JP2013155880A - Retainer for roller bearing and needle roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a retainer for a roller bearing, in which strength of bent portions are increased, allowing rollers to be retained adequately.SOLUTION: A retainer (13) for a roller bearing includes a pair of ring parts (14), and a plurality of column parts (15) each including a column central part (16), a pair of column ends (17) and a pair of column inclined parts (18) positioned between the column central part (16) and the pair of column ends (17) and connecting the pair of ring parts (14). A cylindrical member is radially deformed to form the column central part (16), the pair of column ends (17), and the pair of column inclined parts (18). The cylindrical member is compressed so that the thickness of a boundary portion is made greater than that of each part of the column central part (16), the pair of column ends (17) and the pair of column inclined parts (18), a pocket (20) is formed by punching processing to form roller fall-out prevention parts in a wall surface facing the pocket (20) of the column part (15).

Description

  The present invention relates to a roller bearing retainer manufactured by press working and a needle roller bearing including the roller bearing retainer.

  Cage and roller type needle roller bearings composed of rollers and cages are often used for idler bearings for automobile transmissions and large rod end bearings for motorcycle engines. Such a bearing is described in, for example, JP 2000-257638 A (Patent Document 1).

  In this publication, a tubular material is formed into an annular member having an M-shaped cross section by bulging, and a roller retaining window is formed on the annular member, thereby obtaining a roller bearing retainer that is lightweight and has a large load capacity. It is stated that you can.

  Moreover, a window is formed between adjacent pillar parts. The column portion is composed of a column center portion, a column end portion, and a column inclined portion. The circumferential interval between adjacent column center portions and column end portions is smaller than the roller diameter of the roller, and the circumferential interval between adjacent column inclined portions is set larger than the roller diameter of the roller. Accordingly, it is described that the roller can be effectively prevented from falling off the cage without providing a protrusion on the wall surface of the column facing the window.

JP 2000-257638 A

  When the roller bearing retainer is formed by the method described in the above publication, the bent portion, that is, the boundary portion between the column central portion and the column inclined portion, the boundary portion between the column inclined portion and the column end portion, and the column end The thickness of the boundary portion between the portion and the annular side portion becomes thinner than the thickness of the tubular material. Since the stress acting on the cage during rotation of the bearing is concentrated on the bent portion, the risk of breakage of the roller bearing cage is increased by reducing the thickness of the bent portion.

  Moreover, in the roller bearing cage described in the above publication, it is difficult to prevent the small-diameter rollers from falling off. On the other hand, if the interval in the circumferential direction between adjacent column portions is reduced in order to reliably prevent the rollers from falling off the cage, there is a possibility that a sufficient amount of clearance between the rollers cannot be secured.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a roller bearing retainer that can increase the strength of the bent portion and appropriately retain the roller, and a needle roller bearing equipped with such a roller bearing retainer. It is.

  The roller bearing retainer according to the present invention includes a pair of ring-shaped ring portions, a column central portion located relatively radially inward in the axial central region, and a relative diameter in axial end regions. A plurality of column portions that include a pair of column end portions positioned on the outer side in the direction, and a pair of column inclined portions positioned between the column center portion and each of the pair of column end portions, and that couple the pair of ring portions to each other; Is provided. Then, the cylindrical member is deformed in the radial direction to form a column central portion, a pair of column end portions, and a pair of column inclined portions, the cylindrical member is compressed in the axial direction, and the column central portion, the pair of column ends. The thickness of the boundary part of each adjacent part is made larger than the thickness of each part of the part and the pair of column inclined parts, and a plurality of pockets for accommodating the rollers are formed on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical member by punching, A roller stopper for preventing the roller from coming off is formed on the wall surface facing the pocket of the portion.

  By doing so, the strength of the boundary portion is relatively improved. As a result, the risk of breakage of the cage due to stress concentration can be reduced. In addition, by providing a roller stopper on the wall facing the pocket of the column, even when a small diameter roller is used, the roller can be removed from the cage while ensuring a sufficient amount of roller play. It can be effectively prevented. In the present specification, “thickness” refers to the thickness dimension between the inner diameter surface and the outer diameter surface.

  Preferably, the wall surfaces facing each other across the pockets of the adjacent pillar portions are parallel to each other. Thereby, a roller can be rotated stably.

  More preferably, the roller stopper is a first roller stopper that protrudes from the center of the column to prevent the roller from coming out radially inward, and protrudes from each of the pair of column ends to the radially outer side of the roller. Concave portions extending in the radial direction are formed on both axial sides of the first and second roller stoppers. Thereby, the oil permeability of radial direction can be improved.

  More preferably, a non-contact portion facing the roller with a predetermined gap is provided in a region adjacent to the first and second roller stoppers in the radial direction. It inclines so that a predetermined clearance may increase as it leaves | separates from a 2nd roller stop part to radial direction. Thereby, the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the first and second roller stoppers increases. As a result, it is possible to prevent the oil film from being cut off at the first and second roller stoppers.

  As one embodiment, the roller stopper is formed by ironing.

  In another embodiment, the cylindrical member has a diameter substantially equal to that of the column central portion, and the column central portion, the pair of column end portions, and the pair of column inclined portions expand the diameter of both ends in the axial direction of the cylindrical member. Form.

  As still another embodiment, the retainer further includes a flange extending radially inward from each of the pair of ring portions, and the thickness of the pair of ring portions and the flange portion is a boundary between the ring portion and the flange portion. Less than part thickness.

  A needle roller bearing according to the present invention includes a plurality of needle rollers and the roller bearing retainer according to any one of the above, wherein the plurality of needle rollers are accommodated in a plurality of pockets. A highly reliable needle roller bearing can be obtained by employing the roller bearing cage having the above-described configuration.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a high-strength roller bearing retainer by making the boundary portion thicker than other portions. In addition, by providing a roller stopper on the wall facing the pocket of the column, even when a small diameter roller is used, the roller can be removed from the cage while ensuring a sufficient amount of roller play. It can be effectively prevented. Further, by adopting such a roller bearing retainer, a highly reliable needle roller bearing can be obtained.

It is a perspective view which shows the roller bearing retainer which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the needle roller bearing which employ | adopted the cage for roller bearings of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the pocket of the cage for roller bearings of FIG. FIG. 4 is an arrow view seen from an arrow IV in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a modified example of the roller bearing retainer shown in FIG. 1, corresponding to FIG. 4. It is a flowchart which shows the main manufacturing processes of the cage for roller bearings shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows a deep drawing process. It is a figure which shows a punching process. It is a figure which shows a burring process. It is a figure which shows a trimming process. It is a figure which shows the state before the process of an expansion press process. It is the figure which looked at the outer type | mold for expansion presses from the axial direction. It is a figure which shows the state in the middle of the process of an expansion press process. It is a figure which shows the state after a process of an expansion press process. It is a figure which shows a thickening process. It is a figure which shows the state before ironing processing. It is a figure which shows the state after an ironing process. It is a perspective view which shows the cage for roller bearings concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the needle roller bearing which employ | adopted the roller bearing retainer of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the pocket of the cage for roller bearings of FIG. It is the arrow line view seen from the arrow XXI of FIG. FIG. 22 is a modified example of the roller bearing retainer shown in FIG. 18 and corresponds to FIG. 21. It is a figure which shows a pre-processing process. It is the figure which looked at the inner mold for necking from the axial direction. It is a figure which shows a post-processing process. It is a figure which shows the state which formed the 1st roller stop part by the crimping process. It is a figure which shows the state which formed the 2nd roller stop part by caulking.

  A needle roller bearing 11 and a roller bearing cage 13 (hereinafter simply referred to as “cage 13”) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a perspective view of the cage 13, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the needle roller bearing 11, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the shape of the column portion 15 of the cage 13, and FIG. 4 is an arrow IV in FIG. It is an arrow view seen from the direction.

  First, referring to FIG. 2, the needle roller bearing 11 includes a plurality of needle rollers 12 and a cage 13 that holds the plurality of needle rollers 12. Next, referring to FIG. 1, the retainer 13 includes a pair of ring-shaped ring portions 14 and a plurality of column portions 15 that connect the pair of ring portions 14 to each other. A pocket 20 for accommodating the needle rollers 12 is formed between the adjacent column portions 15.

  In the present specification, the “annular ring portion” refers only to an integral ring portion that is continuous in the circumferential direction. That is, it should be understood that a ring portion in which both ends are joined by welding or the like is not included.

  The column portion 15 includes a column central portion 16 positioned relatively radially inward in the axial central region, a pair of column end portions 17 positioned relatively radially outward in the axial end region, and A column central portion 16 and a pair of column inclined portions 18 positioned between each of the column end portions 17 are included.

  Next, referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, first and second roller stoppers 16 a and 17 a that prevent the needle rollers 12 from dropping off on the wall surface of the column portion 15 facing the pocket 20, and the needle Guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b for guiding the rotation of the tapered roller 12, non-contact portions 16c, 17c, and oil grooves 16d, 17d as concave portions are provided.

  The first roller stoppers 16 a are provided at two locations on the column central portion 16. More specifically, it is unevenly distributed radially inward of the wall surface of the column central portion 16 facing the pocket 20. Then, the needle rollers 12 are prevented from falling off inward in the radial direction.

  The second roller stopper 17a is provided at each of the pair of column end portions 17. More specifically, it is unevenly distributed on the radially outer side of the wall surface of the column end portion 17 facing the pocket 20. Then, the needle rollers 12 are prevented from falling off radially outward.

  With such first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a, even if the needle roller 12 has a small diameter, the needle roller 12 retains the cage while ensuring a sufficient play amount of the needle roller 12. It is possible to effectively prevent the dropout from 13.

  The guide surface 16b is provided in the area | region adjacent to the 1st roller stop part 16a of the pillar center part 16 at an axial direction. The guide surface 17b is provided in a region adjacent to the second roller stopper 17a of the column end portion 17 in the axial direction. The guide surface 18 b is provided in the entire area of the column inclined portion 18. Further, the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b constitute the same plane. Further, the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b facing each other across the pocket 20 are parallel to each other. Thereby, the needle roller 12 can be rotated stably.

  The non-contact portions 16c and 17c are provided in regions adjacent to the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a in the radial direction. The non-contact portions 16c and 17c are retracted from the guide surfaces 16b, 17b and 18b, and face the needle rollers 12 with a predetermined gap. The non-contact portions 16c and 17c are inclined so that a predetermined gap increases as the distance from the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a increases in the radial direction.

  Specifically, the non-contact part 16c is provided in the area | region of the radial direction outer side of the 1st roller stopper part 16a, and inclines so that the clearance gap with the needle roller 12 may increase toward a radial direction outer side. . Similarly, the non-contact portion 17c is provided in the radially inner region of the second roller stopper 17a, and is inclined so that the gap with the needle roller 12 increases radially inward.

  As a result, the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a increases. As a result, the oil film breakage of the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a can be prevented.

  The oil grooves 16d and 17d are provided on both axial sides of the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a. The oil grooves 16d and 17d have a shape extending in the radial direction and are further retracted from the non-contact portions 16c and 17c. Thereby, the quantity of the lubricating oil which flows to radial direction can be increased, and the oil permeability of the radial direction of the holder | retainer 13 can be improved. Further, since the lubricating oil overflowing from the oil grooves 16d, 17d is supplied to the adjacent first and second roller stoppers 16a, 17a and the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b, the first and second rollers Oil film breakage of the stoppers 16a, 17a, etc. can be prevented.

In the column portion 15 having the above-described configuration, the wall thickness t ₁ of the column central portion 16, the column end portion 17, and the column inclined portion 18 (hereinafter collectively referred to as “linear portion”) is set to be substantially equal. Yes. On the other hand, the thickness t ₂ of the boundary portion between the column central portion 16 and the column inclined portion 18 and the boundary portion between the column end portion 17 and the column inclined portion 18 (hereinafter collectively referred to as “boundary portion”) is It is thicker than the wall thickness t ₁ of the straight line portion (t ₁ <t ₂ ). Thereby, the intensity | strength of a boundary part improves relatively. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent the cage 13 from being damaged even if stress during rotation of the bearing is concentrated on the boundary portion.

Further, the thickness t ₁ of the straight line portion and the curvature radius r of the boundary portion satisfy the relationship r <t ₁ . If the curvature radius r of the boundary portion is reduced, the axial length of the linear portion adjacent to the boundary portion can be increased, that is, the surface area of the linear portion can be increased. As a result, the contact surface pressure during rotation of the bearing can be reduced.

  Specifically, when the cage 13 is an outer diameter side guide (housing guide), the outer diameter surface of the column end portion 17 comes into contact with the housing (not shown). Therefore, if the curvature radius r of the boundary portion between at least the column end portion 17 and the column inclined portion 18 is within the above range, the contact surface pressure between the outer diameter surface of the column end portion 17 and the housing is reduced. can do.

  Further, the surface roughness Ra of the outer diameter surfaces of the ring portion 14 and the column end portion 17 is set to 0.05 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Thereby, the abrasion by the contact of the outer diameter surface of the ring part 14 and the column end part 17 and the housing can be prevented. “Surface roughness Ra” refers to arithmetic average roughness.

  On the other hand, when the cage 13 is an inner diameter side guide (rotary shaft guide), the inner diameter surface of the column central portion 16 and the rotation shaft (not shown) are in contact. Therefore, if the curvature radius r of the boundary portion between at least the column central portion 16 and the column inclined portion 18 is within the above range, the contact surface pressure between the inner diameter surface of the column central portion 16 and the rotating shaft is reduced. can do. In this case, the surface roughness Ra of the inner diameter surface of the column central portion 16 may be set to 0.05 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less.

In addition, as for a boundary part, R part is formed in the convex side (side where tensile stress acts at the time of bending) and the concave side (side where compressive stress acts at the time of bending), respectively. At this time, the curvature radius on the convex side is always larger than the curvature radius on the concave side. Therefore, “the radius of curvature r of the boundary portion” in this specification refers to the radius of curvature on the convex side. Further, the “thickness t _{2 of the} boundary portion” refers to the length of a line segment connecting the central portion on the convex side and the central portion on the concave side.

  Further, the outer diameter surface of the column central portion 16 is located on the radially outer side than the inner diameter surface of the column end portion 17. The pitch circle 12 a of the needle roller 12 is located on the radially inner side from the outer diameter surface of the column central portion 16 and on the radially outer side from the inner diameter surface of the column end portion 17. Thereby, the needle roller 12 contacts each of the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, and 18b. Thus, the skew of the needle roller 12 can be effectively prevented by increasing the contact area between the needle roller 12 and the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b.

  However, the positional relationship between the column center portion 16 and the column end portion 17 is not limited to the above case. A modified example of the cage 13 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a view showing a modification of the cage 13 and corresponds to FIG. In addition, since the shape and function of each component are common, the same reference number as FIG. 4 is attached | subjected to the same component, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Referring to FIG. 5, the outer diameter surface of the column center portion 16 is located on the radially inner side with respect to the inner diameter surface of the column end portion 17. The pitch circle 12 a of the needle roller 12 is located on the radially outer side from the outer diameter surface of the column center portion 16 and on the radially inner side from the inner diameter surface of the column end portion 17. In this case, the needle roller 12 is guided only on the guide surface 18 b of the column inclined portion 18. If it is set as the above-mentioned composition, since the 1st roller stop part 16a and the 2nd roller stop part 17a are arranged away in the diameter direction, drop-off of needle roller 12 can be prevented appropriately.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 6-15, the manufacturing method of the holder | retainer 13 is demonstrated. 6 is a flowchart showing the main manufacturing process of the cage 13, FIGS. 7 to 10 are diagrams showing details of the first process, FIGS. 11 to 14 are diagrams showing details of the second process, FIG. 15 is a diagram showing details of the third step.

  First, as a starting material for the cage 13, a steel plate (carbon steel) having a carbon content of 0.15 wt% or more and 1.1 wt% or less is used. Specifically, SCM415 or S50C having a carbon content of 0.15 wt% or more and 0.5 wt% or less, or SAE1070 or SK5 having a carbon content of 0.5 wt% or more and 1.1 wt% or less.

  Carbon steel having a carbon content of less than 0.15 wt% is unlikely to have a carburized hardened layer formed by quenching, and needs to be carbonitrided to obtain the required hardness for the cage 13. The carbonitriding process increases the equipment cost compared to each quenching process described later, and as a result, the manufacturing cost of the needle roller bearing 11 increases. In addition, in carbon steel having a carbon content of less than 0.15 wt%, a sufficient carburized hardened layer may not be obtained even by carbonitriding, and surface-origin type peeling may occur early. On the other hand, the workability of carbon steel having a carbon content exceeding 1.1 wt% is significantly reduced.

  In the first step shown in FIG. 6, the cylindrical member 22 is obtained from the steel plate as the starting material (S11). Specifically, referring to FIG. 7, a cup-shaped member 21 is obtained from a steel plate by deep drawing. At this time, a bottom wall 21a is formed at one axial end portion (upper side in FIG. 7) of the cup-shaped member 21, and an outward flange portion 21b is formed at the other axial end portion (lower side in FIG. 7). The At this time, the surface roughness Ra of the outer diameter surface or inner diameter surface of the cup-shaped member 21 is set to 0.05 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less by ironing.

  Next, referring to FIG. 8, the bottom wall 21a of the cup-shaped member 21 is removed by punching. However, the bottom wall 21a cannot be completely removed by punching, and an inward flange portion 21c is formed at one end of the cup-shaped member 21 in the axial direction.

  Next, referring to FIG. 9, the inward flange portion 21c is raised in the axial direction by burring. Further, referring to FIG. 10, the outward flange portion 21b is removed by cutting the other axial end portion of the cup-shaped member 21 by trimming.

  Thereby, the cylindrical member 22 can be obtained. The outer diameter size of the cylindrical member 22 obtained in the above process matches the outer diameter size of the column central portion 16. In addition, the thickness of the cylindrical member 22 obtained in the above process is t.

  Next, in the second step shown in FIG. 6, the cylindrical member 22 is deformed in the radial direction to form the column central portion 16, the pair of column end portions 17, and the pair of column inclined portions 18 (S12). In this embodiment, an outer mold 23 for expanding press that restrains the outer diameter surface of the cylindrical member 22 (hereinafter simply referred to as “outer mold 23”) and a pair of expanding presses that restrain the inner diameter surface of the cylindrical member 22. Using the inner dies 25 and 26 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “inner dies 25 and 26”), both end portions in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 22 are expanded (expansion press).

  Referring to FIGS. 11 to 14, outer mold 23 has a cylindrical space 23 a that receives cylindrical member 22 therein. The cylindrical space 23a includes a small diameter portion 23b that matches the outer diameter size of the column center portion 16, a large diameter portion 23c that matches the outer diameter size of the column end portion 17, and the small diameter portion 23b and the large diameter portion 23c. It is comprised by the inclination part 23d which corresponds to the inclination angle of the column inclination part 18. As shown in FIG.

  The first inner mold 25 is a columnar member that is inserted from one axial end (upper side in FIG. 11) of the cylindrical member 22. The first inner mold 25 includes a small diameter portion 25a that matches the inner diameter size of the column center portion 16, a large diameter portion 25b that matches the inner diameter size of the column end portion 17, and the small diameter portion 25a and the large diameter portion 25b. It is comprised with the inclination part 25c which corresponds to the inclination angle of the column inclination part 18. FIG. The second inner mold 26 has the same configuration, and is inserted from the other axial end portion (lower side in FIG. 11) of the cylindrical member 22.

  The outer mold 23 includes, for example, first to fourth divided outer molds 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d that are radially divided at intervals of 90 °. The first to fourth divided outer dies 24 a to 24 d can be moved in the radial direction of the cylindrical member 22 by a moving jig 27. The first and second inner dies 25 and 26 are movable in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 22, respectively.

  Referring to FIG. 11, when the first to fourth divided outer dies 24a to 24d are retracted in the radial direction and the first and second inner dies 25 and 26 are retracted in the axial direction, the cylindrical member 22 is moved into the cylindrical space. It will be in the state which can be withdrawn / inserted from 23a. Here, “retreat” refers to movement in a direction away from the cylindrical member 22.

  Next, referring to FIG. 13, when the first to fourth divided outer dies 24a to 24d advance in the radial direction, the outer diameter surface of the cylindrical member 22 is restrained by the small diameter portion 23b. Further, referring to FIG. 14, when the first and second inner dies 25, 26 are advanced in the axial direction, both end portions in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 22 have diameters due to the large diameter portions 25b, 26b and the inclined portions 25c, 26c. It is pushed outward in the direction. Here, “advance” refers to movement in a direction approaching the cylindrical member 22.

Thereby, the pillar center part 16, a pair of pillar edge part 17, and a pair of pillar inclination part 18 are each formed. Since the cylindrical member 22 is stretched by the expansion press, the wall thickness t ₁ of the column central portion 16, the pair of column end portions 17, and the pair of column inclined portions 18 after the completion of the second step is the cylindrical member 22. Is less than the wall thickness t (t ₁ <t).

  Next, in the third step shown in FIG. 6, the boundary portion is thickened by the thickening process (S13).

  Referring to FIG. 15, a pair of cylindrical compression jigs 28 and 29 are used for the thickening process. Specifically, in a state where the cylindrical member 22 is constrained by the outer mold 23 and the inner molds 25 and 26 (in a state where the expansion press is performed), both end surfaces in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 22 by the pair of compression jigs 28 and 29. Compress from both sides.

At this time, since the inner and outer diameter surfaces of the straight portion are constrained by the outer mold 23 and the inner molds 25 and 26, the wall thickness does not change. On the other hand, a minute gap is formed between the boundary portion and the outer mold 23 and the inner molds 25 and 26. Thereby, while the axial direction dimension of the cylindrical member 22 reduces, only a boundary part is thickened. The thickness t ₂ of the boundary portion after the third step is thicker than the thickness t of the cylindrical member 22 obtained in the first step (t ₁ <t <t ₂ ). Accordingly, the thickness of the column portion 15 is not increased overall to improve the strength, but the thickness of the straight portion is reduced, and the thickness of the boundary portion where stress concentration occurs is selectively increased. Improve strength. Therefore, the cage 13 can be reduced in weight. At this time, the radius of curvature r of the boundary portion is also smaller than the thickness t _{1 of the} straight portion.

  Next, in the fourth step shown in FIG. 6, the pocket 20 and the oil grooves 16d and 17d are formed in the cylindrical member 22 (S14). Specifically, a plurality of pockets 20 and oil grooves 16d and 17d are formed on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical member 22 by punching using a punch and a die. The punch is composed of a rectangular portion corresponding to the pocket 20 and a protruding portion corresponding to the oil grooves 16d and 17d protruding in the circumferential direction from the rectangular portion. Thus, by performing pocket punching on the cylindrical member 22, the guide surfaces 16b, 17b, 18b facing each other with the pocket 20 in between are parallel to each other.

  Next, the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a, the guide surfaces 16b, 17b and 18b, and the non-contact parts 16c and 17c are formed by ironing, respectively. With reference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, the case where the 1st roller stop part 16a is formed by ironing is demonstrated in detail. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a state before ironing, and FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a state after ironing.

  First, referring to FIG. 16, for ironing, a punch 60 that is pushed into the pocket 20 from the outside in the radial direction of the cage 13, and processing tables 61 and 62 that support the cage 13 from the inside in the radial direction of the cage 13. And are used. The punch 60 includes a small width portion 60 a having a width smaller than the circumferential width dimension of the pocket 20 on the front end side, and a large portion 60 b having a width larger than the circumferential width dimension of the pocket 20 on the rear end side. The end face 60c of the large portion 60b is inclined so that the circumferential width dimension of the large portion 60b increases as the distance from the small width portion 60a increases in the radial direction. The processing bases 61 and 62 are disposed so that the end surfaces 61a and 62a face each other. At this time, the interval between the end faces 61 a and 62 a matches the width dimension of the small width portion 60 a of the punch 60.

The holder 13 is set between the punch 60 and the processing tables 61 and 62 having the above configuration. In this case, set to the respective wall surfaces of the column center part 16 facing each other across the pocket 20, to retract the end face 61a of the work table 61, from 62a by a width _{W 1.} Moreover, a substantial portion 60b of the punch 60 and the respective wall surfaces of the column center part 16 facing each other across the pocket 20, is set to overlap by a width W _2.

Next, referring to FIG. 17, the first roller stopper 16 a and the non-contact portion 16 c are formed by pushing the punch 60 into the pocket 20. Specifically, the radially outer region of the column center part 16, a non-contact portion 16c set back by the width W _2. The non-contact part 16c is formed in the shape inclined along the end surface 60c of the large part 60b. Further, the radially inner region of the column center portion 16 becomes the first roller stopper portion 16a protrudes by a width W _1.

  When the second roller stopper 17a and the non-contact portion 17c are formed, the punch 60 is set on the radially inner side of the cage 13 and the processing tables 61 and 62 are set on the radially outer side of the cage 13, respectively. That's fine.

  In this way, in the fourth step shown in FIG. 6, first, the pocket 20 and the oil grooves 16d and 17d are formed, and then the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a and the like are formed. Therefore, in order to form the oil grooves 16d and 17d first, when the punch 60 is pushed in by ironing to form the first and second roller stoppers 16a and 17a, the pushed-in portions are guided surfaces 16b and 17b. , 18b can be reduced.

  Next, in a fifth step shown in FIG. 6, heat treatment is performed to impart predetermined mechanical properties such as surface hardness to the cage 13 (S15). As the heat treatment, it is necessary to select an appropriate method depending on the carbon content of the starting material in order for the cage 13 to obtain a cured layer having a sufficient depth. Specifically, in the case of a material having a carbon content of 0.15 wt% or more and 0.5 wt% or less, carburizing and quenching treatment is performed, and in the case of a material having a carbon content of 0.5 wt% or more and 1.1 wt% or less. Performs bright quenching or induction quenching.

  The carburizing and quenching process is a heat treatment method utilizing the phenomenon that carbon dissolves in high-temperature steel, and a surface layer (carburized hardened layer) with a large amount of carbon can be obtained while the amount of carbon in the steel is low. . Thereby, the surface is hard, the inside is soft, and the property with high toughness is obtained. Moreover, the equipment cost is low compared with the carbonitriding equipment.

  The bright quenching process refers to a quenching process performed while preventing oxidation of the steel surface by heating in a protective atmosphere or vacuum. In addition, the equipment cost is low compared with carbonitriding equipment and carburizing and quenching equipment.

  Induction hardening is a method of making a hardened hardened layer by rapidly heating and rapidly cooling the steel surface using the principle of induction heating. Compared to other quenching treatment facilities, there is a merit that the equipment cost is significantly lower and that the gas is not used in the heat treatment process, so that it is environmentally friendly. It is also advantageous in that a partial quenching process can be performed.

  Furthermore, it is desirable to perform tempering after the above-mentioned quenching treatment in order to reduce residual stress and internal strain caused by quenching and to improve toughness and stabilize dimensions.

  The cage 13 can be obtained through the above steps. The surface roughness Ra of the outer diameter surface of the cage 13 is already 0.05 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less in the ironing process when the cylindrical member 22 is formed (S11). Therefore, an independent grinding process as a finishing process can be omitted.

  Here, in the conventional welded cage described in Japanese Patent No. 3665653, a pocket is formed in a belt-shaped plate material, a roller pawl is formed on a wall surface facing the pocket, and then the plate material is formed into an annular shape. To form a cage. In this case, there is a possibility that the cage breaks from the joint portion by welding or the like. However, in the present invention, the cage 13 is formed from the cylindrical member 22, so that the possibility of breakage can be reduced.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which the thicknesses of the column center portion 16 and the column end portion 17 are set to be substantially equal has been described. However, when it is desired to improve oil permeability in the axial direction, the column end portion The thickness of 17 may be made smaller than the thickness of the column center portion 16. By doing so, it is possible to increase the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the needle roller bearing 11 or exiting from the needle roller bearing 11. As a result, the oil permeability in the axial direction is improved. The improvement in oil permeability contributes to the removal of wear powder and the suppression of the temperature rise of the needle roller bearing 11.

  Further, in this case, the thickness of the column center portion 16 and the column end portion 17 can be adjusted by the shape of the mold used in the expanding press step (S12) shown in FIGS. Specifically, the distance between the large diameter portion 23c of the outer mold 23 and the large diameter portions 25b and 26b of the inner molds 25 and 26 is set so that the small diameter portion 23b of the outer mold 23 and the small diameter portions 25a and 26a of the inner molds 25 and 26 are reduced. Smaller than the interval. Then, the thickness of the column end portion 17 can be made smaller than the thickness of the column central portion 16 without adding a new process to the above-described manufacturing process of the cage 13.

  Moreover, in said embodiment, although the example of the expansion press (S12) was demonstrated as a method of forming the pillar center part 16, a pair of pillar edge part 17, and a pair of pillar inclination part 18, it is restricted to this. Without reducing the diameter, the central portion of the cylindrical member 22 in the axial direction may be reduced in diameter to form the column central portion 16, the pair of column end portions 17, and the pair of column inclined portions 18 (diameter reduction press). Specifically, in the cylindrical member 22 forming step (S <b> 11) shown in FIG. 6, the cylindrical member 22 whose diameter matches the outer diameter of the column end portion 17 is obtained. Referring to FIG. 11, first, when the first and second inner dies 25, 26 advance in the axial direction, the large diameter portions 25 b, 26 b restrain the inner diameter surface of the cylindrical member 22, and the small diameter portions 25 a, 25 a, A gap is formed between 26 a and the inner diameter surface of the cylindrical member 22. Next, when the first to fourth divided outer dies 24a to 24d advance in the radial direction, the central portion in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 22 is compressed inward in the radial direction by the small diameter portion 23b and the inclined portion 23d.

Thereby, the pillar center part 16, a pair of pillar edge part 17, and a pair of pillar inclination part 18 are each formed. Similarly, in this case, the thickness t ₁ of the column center portion 16, the pair of column end portions 17, and the pair of column inclined portions 18 after the second step is smaller than the thickness t of the cylindrical member 22. (T ₁ <t).

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 18-25, the holder | retainer 33 which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, and its manufacturing method are demonstrated. In addition, the same reference number as the retainer 13 is attached | subjected to a common component, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

First, referring to FIG. 18 to FIG. 22, the retainer 33 further includes a pair of flanges 19 extending radially inward from each of the pair of ring portions 14. Note that the thickness of the ring portion 14 and the thickness of the flange portion 19 in the axial direction are set to be substantially equal to the thickness t ₁ of the other straight portions. Further, the thickness of the boundary portion between the ring portion 14 and the flange portion 19 is thick t ₂ is substantially equal to the settings of other boundary. Further, the curvature radius of the boundary portion between the ring portion 14 and the flange portion 19 is set to be substantially equal to the curvature radius r of the other boundary portion.

That is, t ₁ <t ₂ is also established in this embodiment. Thereby, in addition to the effect already demonstrated, the intensity | strength of the root part of the collar part 19 improves. In addition, r <t ₁ is also established. Thereby, since the surface area of the outer diameter surface of the ring part 14 increases, when the retainer 33 is an outer diameter side guide, the contact surface pressure with the housing can be further reduced. In addition, since the other structure is common with the holder | retainer 13, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Among the manufacturing steps of the cage 33 having the above configuration, the first step (S11), the second step (S12), the fourth step (S14), and the fifth step (S15) in FIG. 13 and is not described here. With reference to FIGS. 23 to 25, the process of increasing the thickness of the cage 33 (corresponding to S13 in FIG. 6) will be described.

  In this embodiment, the process of increasing the thickness of the boundary portion and the formation of the flange portion 19 (necking process) are performed simultaneously. More specifically, the collar portion 19 is formed through two stages of a pretreatment process and a posttreatment process. And the thickening process is performed simultaneously with the post-processing step.

  First, referring to FIG. 23, the pretreatment step is a step of bending both ends in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 42 to be the flange portion 19 inward with respect to the column end portion 17 by a predetermined angle (45 ° in this embodiment). A necking outer mold 43 (hereinafter simply referred to as “outer mold 43”), a necking inner mold 45 (hereinafter simply referred to as “inner mold 45”), and a pair of necking jigs 48 and 49. Done.

  The outer mold 43 has the same configuration as the outer mold 23 for the expansion press and restrains the outer diameter surface of the cylindrical member 42. However, the axial length is shorter than the outer mold 23 for the expansion press, and both axial end portions of the cylindrical member 42 serving as the flange portion 19 are not restrained.

  The inner mold 45 has a small diameter portion 45a that matches the inner diameter dimension of the column central portion 16 in the axial center region of the outer diameter surface, and a large diameter portion 45b that matches the inner diameter size of the column end portion 17 in the axial end region. An inclined portion 45c along the column inclined portion 18 between the small-diameter portion 45a and the large-diameter portion 45b, and a necking portion that defines a bending angle (45 °) of the flange portion 19 by pre-processing at corners at both axial ends. It is a cylindrical member containing 45d.

  Referring to FIG. 24, this inner mold 45 includes, for example, first to eighth divided inner molds 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d, 46e, 46f, 46g, and 46h that are radially divided at an angle of 45 °. Consists of. The first to eighth divided inner dies 46a to 46h are movable in the radial direction.

  Specifically, when the first to eighth divided inner dies 46 a to 46 h are retracted in the radial direction, the first to eighth divided inner dies 46 a to 46 h can be put in and out of the cylindrical member 42. On the other hand, when the first to eighth divided inner dies 46a to 46h are advanced in the radial direction, the inner diameter surface of the cylindrical member 42 can be restrained (state shown in FIG. 23). The divided inner dies 46 a to 46 h can be advanced by inserting the insertion jig 47.

  The necking jig 48 has a necking portion 48 a along the inclination angle (45 °) of the flange portion 19 in the pretreatment process at the tip, and is movable in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 42. The necking jig 49 has the same configuration. When the pair of necking jigs 48 and 49 are retracted in the axial direction, the cylindrical member 42 can be taken in and out of the cylindrical space. On the other hand, when the pair of necking jigs 48 and 49 are advanced in the axial direction, both ends in the axial direction of the cylindrical member 42 (portions indicated by broken lines in FIG. 23) can be bent inward by a predetermined angle (45 °). .

  Next, referring to FIG. 25, in the post-processing step, the flange portion 19 is bent at 90 ° with respect to the column end portion 17. The processing jigs in the post-processing step are necking outer dies 54a to 54d (only 54a and 54c are shown) and necking inner dies 56a to 56h (only 56a and 56e are shown) having the same configuration as that used in the pre-processing step. The insertion jig 57 and a pair of necking jigs 58 and 59 are used. However, the necking part is not provided in the part which faces the collar part 19 of the inner molds 56a to 56h for necking and the pair of necking jigs 58 and 59.

  In the post-processing step, the inner and outer diameter surfaces of the cylindrical member 42 are restrained in the same procedure as in the pre-processing step, and the collar portion 19 is compressed from the axial direction by the necking jigs 58 and 59. Thereby, the angle | corner which the pillar edge part 17 and the collar part 19 make becomes 90 degrees. Further, in this step, the boundary portion can be increased in thickness as in the third step (S13) shown in FIG.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which the cages 13 and 33 are manufactured using a steel plate (flat plate) as a starting material has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a cylindrical member such as a pipe material is manufactured as a starting material. You can also. In this case, the first step (S11) shown in FIG. 6 can be omitted.

  In the above embodiment, the example in which the first and second roller stoppers 16a, 17a and the like are formed by ironing has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first and second roller stoppers 16a, 17a may be formed by caulking. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a state in which the first roller stopper 16a is formed by caulking, and FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a state in which the second roller stopper 17a is formed by caulking.

  Referring to FIG. 26, the first roller stopper 16 a is formed by caulking a radially inner wall surface of the column central portion 16 with a caulking jig 63. Referring to FIG. 27, second roller stopper 17 a is formed by caulking the radially outer wall surfaces of the pair of column end portions 17 with caulking jig 63. In addition, when forming the 1st and 2nd roller stopper parts 16a and 17a by caulking, the non-contact parts 16c and 17c are not formed.

  In the above-described embodiment, examples of the cage roller type needle roller bearings 11 and 31 are shown. However, the present invention is also applied to a needle roller bearing further including an inner ring and / or an outer ring. It is possible. Moreover, although the example which employ | adopted the needle roller 12 as a rolling element was shown, not only this but a cylindrical roller and a rod-shaped roller may be sufficient.

  Furthermore, the needle roller bearings 11 and 31 according to the above-described embodiment exhibit particularly advantageous effects when used as, for example, idler bearings for automobile transmissions and bearings for connecting rod large ends of motorcycle engines.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described with reference to drawings, this invention is not limited to the thing of embodiment shown in figure. Various modifications and variations can be made to the illustrated embodiment within the same range or equivalent range as the present invention.

  The present invention is advantageously used for a roller bearing retainer and a needle roller bearing.

  11, 31 Needle roller bearing, 12 Needle roller, 12a Pitch circle, 13, 33 Cage, 14 Ring part, 15 Column part, 16 Column center part, 17 Column end part, 18 Column inclined part, 16a, 17a Roller Stopping part, 16b, 17b, 18b Guide surface, 16c, 17c Non-contact part, 16d, 17d Oil groove, 19 collar part, 20 pocket, 21 Cup-shaped member, 21a Bottom wall, 21b Outward flange part, 21c Inward flange Part, 22, 42 cylindrical member, 23, 43 outer mold, 23a cylindrical space, 23b, 25a, 26a, 45a small diameter part, 23c, 25b, 26b, 45b large diameter part, 23d, 25c, 26c, 45c inclined part, 24a 24b, 24c, 24d, 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d, 54a, 54c Divided outer mold, 25, 26, 45 Inner mold, 46a, 46b, 6c, 46d, 46e, 46f, 46g, 46h, 56a, 56e Divided inner mold, 27 Moving jig, 28, 29 Compression jig, 47, 57 Inserting jig, 48, 49, 58, 59 Necking jig, 45d , 48a, 49a Necking part, 60 punch, 60a narrow part, 60b large part, 61, 62 working table, 60c, 61a, 62a end face, 63 crimping jig.

Claims (8)

A pair of ring-shaped ring portions;
A column central portion positioned relatively radially inward in the axial central region, a pair of column ends positioned relatively radially outward in the axial end region, and the column central portion and the pair of columns In a roller bearing retainer comprising a pair of column inclined portions positioned between each of the end portions, and comprising a plurality of column portions interconnecting the pair of ring portions,
A cylindrical member is deformed in a radial direction to form the column central portion, the pair of column end portions, and the pair of column inclined portions,
The cylindrical member is compressed in the axial direction, and the thickness of the boundary portion of each adjacent portion is made larger than the thickness of each portion of the column central portion, the pair of column end portions, and the pair of column inclined portions,
Forming a plurality of pockets for accommodating rollers on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical member by punching;
A roller bearing retainer, wherein a roller stopper for preventing a roller from slipping out is formed on a wall surface of the column portion facing the pocket. The roller bearing retainer according to claim 1, wherein the wall surfaces facing each other across the pockets of the adjacent column portions are parallel to each other. The roller stopper includes a first roller stopper that protrudes from the center of the column to prevent the rollers from coming out radially inward, and a roller that protrudes from each of the pair of column ends to the outer side of the rollers in the radial direction. Including a second roller stopper for preventing
The roller bearing retainer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein concave portions extending in a radial direction are provided on both axial sides of the first and second roller stoppers. The region adjacent to the first and second roller stoppers in the radial direction is provided with a non-contact portion facing the roller with a predetermined gap therebetween,
4. The roller bearing retainer according to claim 3, wherein the non-contact portion is inclined so that the predetermined gap increases as the distance from the first and second roller stoppers increases in the radial direction. The roller bearing retainer according to claim 1, wherein the roller stopper is formed by ironing. The cylindrical member has a diameter substantially equal to the central portion of the column,
The roller bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the column central portion, the pair of column end portions, and the pair of column inclined portions are formed by expanding both axial end portions of the cylindrical member. Retainer. The retainer further includes a flange portion extending radially inward from each of the pair of ring portions,
The roller bearing retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a thickness of the pair of ring portions and the flange portion is smaller than a thickness of a boundary portion between the ring portion and the flange portion. A plurality of needle rollers;
A needle roller bearing comprising the roller bearing retainer according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of needle rollers are accommodated in the plurality of pockets.

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