JP2013155997A - Oxygen combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler and temperature control device of the same - Google Patents

Oxygen combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler and temperature control device of the same Download PDF

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JP2013155997A
JP2013155997A JP2012019439A JP2012019439A JP2013155997A JP 2013155997 A JP2013155997 A JP 2013155997A JP 2012019439 A JP2012019439 A JP 2012019439A JP 2012019439 A JP2012019439 A JP 2012019439A JP 2013155997 A JP2013155997 A JP 2013155997A
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Takuya Okada
卓哉 岡田
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable both of complete combustion of fuel in a riser combustor, and stable heat recovery of high efficiency in a fluidized bed boiler, to be simultaneously achieved.SOLUTION: An oxygen combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler includes an exhaust gas boiler 18 making vapor by introducing an exhaust gas 13 mainly made of carbon dioxide separated by a separator 12, a circulation pump 23 for extracting the exhaust gas 13 at a downstream of an exhaust gas boiler 18 as a recirculated exhaust gas 22, a first gas supply means 26 adjusting and supplying the recirculated exhaust gas 22 to a diffusion chamber 4 to which oxygen 6 of a lower combustion part 1a of a riser combustor 1 is supplied, and forming an allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 in the lower combustion part 1a, and a second gas supply means 29 adjusting and supplying the recirculated exhaust gas 22 to an upper combustion part 1b, and forming a particle temperature adjustment zone 28 in the upper combustion part 1b. The upper combustion part 1b of a diameter larger than that of the lower combustion part 1a is formed on an upper part of the lower combustion part 1a through a diameter expansion part 2, and the second gas supply means 29 is connected to the diameter expansion part 2.

Description

本発明は、酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ及びその温度制御装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler and a temperature control device thereof.

従来から一般的に実施されているボイラは空気燃焼が殆どであり、このような空気燃焼によるボイラでは、空気中の窒素分による顕熱損失のために熱効率が低下するという問題があった。このため、燃焼による熱効率を向上させる一手法として、酸素富化燃焼が考えられている。酸素富化燃焼では、空気燃焼に比して相対的に窒素分が減少するため、顕熱損失が低下して熱効率が向上することが分かっている。   Conventionally, boilers that have been generally used are mostly air-fired, and such air-fired boilers have a problem that thermal efficiency is reduced due to sensible heat loss due to nitrogen in the air. For this reason, oxygen-enriched combustion is considered as one method for improving the thermal efficiency by combustion. It has been found that in oxygen-enriched combustion, the nitrogen content is relatively reduced compared to air combustion, so that sensible heat loss is reduced and thermal efficiency is improved.

一方、近年ではボイラ等において、純酸素燃焼や純酸素燃焼+排ガス再循環が提案されており、このような酸素燃焼方法を採用した場合には、排ガスがすべて二酸化炭素(CO)となり、二酸化炭素分離装置を設けることなしに二酸化炭素を回収できるため、有効な方法として注目されている。 On the other hand, in recent years, pure oxygen combustion or pure oxygen combustion + exhaust gas recirculation has been proposed in boilers and the like. When such an oxygen combustion method is adopted, all exhaust gas becomes carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), Since carbon dioxide can be recovered without providing a carbon separator, it has been attracting attention as an effective method.

ここで、純酸素燃焼による循環流動層ボイラは特許文献1に記載されており、又、循環流動層ボイラではないが、排ガス再循環を行うようにした酸素燃焼ボイラは特許文献2に記載されている。   Here, a circulating fluidized bed boiler based on pure oxygen combustion is described in Patent Document 1, and an oxyfuel combustion boiler that performs exhaust gas recirculation is described in Patent Document 2, although it is not a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Yes.

特開2011−047524号公報JP 2011-047524 A 特開2007−147162号公報JP 2007-147162 A

循環流動層ボイラにおいて、燃料を酸素燃焼させて流動粒子を加熱するようにした場合には、ライザー燃焼器内が非常に高温となる問題があるため、ライザー燃焼器に酸素を供給すると共に、循環流動層ボイラ下流の温度が低下した排ガスを再循環排ガスとしてライザー燃焼器に供給することにより、循環流動層ボイラ内の温度を安全域に低下させて燃料が完全燃焼するのに適した温度(許容燃焼温度)に調整することが考えられる。   In a circulating fluidized bed boiler, when the fuel is burned with oxygen and the fluidized particles are heated, there is a problem that the temperature inside the riser combustor becomes very high. By supplying the exhaust gas whose temperature is lowered downstream of the fluidized bed boiler to the riser combustor as recirculated exhaust gas, the temperature within the circulating fluidized bed boiler is lowered to a safe range and the fuel is suitable for complete combustion (allowable) It is conceivable to adjust the combustion temperature.

一方、ライザー燃焼器内で加熱された流動粒子は、分離機を介して流動層ボイラに供給され熱回収することにより蒸気が製造されるが、流動層ボイラの伝熱管等は高温に耐えることができないため、流動層ボイラに供給される流動粒子の温度は、流動層ボイラの伝熱管等が保護され、しかも高効率での熱回収が可能な上限のボイラ要求温度に維持する必要がある。   On the other hand, the fluidized particles heated in the riser combustor are supplied to the fluidized bed boiler via a separator and recovered by heat to produce steam. However, the heat transfer tubes of the fluidized bed boiler can withstand high temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the fluidized particles supplied to the fluidized bed boiler at the upper limit required boiler temperature that protects the heat transfer tubes of the fluidized bed boiler and enables heat recovery with high efficiency.

このように、循環流動層ボイラにおいては、ライザー燃焼器内で燃料を完全燃焼させること、及び、流動層ボイラでの熱回収を高効率で且つ安定して行うことが要求される。   As described above, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, it is required that the fuel is completely burned in the riser combustor and that the heat recovery in the fluidized bed boiler is performed efficiently and stably.

しかし、前記したように、ライザー燃焼器内の温度を燃料が完全燃焼するのに適した許容燃焼温度に調整した場合には、流動層ボイラに供給されて熱回収する流動粒子の温度が流動層ボイラの要求温度を超えることが考えられるが、流動層ボイラに供給される流動粒子の温度を調節することはできない。   However, as described above, when the temperature in the riser combustor is adjusted to an allowable combustion temperature suitable for complete combustion of the fuel, the temperature of the fluidized particles supplied to the fluidized bed boiler for heat recovery is the fluidized bed. Although it is possible to exceed the required temperature of the boiler, the temperature of the fluidized particles supplied to the fluidized bed boiler cannot be adjusted.

又、前記流動層ボイラは、一定量で供給される流動粒子によって安定した熱回収を行うように設計されているが、流動層ボイラの負荷(出力指令)が変化し、ライザー燃焼器に対する燃料と酸素の供給量が変化した場合には、前記ライザー燃焼器内の温度を前記許容燃焼温度に維持するために再循環排ガスの供給量を調節することになるが、酸素と再循環排ガスの供給の変化によってライザー燃焼器内を流動粒子が吹き上がる空塔速度が大きく変化し、この空塔速度の変化によって流動層ボイラに供給される流動粒子の流量が大きく変化することになり、よって流動層ボイラの出力が大きく変動する問題がある。   In addition, the fluidized bed boiler is designed to perform stable heat recovery with fluidized particles supplied in a constant amount, but the load (output command) of the fluidized bed boiler changes, and the fuel to the riser combustor When the supply amount of oxygen changes, the supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas is adjusted to maintain the temperature in the riser combustor at the allowable combustion temperature. Due to the change, the superficial velocity at which the fluidized particles blow up in the riser combustor changes greatly, and the change in superficial velocity greatly changes the flow rate of the fluidized particles supplied to the fluidized bed boiler. There is a problem that the output of fluctuates greatly.

又、石炭等の燃料の種類が変更して燃料の発熱量が変化した場合にも、ライザー燃焼器内の燃焼温度を前記許容燃焼温度に維持するためには、再循環排ガスの供給量を調節する必要があるため、ライザー燃焼器内の空塔速度は変化し、流動層ボイラに供給される流動粒子の循環量が変化することにより、流動層ボイラの出力が不安定に変動するという問題がある。   In addition, even if the type of fuel, such as coal, changes and the calorific value of the fuel changes, in order to maintain the combustion temperature in the riser combustor at the allowable combustion temperature, the supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas is adjusted. Therefore, there is a problem that the output of the fluidized bed boiler fluctuates in an unstable manner because the superficial velocity in the riser combustor changes and the circulation amount of the fluidized particles supplied to the fluidized bed boiler changes. is there.

従って、酸素燃焼による循環流動層ボイラにおいては、ライザー燃焼器内での燃料の完全燃焼と、流動層ボイラでの高効率で安定した熱回収とを同時に達成することが技術的に難しく、このために、酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラが提案されないのが現状である。   Therefore, in a circulating fluidized bed boiler using oxyfuel combustion, it is technically difficult to achieve both complete combustion of fuel in the riser combustor and highly efficient and stable heat recovery in the fluidized bed boiler. Furthermore, the present situation is that no oxyfuel combustion fluidized bed boiler is proposed.

本発明は、上記従来の問題点に鑑みてなしたもので、ライザー燃焼器内での燃料の完全燃焼と、流動層ボイラでの高効率で安定した熱回収とを同時に達成できるようにした酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ及びその温度制御装置を提供しようとするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and is capable of simultaneously achieving complete combustion of fuel in a riser combustor and highly efficient and stable heat recovery in a fluidized bed boiler. A combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler and a temperature control device therefor are provided.

本発明は、流動粒子を装入したライザー燃焼器底部の散気室に酸素製造装置からの酸素を供給すると共に前記ライザー燃焼器における散気室上部の下側燃焼部に燃料を供給し、燃料の流動燃焼により流動粒子を加熱してライザー燃焼器の上側燃焼部に吹き上げ、吹き上げられた高温流体を分離機に導入して二酸化炭素主体の排ガスと流動粒子とに分離し、前記分離機で分離した流動粒子を流動層ボイラに導入して蒸気を製造し、該流動層ボイラによって温度が低下した流動粒子を前記下側燃焼部に戻すようにしている酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラであって、
前記分離機で分離した二酸化炭素主体の排ガスを導入して蒸気を製造する排ガスボイラと、
該排ガスボイラによって温度が低下した二酸化炭素主体の排ガスを再循環排ガスとして取り出す循環ポンプと、
該循環ポンプからの再循環排ガスを前記散気室に調節して供給することにより前記下側燃焼部に、許容燃焼温度に保持された許容高温燃焼域を形成する第1ガス供給手段と、
前記循環ポンプからの再循環排ガスを前記上側燃焼部に調節して供給することにより上側燃焼部に、流動粒子の温度が流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持された粒子温度調節域を形成する第2ガス供給手段を設け、
前記下側燃焼部の上部に、該下側燃焼部よりも大径の前記上側燃焼部を拡径部を介して形成し、前記拡径部に前記第2ガス供給手段を接続した
ことを特徴とする酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラである。
The present invention supplies oxygen from an oxygen production apparatus to an aeration chamber at the bottom of a riser combustor charged with fluidized particles, and supplies fuel to a lower combustion portion at the upper portion of the aeration chamber in the riser combustor. The fluidized particles are heated by the fluidized combustion and blown up to the upper combustion section of the riser combustor, and the high-temperature fluid blown up is introduced into the separator to separate into the carbon dioxide-based exhaust gas and fluidized particles, which are separated by the separator An oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler that introduces the fluidized particles into a fluidized bed boiler to produce steam, and returns the fluidized particles whose temperature has been lowered by the fluidized bed boiler to the lower combustion section,
An exhaust gas boiler for producing steam by introducing exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide separated by the separator;
A circulation pump for taking out the exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide whose temperature has been lowered by the exhaust gas boiler as recirculated exhaust gas;
First gas supply means for forming an allowable high-temperature combustion zone maintained at an allowable combustion temperature in the lower combustion section by adjusting and supplying recirculated exhaust gas from the circulation pump to the aeration chamber;
By adjusting and supplying the recirculated exhaust gas from the circulation pump to the upper combustion portion, a second temperature adjustment region in which the temperature of the fluidized particles is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler is formed in the upper combustion portion. Providing gas supply means,
The upper combustion part having a diameter larger than that of the lower combustion part is formed on the upper part of the lower combustion part via an enlarged diameter part, and the second gas supply means is connected to the enlarged diameter part. An oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler.

上記酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラにおいて、前記下側燃焼部における前記許容高温燃焼域が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように前記散気室に供給される酸素と第1ガス供給手段からの再循環排ガスによって前記許容高温燃焼域に生じる空塔速度に対して、前記上側燃焼部における前記粒子温度調節域の流動粒子の温度が流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持されるように前記第2ガス供給手段からの再循環排ガスの供給によって前記粒子温度調節域に生じる空塔速度が同等になるよう、前記下側燃焼部と上側燃焼部の径を設定したことは好ましい。   In the oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler, oxygen supplied to the diffuser chamber and recirculated exhaust gas from the first gas supply means so that the allowable high temperature combustion region in the lower combustion section is maintained at an allowable combustion temperature. From the second gas supply means, the temperature of the fluidized particles in the particle temperature control region in the upper combustion part is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler with respect to the superficial velocity generated in the allowable high temperature combustion region. It is preferable that the diameters of the lower combustion part and the upper combustion part are set so that the superficial velocities generated in the particle temperature control region are equal by the supply of the recirculated exhaust gas.

又、上記酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラにおいて、前記拡径部に接続する前記第2ガス供給手段が、拡径部の周方向複数箇所から再循環排ガスを供給するマニホールドを有することは好ましい。   In the oxyfuel circulating fluidized bed boiler, it is preferable that the second gas supply means connected to the enlarged diameter portion has a manifold for supplying recirculated exhaust gas from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the enlarged diameter portion.

又、上記酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラにおいて、前記マニホールドは上下複数段に備えられていてもよい。   In the oxyfuel circulating fluidized bed boiler, the manifold may be provided in a plurality of stages.

又、上記酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラにおいて、前記循環ポンプによって取り出される残りの排ガスを導入して二酸化炭素を回収する二酸化炭素回収装置を有することは好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the oxyfuel circulating fluidized bed boiler has a carbon dioxide recovery device that introduces the remaining exhaust gas taken out by the circulation pump and recovers carbon dioxide.

本発明は、前記酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの温度制御装置であって、前記許容高温燃焼域の温度を計測する第1温度計測手段と、前記粒子温度調節域の温度を計測する第2温度計測手段と、前記燃料の発熱量を計測する発熱量計測手段を設けると共に、
前記発熱量計測手段からの燃料の発熱量と前記第1温度計測手段からの検出温度に基づいて、前記許容高温燃焼域が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように前記酸素製造装置から前記散気室に供給する前記酸素に対して前記第1ガス供給手段から前記散気室に供給する前記再循環排ガスの供給割合を調節し、且つ、前記第2温度計測手段からの検出温度に基づいて、前記粒子温度調節域の粒子温度が前記流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持されるように前記第2ガス供給手段から前記拡径部への再循環排ガスの供給を調節する制御器を設けた
ことを特徴とする酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの温度制御装置である。
The present invention provides a temperature control device for the oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler, the first temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the allowable high temperature combustion zone, and the second temperature measurement for measuring the temperature of the particle temperature regulation zone. And a calorific value measuring means for measuring the calorific value of the fuel,
Based on the calorific value of the fuel from the calorific value measuring means and the detected temperature from the first temperature measuring means, the diffuser chamber is provided from the oxygen production apparatus so that the allowable high temperature combustion zone is maintained at the allowable combustion temperature. Adjusting the supply ratio of the recirculated exhaust gas supplied from the first gas supply means to the diffuser chamber with respect to the oxygen supplied to the gas, and based on the detected temperature from the second temperature measurement means, A controller is provided for adjusting the supply of recirculated exhaust gas from the second gas supply means to the enlarged diameter portion so that the particle temperature in the particle temperature adjustment region is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler. It is the temperature control apparatus of the oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler.

本発明によれば、ライザー燃焼器内での燃料の完全燃焼と、流動層ボイラでの高効率で安定した熱回収とを同時に達成できるという優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve an excellent effect that complete combustion of fuel in a riser combustor and highly efficient and stable heat recovery in a fluidized bed boiler can be simultaneously achieved.

本発明の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの一実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Example of the oxygen combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler of this invention. (a)は図1のライザー燃焼器の構成を示す切断側面図、(b)は(a)のIIB−IIB方向断面図である。(A) is the cut | disconnected side view which shows the structure of the riser combustor of FIG. 1, (b) is the IIB-IIB direction sectional drawing of (a).

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図示例と共に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1、図2は本発明の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの一実施例を示しており、図中、1はライザー燃焼器である。ライザー燃焼器1は、小径の下側燃焼部1aの上部に、上方へ向かって拡径された拡径部2を介して、前記下側燃焼部1aよりも大径の上側燃焼部1bが形成してあり、前記ライザー燃焼器1内には流動粒子3が装入されている。   1 and 2 show an embodiment of an oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention, in which 1 is a riser combustor. In the riser combustor 1, an upper combustion portion 1b having a diameter larger than that of the lower combustion portion 1a is formed on the upper portion of the lower combustion portion 1a having a small diameter via a diameter expansion portion 2 that is expanded upward. In the riser combustor 1, fluidized particles 3 are charged.

更に、前記下側燃焼部1aの底部には散気板4aを介して散気室4が形成してあり、該散気室4には酸素製造装置5からの酸素6が供給されている。又、前記下側燃焼部1aには、燃料ホッパ7からの石炭等の燃料8をロータリバルブ等の燃料供給器9によって供給するようにした燃料供給装置10が接続されている。   Furthermore, a diffuser chamber 4 is formed at the bottom of the lower combustion section 1a via a diffuser plate 4a, and oxygen 6 from an oxygen production apparatus 5 is supplied to the diffuser chamber 4. Further, a fuel supply device 10 is connected to the lower combustion section 1a so that fuel 8 such as coal from the fuel hopper 7 is supplied by a fuel supplier 9 such as a rotary valve.

前記燃料供給装置10によってライザー燃焼器1の下側燃焼部1aに供給された燃料8は、散気室4から供給される酸素6によって流動粒子3と共に流動燃焼することにより流動粒子3を加熱しつつライザー燃焼器1内を吹き上げるように流動し、吹上げられた高温流体11は上側燃焼部1bの上端から分離機12に導入されて流動粒子3と二酸化炭素主体の排ガス13とに分離される。   The fuel 8 supplied to the lower combustion part 1a of the riser combustor 1 by the fuel supply device 10 heats the fluidized particles 3 by fluidly burning with the fluidized particles 3 by the oxygen 6 supplied from the diffuser chamber 4. While flowing in the riser combustor 1, the hot fluid 11 blown up is introduced into the separator 12 from the upper end of the upper combustion section 1b and separated into the fluidized particles 3 and the exhaust gas 13 mainly composed of carbon dioxide. .

前記分離機12で分離された流動粒子3は、流動層ボイラ14に導入されることにより熱回収されて蒸気を製造し、該流動層ボイラ14で熱を放出して温度が低下した流動粒子3は前記下側燃焼部1aに戻されるように構成されている。図1中、15は、流動層ボイラ14の流動粒子3を下側燃焼部1aに戻す傾斜した流路16に設けたループシール、17は、ホッパ17a内の流動粒子3を粒子供給器17bにより前記傾斜した流路16に供給してライザー燃焼器1内の流動粒子3の不足分を補充するための流動粒子供給装置である。   The fluidized particles 3 separated by the separator 12 are heat-recovered by being introduced into the fluidized bed boiler 14 to produce steam, and the fluidized particles 3 whose temperature is lowered by releasing heat from the fluidized bed boiler 14. Is configured to be returned to the lower combustion section 1a. In FIG. 1, 15 is a loop seal provided in the inclined flow path 16 for returning the fluidized particles 3 of the fluidized bed boiler 14 to the lower combustion section 1a, and 17 is the fluidized particles 3 in the hopper 17a by a particle supplier 17b. 2 is a fluidized particle supply device for supplying the inclined flow path 16 to replenish the shortage of fluidized particles 3 in the riser combustor 1.

前記分離機12で分離した二酸化炭素主体の排ガス13は、排ガスボイラ18に導入することにより蒸気を製造し、該排ガスボイラ18で熱回収された排ガス13は、バグフィルタ等の集塵器19、脱硫・脱硝装置20を経て二酸化炭素回収装置21に導かれる。   The exhaust gas 13 mainly composed of carbon dioxide separated by the separator 12 is introduced into an exhaust gas boiler 18 to produce steam, and the exhaust gas 13 heat recovered by the exhaust gas boiler 18 is collected in a dust collector 19 such as a bag filter, It is guided to a carbon dioxide recovery device 21 through a desulfurization / denitration device 20.

前記排ガスボイラ18によって温度が低下し、集塵器19によって脱塵された二酸化炭素主体の排ガス13の一部は、循環ポンプ23により再循環排ガス22として外部に取り出すようにしている。   A part of the carbon dioxide-based exhaust gas 13 whose temperature is lowered by the exhaust gas boiler 18 and is removed by the dust collector 19 is taken out as a recirculated exhaust gas 22 by the circulation pump 23.

前記循環ポンプ23の下流には、再循環排ガス22を調節弁24を介して前記散気室4に供給することにより、前記下側燃焼部1aに、燃焼が可能な上限温度である許容燃焼温度に保持された許容高温燃焼域25を形成するための第1ガス供給手段26を設ける。   An allowable combustion temperature that is an upper limit temperature at which combustion is possible in the lower combustion section 1a by supplying the recirculated exhaust gas 22 to the diffuser chamber 4 via the control valve 24 downstream of the circulation pump 23. The first gas supply means 26 is provided for forming the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 held in the chamber.

又、前記循環ポンプ23の下流には、再循環排ガス22を前記拡径部2に調節弁27を介して供給することにより、上側燃焼部1bに、流動粒子3の温度を流動層ボイラ14の要求温度に保持された粒子温度調節域28を形成するための第2ガス供給手段29を設ける。30は、酸素製造装置5から散気室4に供給する酸素6の供給を調節する調節弁である。   Further, downstream of the circulation pump 23, the recirculated exhaust gas 22 is supplied to the enlarged diameter portion 2 via a control valve 27, whereby the temperature of the fluidized particles 3 is supplied to the upper combustion portion 1b of the fluidized bed boiler 14. A second gas supply means 29 is provided for forming the particle temperature adjustment zone 28 maintained at the required temperature. Reference numeral 30 denotes a regulating valve that regulates the supply of oxygen 6 supplied from the oxygen production apparatus 5 to the diffuser chamber 4.

更に、図1には、酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの温度制御装置が備えられている。温度制御装置は、前記燃料8の発熱量を計測する発熱量計測手段31と、前記下側燃焼部1aにおける許容高温燃焼域25の温度を検出する第1温度計32(第1温度計測手段)と、前記上側燃焼部1bにおける粒子温度調節域28の温度を検出する第2温度計33(第2温度計測手段)とを備え、前記発熱量計測手段31による発熱量31aと、前記第1温度計32による許容高温燃焼域25の検出温度32aと、前記第2温度計33による粒子温度調節域28の検出温度33aを入力する制御器34が設けてあり、更に、該制御器34には出力指令35(MWD)が入力されている。   Further, FIG. 1 is provided with a temperature control device of an oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler. The temperature control device includes a calorific value measuring means 31 for measuring the calorific value of the fuel 8, and a first thermometer 32 (first temperature measuring means) for detecting the temperature of the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 in the lower combustion section 1a. And a second thermometer 33 (second temperature measuring means) for detecting the temperature of the particle temperature adjustment region 28 in the upper combustion section 1b, and a calorific value 31a by the calorific value measuring means 31, and the first temperature A controller 34 is provided for inputting the detected temperature 32a of the allowable high temperature combustion region 25 by the meter 32 and the detected temperature 33a of the particle temperature adjustment region 28 by the second thermometer 33, and further outputs to the controller 34. Command 35 (MWD) is input.

前記制御器34は、出力指令35に基づいて、流動層ボイラ14が所定の出力を保持するように、燃料供給器9により前記下側燃焼部1aに供給する燃料8の供給量を制御すると共に、燃料8の供給量に見合った酸素6が散気室4に供給されるように調節弁30を制御する。   Based on the output command 35, the controller 34 controls the amount of fuel 8 supplied to the lower combustion section 1a by the fuel supplier 9 so that the fluidized bed boiler 14 maintains a predetermined output. The control valve 30 is controlled so that the oxygen 6 corresponding to the supply amount of the fuel 8 is supplied to the aeration chamber 4.

更に、制御器34は、前記下側燃焼部1aにおける前記許容高温燃焼域25が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように、前記第1ガス供給手段26の調節弁24により散気室4に供給する再循環排ガス22の供給量を制御する。このとき、出力指令35が最大値(最大指令)のときを基準として、前記許容高温燃焼域25が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように制御することができる。   Further, the controller 34 supplies the diffuser chamber 4 with the control valve 24 of the first gas supply means 26 so that the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 in the lower combustion section 1a is maintained at the allowable combustion temperature. The supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas 22 is controlled. At this time, the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 can be controlled to be held at the allowable combustion temperature with reference to the time when the output command 35 is the maximum value (maximum command).

又、制御器34は、前記上側燃焼部1bにおける前記粒子温度調節域28が流動層ボイラ14の要求温度に保持されるように、前記第2ガス供給手段29の調節弁27により拡径部2に供給する再循環排ガス22の供給量を制御する。   Further, the controller 34 adjusts the diameter expansion portion 2 by the adjustment valve 27 of the second gas supply means 29 so that the particle temperature adjustment region 28 in the upper combustion portion 1b is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler 14. The supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas 22 to be supplied to is controlled.

この時、前記下側燃焼部1aの散気室4に前記酸素製造装置5からの酸素6と前記第1ガス供給手段26からの再循環排ガス22が供給されて、燃料8が燃焼することによって前記許容高温燃焼域25に生じる空塔速度V1に対して、前記上側燃焼部1bにおける前記粒子温度調節域28の流動粒子3の温度が流動層ボイラ14の要求温度に保持されるように前記第2ガス供給手段29により再循環排ガス22を拡径部2に供給することによって前記粒子温度調節域28に生じる空塔速度V2が同等になるように、前記下側燃焼部1a径D1(断面積)と上側燃焼部1bの径D2(断面積)を設定する。   At this time, the oxygen 6 from the oxygen production device 5 and the recirculated exhaust gas 22 from the first gas supply means 26 are supplied to the diffuser chamber 4 of the lower combustion section 1a, and the fuel 8 burns. With respect to the superficial velocity V1 generated in the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25, the temperature of the fluidized particles 3 in the particle temperature control zone 28 in the upper combustion section 1b is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler 14. The lower combustion part 1a diameter D1 (cross-sectional area) is set so that the superficial velocity V2 generated in the particle temperature control region 28 becomes equal by supplying the recirculated exhaust gas 22 to the enlarged diameter part 2 by the two gas supply means 29. ) And the diameter D2 (cross-sectional area) of the upper combustion portion 1b.

又、前記拡径部2に接続する前記第2ガス供給手段29は、図2(a)、(b)に示す如く、拡径部2の周方向複数箇所から再循環排ガス22を供給する複数の供給口36を備えた例えば環状のマニホールド37を有している。更に、前記マニホールド37は、図2(a)に示すように拡径部2に対して上下複数段に備えてもよい。   Further, the second gas supply means 29 connected to the enlarged diameter portion 2 is supplied with a plurality of recirculated exhaust gases 22 from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the enlarged diameter portion 2 as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). For example, an annular manifold 37 having a supply port 36 is provided. Furthermore, the manifold 37 may be provided in a plurality of stages above and below the enlarged diameter portion 2 as shown in FIG.

次に、上記実施例の作動を説明する。   Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

前記制御器34は、出力指令35に基づいて、流動層ボイラ14が所定の出力を保持するように、燃料供給器9により前記下側燃焼部1aに供給する燃料8の供給量を制御すると共に、前記燃料8の供給量に見合った酸素6が散気室4に供給されるように調節弁30を制御する。   Based on the output command 35, the controller 34 controls the amount of fuel 8 supplied to the lower combustion section 1a by the fuel supplier 9 so that the fluidized bed boiler 14 maintains a predetermined output. The control valve 30 is controlled so that oxygen 6 corresponding to the supply amount of the fuel 8 is supplied to the aeration chamber 4.

更に、制御器34は、前記下側燃焼部1aにおける前記許容高温燃焼域25が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように、前記第1ガス供給手段26の調節弁24を調節して散気室4に供給する再循環排ガス22の供給量を制御する。従って、前記許容高温燃焼域25では許容燃焼温度が保持されて燃焼するので、下側燃焼部1aが高温から保護されると共に、燃料8が前記許容高温燃焼域25において完全燃焼され、排ガス13に一酸化炭素及び未燃分が混入するのが防止される。   Further, the controller 34 adjusts the control valve 24 of the first gas supply means 26 so that the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 in the lower combustion section 1a is maintained at the allowable combustion temperature. The supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas 22 supplied to is controlled. Accordingly, since the allowable combustion temperature is maintained in the allowable high temperature combustion region 25 and combustion is performed, the lower combustion portion 1a is protected from high temperature, and the fuel 8 is completely combusted in the allowable high temperature combustion region 25 and becomes the exhaust gas 13. Mixing of carbon monoxide and unburned components is prevented.

又、制御器34は、前記上側燃焼部1bにおける前記粒子温度調節域28が流動層ボイラ14の要求温度に保持されるように、前記第2ガス供給手段29の調節弁27を調節して拡径部2に供給する再循環排ガス22の供給量を制御する。従って、流動層ボイラ14には、前記粒子温度調節域28において流動層ボイラ14の要求温度に温度が調整された流動粒子3が供給されるので、流動層ボイラ14の伝熱管等が高温から保護されると共に、流動層ボイラ14による高効率での蒸気の製造が行われる。   The controller 34 adjusts the control valve 27 of the second gas supply means 29 so that the particle temperature adjustment region 28 in the upper combustion section 1b is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler 14. The supply amount of the recirculated exhaust gas 22 supplied to the diameter portion 2 is controlled. Therefore, the fluidized bed boiler 14 is supplied with the fluidized particles 3 whose temperature has been adjusted to the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler 14 in the particle temperature control region 28, so that the heat transfer tubes and the like of the fluidized bed boiler 14 are protected from high temperatures. At the same time, steam is produced with high efficiency by the fluidized bed boiler 14.

この時、前記許容高温燃焼域25に生じる空塔速度V1に対して、前記粒子温度調節域28に生じる空塔速度V2が同等になるように、前記下側燃焼部1aの径D1(断面積)と上側燃焼部1bの径D2(断面積)を予め設定して構成しているので、ライザー燃焼器1内の空塔速度を大きく変動させることなく、前記許容高温燃焼域25と前記粒子温度調節域28の温度を制御できる。   At this time, the diameter D1 (cross-sectional area) of the lower combustion portion 1a is set so that the superficial velocity V2 generated in the particle temperature control region 28 is equal to the superficial velocity V1 generated in the allowable high temperature combustion region 25. ) And the diameter D2 (cross-sectional area) of the upper combustion portion 1b are set in advance, so that the allowable high-temperature combustion zone 25 and the particle temperature can be reduced without greatly changing the superficial velocity in the riser combustor 1. The temperature of the adjustment zone 28 can be controlled.

即ち、温度制御された前記許容高温燃焼域25が形成される下側燃焼部1aの上部に、下側燃焼部1aの径D1よりも拡径した上側燃焼部1bを形成することにより、上側燃焼部1b内の空塔速度を前記許容高温燃焼域25の空塔速度V1よりも一旦下げるようにし、この上側燃焼部1b内に、前記第2ガス供給手段29からの再循環排ガス22を供給することによって、温度制御された前記粒子温度調節域28を形成すると同時に、粒子温度調節域28の空塔速度V2が前記許容高温燃焼域25の空塔速度V1と同等になるように制御するので、前記流動層ボイラ14の負荷が変動した場合、及び、石炭等の燃料8の種類が変更することによって燃料8の発熱量が変化した場合にも、従来の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラに備えられるライザー燃焼器に比して、ライザー燃焼器1内における空塔速度の変動は小さく抑えられるようになる。   That is, the upper combustion portion 1b having a diameter larger than the diameter D1 of the lower combustion portion 1a is formed on the upper portion of the lower combustion portion 1a where the temperature-controlled allowable high temperature combustion zone 25 is formed, thereby causing the upper combustion. The superficial velocity in the portion 1b is temporarily lowered below the superficial velocity V1 in the allowable high temperature combustion zone 25, and the recirculated exhaust gas 22 from the second gas supply means 29 is supplied into the upper combustion portion 1b. As a result, the temperature controlled particle temperature control region 28 is formed, and at the same time, the superficial velocity V2 of the particle temperature control region 28 is controlled to be equal to the superficial velocity V1 of the allowable high temperature combustion region 25. A riser provided in a conventional oxyfuel circulating fluidized bed boiler also when the load of the fluidized bed boiler 14 fluctuates and when the amount of heat generated by the fuel 8 is changed by changing the type of the fuel 8 such as coal. Compared to shrink device, variation of the superficial velocity in the riser combustor 1 is as kept small.

又、前記粒子温度調節域28の温度の変化が可能な範囲において、前記第2ガス供給手段29によって拡径部2に供給する再循環排ガス22の流量を調整することにより、空塔速度V2を変化させて、流動層ボイラ14に供給する流動粒子3の循環量を制御することもできる。   Further, by adjusting the flow rate of the recirculated exhaust gas 22 supplied to the enlarged diameter portion 2 by the second gas supply means 29 within a range in which the temperature of the particle temperature control region 28 can be changed, the superficial velocity V2 is set. It is also possible to control the circulation amount of the fluidized particles 3 to be supplied to the fluidized bed boiler 14 by changing it.

前記拡径部2に、前記第2ガス供給手段29に備えた環状のマニホールド37を介して再循環排ガス22を供給すると、上側燃焼部1bの周方向に再循環排ガス22が均等に供給され、前記粒子温度調節域28の温度及び空塔速度V2を均一な状態とすることができる。   When the recirculated exhaust gas 22 is supplied to the enlarged diameter portion 2 via the annular manifold 37 provided in the second gas supply means 29, the recirculated exhaust gas 22 is evenly supplied in the circumferential direction of the upper combustion portion 1b. The temperature of the particle temperature control region 28 and the superficial velocity V2 can be made uniform.

前記循環ポンプ23によって取り出した残りの排ガス13は、二酸化炭素回収装置21によって例えば液化二酸化炭素として回収することができる。   The remaining exhaust gas 13 taken out by the circulation pump 23 can be recovered, for example, as liquefied carbon dioxide by the carbon dioxide recovery device 21.

尚、本発明の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ及びその温度制御装置は、上述の実施例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler and the temperature control device thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. is there.

1 ライザー燃焼器
1a 下側燃焼部
1b 上側燃焼部
2 拡径部
3 流動粒子
4 散気室
5 酸素製造装置
6 酸素
10 燃料供給装置
11 高温流体
12 分離機
13 排ガス
14 流動層ボイラ
18 排ガスボイラ
21 二酸化炭素回収装置
22 再循環排ガス
23 循環ポンプ
25 許容高温燃焼域
26 第1ガス供給手段
28 粒子温度調節域
29 第2ガス供給手段
31 発熱量計測手段
31a 発熱量
32 第1温度計(第1温度計測手段)
32a 検出温度
33 第2温度計(第2温度計測手段)
33a 検出温度
34 制御器
36 供給口
37 マニホールド
D1 径
D2 径
V1 空塔速度
V2 空塔速度
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Riser combustor 1a Lower combustion part 1b Upper combustion part 2 Expanded diameter part 3 Fluidized particle 4 Aeration chamber 5 Oxygen production apparatus 6 Oxygen 10 Fuel supply apparatus 11 High temperature fluid 12 Separator 13 Exhaust gas 14 Fluidized bed boiler 18 Exhaust gas boiler 21 Carbon dioxide recovery device 22 Recirculated exhaust gas 23 Circulation pump 25 Permissible high temperature combustion zone 26 First gas supply means 28 Particle temperature adjustment zone 29 Second gas supply means 31 Heat generation amount measurement means 31a Heat generation amount 32 First thermometer (first temperature) Measuring means)
32a Detected temperature 33 Second thermometer (second temperature measuring means)
33a Detection temperature 34 Controller 36 Supply port 37 Manifold D1 diameter D2 diameter V1 superficial velocity V2 superficial velocity

Claims (6)

流動粒子を装入したライザー燃焼器底部の散気室に酸素製造装置からの酸素を供給すると共に前記ライザー燃焼器における散気室上部の下側燃焼部に燃料を供給し、燃料の流動燃焼により流動粒子を加熱してライザー燃焼器の上側燃焼部に吹き上げ、吹き上げられた高温流体を分離機に導入して二酸化炭素主体の排ガスと流動粒子とに分離し、前記分離機で分離した流動粒子を流動層ボイラに導入して蒸気を製造し、該流動層ボイラによって温度が低下した流動粒子を前記下側燃焼部に戻すようにしている酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラであって、
前記分離機で分離した二酸化炭素主体の排ガスを導入して蒸気を製造する排ガスボイラと、
該排ガスボイラによって温度が低下した二酸化炭素主体の排ガスを再循環排ガスとして取り出す循環ポンプと、
該循環ポンプからの再循環排ガスを前記散気室に調節して供給することにより前記下側燃焼部に、許容燃焼温度に保持された許容高温燃焼域を形成する第1ガス供給手段と、
前記循環ポンプからの再循環排ガスを前記上側燃焼部に調節して供給することにより上側燃焼部に、流動粒子の温度が流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持された粒子温度調節域を形成する第2ガス供給手段を設け、
前記下側燃焼部の上部に、該下側燃焼部よりも大径の前記上側燃焼部を拡径部を介して形成し、前記拡径部に前記第2ガス供給手段を接続した
ことを特徴とする酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ。
Oxygen from the oxygen production apparatus is supplied to the diffuser chamber at the bottom of the riser combustor charged with fluidized particles, and fuel is supplied to the lower combustion portion at the top of the diffuser chamber in the riser combustor. The fluidized particles are heated and blown up to the upper combustion section of the riser combustor, and the blown-up high-temperature fluid is introduced into the separator to separate the carbon dioxide-based exhaust gas and fluidized particles. The fluidized particles separated by the separator are An oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler that introduces steam into a fluidized bed boiler to produce fluidized particles whose temperature has been lowered by the fluidized bed boiler and returns the fluidized particles to the lower combustion section,
An exhaust gas boiler for producing steam by introducing exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide separated by the separator;
A circulation pump for taking out the exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide whose temperature has been lowered by the exhaust gas boiler as recirculated exhaust gas;
First gas supply means for forming an allowable high-temperature combustion zone maintained at an allowable combustion temperature in the lower combustion section by adjusting and supplying recirculated exhaust gas from the circulation pump to the aeration chamber;
By adjusting and supplying the recirculated exhaust gas from the circulation pump to the upper combustion portion, a second temperature adjustment region in which the temperature of the fluidized particles is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler is formed in the upper combustion portion. Providing gas supply means,
The upper combustion part having a diameter larger than that of the lower combustion part is formed on the upper part of the lower combustion part via an enlarged diameter part, and the second gas supply means is connected to the enlarged diameter part. Oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler.
前記下側燃焼部における前記許容高温燃焼域が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように前記散気室に供給される酸素と第1ガス供給手段からの再循環排ガスによって前記許容高温燃焼域に生じる空塔速度に対して、前記上側燃焼部における前記粒子温度調節域の流動粒子の温度が流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持されるように前記第2ガス供給手段からの再循環排ガスの供給によって前記粒子温度調節域に生じる空塔速度が同等になるよう、前記下側燃焼部と上側燃焼部の径を設定したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ。   Air generated in the allowable high temperature combustion region by oxygen supplied to the diffuser chamber and the recirculated exhaust gas from the first gas supply means so that the allowable high temperature combustion region in the lower combustion section is maintained at the allowable combustion temperature. By supplying the recirculated exhaust gas from the second gas supply means such that the temperature of the fluidized particles in the particle temperature control region in the upper combustion section is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler with respect to the tower speed. The oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the lower combustion part and the upper combustion part are set so that superficial velocities generated in the temperature control region are equal. 前記拡径部に接続する前記第2ガス供給手段が、拡径部の周方向複数箇所から再循環排ガスを供給するマニホールドを有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ。   3. The oxygen combustion circulation flow according to claim 1, wherein the second gas supply means connected to the enlarged diameter portion has a manifold for supplying recirculated exhaust gas from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the enlarged diameter portion. Layer boiler. 前記マニホールドが上下複数段に備えられたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ。   The oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 3, wherein the manifold is provided in a plurality of upper and lower stages. 前記循環ポンプによって取り出される残りの排ガスを導入して二酸化炭素を回収する二酸化炭素回収装置を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラ。   The oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a carbon dioxide recovery device that recovers carbon dioxide by introducing the remaining exhaust gas taken out by the circulation pump. 請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの温度制御装置であって、前記許容高温燃焼域の温度を計測する第1温度計測手段と、前記粒子温度調節域の温度を計測する第2温度計測手段と、前記燃料の発熱量を計測する発熱量計測手段を設けると共に、
前記発熱量計測手段からの燃料の発熱量と前記第1温度計測手段からの検出温度に基づいて、前記許容高温燃焼域が許容燃焼温度に保持されるように前記酸素製造装置から前記散気室に供給する前記酸素に対して前記第1ガス供給手段から前記散気室に供給する前記再循環排ガスの供給割合を調節し、且つ、前記第2温度計測手段からの検出温度に基づいて、前記粒子温度調節域の粒子温度が前記流動層ボイラの要求温度に保持されるように前記第2ガス供給手段から前記拡径部への再循環排ガスの供給を調節する制御器を設けた
ことを特徴とする酸素燃焼循環流動層ボイラの温度制御装置。
It is a temperature control apparatus of the oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler as described in any one of Claims 1-5, Comprising: The 1st temperature measurement means which measures the temperature of the said allowable high temperature combustion zone, A second temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature and a calorific value measuring means for measuring the calorific value of the fuel;
Based on the calorific value of the fuel from the calorific value measuring means and the detected temperature from the first temperature measuring means, the diffuser chamber is provided from the oxygen production apparatus so that the allowable high temperature combustion zone is maintained at the allowable combustion temperature. Adjusting the supply ratio of the recirculated exhaust gas supplied from the first gas supply means to the diffuser chamber with respect to the oxygen supplied to the gas, and based on the detected temperature from the second temperature measurement means, A controller is provided for adjusting the supply of recirculated exhaust gas from the second gas supply means to the enlarged diameter portion so that the particle temperature in the particle temperature adjustment region is maintained at the required temperature of the fluidized bed boiler. An oxygen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler temperature control device.
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