JP2013189969A - Vertical channel type cross flow turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small cross flow turbine for small hydro power to efficiently recover the energy which liquid possesses.SOLUTION: A liquid inflow pipe and a liquid outflow pipe are located on a straight line in such an installation as able to lie on a water passage downward from the upper part to the lower part. A turbine room has an approximately the same capacity as a capacity of the outside dimension of a water turbine, and a turbine room water reception part is provided which receives liquid flowing in. A channel partitioning plate is interposed between the liquid inflow pipe and the turbine room water reception part. A casing is used which can accommodate a plurality of water turbines of the structure to cause odd-numbered water turbines and even-numbered water turbines from the upstream to be reversed in a flow rotational direction. The rotational power of all water turbines are integrated in one electric power transfer unit, so that only one generator is needed to be used.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crossflow turbine used for small hydropower generation.

  Proximity to power consumers due to shortage of power supply capacity due to successive shutdowns of power plants, increased awareness of fuel savings at thermal power plants, and rising electricity prices due to the start of a fixed price purchase system for generated power There is interest in power generation at the site. For example, renewable energy such as solar power generation, wind power generation, and small hydropower generation is used. In urban areas, there are few spaces where large power generation facilities can be installed, so space saving is also an issue.

  In particular, small hydropower generation is well-known using rivers and irrigation canals. Mainly, propeller turbines, open peripheral flow turbines, Pelton turbines, etc. are installed without using a chassis. It is common to use water that circulates at an inclination closer to the horizontal direction. These techniques have been taken up by the media and are now beginning to spread to the general public. However, it is difficult to use it in urban areas with few rivers appearing on the surface because it has been landfilled or darkened, and it is thought that its ability to generate power itself is low in areas that consume large amounts of power.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a water turbine for small hydropower generation that solves the problem of space saving of the installation space and can efficiently recover the energy of the liquid.

  In many urban areas, liquid pipes are installed in buildings for the purification of water in bathing facilities such as pools and baths, the use of rainwater during filtration, air conditioning in large buildings, and other uses. Then, these can be used as substitutes for rivers and small hydropower generation can be performed. Among the pipes, in particular, a pipe through which liquid flows from above to below is used to convert the potential energy and kinetic energy of the flowing liquid into electric power. The inclination of the pipe is ideal when a portion that is substantially vertical is used because the energy of the liquid can be effectively used, but other angles may be used. Since these buildings can be found in areas other than cities, they can be used in areas where it is difficult to use rivers, irrigation canals, etc. it can. In addition, if the pipe is used for river water or irrigation, and the pipe is installed in the basement below the riverbed, it can be installed in a section where the angle of the pipe is close to vertical. Is available.

  Since piping in a building is usually provided in a narrow space, it is necessary to reduce the size of the water wheel. In addition, because it is inside the building, a housing is required to prevent the liquid from leaking to the outside, and the energy of the liquid flowing through the inside is lost as the piping approaches the horizontal direction rather than the vertical direction, so that it is as vertical as possible. It is necessary to circulate the liquid in the pipe, and it is necessary to increase the energy recovery efficiency in order to use a limited amount of liquid in the piping. As a water turbine for satisfying these requirements, a cross-flow water turbine is used in which liquid flowing through the inside can collide with water turbine blades at the inlet and outlet of the turbine twice to give energy. Even when using river water or irrigation water, liquid must not leak to the place of use, so a small enclosure is also required.

  A normally used crossflow water turbine is provided with a liquid inflow pipe along the circumference of the water wheel, and a liquid outflow pipe is provided in a direction substantially perpendicular to the liquid inflow pipe. In the present invention, the liquid inflow pipe and the liquid outflow pipe are provided in a direction coinciding with the diameter of the water turbine, and the side circumference of the water turbine chamber is arranged so that the liquid inflow pipe and the previous liquid outflow pipe are arranged on the same straight line. It arranges in the part. That is, it becomes a vertical flow path type cross flow turbine. The water turbine chamber is also substantially the same shape as the water turbine so that the entire amount of liquid flowing through the water chamber collides with the water turbine. However, if the volume is the same, the liquid that is about to flow into the water turbine cannot be received, causing stagnation and backflow and affecting the operation of the original equipment. The circumference of the water turbine chamber is expanded from the liquid inlet toward the rotation direction of the water turbine, and a water turbine chamber water receiving portion that is a liquid receiving space is provided. With this structure, the size of the casing can be suppressed, and at the same time, the potential energy of the liquid can be efficiently applied to the water turbine blades.

  When liquid flows in from the entire surface of the liquid inlet, a force in the direction of reverse rotation of the water wheel is also applied and efficiency is lowered. For this reason, the liquid inflow port in the reverse rotation direction relative to the water wheel shaft is closed by the flow path partition plate. The channel partition plate also has the effect of narrowing the channel through which the liquid flows into the water turbine and increasing the flow velocity. If the flow velocity increases, the force to rotate the turbine increases, but if it is too narrow, it may cause liquid stagnation and backflow. The closed area can be adjusted to increase the power generation efficiency. In any case, since the half surface of the liquid inlet in the reverse rotation direction with respect to the rotating shaft of the water turbine is closed, this portion may be formed integrally with the casing and only the adjustment portion may be replaced. .

  Rather than using one vertical flow crossflow turbine as described in paragraphs 0006 to 0007 to convert energy into electric power, it was not possible to remove the upstream turbine by using multiple units in series. Since energy can be recovered, more electric power can be obtained. When the distance between the pipes is long, a plurality of pipes can be arranged in series. For this reason, a housing capable of accommodating a plurality of water turbines is prepared in advance, and the number of water turbines actually used is accommodated and manufactured in accordance with the flow rate and flow velocity of the liquid. As a result, the construction at the installation site is simplified, and the construction period at the installation site can be shortened.

  When rotating the water wheel, the inertial force in the direction of rotation of the water wheel is acting on the liquid flowing inside. That is, the natural flow direction of the liquid at the liquid outlet that is a connection portion between the liquid outflow pipe and the water turbine chamber is the direction of the closed surface at the liquid inlet. At this time, if the downstream turbine is rotated in the same direction as the upstream turbine, it is necessary to change the flow direction of the liquid from the direction once flowed to the opposite direction, and the energy of the liquid is lost. Become. For this reason, the downstream water turbine has a structure that is reversed in the horizontal direction from the upstream water turbine. The structure of the water turbine chamber and the installation position and direction of the flow path partition plate are the same. That is, the odd-numbered and even-numbered turbines have a plane-symmetric structure with respect to a plane including the central axis of the liquid inflow pipe and the central axis of the turbine rotation axis.

  As a method for generating power using a plurality of water turbines, a method is conceivable in which a generator is connected to each water turbine and the generated power of the plurality of power generators is joined by wiring. However, there are problems in that a large installation space is required, that the installation space is not provided on the floor because it is provided in the middle of the piping, and that a mounting base is required, and that the introduction cost for the number of generators is required. Therefore, the rotational force of each turbine is collected in one power transmission device, and the rotational force is transmitted to one generator. The power transmission device uses a gear (gear), uses a combination of a pulley (pulley) and a belt, uses a combination of a toothed pulley (timing pulley) and a toothed belt (timing belt), a chain wheel A combination of (sprocket) and chain (chain) is conceivable.

  By implementing the present invention, it is possible to generate power even in regions where it has been difficult to perform small hydropower generation. Moreover, when providing in a building, if the owner of the said building desires, it is possible to perform small hydroelectric power generation without the complicated procedure concerning acquisition of water rights. Furthermore, by consolidating the rotational power of all the water turbines into one and using one generator, the cost and installation space required for introduction are reduced, and the speed between the present invention and the generator is increased. The number of parts can be reduced.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of the present invention.   FIG. 2 is a front view of a housing that can accommodate three water wheels of the present invention.   FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.   FIG. 4 is a right side view of the case where the power connection of each turbine is performed by only the gear directly connected to the turbine, and the rotation directions of the odd-numbered and even-numbered turbines from the upstream are reversed.   FIG. 5 shows the power connection of each water wheel by a pulley or a toothed pulley or a chain wheel, and the belt or toothed belt or chain is hung in the shape of 8 and the rotation direction of the odd and even numbered turbines from the upstream. It is a right side view in case where is reversed.   6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIGS. 4 and 5.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, the number of water turbines that can be accommodated in the housing and the number of water turbines that can actually be accommodated in the housing are not limited. However, in order to simplify the explanation and the drawings, three water turbines may be accommodated. Take as an example a three-wheel turbine in a possible enclosure.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of a housing that can accommodate three water wheels of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. The structure of one water wheel will be described with reference to FIG.

  The reference numeral 10 is a disk-shaped two-wheel set of the reference number 11 turbine wheel side plate, the reference number 12 water turbine blade sandwiched between the water wheel side plates, and the water wheel rotatably attached to the housing. Therefore, it is composed of a water turbine rotating shaft of reference numeral 13 provided at the center of a water turbine side plate of reference numeral 11. The turbine wheel rotation shaft denoted by reference numeral 13 extends outside the housing denoted by reference numeral 20, and a power transmission device is provided at a portion of the turbine rotation shaft exposed outside the housing. A water turbine chamber 21 is provided to accommodate the water turbine 10 in the housing. However, in order to efficiently rotate the water turbine, the water turbine chamber is substantially the same type as the water turbine, and the entire amount of inflowing liquid circulates in the water turbine. To make the structure. In addition, the inflow pipe for the liquid flowing into the water turbine chamber 21 and the outflow pipe for the liquid flowing out from the water turbine chamber are arranged in the same straight line, and it is necessary to efficiently transmit the energy of the liquid to the water turbine. For this reason, the liquid inflow pipe of the code | symbol 32 same diameter as the liquid inflow port of the code | symbol 31 arrange | positioned in the position which opposes a water turbine chamber, and the liquid outflow pipe of the code | symbol 34 of the same diameter as the liquid outflow port of the code | symbol 33 It is necessary to provide the liquid inflow pipe and the liquid outflow pipe so as to coincide with the extension of the respective center lines and overlap the diameter of the water turbine. The center lines of the liquid inflow pipe and the liquid outflow pipe denoted by reference numeral 30 represent the coincident center lines as virtual lines.

  In the structure of Paragraph 0015, since the liquid flows in from the entire liquid inlet 31, a force is also applied in the direction in which the water turbine 10 reversely rotates, and the turbine efficiency is significantly reduced. In view of this, the flow path partition plate 40 is used to prevent the liquid from flowing in the direction in which the water turbine rotates in the reverse direction. The liquid inlet is narrowed by the flow path partition plate, and the flow rate is increased to flow into the water turbine indicated by reference numeral 10, so that the energy of the liquid increases. Further, if the flow path partition plate can be replaced as in the case of the flow path partition plate replacement of reference numeral 41, the width of the liquid inflow port can be made variable, which is the most efficient and original equipment for the installed equipment. The effect on the smallest is adjustable. A portion represented by reference numeral 42 is a narrowed liquid inlet. As can be seen from FIG. 3, it can be seen that half or more of the liquid inlet in the reverse rotation direction is covered by the flow path partition plate. Since the resistance to the liquid flowing into the water turbine increases as the liquid inlet is narrowed, it is necessary to provide the water turbine chamber water receiving portion 22 of the water turbine chamber 21 from the liquid inlet toward the rotation direction. There is. This provides the circumferential part of the water turbine chamber as a space expanded in the radial direction.

  FIG. 4 is a right side view of the case where the power connection of each turbine is performed by only the gear directly connected to the turbine, and the rotation directions of the odd-numbered and even-numbered turbines from the upstream are reversed. Further, FIG. 5 shows that the power of each turbine is connected by a pulley or a toothed pulley or a chain wheel, and the belt or the toothed belt or chain is hung in the shape of 8 and FIG. 6 is a right side view when the rotation direction is reversed, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIGS. 4 and 5. A structure in which a plurality of water turbines are integrated in series will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 to 6.

  When a plurality of casings are integrated in series, the liquid inlet pipe 32 of the downstream casing and the liquid outlet pipe 34 of the upstream casing are formed as a liquid outlet / liquid inlet pipe 35. . Further, a pipe connecting jaw portion 23 is provided at the most upstream liquid inlet and the most downstream liquid outlet to facilitate connection with the front and rear pipes. There is also a method to connect the housing to resin and connect it to the pipe by bonding, but considering the maintainability, the method of providing jaws on the front and rear pipes and fixing them with bolts and nuts can be Good because it can be removed from the pipe. Furthermore, if a piping that avoids the present invention is formed by branching on the piping side and the flow path can be switched by a switching valve or the like, maintenance can be performed without affecting the original equipment.

  In the present invention, in order to consolidate the rotational power of all the water turbines into one and transmit the aggregated rotational power to one generator provided outside, a power transmission device such as reference numeral 50 or reference numeral 60 is used. The power transmission device denoted by reference numeral 50 uses the same number of gears denoted by reference numeral 51 as the number of water turbines. The gear is rotated by a water turbine rotating shaft denoted by reference numeral 13 and is further provided so that adjacent gears mesh with each other. Since adjacent gears rotate reversely, they can be rotated reversely alternately without using a power transmission device or other gears therebetween. Although not shown, a gear for transmitting power to the outside is engaged with one of the gears, and the power is transmitted to the generator. Further, the power transmission device denoted by reference numeral 60 connects the adjacent disc-shaped power transmission devices between the water turbines by using a power coupling device denoted by reference numeral 62. By crossing the power coupling devices in a figure eight shape, the adjacent disk-shaped power transmission devices can be reversely rotated. The disk-shaped power transmission device is rotated by a water turbine rotating shaft 13. Since each disk-shaped power transmission device can be connected to only two units, the disk-shaped power transmission device connected to a turbine other than the most upstream turbine and the most downstream turbine is connected to one turbine rotation shaft. Two are provided. Further, since either the most upstream turbine or the most downstream turbine transmits power to the generator by the externally connected power transmission device denoted by reference numeral 63, the turbine of either the most upstream turbine or the most downstream turbine is used. Two of the disk-shaped power transmission devices provided on the rotation shaft are provided for one turbine rotation shaft. In FIG. 5, power is transmitted from the most downstream water turbine to the outside. Although it is possible to transmit power from the turbines other than the most upstream turbine and the most downstream turbine to the outside, three disc-shaped power transmission devices are required for one turbine rotation shaft. Since the overall dimension increases in the direction of the turbine rotation axis, this is contrary to space saving, which is one of the problems of the present invention.

  There are many possible combinations of the disc-shaped power transmission device 61 and the crossed power coupling device 62. The former is a pulley and the latter is a belt. The former is a toothed pulley and the latter is a toothed belt. The former is a chain wheel and the latter is a chain wheel. Etc. In any case, the adjacent disk-shaped power transmission device, more specifically, if the adjacent ones of the water turbines connected to the disk-shaped power transmission device by the turbine rotation shaft of reference numeral 13 can be rotated in reverse. Is possible. The structure inside the water wheel at this time is represented by the BB cross-sectional views of FIGS. 4 and 5 in FIG. 6. Unlike the other two units, the second turbine wheel from the upstream differs from the other two units in the inclination of the turbine blades, the mounting position of the flow path partition plate, and the position where the turbine chamber receiving part is provided. It can be seen that the structure is plane-symmetric with respect to the plane including the central axis and the central axis of the water turbine rotation axis, and is reversely rotated.

  The present invention can be easily installed as long as it is a liquid circulation pipe. For example, for the purpose of circulation, purification, air conditioning, etc. provided in buildings, for the purpose of using middle water by rainwater filtration, or taking water from a river or irrigation water to a position below the riverbed It is also available for facilities.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Water wheel 11 Water wheel side plate 12 Water wheel blade 13 Water wheel rotating shaft 20 Housing 21 Water wheel chamber 22 Water wheel chamber receiving portion 23 Pipe connection jaw 30 Center line 31 of liquid inflow pipe and liquid outflow pipe Liquid inlet 32 Liquid inflow pipe 33 Liquid Outlet 34 Liquid outflow pipe 35 Liquid outflow pipe / liquid inflow pipe 40 Channel partition plate 41 Channel partition plate replacement example 42 Narrowed liquid inflow port 50 Power transmission device 51 Gear 60 Power transmission device 61 Disk-shaped power transmission device 62 Crossed power coupling device 63 Externally connected power transmission device

Claims (6)

A water turbine that is rotatable outside a housing and is provided with a power transmission device and that is rotatable about a water turbine rotating shaft, a water turbine chamber having substantially the same size and volume as the water turbine, and a side surface of the water turbine chamber having the same opening area. A cylindrical liquid inflow pipe, a cylindrical liquid outflow pipe, and a connecting portion between the water turbine chamber and the liquid inlet, which are arranged to face each other at a position where an imaginary line segment connecting the centers thereof overlaps the diameter of the water turbine. A water turbine chamber receiving portion provided as a space in which the circumferential portion of the water turbine chamber is enlarged from the liquid inlet toward the rotation direction, and ½ or more of a cross-sectional area of the liquid inlet is closed and the water turbine A vertical flow-path type cross-flow water turbine configured to be exchangeable at the liquid inlet so as to reliably close the half surface in the reverse rotation direction with respect to the rotation shaft, Upstream of two adjacent turbines that can be accommodated in series The water turbine having a casing that shares the liquid outflow pipe of the car and the liquid inflow pipe of the downstream water turbine, and the water turbine provided in the even number from the upstream side is the same as the water wheel provided in the odd number from the upstream side. The flow path partition plate provided with even numbered turbine blades from the upstream side with the water turbine blades in the reverse direction, and the flow path partition plate provided at the odd number level from the upstream side and the central axis of the liquid inflow pipe And the structure of the water turbine chamber and the water turbine chamber receiving portion are also provided on the odd-numbered stage from the upstream side. The structure of the water turbine chamber and the water receiving portion of the water turbine chamber and the plane including the central axis of the liquid inflow pipe and the central axis of the water turbine rotating shaft are plane-symmetrical, and the number of water turbines to be accommodated therein is changed. To change the number of turbines used and make the energy recovery efficiency variable. Wherein the vertical channel type cross-flow water turbine The vertical flow crossflow water turbine according to claim 1, further comprising aggregating the rotational force of the power transmission device into any one of the power transmission devices, so that the number of generators to be used is one. The vertical flow type cross-flow turbine according to claim 1, wherein The vertical flow crossflow turbine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein gears having the same diameter and the same number of teeth are used as the power transmission device, and the turbine rotation shaft of an adjacent turbine is used. The vertical flow type crossflow water turbine according to claim 1, wherein the gears are provided so as to mesh with each other. The vertical flow crossflow turbine according to claim 1, wherein a pulley is used as the power transmission device, and a belt that connects adjacent pulleys is crossed in an 8-shape. The vertical flow type crossflow water turbine according to claim 1 or 2. The vertical flow crossflow water turbine according to claim 1, wherein a toothed pulley is used as the power transmission device, and a toothed belt that connects adjacent pulleys is crossed in an 8-shape. The vertical flow type crossflow water turbine according to claim 1 or 2, It is a vertical flow type cross flow water turbine according to claim 1, wherein a chain wheel is used as the power transmission device, and a chain connecting adjacent chain wheels is crossed in an 8-shape. The vertical flow type cross flow water turbine according to claim 1 or 2.

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