JP2013194492A - School building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wooden school building of three or more stories, capable of increasing the span of a classroom and improving an aseismatic performance compatibly by a framework wall construction method.SOLUTION: A three-storied wooden schoolhouse 1 constructed by the framework wall construction method includes: at least a pair of outer walls 10 separated from each other and erected in parallel; a plurality of floor slabs 8 disposed between the pair of outer walls 10, for partitioning an upper floor and a lower floor; a pair of reinforcing walls 11 erected to the height of the second floor in parallel with the pair of outer walls 10 at a position separated to an outdoor side with respect to the pair of outer walls 10; and a connecting member 9 for connecting the floor slabs 8 and the reinforcing walls 11.

Description

  The present invention relates to a school building, and more particularly to a school building in which a classroom, a hallway, and other facilities are made of wood.

  Conventionally, school buildings such as school buildings are often constructed with RC structures in order to place importance on earthquake resistance and fire resistance and reduce construction costs. In particular, in the conventional school building, the indoor environment in the classroom is not so much considered, and the environment is inorganic compared to the indoor environment of ordinary houses. Therefore, wooden school buildings that use timber, a sustainable resource, have been proposed to reduce the mental and physical burden on children. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 is obliged to carry out structural calculations on wooden school buildings of three stories or more so that they will not collapse suddenly even in earthquakes with a seismic intensity of 6 or higher. In addition, use of walls, pillars, horizontal members of a predetermined size or more is described. In fact, in conventional wooden school buildings, pillars are often installed in the center of the classroom.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "School of wood with warmth and moisture" School of Japan, Japan Association for Educational Facilities, December 21, 2007, pages 64-65

  By the way, when constructing a school building by a wooden frame wall construction method, it is a structure that supports a load by combining wall bodies in a box shape, so that no columns or beams are required. In addition, since the wall body is configured by combining relatively small-section wood, it does not require wood having a large cross-section, and material procurement is easy and material costs may be reduced. It is also easy to realize a large classroom span by using a wooden truss beam that is a truss-like combination of small cross-section timbers. In addition, as represented by the two-by-four method, the wooden frame wall construction method has standardized wood dimensions and wall frame dimensions, enabling system build-up by mass production and high quality at the factory. It is.

  However, in a conventional school building, a plurality of classrooms are repeatedly installed in one direction (for example, the front-rear direction), and only one classroom is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the classroom (for example, the left-right direction). Many of them have a rectangular shape that is elongated in one direction when viewed in plan. In this case, when the school building is made up of three floors or more, a large number of load bearing walls in the left-right direction partitioning the classrooms can be installed, but there is a problem that the number of load bearing walls parallel to the front-rear direction is insufficient in the earthquake-resistant design.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and is a three-story or more wooden school building that can achieve both a large span of a classroom and an improvement in seismic performance by a frame wall construction method. It is an issue to provide.

  The present invention is an n-storey (n ≧ 3) wooden school building constructed by a frame wall construction method, and includes at least a pair of outer walls standing in parallel and spaced apart from each other, and the pair of outer walls. A plurality of floor slabs that are installed between the upper floor and the lower floor, and are erected up to the height of the (n-1) th floor in parallel with the pair of outer walls at positions spaced outward from the pair of outer walls. A pair of reinforcing walls, and a connecting member that connects the floor slab and the reinforcing wall.

  According to such a structure, in an n-story (n ≧ 3) wooden school building, the pair of reinforcing walls are parallel to the pair of outer walls at positions spaced outward from the pair of outer walls. Since the pair of reinforcing walls are connected to the floor slab by the connecting member, the pair of outer walls, the pair of reinforcing walls, and the floor slab are large gates. It functions like a frame and can improve the earthquake resistance of school buildings. In addition, a pair of reinforcing walls are erected up to the height of the (n-1) th floor, and the reinforcing walls are not constructed in the nth floor portion that does not support the load on the upper floor, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating the construction. Can do. Moreover, since the school building is constructed by the wooden frame wall construction method, it is possible to realize a large span of the classroom without using columns and beams.

  The school building is preferably formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, and the pair of outer walls and the pair of reinforcing walls are preferably provided in parallel with the long sides of the rectangle.

  School buildings formed in a rectangular shape in plan view tend to have fewer walls parallel to the longitudinal direction than the number of walls perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Since the reinforcing wall is provided in parallel with the long side of the rectangle, the number of walls parallel to the longitudinal direction can be increased to improve the earthquake resistance of the school building.

  Further, it is preferable that the pair of outer walls include a window portion, and the pair of reinforcing walls include an opening portion at a position corresponding to the window portion.

  According to such a structure, the pair of reinforcing walls include the opening at a position corresponding to the window provided on the outer wall, so that light can be taken into the school building through the opening and the window. .

  The school building is provided in parallel with the plurality of classrooms arranged along one outer wall, the hallway provided along the other outer wall, and the pair of outer walls between the classroom and the hallway. A pair of inner walls, and a plurality of cylindrical atriums that pass through the plurality of floor slabs between the pair of inner walls and guide sunlight from the roof space to the classrooms, It is preferable that a plurality of small rooms serving as passages connecting the classrooms and the hallway are provided.

  In a normal school building, the classroom and the hallway are separated by a single wall, but according to such a configuration, the pair of inner walls are provided in parallel with the pair of outer walls between the classroom and the hallway. The seismic performance of school buildings can be further enhanced. In addition, since a plurality of cylindrical atriums are erected from the first floor to the roof through the floor slab and function like a pillar with a large cross section (core wall), the earthquake resistance of school buildings is further enhanced be able to. Moreover, since light can be introduced into the classroom from the corridor side through the atrium, the illuminance difference in the classroom can be reduced.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the wooden school building of 3 stories or more which can make a large span of a classroom and the improvement of seismic performance compatible with a frame wall construction method can be provided.

It is a left view of a school building. It is a horizontal sectional view in the II-II line arrow of FIG. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 2. It is the vertical sectional view which expanded and showed the classroom periphery in the IV-IV line arrow of FIG.

  The school building which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings. In the description, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the direction will be described based on the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom described in the drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the school building 1 according to the present embodiment is a wooden three-story school building constructed by a frame wall method (two-by-four method). The school building 1 includes a pair of outer walls 10 erected parallel to each other in the front-rear direction, a plurality of floor slabs 8 (see FIG. 3) installed between the pair of outer walls 10, and a pair of outer walls 10. Further, a pair of reinforcing walls 11 erected on the outdoor side, and a plurality of connecting members 9 that connect the plurality of floor slabs 8 and the reinforcing walls 11 are provided. The school building 1 includes a plurality of classrooms 2 provided on the left side of the school building 1, a hallway 3 serving as a passage provided on the right side of the school building 1, and a buffer space 4 provided between the classroom 2 and the hallway 3 ,have. Further, the buffer space 4 has an atrium 5 that guides sunlight taken from the space above the roof of the school building 1 to the classroom 2 and small rooms 6 and 6 that also serve as a passage connecting the classroom 2 and the hallway 3.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the classroom 2 is a space that is surrounded by walls on all sides and formed in a quadrangular shape in plan view, and is basically constructed by a wooden frame wall method without pillars or beams. ing. The front wall 21 of the classroom 2 includes a blackboard 21a and a storage portion 21b. Further, the rear wall 22 of the classroom 2 includes a storage portion 22a. The right wall 23 of the classroom 2 includes entrances 61 and 61 to the small rooms 6 and 6 on the front side and the rear side. The left wall 24 of the classroom 2 is installed facing the outdoor side opposite to the corridor 3 and constitutes one outer wall 10 of the school building 1. The left wall 24 includes a window portion 24a, a flange portion 7, and a light transmission portion 24b. The front wall 21, the rear wall 22, the right wall 23, and the left wall 24 are provided with high-strength load-bearing walls having strength performance that is three times or more that of a normal wooden load-bearing wall in place. The right wall 23 corresponds to an “inner wall” in the claims.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the hallway 3 is a passage through which a user of the school building 1 passes. In the present embodiment, the hallway 3 is formed with a width dimension substantially the same as that of the classroom 2, and is partially divided by the partition wall 31 for every three classrooms 2 (for example, every grade). A portion between the partition walls 31 is an open space 32, which is used for multiple purposes. The left wall 33 of the hallway 3 includes entrances 62 and 62 to the small rooms 6 and 6. The right wall 34 of the hallway 3 is installed facing the outdoor side opposite to the classroom 2 and constitutes the other outer wall 10 of the school building 1. The right wall 34 includes a window portion 34a. The left wall 33 of the hallway 3 corresponds to an “inner wall” in the claims.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the floor slab 8 is a member that constitutes the horizontal surface of the frame wall construction method, and includes a plurality of wooden truss beams 81 and a ceiling member 82 attached to the lower side of the truss beams 81, And a floor plate 83 attached to the upper side of the truss beam 81. The plurality of truss beams 81 are arranged at intervals in the front-rear direction, and are spanned between the pair of left and right outer walls 10. As shown in FIG. 4, a penetration portion 8 a penetrating vertically is formed in a portion of the floor slab 8 corresponding to the blow-through portion 5 described later.

  As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the pair of reinforcing walls 11 are reinforcing wall bodies erected in parallel with the pair of outer walls 10 along the front-rear direction that is the longitudinal direction of the school building 1. . The reinforcing wall 11 is constructed by combining a number of wooden high strength bearing walls. The reinforcing walls 11 are installed on the outdoor side of the pair of outer walls 10 at a predetermined interval. Although the space | interval of the outer wall 10 and the reinforcement wall 11 is not specifically limited, It is preferable to set it as about 0.5m-1.0m. The reinforcing wall 11 has openings 11a and 11b at positions corresponding to the window portion 24a and the light transmitting portion 24b of the left wall 24 of the classroom 2. The opening 11a on the second floor is formed wider than the opening 11b on the first floor. The reinforcing wall 11 on the corridor 3 side has a similar structure.

  The connecting member 9 is a short beam-like structure that connects the floor slab 8 and the reinforcing wall 11. A plurality of connecting members 9 are provided on the side of the floor slab 8 and between the classrooms 2 and between the windows 24a and 24a. The connecting member 9 of the present embodiment is formed, for example, by extending two adjacent truss beams 81 of the floor slab 8 to the reinforcing wall 11 and covering the periphery thereof with an exterior material. The structure of the connecting member 9 is not limited to such a structure, and any structure may be used as long as the floor slab 8 and the reinforcing wall 11 can be rigidly connected.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the atrium 5 is a rectangular space (see FIG. 2) provided between the classroom 2 and the corridor 3, and communicates from the roof of the school building 1 to the first floor. Yes. In other words, the blow-through portion 5 is configured by a cylindrical body that extends from the first floor to the roof through a plurality of floor slabs. On the roof at the upper end of the atrium 5, a skylight 51 for taking in light is installed. The wall around the blow-off portion 5 is finished with a color or material that easily reflects light. Moreover, the opening part 52 used as the passage of light is formed in the wall around the blow-off part 5, respectively. Among these, the sunlight is inserted into the classroom 2 through the opening 52 on the classroom 2 side. Thereby, the illumination intensity by the side of the corridor 3 of the classroom 2 improves. The opening 52 is provided with a turning window that opens and closes around a horizontal axis.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the floor slab 8 of the school building 1 has a space 81 a between adjacent truss beams 81. An upper space 81 a of the classroom 2 communicates with the atrium 5 and functions as an optical duct that guides sunlight incident from the atrium 5 to the classroom 2. The upper surface of the ceiling material 82 and the lower surface of the floor board 83 are finished with a color or material that easily reflects light. The ceiling material 82 constitutes the ceiling surface of the classroom 2 and includes an opening 82a in the vicinity of the center in the left-right direction. Thereby, the illumination intensity of the center part vicinity of the left-right direction of the classroom 2 improves.

  The eaves part 7 is provided between the window part 24a and the light transmission part 24b of the left wall 24 facing the outdoors. The collar part 7 is provided with the outdoor part 7a extended to the outdoor side, and the indoor part 7b extended to the indoor side. The sunlight reflected by the upper surface of the outdoor part 7a illuminates the ceiling surface of the classroom 2 through the light transmission part 24b. Moreover, the sunlight reflected by the upper surface of the indoor part 7b after passing through the light transmission part 24b also illuminates the ceiling surface of the classroom 2. As a result, it is possible to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the floor surface of the classroom 2 by the buttocks 7, and the ceiling surface is illuminated by the light reflected from the upper surface of the buttocks 7, so that light such as indirect lighting is softened. It becomes. In addition, the light transmission part 24b is provided with a rotating window that rotates around a horizontal axis to open and close.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, small chambers 6 and 6 are provided on both front and rear sides of the blow-off portion 5. The small rooms 6 and 6 are small wooden spaces that also serve as a passage connecting the classroom 2 and the hallway 3. Each of the small rooms 6 and 6 has an entrance / exit 61 communicating with the classroom 2 and an entrance / exit 62 communicating with the hallway 3.

  The school building 1 according to the present embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, the operational effects of the school building 1 will be described.

  According to the present embodiment, in the three-story wooden school building 1, the pair of reinforcing walls 11 are parallel to the pair of outer walls 10 at a position spaced apart from the pair of outer walls 10 to the height of the second floor. Further, since the pair of reinforcing walls 11 are connected to the floor slab 8 by the connecting member 9, the pair of outer walls 10, the pair of reinforcing walls 11, and the floor slab 8 are large portal frames. It is possible to improve the seismic performance of school buildings. In addition, a pair of reinforcing walls 11 are erected up to the height of the second floor, and the reinforcing walls 11 are not constructed on the third floor portion that does not support the load on the upper floor, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating the construction. Can do. Moreover, since the school building 1 is constructed by a wooden frame wall construction method, a large span of the classroom 2 can be realized without using columns and beams.

  Moreover, since the school building 1 according to the present embodiment is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, the pair of reinforcing walls 11 are provided in parallel with the long sides of the rectangle. The earthquake resistance performance of the school building 1 can be improved by increasing the number.

  Moreover, according to the school building 1 which concerns on this embodiment, since a pair of reinforcement wall 11 is provided with opening part 11a, 11b in the position corresponding to the window part 24a provided in the outer wall 10, and the light transmissive part 24b, it is an opening part. Light can be taken into the school building 1 through 11a, 11b, the window 24a, and the light transmitting portion 24b.

  Further, in a normal school building, the classroom and the hallway are separated by a single wall, but according to the school building 1 according to the present embodiment, a pair of inner walls (the right wall 23 of the classroom 2 and the left wall 33 of the hallway 3). ) Is provided between the classroom 2 and the corridor 3 in parallel with the pair of outer walls 10, the seismic performance of the school building 1 can be further enhanced. In addition, since the plurality of cylindrical atriums 5 are erected from the first floor to the roof through the floor slab 8 and function like large pillars (core walls), the earthquake-proof performance of the school building 1 is further increased. Can be increased. Moreover, since light can be introduced into the classroom 2 from the corridor 3 side through the atrium 5, the illuminance difference in the classroom 2 can be reduced.

  Moreover, since the school building 1 has a plurality of classrooms 2, corridors 3 and buffer spaces 4 of the same size arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, it is possible to reduce the types of parts and suppress the manufacturing cost and the material cost. it can. In addition, standardization and unitization of parts constituting the classroom 2, the corridor 3 and the buffer space 4 and mass production at the factory facilitates high quality, labor saving in process inspection, shortening the construction period, and the like.

  In addition, since the school building 1 is constructed by the frame wall construction method (two-by-four construction method), the columns and beams can be omitted, and the main member of the horizontal construction is composed of wooden truss beams 81. A large-span space like classroom 2 can be realized.

  The school building 1 according to the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, although the school building 1 according to this embodiment has a three-story structure, the present invention is not limited to this and may have a four-story structure or more.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 School building 2 Classroom 3 Corridor 4 Buffer space 5 Atrium part 6 Small room 7 Abutment part 8 Floor slab 9 Connecting member 10 Outer wall 11 Reinforcement wall

Claims (4)

It is an n-story (n ≧ 3) wooden school building constructed with a frame wall construction method,
At least a pair of outer walls standing in parallel and spaced apart from each other;
A plurality of floor slabs constructed between the pair of outer walls and partitioning the upper floor and the lower floor;
A pair of reinforcing walls erected up to a height of n-1 floor in parallel with the pair of outer walls at a position spaced apart from the pair of outer walls on the outdoor side;
A connecting member for connecting the floor slab and the reinforcing wall;
A school building characterized by comprising. The school building according to claim 1, which is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view,
The pair of outer walls and the pair of reinforcing walls are provided in parallel with the long sides of the rectangle. The pair of outer walls includes a window portion,
The school building according to claim 1, wherein the pair of reinforcing walls includes an opening at a position corresponding to the window. A plurality of classrooms arranged along one outer wall, a corridor provided along the other outer wall, and a pair of inner walls provided parallel to the pair of outer walls between the classroom and the corridor; Further comprising
Between the pair of inner walls, it penetrates the plurality of floor slabs, and also serves as a passage connecting the classrooms and the corridors with a plurality of cylindrical atriums that guide sunlight taken from the space above the roof to the classrooms. The school building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of small rooms are provided.

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