JP2013195473A - Liquid crystal display device and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress an occurence of a reverse tilt domain.SOLUTION: A liquid crystal display device 100 includes: a first substrate 10 that is provided with a first surface; a reflection electrode 14 that is formed on the first surface and provided with a slit 14a having a longitude in a first direction; an alignment film 22 that is formed on the first surface with the reflection electrode 14 covered and is subjected to rubbing processing in a second direction at an angle of a 45-degree or small formed with the first direction; a second substrate 40 that is provided with a second surface facing the first surface and is arranged apart at a predetermined interval; a common electrode 44 that is formed on the second surface; and a liquid crystal layer 50 that is arranged between the first surface and the second surface.

Description

  The present technology relates to a liquid crystal display device that displays an image and an electronic apparatus.

For example, an array substrate having a plurality of pixel regions, each of which has a reflective electrode formed thereon, a counter substrate disposed opposite to the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the array substrate and the counter substrate There is a reflective display type liquid crystal display device.
In the reflective display type liquid crystal display device, light incident from the outside of the counter substrate is reflected by the reflective electrode, and the reflected light passes through the liquid crystal layer and is emitted to the outside of the counter substrate, thereby displaying an image. . In such a reflective display type liquid crystal display device, since external light is used for display, visibility is lowered in a dark place.

  On the other hand, in order to improve visibility in a dark place, there is a technique in which a light source is arranged outside the array substrate and an opening is provided in the reflective electrode. According to this technique, an image can be displayed by passing a part of the light emitted from the light source through the liquid crystal layer through the opening and emitting the light to the outside of the counter substrate. That is, in this technique, a part of the reflective display type liquid crystal display device functions as a transmissive display type liquid crystal display device. Such a liquid crystal display device is referred to as a transflective liquid crystal display device, for example.

JP 2001-108818 A

  However, when an opening is provided in the reflective electrode, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer located on the sides of the opening may rise in the opposite direction to the liquid crystal molecules in other regions when an electric field is supplied. As described above, a region where the liquid crystal molecules rise in a direction opposite to the liquid crystal molecules in other regions may be referred to as a reverse tilt domain (reverse tilt region). When the reverse tilt domain is generated in the liquid crystal layer, the reflection performance of external light may be deteriorated.

  In view of these points, it is an object of the disclosed liquid crystal display device and electronic device to suppress the occurrence of a reverse tilt domain.

  In order to achieve the above object, the following liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus are provided.

  The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first surface, a reflective electrode formed on the first surface and provided with a slit having a length in a first direction, and the first surface An alignment film formed on the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction having an angle of less than 45 degrees with the first direction; and a second surface, the second surface being the first The second substrate disposed opposite the surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance, the common electrode formed on the second surface, and disposed between the first surface and the second surface. A liquid crystal layer.

  In addition, the electronic apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device that displays an image. The liquid crystal display device is formed on the first surface with the first surface, and is long in the first direction. A reflective electrode provided with a slit, and an alignment film formed on the first surface so as to cover the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction whose angle with the first direction is smaller than 45 degrees A second substrate provided with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance, and a common electrode formed on the second surface; And a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface.

  According to the disclosed liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus, the occurrence of a reverse tilt domain can be suppressed.

It is a top view which shows an example of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on embodiment. FIG. 2 is a top view showing one pixel region in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a dotted line AA ′ in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows an example of the slit of the reflective electrode which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the extension direction of the slit of the reflective electrode which concerns on embodiment, and the rubbing direction of an alignment film. It is sectional drawing which shows a reference example. It is a figure which shows an example of the reverse tilt domain which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the comparative example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows a modification. It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance of the television apparatus with which a liquid crystal display device is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance of the digital camera to which a liquid crystal display device is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance of the notebook type personal computer to which a liquid crystal display device is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance of the video camera to which a liquid crystal display device is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance of the mobile telephone to which a liquid crystal display device is applied.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment]
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment includes an array substrate on which a plurality of pixel regions are formed, a counter substrate disposed to face the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the counter substrate. Have.

FIG. 1 is a top view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment. In FIG. 1, the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer are not shown.
The array substrate of the liquid crystal display device 100 has a transparent substrate 11 having a surface 11a. On the surface 11 a of the transparent substrate 11, a plurality of gate lines 12 each extending in the X direction, and a plurality of signal lines 13 each extending in the Y direction orthogonal to the X direction and intersecting the gate lines 12. And are formed.

  The gate line 12 is supplied with a scanning signal from a driving circuit (not shown), and the signal line 13 is supplied with a potential based on display data from a driving circuit (not shown). Here, regions surrounded by the gate lines 12 and the signal lines 13 are pixel regions, respectively.

  Further, on the surface 11a, a reflective electrode 14 that reflects light and drives the liquid crystal layer is formed in each of the pixel regions. For example, silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al) is used as the material of the reflective electrode 14. The reflective electrode 14 is provided with a slit 14a having a length in the Y direction.

Next, the detailed structure of the liquid crystal display device 100 will be described by showing the structure of one pixel region.
FIG. 2 is a top view showing one pixel region in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a dotted line AA ′ in FIG. In FIG. 2, the counter substrate 40 and the liquid crystal layer 50 are not shown.
As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal display device 100 includes an array substrate 10, a counter substrate 40 disposed to face the array substrate 10, and a liquid crystal layer 50 disposed between the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 40. And have.

  The array substrate 10 includes a transparent substrate 11 having a surface 11a and a surface 11b opposite to the surface 11a. For example, a glass substrate is used as the transparent substrate 11. A polarizing plate 15 is formed on the surface 11b. A light source (not shown) such as a backlight is disposed on the surface 11b side, for example.

  A gate line 12 and a storage capacitor line 16 are formed on the surface 11a. Here, in FIG. 2, the storage capacitor line 16 is not shown. Furthermore, an insulating film 17 is formed on the surface 11 a so as to cover the gate line 12 and the storage capacitor line 16. As a material of the insulating film 17, for example, silicon nitride (SiNx) is used.

  Further, a semiconductor layer 18 is formed on the insulating film 17. The semiconductor layer 18 is located above the gate line 12. For example, amorphous silicon is used as the material of the semiconductor layer 18. Further, a signal line 13 and a pixel electrode 19 are formed on the insulating film 17 and the semiconductor layer 18. As shown in FIG. 2, the pixel electrode 19 is provided with an opening 19 a having a length in the Y direction.

  Here, the gate line 12, the semiconductor layer 18, and the signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 19 formed on the semiconductor layer 18 constitute a thin film transistor (TFT). That is, when a predetermined potential is supplied to the gate line 12, a channel is formed in the semiconductor layer 18 and the signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 19 are electrically connected.

  Returning to FIG. 3, an insulating film 20 is formed on the insulating film 17 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 18, the signal line 13, and the pixel electrode 19. For example, silicon nitride is used as the material of the insulating film 20. A planarizing film 21 is formed on the insulating film 20.

  A reflective electrode 14 is formed on the planarizing film 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the reflective electrode 14 is formed so as to cover the pixel region. The reflective electrode 14 is provided with a slit 14a having a length in the Y direction.

  Here, the slit 14 a is entirely included in the opening 19 a of the pixel electrode 19. That is, the slit 14a exposes the opening 19a. Thereby, the irradiation light of the light source arrange | positioned at the surface 11b side of the transparent substrate 11 permeate | transmits the liquid crystal layer 50 side via the opening part 19a and the slit 14a. The reflective electrode 14 is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 19 through the contact hole C1.

  Further, an alignment film 22 is formed on the planarizing film 21 so as to cover the reflective electrode 14. The alignment film 22 is subjected to a rubbing process (alignment process) in a predetermined direction.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the counter substrate 40 includes a transparent substrate 41 having a surface 41a and a surface 41b opposite to the surface 41a. The transparent substrate 41 is disposed so that the surface 41 a faces the surface 11 a of the transparent substrate 11. For example, a glass substrate is used as the transparent substrate 41. A polarizing plate 42 is formed on the surface 41b.

  A color filter 43 is formed on the surface 41a. Further, a common electrode 44 is formed on the color filter 43. As the material of the common electrode 44, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), or the like is used. An alignment film 45 is formed on the common electrode 44. The alignment film 45 is rubbed in a predetermined direction.

  The liquid crystal layer 50 is disposed between the alignment film 22 of the array substrate 10 and the alignment film 45 of the counter substrate 40.

  In the liquid crystal display device 100, for example, the potential based on the display data is supplied to the signal line 13 and the scanning signal is supplied to the gate line 12. An electric field based on display data is supplied by the common electrode 44. Thereby, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules changes for each pixel region based on the supplied electric field. In this state, light passes through the liquid crystal layer 50 and is emitted from the surface 41b side of the transparent substrate 41, whereby an image is displayed.

  Specifically, in the reflective display mode, external light is incident from the surface 41 b side of the transparent substrate 41 through the polarizing plate 42, the incident light is reflected by the reflective electrode 14, and the reflected light passes through the liquid crystal layer 50. Then, the light is emitted to the surface 41b side of the transparent substrate 41.

  On the other hand, in the transmissive display mode, the irradiation light of the light source enters from the surface 11 b side of the transparent substrate 11 through the polarizing plate 15, and the incident light is transmitted to the liquid crystal layer 50 side through the slit 14 a of the reflective electrode 14. To do. Then, the transmitted light passes through the liquid crystal layer 50 and is emitted to the surface 41 b side of the transparent substrate 41 through the polarizing plate 42.

Next, the details of the slit 14a provided in the reflective electrode 14 will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slit of the reflective electrode according to the embodiment.
The slit 14a has a longitudinal direction in the Y direction, and includes an end portion 14aa that is an end in the Y direction, an opposite end portion 14ab, and an intermediate portion 14ac that is located between the end portions 14aa and 14ab. Yes. Here, the width W1 of the end portion 14aa is narrower than the width W2 of the end portion 14ab. Here, the width W1 is “0”, and the end portion 14aa forms an acute angle.

  The slit 14a extends from the end portion 14ab to the intermediate portion 14ac with a width W2, and the width gradually decreases from the intermediate portion 14ac to the end portion 14aa. The intermediate portion 14ac and the end portion 14aa are connected by a hypotenuse 14ad inclined with respect to the Y direction.

Next, the relationship between the extending direction of the slit 14a provided in the reflective electrode 14 and the rubbing direction of the alignment films 22 and 45 will be described.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the slit extending direction of the reflective electrode and the rubbing direction of the alignment film according to the embodiment.

  The rubbing direction D22 of the alignment film 22 of the array substrate 10 is directed closer to the extending direction D14a than the directions D1 and D2 orthogonal to the extending direction D14a of the slit 14a of the reflective electrode 14. Here, the extending direction D14a is a direction from the end 14ab shown in FIG. 4 toward the end 14aa. That is, the extending direction D14a is the same as the Y direction.

  That is, the angle formed by the rubbing direction D22 and the extending direction D14a is smaller than 45 degrees. That is, the rubbing direction D22 is set to a direction between a direction D3 rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the extending direction D14a and a direction D4 rotated 45 degrees clockwise with respect to the extending direction D14a. ing. Here, the rubbing direction D22 is set to a direction rotated 15 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the extending direction D14a.

  The rubbing direction D45 of the alignment film 45 of the counter substrate 40 is set so that the angle formed with the rubbing direction D22 is 110 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less. Here, the rubbing direction D45 is set to a direction rotated 120 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the rubbing direction D22.

Next, the reverse tilt domain generated in the liquid crystal layer will be described using a reference example.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a reference example.
The liquid crystal display device 200 of the reference example has an array substrate 210, a counter substrate 220, and a liquid crystal layer 230. On the array substrate 210, a reflective electrode 211 provided with a slit 211a is formed. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the extending direction of the slit 211a. The extending direction of the slit 211a is the same as the rubbing direction D210 on the array substrate 210 side.

  When no electric field is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 230, the liquid crystal molecules 231 are inclined by a certain angle counterclockwise with respect to the rubbing direction D210. This state is also referred to as, for example, a pretilt.

  When an electric field is supplied to the liquid crystal layer 230, a plurality of equipotential lines 232 are generated in the liquid crystal layer 230. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules 231 located on the side 211b that is the end of the rubbing direction D210 of the slit 211a rise in the direction opposite to the pretilt, that is, in the clockwise direction. The liquid crystal molecules 231 located in other regions rise in the same direction as the pretilt, that is, counterclockwise.

  Thus, the reverse tilt domain 233 in which the liquid crystal molecules 231 rise in the opposite direction to the liquid crystal molecules in other regions is generated in the liquid crystal layer 230 in the vicinity of the side 211b that is the end of the rubbing direction D210 of the slit 211a.

  In the liquid crystal display device 100 as well, as in the liquid crystal display device 200 of the reference example, a reverse tilt domain occurs in the liquid crystal layer 50 near the side that is the end in the rubbing direction D22 of the slit 14a provided in the reflective electrode 14. there is a possibility.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the reverse tilt domain according to the embodiment.
In the liquid crystal display device 100, the reverse tilt domain 51 is generated in the liquid crystal layer 50 in the vicinity of the end 14 aa of the slit 14 a of the reflective electrode 14. Here, the reverse tilt domain 51 is not generated in the liquid crystal layer 50 in the vicinity of the hypotenuse 14ad.

  FIG. 7 shows an example in which the rubbing direction D22 of the alignment film 22 is substantially the same as the extending direction D14a of the slit 14a. Further, FIG. 7 shows some equipotential lines 52 generated in the liquid crystal layer 50.

  As described above, in the liquid crystal display device 100, as shown in FIG. 5, the rubbing direction D22 of the alignment film 22 is more than the directions D1 and D2 orthogonal to the extending direction D14a of the slit 14a of the reflective electrode 14. , Close to the extending direction D14a.

  According to this configuration, the range in which the rubbing direction D22 and the side of the slit 14a intersect is, for example, smaller than when the rubbing direction D22 is closer to the directions D1 and D2 than the extending direction D14a. Thereby, the reverse tilt domain 51 can be reduced.

  For example, when the rubbing direction D22 is substantially the same as the extending direction D14a, the side of the slit 14a intersecting the rubbing direction D22 is a short side portion, and the reverse tilt domain 51 is generated on the short side as shown in FIG. And reduce.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating Comparative Example 1.
In Comparative Example 1, the rubbing direction D22 of the alignment film 22 is orthogonal to the extending direction D14a of the slit 14a of the reflective electrode 14.
In this case, the side of the slit 14a intersecting the rubbing direction D22 is a long side portion, and the reverse tilt domain 51 is generated on the long side and increases.

In the liquid crystal display device 100, as shown in FIG. 4, in the slit 14a of the reflective electrode 14, the width W1 of the end portion 14aa is narrower than the width W2 of the end portion 14ab.
According to this configuration, the length of the side that intersects the rubbing direction D22 at an acute angle is shortened at the end of the slit 14a in the rubbing direction D22. Thereby, the reverse tilt domain 51 can be further reduced.

  When the width W1 of the end portion 14aa is “0”, that is, when the end portion 14aa forms an acute angle, the reverse tilt domain 51 can be substantially eliminated.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a second comparative example.
In Comparative Example 2, the slit 14a of the reflective electrode 14 has a rectangular shape. That is, the width W1 of the end portion 14aa and the width W2 of the end portion 14ab are the same.
In this case, the reverse tilt domain 51 occurs along the entire short side of the slit 14a. In FIG. 9, some equipotential lines 52 generated in the liquid crystal layer 50 are shown.

(Modification)
Next, a modified example will be described.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a modification.
In the modification, the shape of the slit 14 b provided in the reflective electrode 14 is different from the slit 14 a of the liquid crystal display device 100. The slit 14b has a length in the Y direction, and includes an end portion 14ba that is an end in the Y direction and an end portion 14bb on the opposite side.

Here, the width W3 of the end portion 14ba is narrower than the width W4 of the end portion 14bb. Here, the width W3 is “0”, and the end portion 14ba forms an acute angle. Further, the width of the slit 14b is gradually narrowed from the end portion 14bb to the end portion 14ba. The end portion 14bb and the end portion 14ba are connected by a hypotenuse 14bc inclined with respect to the Y direction.
Also in the modified example, the reverse tilt domain generated in the liquid crystal layer 50 can be reduced.

(Modules and application examples)
Next, application examples of the liquid crystal display device described in the above embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment can be applied to electronic devices in various fields that display a video signal input from the outside or a video signal generated inside as an image or video. Such an electronic device is, for example, a television set, a digital camera, a notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, or a video camera.

(Application example 1)
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of an appearance of a television device to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. This television apparatus has, for example, a video display screen unit 510 including a front panel 511 and a filter glass 512, and the video display screen unit 510 is configured by the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment. .

(Application example 2)
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the appearance of a digital camera to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. FIG. 12A is a perspective view seen from the front side, and FIG. 12B is a perspective view seen from the back side. This digital camera has, for example, a light emitting unit 521 for flash, a display unit 522, a menu switch 523, and a shutter button 524, and the display unit 522 is configured by the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment. Yes.

(Application example 3)
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the appearance of a notebook personal computer to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. This notebook personal computer has, for example, a main body 531, a keyboard 532 for inputting characters and the like, and a display unit 533 for displaying an image. The display unit 533 is a liquid crystal display according to the above embodiment. It is comprised by the apparatus.

(Application example 4)
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the appearance of a video camera to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. This video camera has, for example, a main body 541, a subject shooting lens 542 provided on the front side surface of the main body 541, a start / stop switch 543 at the time of shooting, and a display 544. The display unit 544 includes the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment.

(Application example 5)
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the appearance of a mobile phone to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. FIG. 15A is a front view of the mobile phone opened, and FIG. 15B is a side view of FIG. 15C is a front view of the cellular phone in a closed state, FIG. 15D is a left side view of FIG. 15C, and FIG. 15E is a right side of FIG. 15C. FIG. 15F is a top view of FIG. 15C, and FIG. 15G is a bottom view of FIG. 15C.

  For example, the mobile phone is obtained by connecting an upper housing 710 and a lower housing 720 with a connecting portion (hinge portion) 730, and includes a display 740, a sub-display 750, a picture light 760, and a camera 770. Yes. The display 740 and the sub display 750 are configured by the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment.

In addition, this technique can also take the following structures.
(1) a first substrate having a first surface;
A reflective electrode formed on the first surface and provided with a slit having a length in a first direction;
An alignment film formed on the first surface so as to cover the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction having an angle with the first direction smaller than 45 degrees;
A second substrate provided with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance;
A common electrode formed on the second surface;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface;
A liquid crystal display device.
(2) The slit includes a first end that is an end in the first direction and a second end on the opposite side, and the first width of the first end is the first width Narrower than the second width of the end of the two,
The liquid crystal display device according to (1).
(3) The slit includes an intermediate portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, and extends with the second width from the second end portion to the intermediate portion. The width gradually decreases from the intermediate portion to the first end portion.
The liquid crystal display device according to (2).
(4) The slit is gradually narrowed from the second end to the first end.
The liquid crystal display device according to (2).
(5) The first end portion forms an acute angle.
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of (2) to (4).
(6) A liquid crystal display device for displaying an image is provided.
The liquid crystal display device
A first substrate having a first surface;
A reflective electrode formed on the first surface and provided with a slit having a length in a first direction;
An alignment film formed on the first surface so as to cover the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction having an angle with the first direction smaller than 45 degrees;
A second substrate provided with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance;
A common electrode formed on the second surface;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface;
Electronics.

  10, 210 ... Array substrate, 11, 41 ... Transparent substrate, 11a, 11b, 41a, 41b ... Surface, 12 ... Gate line, 13 ... Signal line, 14, 211 ... Reflective electrode, 14a, 14b , 211a... Slit, 14aa, 14ab, 14ba, 14bb... End, 14ac... Intermediate part, 14ad, 14bc. ... Insulating film, 18 ... Semiconductor layer, 19 ... Pixel electrode, 19a ... Opening, 21 ... Flattening film, 22, 45 ... Alignment film, 40, 220 ... Counter substrate, 43 ... Color filter 44, common electrode, 50, 230 ... liquid crystal layer, 51, 233 ... reverse tilt domain, 52, 232 ... equipotential lines, 100, 200 ... liquid crystal display device, 211b ... side, 231 ... liquid crystal Min , C1 ...... contact hole, D1~D4 ...... direction, D14a ...... extending direction, D22, D45, D210 ...... rubbing direction, W1~W4 ...... width

Claims (6)

A first substrate having a first surface;
A reflective electrode formed on the first surface and provided with a slit having a length in a first direction;
An alignment film formed on the first surface so as to cover the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction having an angle with the first direction smaller than 45 degrees;
A second substrate provided with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance;
A common electrode formed on the second surface;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface;
A liquid crystal display device. The slit includes a first end that is an end in the first direction and a second end on the opposite side, and the first width of the first end is the second end Narrower than the second width of the part,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. The slit includes an intermediate portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, and extends with the second width from the second end portion to the intermediate portion. The width is gradually narrowed from the part to the first end part,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2. The slit gradually decreases in width from the second end to the first end.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2. The first end has an acute angle;
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2. It has a liquid crystal display device that displays images,
The liquid crystal display device
A first substrate having a first surface;
A reflective electrode formed on the first surface and provided with a slit having a length in a first direction;
An alignment film formed on the first surface so as to cover the reflective electrode and rubbed in a second direction having an angle with the first direction smaller than 45 degrees;
A second substrate provided with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface and spaced apart by a predetermined distance;
A common electrode formed on the second surface;
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface;
Electronics.

Images