JP2013129057A - Fatigue crack propagation suppressing paste - Google Patents

Fatigue crack propagation suppressing paste Download PDF

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JP2013129057A
JP2013129057A JP2012253997A JP2012253997A JP2013129057A JP 2013129057 A JP2013129057 A JP 2013129057A JP 2012253997 A JP2012253997 A JP 2012253997A JP 2012253997 A JP2012253997 A JP 2012253997A JP 2013129057 A JP2013129057 A JP 2013129057A
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fatigue crack
particles
paste
fatigue
crack
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JP5753528B2 (en
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Kyohei Kawamoto
恭平 河本
Takeshi Yamada
岳史 山田
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/04—Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
    • C01P2004/52—Particles with a specific particle size distribution highly monodisperse size distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fatigue crack propagation suppressing paste which provides a fatigue crack propagation suppressing effect at any time corresponding to fatigue crack propagation.SOLUTION: The fatigue crack propagation suppressing paste which suppresses the propagation of the fatigue crack of a metal member is composed of a mixture of particles and liquid in which a particle distribution of the particles is composed of 100 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 20 μm, 95-100 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 10 μm, 45-99 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 2.0 μm, 20-85 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 1.0 μm, 7-50 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 0.5 μm, and 0-5 mass% of particles not larger than particle sizes 0.1 μm.

Description

本発明は、金属部材に発生した疲労き裂の進展を抑制する疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth that suppresses the growth of fatigue cracks generated in a metal member.

疲労き裂は、繰返し応力の作用下で形成されるき裂であり、金属部材に発生した疲労き裂に、さらに、応力が繰返し加わることによって、疲労き裂が進展し、ひいてはその金属部材の切断に繋がることとなる。そのため、疲労き裂の進展を抑制する技術が重要となっている。疲労き裂に関して、疲労き裂面内にフレッティング酸化物（き裂面の酸化層がこすれて生じた酸化物）等の異物が生じることで、くさび効果によって疲労き裂進展速度が低下することが広く知られている。   A fatigue crack is a crack formed under the action of repetitive stress. Further, when a stress is repeatedly applied to a fatigue crack generated in a metal member, the fatigue crack progresses and eventually the metal member It will lead to cutting. Therefore, a technique for suppressing the progress of fatigue cracks is important. With regard to fatigue cracks, foreign matter such as fretting oxide (oxide generated by rubbing the oxide layer on the crack surface) is generated in the fatigue crack surface, and the fatigue crack growth rate is reduced due to the wedge effect. Is widely known.

くさび効果による疲労き裂進展速度の低下のメカニズムは、図８に示すように、き裂面内に異物が入ることで、き裂先端開口変位量が減少することにある（き裂進展に有効な応力範囲が小さくなる）。なお、図８では異物が全く潰れない場合のものを示している。応力変動１サイクルあたりの疲労き裂進展速度は疲労き裂先端の開口変位量と強い相関がある。   As shown in Fig. 8, the mechanism of the decrease in fatigue crack growth rate due to the wedge effect is to reduce the opening displacement of the crack tip when foreign matter enters the crack surface (effective for crack growth). The stress range becomes smaller). FIG. 8 shows a case where the foreign matter is not crushed at all. The fatigue crack growth rate per cycle of stress fluctuation has a strong correlation with the opening displacement at the tip of the fatigue crack.

技術文献「H. Kitagawa, et.al.： A new method of arresting fatigue crack growth by artificial wedge，Proceedings of International Conference on Fracture Mechanics in Engineering Applications,pp.281-293，1979.」（非特許文献１）には、き裂に接着剤を流し込むことで疲労き裂の進展を遅らせるようにした技術が開示されている。この技術は、接着剤による前記くさび効果を積極的に発現する技術である。例えば、アルミニウム合金部材に発生した疲労き裂内に接着剤を注入することによって、疲労き裂の開閉口が抑制され、疲労き裂進展速度を低下することが示されている。ところが、この技術では、接着剤は一度硬化すると流動性が失われるため、疲労き裂進展抑制効果は接着剤注入直後には得られるものの、接着剤注入後に疲労き裂が進展すると大幅に小さくなってしまい、疲労き裂進展抑制効果が継続的に得られないという問題点がある。   Technical literature “H. Kitagawa, et.al .: A new method of arresting fatigue crack growth by artificial wedge, Proceedings of International Conference on Fracture Mechanics in Engineering Applications, pp.281-293, 1979” (Non-Patent Document 1) Discloses a technique in which the progress of a fatigue crack is delayed by pouring an adhesive into the crack. This technique is a technique for positively expressing the wedge effect by the adhesive. For example, it has been shown that by injecting an adhesive into a fatigue crack generated in an aluminum alloy member, the opening and closing port of the fatigue crack is suppressed and the fatigue crack growth rate is reduced. However, with this technology, once the adhesive is cured, the fluidity is lost. Therefore, although the effect of suppressing fatigue crack growth is obtained immediately after the injection of the adhesive, it becomes much smaller when the fatigue crack propagates after the injection of the adhesive. Therefore, there is a problem that the fatigue crack growth suppressing effect cannot be obtained continuously.

そこで、前記非特許文献１に開示された技術の前記問題点を解消するため、高硬度の微細な粒子と油などの液体とを混合した疲労き裂進展抑制用のペーストが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１，２）。このペーストは、金属部材の疲労き裂の発生箇所に塗布され、毛細管現象とポンプ効果の作用によって疲労き裂先端まで侵入する。そして、ペースト中に含まれている粒子が、疲労き裂先端において前述したくさび効果を発現する。このペーストによると、接着剤と違って硬化することがなく、流動性を有しており、き裂内に侵入するため、継続的にき裂進展抑制効果を発揮することが可能である。   Therefore, in order to solve the above-described problems of the technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, a paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth in which fine particles having high hardness and a liquid such as oil are mixed has been proposed ( For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). This paste is applied to a portion where a fatigue crack is generated in the metal member, and penetrates to the tip of the fatigue crack by the action of capillary action and pump effect. And the particle | grains contained in the paste express the wedge effect mentioned above in the fatigue crack front-end | tip. According to this paste, unlike the adhesive, it does not harden, has fluidity, and penetrates into the crack, so that it is possible to continuously exert the effect of suppressing crack propagation.

例えば、特許第３８０８８４６号公報（特許文献１）には、疲労き裂進展抑制用のペーストとして、金属部材の疲労き裂の発生箇所に塗布されるペーストであって、粒径が２μｍ〜４０μｍのアルミナ粒子と粘度が５〜１５Ｐａ・ｓの油とを混合してなるペーストが開示されている。   For example, in Japanese Patent No. 3808844 (Patent Document 1), as a paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth, it is a paste applied to a place where a fatigue crack occurs in a metal member, and has a particle size of 2 μm to 40 μm. A paste formed by mixing alumina particles and oil having a viscosity of 5 to 15 Pa · s is disclosed.

特許第３８０８８４６号公報Japanese Patent No. 380884 特開２０１１−６２８０９号公報JP 2011-62809 A

H. Kitagawa, et.al.： A new method of arresting fatigue crack growth by artificial wedge，Proceedings of International Conference on Fracture Mechanics in Engineering Applications,pp.281-293，1979.H. Kitagawa, et.al .: A new method of arresting fatigue crack growth by artificial wedge, Proceedings of International Conference on Fracture Mechanics in Engineering Applications, pp.281-293, 1979.

前記特許文献１記載のペーストでは、後述するようにアルミナ粒子の粒度分布が考慮されていないため、応力拡大係数範囲（応力拡大係数範囲：疲労き裂先端に作用する疲労負荷の大きさを表す指標であり、この応力拡大係数範囲が大きいと、き裂先端の開口変位量が大きくなり、したがって疲労き裂の進展速度が大きくなる。）の大小によっては、ペーストを用いない場合と比較して、疲労き裂進展抑制の効果が小さく不十分となる場合があるという問題があった。   In the paste described in Patent Document 1, since the particle size distribution of alumina particles is not considered as will be described later, the stress intensity factor range (stress intensity factor range: an index representing the magnitude of the fatigue load acting on the fatigue crack tip) If this stress intensity factor range is large, the amount of opening displacement at the crack tip increases, and therefore the growth rate of fatigue cracks increases.) Depending on the size of the case, compared to the case where no paste is used, There was a problem that the effect of fatigue crack growth suppression was small and sometimes insufficient.

すなわち、ペーストを構成する粒子の粒径について考察すると、応力拡大係数範囲が小さい場合（疲労き裂が発生した初期の状態）には、き裂先端開口量が小さいため、その開口量にマッチした小径の粒子が、当該粒子のき裂内侵入によるき裂閉口を促進しやすい（図１の（ａ）参照）。一方、き裂長さの長い疲労き裂に大きな応力が作用し、応力拡大係数範囲が大きい場合（発生した疲労き裂が進展し拡大した状態）には、き裂先端開口量が大きいため、その開口量にマッチした大径の粒子が、当該粒子のき裂内侵入によるき裂閉口の促進に適するものとなる（図１の（ｂ）参照）。   In other words, considering the particle size of the particles constituting the paste, when the stress intensity factor range was small (the initial state where fatigue cracks were generated), the crack tip opening amount was small, so it matched the opening amount. Small-diameter particles tend to promote crack closure due to penetration of the particles into the crack (see FIG. 1A). On the other hand, when a large stress acts on a fatigue crack with a long crack length and the stress intensity factor range is large (when the generated fatigue crack has propagated and expanded), the crack tip opening is large. Large-diameter particles matching the opening amount are suitable for promoting crack closure by the penetration of the particles into the crack (see FIG. 1B).

ところが、前記特許文献１記載のペーストでは、その実施例によると、平均粒径１５．２μｍという比較的大きな粒径のアルミナ粒子を用いたペーストであるため、き裂先端開口量が大きい状態（応力拡大係数範囲が大きい領域であり、例えば、き裂先端開口量が１０〜２０μｍ）では有効である一方、き裂先端開口量が小さい状態（応力拡大係数範囲が小さい領域であり、例えば、き裂先端開口量が２μｍ以下）ではアルミナ粒子が大きすぎて、疲労き裂進展抑制効果が有効に発揮されなかったものと推察される。   However, according to the example, the paste described in Patent Document 1 is a paste using alumina particles having a relatively large particle size of 15.2 μm in average particle size, so that the crack tip opening amount is large (stress It is a region with a large expansion coefficient range, for example, effective in a crack tip opening amount of 10 to 20 μm, while it is effective in a state where the crack tip opening amount is small (a stress intensity factor range is small, for example, a crack In the case where the tip opening amount is 2 μm or less), it is presumed that the alumina particles were too large and the fatigue crack growth inhibiting effect was not effectively exhibited.

なお、ペースト中に含有させるアルミナ粒子として、疲労き裂のその時点におけるき裂先端開口量に合わせた粒径のみのアルミナ粒子を選択することは、実用上意味がない。なぜなら、ある時点における疲労き裂に対してそのときのき裂先端開口量に対応した粒径のアルミナ粒子を選択してペーストを製作し、この疲労き裂の部位に塗布するようにしても、その後にこの疲労き裂が進展して、き裂先端開口量が塗布時点に比べて大きくなった状態では、前記塗布時点でのアルミナ粒子ではその粒径が相対的に小径のものとなり、進展した疲労き裂に対して適さないペーストとなるためである。つまり、ペースト中に含有させるアルミナ粒子については、疲労き裂の進展に伴い変化するき裂先端開口量に対応した粒度分布をもたせるように考慮する必要がある。   Note that it is not practically meaningful to select alumina particles having only a particle size that matches the opening amount of the crack tip at the time of the fatigue crack as the alumina particles to be included in the paste. Because, for a fatigue crack at a certain time point, an alumina particle having a particle size corresponding to the opening amount of the crack tip at that time is selected to produce a paste and applied to the site of this fatigue crack, Then, when this fatigue crack progresses and the crack tip opening amount is larger than that at the time of application, the alumina particles at the time of application have a relatively small particle diameter and have progressed. This is because the paste is not suitable for fatigue cracks. In other words, it is necessary to consider the alumina particles contained in the paste so as to have a particle size distribution corresponding to the opening amount of the crack tip that changes as the fatigue crack progresses.

そこで、本発明の課題は、疲労き裂の進展に対応して常に疲労き裂進展抑制効果を発揮することができる疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストを提供することにある。   Then, the subject of this invention is providing the paste for fatigue crack growth suppression which can always exhibit the fatigue crack growth inhibitory effect corresponding to progress of a fatigue crack.

前記の課題を解決するため、本願発明では、次の技術的手段を講じている。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical means.

請求項１の発明は、金属部材の疲労き裂の進展を抑制する疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストであって、粒子と液体とを混合してなり、前記粒子の粒度分布が、粒径２０μｍ以下の粒子が１００質量％、粒径１０μｍ以下の粒子が９５〜１００質量％、粒径２．０μｍ以下の粒子が４５〜９９質量％、粒径１．０μｍ以下の粒子が２０〜８５質量％、粒径０．５μｍ以下の粒子が７〜５０質量％、粒径０．１μｍ以下の粒子が０〜５質量％、の範囲であることを特徴とする疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストである。   The invention of claim 1 is a paste for fatigue crack growth suppression that suppresses the growth of fatigue cracks in a metal member, and is a mixture of particles and liquid, and the particle size distribution of the particles is 20 μm or less. 100% by mass of particles, 95-100% by mass of particles having a particle size of 10 μm or less, 45-99% by mass of particles having a particle size of 2.0 μm or less, 20-85% by mass of particles having a particle size of 1.0 μm or less, A fatigue crack growth-suppressing paste characterized in that particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or less are in a range of 7 to 50 mass% and particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or less are in a range of 0 to 5 mass%.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１記載の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストにおいて、粘度が５Ｐａ・ｓ以上７０Ｐａ・ｓ未満であることを特徴とするものである。   The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth of claim 1, the viscosity is 5 Pa · s or more and less than 70 Pa · s.

請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は２記載の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストにおいて、前記粒子がアルミナであることを特徴とするものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth according to the first or second aspect, the particles are alumina.

本願発明の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストによると、ペーストを構成する粒子に、疲労き裂の進展に伴い変化するき裂先端開口量に合わせた適正な粒度分布をもたせているので、疲労き裂の進展に対応して常に疲労き裂進展抑制効果を十分発揮することができる。よって、疲労き裂が発生した例えば鋼構造物の延命化を図ることができる。   According to the fatigue crack growth suppressing paste of the present invention, since the particles constituting the paste have an appropriate particle size distribution that matches the crack tip opening amount that changes as the fatigue crack progresses, The fatigue crack growth suppressing effect can always be sufficiently exhibited in response to the progress of cracks. Therefore, the life extension of, for example, a steel structure in which a fatigue crack has occurred can be achieved.

本発明のペーストを構成する粒子の粒度分布についての考え方を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the view about the particle size distribution of the particle | grains which comprise the paste of this invention. 本発明の作用効果を説明するため、ペーストを構成する粒子の粒度分布の適否とそれによるき裂進展特性との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the appropriateness of the particle size distribution of the particle | grains which comprise a paste, and the crack growth characteristic by it, in order to demonstrate the effect of this invention. 本発明のペーストを構成する粒子の粒度分布を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the particle | grains which comprise the paste of this invention. 本発明の実施例における試験に供された引張疲労試験片（長さ５ｍｍの予き裂を付与したもの）を示す図であって、その（ａ）は正面図、その（ｂ）は側面図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the tensile fatigue test piece (thing which gave the precrack of length 5mm) used for the test in the Example of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a front view, The (b) is a side view. It is. 本発明の実施例１，２，３による疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the fatigue crack growth test result by Example 1, 2, 3 of this invention, and shows the relationship between a stress intensity factor range and a fatigue crack growth rate. 本発明の実施例３と比較例１，２とによる疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the fatigue crack growth test result by Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of this invention, and shows the relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate. 本発明の実施例３と比較例３，４，５とによる疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the fatigue crack growth test result by Example 3 of this invention, and Comparative Examples 3, 4, and 5, and shows the relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate. くさび効果による疲労き裂進展抑制のメカニズムを模式的に説明する図である。It is a figure which illustrates typically the mechanism of fatigue crack growth suppression by the wedge effect.

以下、さらに詳しく本発明について説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

本発明の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペースト（以下、単にペーストともいう）は、流動性を有しており、アルミナ粒子などの高硬度の粒子と工業油などの適度の粘度を持つ液体とを混合してなるものである。そして、本発明のペーストの特徴は、ペーストを構成する粒子に、疲労き裂の進展に伴い小さい状態から大きい状態に変化するき裂先端開口量に合わせた粒度分布をもたせていることにある（前述の図１参照）。これにより、本発明のペーストは、疲労き裂の進展に対応して常にくさび効果を継続的に発現して疲労き裂進展抑制効果を十分発揮することができる。すなわち、本発明のペーストは、疲労き裂の進展に伴って変化する疲労負荷の大きさ（応力拡大係数範囲の大きさ）にかかわらず、常に疲労き裂進展抑制効果を十分発揮することができる。   The paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as paste) has fluidity, and is a mixture of high hardness particles such as alumina particles and a liquid having an appropriate viscosity such as industrial oil. It is made. A feature of the paste of the present invention is that the particles constituting the paste have a particle size distribution matched to the crack tip opening amount that changes from a small state to a large state as the fatigue crack progresses ( (See FIG. 1 above). Thereby, the paste of this invention can fully exhibit the fatigue crack progress inhibitory effect by always expressing the wedge effect continuously corresponding to the progress of the fatigue crack. That is, the paste of the present invention can always sufficiently exert the effect of suppressing fatigue crack growth regardless of the size of the fatigue load (the magnitude of the stress intensity factor range) that changes with the progress of the fatigue crack. .

図２は、本発明の作用効果を説明するため、ペーストを構成する粒子の粒度分布の適否とそれによるき裂進展特性との関係を示す図である。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the suitability of the particle size distribution of the particles constituting the paste and the crack growth characteristics due to this, in order to explain the effects of the present invention.

図２に示すように、疲労き裂に対してペーストを用いない場合には、（ア）で示すき裂進展特性のように、疲労き裂の進展に伴う応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫの増大に伴い疲労き裂進展速度が大きくなる。   As shown in FIG. 2, when the paste is not used for a fatigue crack, as the crack growth characteristics shown in (a), as the stress intensity factor range ΔK increases as the fatigue crack progresses, The fatigue crack growth rate increases.

一方、適正粒度分布に対して粒径が小径側に逸脱した不適正粒度分布の粒子でなるペーストの場合には、（イ）で示すき裂進展特性のように、疲労き裂が進展して応力拡大係数範囲が大きい領域では、き裂先端が大きく開口し、それに見合う大径の粒子が不足して大径粒子のき裂内侵入によるき裂閉口を誘起できないため、前記（ア）のペーストなしの場合に比較して疲労き裂進展速度を低下させることができない。なお、このペーストの場合、当該疲労き裂が発生して間もない時期で応力拡大係数範囲が小さい領域（き裂先端開口量が小さい領域）では、前記（ア）のペーストなしの場合に比較して疲労き裂進展速度を低減させることができる。   On the other hand, in the case of a paste made of particles having an inappropriate particle size distribution with the particle size deviating to the small particle size side with respect to the appropriate particle size distribution, fatigue cracks propagate as shown in (a). In the region where the stress intensity factor range is large, the crack tip has a large opening, and there is a shortage of large-diameter particles corresponding to it, so that it is impossible to induce crack closure due to penetration of large-diameter particles into the crack. The fatigue crack growth rate cannot be reduced as compared with the case of none. In the case of this paste, in the region where the stress intensity factor range is small (region where the crack tip opening amount is small) at a time when the fatigue crack has occurred, it is compared with the case of (a) without the paste. Thus, the fatigue crack growth rate can be reduced.

また、前記小径側への逸脱とは逆に、適正粒度分布に対して粒径が大径側に逸脱した不適正粒度分布の粒子でなるペーストの場合には、（ウ）で示すき裂進展特性のように、応力拡大係数範囲が小さい領域（き裂先端開口量が小さい領域）では、き裂先端の開口が小さく、それに見合う小径の粒子が不足して小径粒子のき裂内侵入によるき裂閉口を誘起できないため、前記（ア）のペーストなしの場合に比較して疲労き裂進展速度を十分低下させることができない。なお、このペーストの場合、当該疲労き裂が進展して応力拡大係数範囲が大きい領域では、前記（ア）のペーストなしの場合に比較して疲労き裂進展速度を低下させることができる。   Contrary to the deviation to the small diameter side, in the case of a paste made of particles having an inappropriate particle size distribution in which the particle diameter deviates to the large diameter side with respect to the appropriate particle size distribution, the crack propagation indicated by (c) As in the characteristics, in the region where the stress intensity factor range is small (the region where the crack tip opening amount is small), the crack tip opening is small, and there is a shortage of small-sized particles corresponding to the crack. Since the crack closure cannot be induced, the fatigue crack growth rate cannot be sufficiently reduced as compared with the case (a) without the paste. In the case of this paste, in the region where the fatigue crack propagates and the stress intensity factor range is large, the fatigue crack growth rate can be reduced as compared with the case (a) without the paste.

これに対して、本願発明のペーストのように、疲労き裂の進展に伴い変化するき裂先端開口量に合わせた粒径の粒度分布をもつ粒子でなるペーストの場合には、（エ）で示すき裂進展特性のように、疲労き裂の進展に対応して、応力拡大係数範囲が小さい領域から大きい領域にわたって、前記（ア）のペーストなしの場合に比較して、常に疲労き裂進展速度を低減させることができる。   On the other hand, in the case of a paste made of particles having a particle size distribution corresponding to the crack tip opening amount that changes as the fatigue crack progresses, such as the paste of the present invention, (D) As shown in the crack growth characteristics shown above, the fatigue crack growth always corresponds to the fatigue crack growth from the small stress intensity factor range to the large region compared to the case of (a) without the paste. Speed can be reduced.

このように、疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストでは、ペーストを構成する粒子に前述のように適正な粒度分布をもたせる必要がある。そこで、本発明のペーストは、金属部材に発生する疲労き裂として、き裂先端の開口量が最終的に１０μｍ〜２０μｍ程度まで進展する疲労き裂（進展抑制対象とされる一般的な疲労き裂）を対象としており、図３に示すように、粒子の粒度分布が、粒径２０μｍ以下の粒子が１００質量％、粒径１０μｍ以下の粒子が９５〜１００質量％、粒径２．０μｍ以下の粒子が４５〜９９質量％、粒径１．０μｍ以下の粒子が２０〜８５質量％、粒径０．５μｍ以下の粒子が７〜５０質量％、粒径０．１μｍ以下の粒子が０〜５質量％、の範囲としたものである。   As described above, in the paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth, it is necessary that the particles constituting the paste have an appropriate particle size distribution as described above. Therefore, the paste of the present invention is a fatigue crack in which the opening amount of the crack tip finally propagates to about 10 μm to 20 μm as a fatigue crack generated in a metal member (a general fatigue which is a target for suppressing growth). As shown in FIG. 3, the particle size distribution is 100% by mass for particles having a particle size of 20 μm or less, 95-100% by mass for particles having a particle size of 10 μm or less, and 2.0 μm or less for particle size. Particles of 45 to 99% by mass, particles having a particle size of 1.0 μm or less are 20 to 85% by mass, particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or less are 7 to 50% by mass, and particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or less are 0 to The range is 5% by mass.

本発明のペーストは、ペーストを構成する粒子に前記の粒度分布をもたせていることにより、前述した対象とする疲労き裂に適用することで、ペーストなしの場合に比較して、疲労き裂の進展に対応して常に疲労き裂進展速度を低減させることができる。なお、本発明では、粒子の粒径の測定は、レーザー回折・散乱法による測定装置によって行った。また、本発明では、特定粒径を持つ粒子の存在比率を規定する百分率は、大小粒の混合程度を表す指標のため本来的には体積百分率であるが、実用上は質量百分率であっても差し支えないので、質量百分率としている。   The paste of the present invention has the above-mentioned particle size distribution in the particles constituting the paste, so that it can be applied to the above-mentioned fatigue crack, thereby reducing the fatigue crack compared to the case without the paste. The fatigue crack growth rate can always be reduced corresponding to the growth. In the present invention, the particle size of the particles was measured by a measuring device using a laser diffraction / scattering method. In the present invention, the percentage that defines the abundance ratio of particles having a specific particle size is essentially a volume percentage because it is an index representing the degree of mixing of large and small particles, but in practice it may be a mass percentage. Since it does not matter, the mass percentage is used.

本発明のペーストでは、疲労き裂にペーストを確実に侵入させるため、ペースト自体の粘度が５Ｐａ・ｓ以上７０Ｐａ・ｓ未満であることがよい。ペースト自体の粘度が５Ｐａ・ｓ未満では、流動性が高すぎて疲労き裂発生部分に塗布されたペーストが疲労き裂発生部分から流れ出して疲労き裂内に留まらない。一方、７０Ｐａ・ｓ以上では疲労き裂発生部分にペーストが固着する。したがって、ペースト自体の粘度は、５Ｐａ・ｓ以上７０Ｐａ・ｓ未満であることがよい。   In the paste of the present invention, the viscosity of the paste itself is preferably 5 Pa · s or more and less than 70 Pa · s in order to surely allow the paste to enter the fatigue crack. If the viscosity of the paste itself is less than 5 Pa · s, the fluidity is too high, and the paste applied to the fatigue crack occurrence portion flows out of the fatigue crack occurrence portion and does not stay in the fatigue crack. On the other hand, at 70 Pa · s or more, the paste adheres to the fatigue crack occurrence portion. Therefore, the viscosity of the paste itself is preferably 5 Pa · s or more and less than 70 Pa · s.

本発明のペーストでは、粒子と混合する工業用油などの液体の粘度は、０．８Ｐａ・ｓ以下であることがよい。０．８Ｐａ・ｓ以下というように「サラサラ」の液体を用いることにより、同一ペースト粘度において、ペースト単位量あたりの粒子の量が多くなるので、当該粒子によるくさび効果を十分に発揮することができる。   In the paste of the present invention, the viscosity of a liquid such as industrial oil mixed with the particles is preferably 0.8 Pa · s or less. By using a “smooth” liquid such as 0.8 Pa · s or less, the amount of particles per unit amount of paste increases at the same paste viscosity, so that the wedge effect due to the particles can be sufficiently exerted. .

本発明のペーストを構成する粒子として、アルミナ、シリカ、ダイヤモンド、炭化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素などの高硬度の物質からなるものが挙げられる。そして、広い粒径範囲のものが容易に入手でき、価格も安価であることなどから、粒子として特にアルミナからなるものが好適である。   Examples of the particles constituting the paste of the present invention include those made of a material with high hardness such as alumina, silica, diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide. And since the thing of a wide particle size range can be obtained easily and a price is cheap, what consists of alumina especially as a particle | grain is suitable.

以下、本発明の実施例及び比較例について説明する。   Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.

本発明のペーストを評価するため、疲労き裂進展試験を実施した。ペーストを構成する粒子にはアルミナを用い、アルミナ粒子の粒度分布が異なる８種類のアルミナペースト（実施例１〜３、比較例１〜５）を作製し、疲労き裂進展試験に供した。   In order to evaluate the paste of the present invention, a fatigue crack growth test was conducted. Alumina was used as particles constituting the paste, and eight types of alumina pastes (Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5) having different particle size distributions of alumina particles were prepared and subjected to a fatigue crack growth test.

表１に、疲労き裂進展試験に供された８種類のアルミナペースト中に含まれるアルミナ粒子の粒度分布を示す。前記８種類のアルミナペーストは、表１に示す粒度分布を持つアルミナ粒子に工業用油を添加して製作した。この製作に際し、これらのアルミナペーストは、ペーストの粘度が５Ｐａ・ｓ以上、７０Ｐａ・ｓ未満となるように、アルミナ粒子と工業用油との配合割合を調整した。   Table 1 shows the particle size distribution of alumina particles contained in the eight types of alumina paste subjected to the fatigue crack growth test. The eight types of alumina pastes were produced by adding industrial oil to alumina particles having the particle size distribution shown in Table 1. In this production, the blending ratio of the alumina particles and the industrial oil was adjusted so that the viscosity of the paste of these alumina pastes was 5 Pa · s or more and less than 70 Pa · s.

Figure 2013129057
Figure 2013129057

図４は本発明の実施例における試験に供された引張疲労試験片を示す図であって、その（ａ）は正面図、その（ｂ）は側面図である。この引張疲労試験片の材質はＳＳ４００であり、図４（ｂ）に示すように厚み（板厚）は１２．５ｍｍである。引張疲労試験片の初期き裂長さは、２０ｍｍ［（スリット長さ１５ｍｍ）＋（予き裂長さ５ｍｍ）］である。疲労き裂進展試験（引張疲労試験）は、この引張疲労試験片に対してアルミナペーストを塗布して実施した。この試験片は、φ１２．５ｍｍの孔に挿通した２本のボルトで試験機に装着され、図４における上下方向に引張荷重が繰り返し付加される。試験機は、油圧サーボ式の疲労試験機であり、荷重制御による単軸引張の試験を行う。試験条件は、応力比（最小応力／最大応力）：０．０５、試験周波数：２０Ｈｚである。   FIG. 4 is a view showing a tensile fatigue test piece subjected to a test in an example of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view. The material of the tensile fatigue test piece is SS400, and the thickness (plate thickness) is 12.5 mm as shown in FIG. The initial crack length of the tensile fatigue test piece is 20 mm [(slit length 15 mm) + (pre-crack length 5 mm)]. The fatigue crack growth test (tensile fatigue test) was performed by applying an alumina paste to the tensile fatigue test piece. This test piece is mounted on the tester with two bolts inserted through a hole of φ12.5 mm, and a tensile load is repeatedly applied in the vertical direction in FIG. The testing machine is a hydraulic servo type fatigue testing machine, and performs a uniaxial tension test by load control. The test conditions are stress ratio (minimum stress / maximum stress): 0.05, test frequency: 20 Hz.

前記の疲労き裂進展試験により、前記の各アルミナペーストを用いた場合におけるき裂進展特性（応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係）を求めた。この場合、試験機に装着された引張疲労試験片における進展中の疲労き裂について定期的にき裂長さを計測し、その計測値をもとにして応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を求めた。   From the fatigue crack growth test, the crack growth characteristics (relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate) when each of the alumina pastes was used were determined. In this case, the crack length is periodically measured for a developing fatigue crack in a tensile fatigue test piece mounted on a testing machine, and the stress intensity factor range, fatigue crack growth rate, and Sought the relationship.

なお、この場合の応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫは、荷重（Ｎ）、き裂長さ（ｍｍ）、試験片寸法をもとにして次式で表される。
ΔＫ＝ｆ×（Ｐ／（Ｂ√Ｗ））
ここで、ｆ：き裂の形状係数、Ｐ：荷重（Ｎ）、Ｂ：試験片厚み（ｍｍ）、Ｗ：試験片における荷重面から試験片端までの距離（ｍｍ）である。
また、前記のき裂の形状係数ｆは、次式で表される。なお、式中のａは、き裂長さ（ｍｍ）である。
ｆ＝２９．６×（ａ／Ｗ）１／２−１８５．５×（ａ／Ｗ）３／２＋６５５．７×（ａ／Ｗ）５／２−１０１７×（ａ／Ｗ）７／２＋６３８．９×（ａ／Ｗ）９／２ In this case, the stress intensity factor range ΔK is expressed by the following equation based on the load (N), crack length (mm), and specimen size.
ΔK = f × (P / (B√W))
Here, f: crack shape factor, P: load (N), B: test piece thickness (mm), W: distance (mm) from the load surface to the end of the test piece.
The crack shape factor f is expressed by the following equation. In the formula, a is the crack length (mm).
f = 29.6 × (a / W) 1/2 -185.5 × (a / W) 3/2 + 655.7 × (a / W) 5 / 2−1017 × (a / W) 7/2 + 638.9 × (a / W) 9/2

表２は実施例１〜３のペーストによるき裂進展特性（応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係）を示すデータであり、表３は比較例１〜５のペーストによるき裂進展特性を示すデータである。また、表４はペーストなしの場合でのき裂進展特性を示すデータである。   Table 2 shows data indicating crack growth characteristics (relationship between stress intensity factor range and fatigue crack growth rate) with the pastes of Examples 1 to 3, and Table 3 shows crack growth with the pastes of Comparative Examples 1 to 5. It is data indicating characteristics. Table 4 shows data indicating crack propagation characteristics in the case of no paste.

Figure 2013129057
Figure 2013129057

Figure 2013129057
Figure 2013129057

Figure 2013129057
Figure 2013129057

そして、比較のため、これらの表２〜表４のデータをグラフ化したものが図５〜図７である。図５は本発明の実施例１，２，３による疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図であり、図６は本発明の実施例３と比較例１，２とによる疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図である。また、図７は、本発明の実施例３と比較例３，４，５とによる疲労き裂進展試験結果を示すもので、応力拡大係数範囲と疲労き裂進展速度との関係を示す図である。   For comparison, FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 are graphs of the data in Tables 2 to 4. FIG. 5 shows the results of fatigue crack growth tests according to Examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, showing the relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the fatigue crack growth test result by Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and shows the relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate. FIG. 7 shows the fatigue crack growth test results of Example 3 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 3, 4 and 5, and shows the relationship between the stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate. is there.

図５からわかるように、本発明の実施例１〜３のペーストによれば、試験データ全域（応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫ：１６．４〜３８．４ＭＰａ・ｍ１／２）にわたって、「ペーストなし」と比較して疲労き裂進展速度が大幅に低下しており、疲労き裂進展速度がペーストなしでの疲労き裂進展速度の約１／２０という良好な結果が得られた。よって、実施例１〜３のペーストでは、発生した疲労き裂に対してその初期段階から継続して常にき裂進展抑制効果を発揮でき、疲労き裂のある鋼構造物の延命化に寄与できることとなる。 As can be seen from FIG. 5, according to the pastes of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, “no paste” over the entire test data (stress intensity factor range ΔK: 16.4 to 38.4 MPa · m 1/2 ). The fatigue crack growth rate was significantly reduced as compared with the above, and a good result was obtained that the fatigue crack growth rate was about 1/20 of the fatigue crack growth rate without the paste. Therefore, in the pastes of Examples 1 to 3, it is possible to continuously exert the crack growth suppressing effect continuously from the initial stage with respect to the generated fatigue crack, and contribute to the extension of the life of the steel structure with the fatigue crack. It becomes.

これに対して、図６からわかるように、粒径が小径側に逸脱し、大径の粒子が不足している粒度分布をもつ粒子でなる比較例１，２のペーストでは、応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫが小さい領域では、実施例１〜３と同様に、き裂進展速度が低下したが、疲労き裂が進展して応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫが大きい領域（２３ＭＰａ・ｍ１／２以上）では、実施例１〜３に比べて、き裂進展速度の低下が図れず、き裂進展抑制効果が大幅に小さくなった。 On the other hand, as can be seen from FIG. 6, in the pastes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 made of particles having a particle size distribution in which the particle diameter deviates to the small diameter side and the large particles are insufficient, the stress intensity factor range In the region where ΔK is small, the crack growth rate decreased as in Examples 1 to 3, but in the region where the fatigue crack propagates and the stress intensity factor range ΔK is large (23 MPa · m 1/2 or more), Compared to Examples 1 to 3, the crack growth rate could not be reduced, and the crack growth suppressing effect was greatly reduced.

このため、比較例１，２のペーストでは、疲労き裂が進展して疲労き裂先端に作用する疲労負荷が大きくなると、き裂進展抑制効果が不十分となり、よって、疲労き裂のある鋼構造物の延命化に寄与できないこととなる。   For this reason, in the pastes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, when the fatigue crack propagates and the fatigue load acting on the fatigue crack tip increases, the crack growth inhibiting effect becomes insufficient, and therefore the steel with fatigue cracks. It cannot contribute to the extension of the life of the structure.

また、図７からわかるように、粒径が大径側に逸脱し、小径の粒子が不足している粒度分布をもつ粒子でなる比較例３〜５のペーストのうち、比較例４，５のペーストでは、応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫが大きい領域では、実施例１〜３と同様に、き裂進展速度が低下したが、応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫが小さい領域（２６ＭＰａ・ｍ１／２以下）では、き裂進展速度の低下が図れず、き裂進展抑制効果が小さくなった。なお、比較例３〜５のペーストのうち、比較例３のペーストについては、比較例４，５に比べて粒径が比較的小さい範囲（２μｍ超〜１０μｍ以下）の粒子も有しているので、き裂進展抑制効果が発現しない範囲が狭く、応力拡大係数範囲ΔＫが比較例４，５の場合に比べてより小さい領域において、実施例３よりもき裂進展抑制効果が小さくなった。 Further, as can be seen from FIG. 7, among the pastes of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 consisting of particles having a particle size distribution in which the particle diameter deviates to the large diameter side and the small diameter particles are insufficient, Comparative Examples 4 and 5 In the paste, in the region where the stress intensity factor range ΔK is large, the crack growth rate is reduced as in Examples 1 to 3, but in the region where the stress intensity factor range ΔK is small (26 MPa · m 1/2 or less), The crack growth rate could not be reduced, and the crack growth suppressing effect was reduced. Of the pastes of Comparative Examples 3 to 5, the paste of Comparative Example 3 also has particles having a relatively small particle size (over 2 μm to 10 μm or less) compared to Comparative Examples 4 and 5. In a region where the crack growth inhibiting effect is not manifested and the stress intensity factor range ΔK is smaller than those in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the crack propagation inhibiting effect is smaller than in Example 3.

このため、比較例４，５のペーストでは、発生した疲労き裂に対して、その初期段階、あるいは初期段階からき裂が進展する段階にかけて、また、比較例３のペーストでは、発生した疲労き裂の初期段階において、き裂進展抑制効果が不十分となり、よって、疲労き裂のある鋼構造物の延命化に寄与できないこととなる。   For this reason, with the pastes of Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the fatigue cracks that occurred occurred in the initial stage or the stage where the cracks propagated from the initial stage. In the initial stage, the crack growth suppressing effect is insufficient, and therefore it cannot contribute to the extension of the life of a steel structure having a fatigue crack.

Claims (3)

金属部材の疲労き裂の進展を抑制する疲労き裂進展抑制用ペーストであって、粒子と液体とを混合してなり、前記粒子の粒度分布が、粒径２０μｍ以下の粒子が１００質量％、粒径１０μｍ以下の粒子が９５〜１００質量％、粒径２．０μｍ以下の粒子が４５〜９９質量％、粒径１．０μｍ以下の粒子が２０〜８５質量％、粒径０．５μｍ以下の粒子が７〜５０質量％、粒径０．１μｍ以下の粒子が０〜５質量％、の範囲であることを特徴とする疲労き裂進展抑制用ペースト。   A paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth that suppresses the growth of fatigue cracks in a metal member, comprising a mixture of particles and liquid, the particle size distribution of which is 100% by mass of particles having a particle size of 20 μm or less, Particles having a particle size of 10 μm or less are 95 to 100% by mass, particles having a particle size of 2.0 μm or less are 45 to 99% by mass, particles having a particle size of 1.0 μm or less are 20 to 85% by mass, and particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or less. A paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth, characterized in that particles are in the range of 7 to 50% by mass and particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or less are in the range of 0 to 5% by mass. 粘度が５Ｐａ・ｓ以上７０Ｐａ・ｓ未満であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペースト。   The paste for fatigue crack growth suppression according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity is 5 Pa · s or more and less than 70 Pa · s. 前記粒子がアルミナであることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の疲労き裂進展抑制用ペースト。   The paste for suppressing fatigue crack growth according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particles are alumina.
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