JP2013122077A - Silver powder and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide silver powder for silver paste, configured to prevent generation of coarse particles and coagulation of particles, and to provide a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: When silver liquid containing a silver complex is mixed with reductant solution to clean and filter silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex, and dried thereafter, it is heated and agitated in a rolling agitator in a vacuum atmosphere, pulverization is performed simultaneously. The mean particle size, measured by scanning electron microscopy, is 0.3-2.0 μm. The mean particle size D50 in a volume particle distribution to be obtained by laser diffraction method is 0.5-4.0 μm. The maximum particle size D100 is 15 μm or less. A rate of change in crystallite diameter, which is calculated from a diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction, between before and after pulverization is less than 25%.

Description

  The present invention relates to silver powder and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a silver powder that is a main component of a silver paste used for forming a wiring layer or an electrode of an electronic device and a method for producing the same.

  Silver pastes such as resin-type silver paste and fired-type silver paste are frequently used to form wiring layers and electrodes in electronic devices. That is, after applying or printing these silver pastes on various substrates, a conductive film to be a wiring layer, an electrode, or the like can be formed by heat curing or heat baking.

  For example, a resin-type silver paste is made of silver powder, resin, curing agent, solvent, etc., printed on a conductor circuit pattern or terminal, and cured by heating at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. to form a conductive film. Form. The fired silver paste is made of silver powder, glass, solvent, etc., printed on a conductor circuit pattern or terminal, and heated and fired at 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. to form a conductive film to form wirings and electrodes. In wirings and electrodes formed of these silver pastes, electrically connected current paths are formed by continuous silver powder.

  The silver powder used in the silver paste has a particle size of 0.1 μm to several μm, and the particle size of the silver powder used varies depending on the thickness of the wiring to be formed, the thickness of the electrode, and the like. Further, by uniformly dispersing silver powder in the silver paste, it is possible to form a wiring having a uniform thickness or an electrode having a uniform thickness.

  The characteristics required of silver powder for silver paste vary depending on the application and use conditions, but the general and important thing is that the particle size is uniform, there is little aggregation, and the dispersibility in the paste is high. . This is because if the particle size is uniform and the dispersibility in the paste is high, curing or firing proceeds uniformly, and a conductive film having low resistance and high strength can be formed. Conversely, if the particle size is not uniform and the dispersibility is poor, silver particles will not be uniformly present in the printed film, resulting in not only uneven thickness and thickness of the wiring and electrodes, but also curing or firing. By being uniform, the resistance of the conductive film tends to increase, or the conductive film tends to be brittle and weak.

  In addition, since silver powder has a certain storage period from production to use, it does not only need to be pulverized if it aggregates during the period until it is used, but it also impairs the good particle size distribution during production. Even if it is used as a silver paste, the original performance may not be exhibited sufficiently. Therefore, it is also an important characteristic that coarse particles are not generated due to aggregation during the storage period.

  Further, as a matter required for silver powder for silver paste, it is also important that the manufacturing cost is low. This is because silver powder is a main component of the silver paste, and therefore has a large proportion of the paste price. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, it is important not only to have high productivity and low unit cost of raw materials and materials to be used, but also to have low waste liquid and exhaust treatment costs.

  As for the production of silver powder used in the silver paste, for example, as in Patent Document 1, production using inexpensive silver chloride as a raw material is performed. According to this method, silver particles having a particle size of 0.3-2 μm can be obtained, but the particle size from the electron microscope image is not described about the actual particle size distribution, and aggregates are formed in the drying process. there's a possibility that.

  In Patent Document 2, a slurry containing an ammine complex of silver salt such as silver nitrate and an ammine complex of heavy metal functioning as a crystallizing agent in the reduction reaction, potassium sulfite as a reducing agent, and gum arabic as a protective colloid. A method is described in which an ammine complex of a silver salt is reduced by mixing with a containing solution. According to this method, a granular silver powder having an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 1 μm and a low aggregation and a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained. However, even in this method, the drying process is not described in detail, and the aggregation result is estimated from an electron microscope image, and the actual particle size distribution measurement result is not described.

  In Patent Document 3 in which a post-treatment step is introduced in consideration of re-aggregation after the reduction step, the addition rate of the reducing agent-containing aqueous solution is set to 1 equivalent / min or more, and the resulting silver powder-containing slurry is filtered and washed with water. A wet cake with a rate of 20 to 80% is mixed and pulverized in a mixer, or mixed and pulverized with a dispersant in the mixer, so that silver powder with excellent dispersibility can be obtained. ing. However, since the mixture is pulverized, filtered, washed with water and dried, the silver powder itself cannot be denied the possibility of reaggregation, and there is no description of the maximum particle size. Moreover, although it describes about the surface roughness of the coating film after baking, since it is baking at high temperature of 850 degreeC, leveling occurs and it cannot be said that it is a numerical value reflected from the actual maximum particle size.

  Moreover, in patent document 4, after performing the surface smoothing process which makes particles collide mechanically to the silver powder manufactured by the wet reduction method, the silver aggregate is removed by classification. The surface smoothing treatment is performed by putting the dried silver powder into an apparatus capable of mechanically fluidizing the particles and causing the silver powder to mechanically collide with each other. According to this method, there is no choice but to rely on classification, and the actual classification efficiency is not described, resulting in high costs. Moreover, since the surface is smoothed by strong crushing, it can be inferred that the surface damage is large.

  In Patent Document 5, by adding a reducing agent to an aqueous reaction system containing silver ions, silver powder is reduced and precipitated, and then the cake obtained by filtering the reaction slurry is dried by an airflow dryer. Silver powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm is obtained. Although the maximum particle size is 10 μm or less according to the examples, it cannot be said to be a particle size distribution in an actual dry state because a considerable dispersion treatment is performed by an ultrasonic cleaner before the measurement.

  In Patent Document 6, a wet reduction method in which a silver ion-containing solution and a reducing agent-containing solution are contact-mixed is used, the silver ion-containing solution contains an aqueous silver nitrate solution and nitrite ions, and the reducing agent-containing solution is ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid. This is a method for producing silver powder, which comprises one or more selected from the group of isomers dissolved in water. The average particle diameter of the laser diffraction method is 4 to 6 μm, and the crystallite size is 540 to 600 mm, but the maximum particle diameter is 15 μm or more.

  In Patent Document 7, a silver ammine complex aqueous solution and a reducing agent aqueous solution are caused to flow through different flow paths, contacted and mixed for reduction precipitation, and seed particles and an imine compound are mixed in the reaction system before the reduction deposition of the silver particles. And silver powder is made. The laser diffraction method D50 is 0.1 μm or more and less than 1 μm, and there is no description about the maximum particle size. The crystallite size is 15 to 40 nm (150 to 400 mm).

  As described above, many proposals have been made for a method for producing silver powder. However, a method for producing silver powder that is not classified, has good dispersibility, is less likely to reagglomerate, and can be produced at low cost. Almost no reports have been made.

JP 2010-043337 A JP-A-11-189812 Japanese Patent No. 4012960 JP 2007-186798 A JP 2008-1974 A JP 2008-179851 A JP 2010-70793 A

  Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, Comprising: It aims at providing the silver powder for silver paste in which generation | occurrence | production of the coarse particle and aggregation of particle | grains were suppressed, and its manufacturing method.

  As a result of diligently examining the aggregation of silver powder for silver paste, the present inventor has obtained knowledge that the damage to the silver particle surface can be reduced by simultaneously performing drying and crushing under specific conditions. Further, the present inventor has obtained the knowledge that damage to the silver particle surface due to crushing for adjusting the final particle size distribution has a great influence on aggregation during storage, and has led to the present invention.

  That is, the silver powder production method according to the present invention is obtained by mixing a silver solution containing a silver complex and a reducing agent solution, washing the silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex, filtering, and drying. In the method for producing silver powder, the drying is characterized in that crushing is simultaneously performed by heating and stirring in a rolling stirrer in a vacuum reduced pressure atmosphere.

  In addition, the silver powder according to the present invention is prepared by mixing a silver solution containing a silver complex and a reducing agent solution, washing and filtering a silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex, and simultaneously performing drying and crushing. The average particle size obtained by observation with a scanning electron microscope is 0.3 to 2.0 μm, the average particle size D50 of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction method is 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, and the maximum particle size D100 is The change rate after the crushing of the crystallite diameter calculated from the diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction after the crushing is less than 25%.

  According to the present invention, generation of coarse particles and aggregation of particles can be suppressed, and further aggregation during storage can be suppressed. Moreover, according to this invention, silver powder does not aggregate until it is used as a paste raw material, and when it is used as a paste, the original performance of silver powder can be exhibited, which is suitable for a silver paste.

It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the silver powder of Example 1. It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the silver powder of Example 2 and 3. It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the silver powder of the comparative example 1.

  Below, the manufacturing method of the silver powder and silver powder to which this invention is applied is demonstrated in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following detailed description unless otherwise specified.

  Silver powder is contained in a resin-type silver paste composed of a curing agent, a resin, a solvent, or the like, or a fired silver paste composed of glass, a solvent, or the like. Resin-type silver paste and fired-type silver paste containing silver powder are used for forming wiring layers and electrodes. When silver powder is contained in the silver paste, it is required to be a silver powder with little aggregation so that the thickness and thickness of the wiring and electrodes formed are uniform and cured. In the method for producing silver powder of the present embodiment, silver particles are produced by a wet reduction method, the aggregation of the obtained silver particles is suppressed, the maximum particle size is small, the generation of coarse particles and the aggregation of particles are suppressed, Furthermore, silver powder in which aggregation during storage is also suppressed can be obtained.

  The method for producing silver powder uses a wet method in which a solution containing a silver complex obtained by dissolving silver nitrate or silver chloride with a complexing agent and a reducing agent solution are mixed, and the silver complex is reduced to obtain silver particles. Silver particles are produced by this wet method, and the silver particle slurry washed after the surface treatment is heated and stirred in a rolling stirrer in a vacuum-reduced atmosphere atmosphere, thereby simultaneously drying and crushing. Here, it is important to simultaneously perform drying and crushing in a heated state.

  In the conventional method for producing silver powder by a wet method, the particles are crushed so as to have a desired particle size distribution after drying the silver particles. However, if the crushing is performed individually after drying, the surface of the silver particles is damaged by the crushing, that is, Distortion occurs. Silver powder originally has the property of easily agglomerating, but this strain promotes agglomeration and causes agglomeration after the production until it is used as a paste raw material.

  The silver powder manufacturing method of the present embodiment can greatly reduce the generation of strain that has occurred in the conventional manufacturing method by simultaneously performing drying and crushing in a heated state. Thereby, the silver powder obtained by the manufacturing method of this silver powder can suppress aggregation until it is used as a paste raw material.

  Further, the silver particles obtained by the wet method are aggregated in the slurry after washing, and further aggregated by drying. In the method for producing silver powder according to the present embodiment, by simultaneously performing drying and crushing in a heated state, the agglomeration in the slurry can be crushed and the aggregation at the time of drying can be suppressed. Silver powder having the following is obtained.

  In this silver powder production method, strain is generated on the surface of silver particles by stirring in a rolling stirrer, but since silver recovers easily, even if strain is generated by stirring in a heated state, the strain is generated each time. And can be adjusted to a desired particle size distribution without significant distortion accumulation.

  The manufacturing method of the silver powder of this invention is demonstrated in detail for every process.

  First, a silver powder is produced by mixing a silver complex solution containing a silver complex obtained by dissolving a silver salt with a complexing agent and a reducing agent solution, reducing the silver complex, and precipitating silver particles. A particle slurry is obtained.

In the step of producing the silver particle slurry, silver nitrate or silver chloride is dissolved using a complexing agent to prepare a silver complex solution containing a silver complex. Although it does not specifically limit as a complexing agent, It is preferable to use the ammonia water which is easy to form a complex with silver nitrate, silver chloride, etc. and does not contain the component which remains as an impurity. Further, silver nitrate, silver chloride, and the like are preferably used with high purity, and silver chloride that is easy to handle and has a low environmental load due to discharge of NO _X or the like is preferably used.

  As a method for dissolving silver nitrate or silver chloride, for example, when ammonia water is used as a complexing agent, a slurry such as silver nitrate or silver chloride may be prepared and ammonia water may be added. In order to increase the temperature, it is preferable to add silver nitrate, silver chloride or the like to ammonia water and dissolve it. Ammonia water that dissolves silver nitrate, silver chloride, or the like may be a normal one that is used industrially, but preferably has a purity as high as possible in order to prevent contamination with impurities.

  Next, a reducing agent solution to be mixed with the silver complex solution is prepared. As the reducing agent, general hydrazine, formalin, ascorbic acid and the like can be used. Ascorbic acid is particularly preferable because it has a moderate reducing action and thus the crystal grains in the silver particles are easy to grow. Since hydrazine and formalin have a strong reducing power, crystals in silver particles tend to be small. Further, in order to control the uniformity of reaction and reaction rate, a reducing agent may be used as an aqueous solution whose concentration is adjusted by dissolving or diluting with pure water or the like.

  It is preferable to add a water-soluble polymer containing at least one of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone to the reducing agent solution. When the water-soluble polymer is not added, the nuclei generated by the reduction and the silver particles on which the nuclei have grown are aggregated, resulting in poor dispersibility. The addition amount of the water-soluble polymer may be appropriately determined depending on the type of the water-soluble polymer and the particle size of the silver powder to be obtained, but is 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to silver contained in the silver solution. It is preferable to be in the range.

  The water-soluble polymer can be mixed with the silver complex solution, but it is preferable to mix the water-soluble polymer with the reducing agent solution because a silver powder with good dispersibility can be obtained. This is a result confirmed experimentally. By mixing the reducing agent solution and the water-soluble polymer, the water-soluble polymer exists in the nucleation or nucleation field, and the generated nucleus or This is probably because the water-soluble polymer is rapidly adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles.

  When a water-soluble polymer is added, foaming may occur during the reduction reaction. Therefore, an antifoaming agent may be added to the silver complex solution or the reducing agent mixed solution. The antifoaming agent is not particularly limited, and may be one usually used during reduction. However, in order not to inhibit the reduction reaction, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is preferably set to a minimum level at which an antifoaming effect can be obtained.

  The water used for preparing the silver complex solution and the reducing agent solution is preferably water from which impurities have been removed, and particularly preferably pure water, in order to prevent contamination of impurities.

  Next, the silver solution and the reducing agent solution prepared as described above are mixed, and a reduction process is performed in which the silver complex is reduced to precipitate silver particles. This reduction reaction may be performed by a batch method or a continuous reduction method such as a tube reactor method or an overflow method. In order to obtain silver particles having a uniform particle diameter, it is preferable to use a tube reactor method in which the grain growth time is easily controlled. The particle size of the silver particles can be controlled by the mixing rate of the silver solution and the reducing agent solution and the reduction rate of the silver complex, and can be easily controlled to the target particle size. The silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex was filtered and solid-liquid separated to obtain silver particles. The average particle diameter of the silver particles observed with a scanning electron microscope is 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm, preferably 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm. The average particle diameter of the silver particles is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the wiring to be formed and the thickness of the electrode.

  Next, a cleaning process for cleaning the obtained silver particles is performed. Silver particles have a large amount of anions such as chlorine and water-soluble polymers adsorbed on the surface, such as impurities and chlorides of raw materials. Therefore, in order to make the wiring layer and electrode formed using the silver paste have sufficient conductivity, the obtained silver particle slurry is washed, and the anions adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles and excess It is necessary to remove the water-soluble polymer adhering to the surface. Even if these are removed, the appropriate amount of surfactant or dispersant is adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles by the surface treatment described later, so that the aggregation of the silver particles and the high conductivity of the wiring layer and electrode are improved. Both can be achieved.

  As a cleaning method, generally, a method in which silver particles solid-liquid separated from a slurry are put into a cleaning liquid, stirred using a stirrer or an ultrasonic cleaner, and then solid-liquid separated again to recover silver particles. Used. In order to sufficiently remove the adsorbate on the surface of the silver particles, it is preferable to repeat the operation of introducing the silver particles into the washing liquid, stirring and washing, and performing solid-liquid separation at least twice.

  The cleaning liquid uses an alkaline solution or water in order to efficiently remove the anions adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles and the water-soluble polymer. As the alkaline solution, it is preferable to use any one of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution, and aqueous ammonia, or a mixture thereof. In addition, there is no problem even if an alkaline solution made of an inorganic compound or an organic compound is used. The water used for the cleaning liquid is preferably water that does not contain an impurity element harmful to silver particles, and pure water is particularly preferable.

  The concentration of the alkaline solution is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass. When the amount is less than 0.01% by mass, the cleaning effect is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 20% by mass, an alkali metal salt may remain unacceptably in the silver particles. Therefore, when a high-concentration alkaline solution is used, it is necessary to carry out sufficient pure water washing after washing to suppress residual alkali metal salts.

  Next, surface treatment for forming a coating layer on the surface of the silver particles is performed. When washed with an alkaline solution or water, the water-soluble polymer adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles is easily removed. Therefore, the silver particles are easily aggregated at the portion where the water-soluble polymer is removed. For this reason, if the surface treatment is performed after washing, the surface treatment is performed on the surface of the agglomerated silver particles, and a surface that has not been surface-treated appears due to crushing after drying, resulting in uneven surface treatment. May be. However, as will be described later, by performing drying and crushing simultaneously in the heated state, the generation of strain on the surface of the silver particles is suppressed, and therefore the surface that is not partially surface-treated by the surface treatment after washing Even if it appears, aggregation during storage is unlikely to occur. In order to further suppress aggregation, surface treatment may be performed before washing or during the washing step.

  The surface treatment is performed on the silver particles with a surfactant or more preferably with a surfactant and a dispersant. It is preferable to use a cationic surfactant for the surface treatment. Since the cationic surfactant is ionized into positive ions without being affected by pH, an effect of improving the adsorptivity to silver powder can be obtained. When surface treatment is performed on silver particles, the surface of the silver particles obtained by reducing a silver complex obtained from silver nitrate, silver chloride, or the like may be a cationic surfactant that can be at least positive ions in an ionized state, for example. Is adsorbed, or a dispersant is further adsorbed on the surfactant adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles.

  The apparatus used for the cleaning and surface treatment of silver particles may be a commonly used apparatus, and for example, a reaction tank equipped with a stirrer can be used.

  When surface treatment is performed with a surfactant and a dispersant, the surfactant can be strongly adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles, and the dispersant can be strongly adsorbed via the surfactant. it can. The surface-treated silver powder suppresses the aggregation of the silver powder due to the effects of the surfactant and the dispersant, and suppresses the aggregation of the surfactant and the dispersant even in the silver paste using the organic solvent. Good dispersibility is obtained in the paste.

  After the surface treatment, silver particles are recovered by solid-liquid separation. The apparatus used for solid-liquid separation may be a commonly used apparatus such as a centrifuge, a suction filter, a filter press, or the like.

  Next, after solid-liquid separation, drying and crushing are simultaneously performed by heating and stirring in a rolling stirrer in a vacuum and reduced pressure atmosphere. By performing drying and crushing at the same time, crushing before solid agglomeration due to drying occurs, so it is possible to prevent large strains from being generated by crushing, and the coating layer formed on the surface of the silver particles is destroyed. Can be prevented. In this drying and crushing, since the generation of strain of silver particles can be greatly reduced, aggregation of silver particles can be suppressed. By performing this drying and crushing in a vacuum atmosphere, drying can be performed in a short time, and deterioration of silver powder due to oxidation can also be prevented.

  As a heating temperature at the time of performing drying and crushing simultaneously, it is preferable to set it as the temperature of 50 degreeC or more, and it is preferable that it is 60 to 80 degreeC. Further, at the initial stage of drying and crushing where the amount of water in the silver powder is large, the temperature may not exceed 50 ° C. At the initial stage of drying and pulverization, heating may be performed at a temperature in an atmosphere that is equal to or higher than the set heating temperature, preferably 10 ° C. or less on the high temperature side. And what is necessary is just to heat up to a temperature range of 50 to 80 degreeC by completion of drying and crushing. This is because, in a state where the water content is high, the cohesive force of the silver particles is weak and there is little re-aggregation, so there is little distortion due to crushing, but when the water content decreases, the cohesive force increases and it tends to re-aggregate. This is because the generation of distortion due to crushing increases. That is, since the temperature necessary for eliminating the strain also increases due to the recovery of silver, it is necessary to set the temperature of the silver powder to 50 to 80 ° C. in the above temperature range at the completion of drying when the amount of water is reduced. . By setting the temperature of the atmosphere for drying and crushing to a condition of 50 to 80 ° C., the temperature of the silver powder is increased as the water content of the silver powder is reduced, and drying and crushing can be performed simultaneously.

  For the purpose of eliminating distortion, a method of crushing and heating after drying or a method of crushing in a heated state after drying can be considered. The surface layer is formed on the surface of the silver particles by the surface treatment, and the clothing layer that suppresses aggregation and improves dispersibility is destroyed, and the effect of suppressing aggregation during storage cannot be sufficiently obtained.

  The peripheral speed of the stirring blade of the rolling stirrer is preferably 40 m / second or less, and more preferably 7 m / second to 20 m / second. If the peripheral speed exceeds 40 m / second, the distortion of the silver particle surface may become too large. In this silver powder production method, since the silver slurry before solid aggregation due to drying is crushed simultaneously with the drying, crushing under a condition where the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 40 m / sec or less is sufficient.

  The time for carrying out the drying and crushing at the same time is not particularly limited, and may vary depending on the amount of silver powder to be treated and the water content, but may be a time for sufficiently drying the silver powder. On the other hand, in a long implementation, the coating layer of silver particles may be peeled off, and therefore it is preferably within 60 minutes.

  Moreover, in this silver powder manufacturing method, in order to further control the particle size distribution of the silver particles, after drying and crushing at the same time, the powder is further pulverized by heating and holding in a temperature range of 50 to 80 ° C. Even when drying and crushing are performed at the same time, the silver particles slightly aggregate due to the influence of moisture, but the aggregated particles can be sufficiently broken by further crushing in a heated state. The agglomeration force due to drying and crushing performed simultaneously in a heated state is weak, so the amount of agglomeration is small, and in further crushing, almost no distortion occurs. For this reason, the particle size distribution of the silver particles can be controlled by further crushing. In addition, if it cools after implementing drying and crushing simultaneously, since both cohesion force and the amount of aggregation will increase, it is preferable to perform further crushing continuously after implementing drying and crushing simultaneously. . In addition, the peripheral speed and processing time of the stirring blades during this further pulverization are preferably 40 m / second or less, and the processing speed is the same as the conditions when the drying and pulverization are simultaneously performed. Is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined depending on the amount of aggregation.

  As described above, the method for producing silver powder suppresses agglomeration due to drying by crushing by simultaneously drying and crushing the silver particles obtained from the silver particle slurry with a rolling stirrer in a vacuum reduced pressure atmosphere in a heated state. Even if strain is generated on the surface of the silver particles, since it is in the heated state, it is possible to suppress the recovery of silver and the significant accumulation of strain, and it is possible to adjust to a desired particle size distribution. Moreover, in this silver powder production method, silver particles can be prevented from agglomerating, and since the destruction of the coating layer on the surface of the silver particles is suppressed, a silver powder having good dispersibility and also suppressed agglomeration during storage is produced. Can do. Thereby, in this manufacturing method of silver powder, generation | occurrence | production of a coarse particle can be prevented, and the silver powder which has a desired maximum particle size distribution with a small largest particle size can be obtained. Moreover, this silver powder manufacturing method is a method that can be easily carried out even on an industrial scale, and costs can be reduced by performing drying and crushing simultaneously.

  Specifically, the silver powder obtained by the above-described method for producing silver powder has an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm by observation with a scanning electron microscope, and an average particle diameter D50 of a volume-based particle size distribution obtained by a laser diffraction method. 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, the maximum particle size D100 is 15 μm or less, and the change rate after pulverization of the crystallite diameter calculated from the diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is 25% or less. is there.

  The average particle diameter by scanning electron microscope observation is obtained, for example, by performing observation with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 10,000, measuring 300 or more particle diameters of arbitrary particles with image processing software or the like, and averaging the number. If the average particle diameter of the silver powder observed with a scanning electron microscope is less than 0.3 μm, the viscosity of the silver paste becomes too high, making it difficult to form the wiring layer and the electrode. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter exceeds 2.0 μm, it is difficult to form a fine wiring layer. Therefore, when the average particle diameter of the silver powder is 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm, the viscosity of the silver paste does not become too high, and a fine wiring layer or electrode can be formed.

  Further, if the average particle size D50 of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction method is less than 0.5 μm, the viscosity of the silver paste becomes too high, and if it exceeds 4.0 μm, it becomes difficult to form a fine wiring layer. . Therefore, when the average particle diameter D50 is in the range of 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, the viscosity of the silver paste does not become too high, and a fine wiring layer can be formed. Further, when the maximum particle diameter D100 exceeds 15 μm, a large amount of coarse particles are contained, and flakes may be generated at the time of preparing the paste, and it becomes difficult to form a fine wiring layer. When the maximum particle size D100 is 15 μm or less, there are few coarse particles and a fine wiring layer can be formed.

  Moreover, the obtained silver powder has a change rate after crushing of the crystallite diameter calculated from the diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction (XRD) after crushing is 25% or less. The rate of change of the crystallite diameter before and after crushing is an index indicating the strain on the surface of the silver particle, that is, the damage to the surface of the silver particle. In addition to causing strong agglomeration, re-pulverization is required at the time of preparing the paste, and when the agglomeration progresses, the agglomerated powder may be in a state unsuitable for use even if re-pulverized. In the method for producing silver powder, since the powder is crushed in a heated state, the crystallite diameter may become larger than before the pulverization due to recovery of silver or the like. Therefore, it is preferable that the crystallite diameter after crushing is 75% to 125% with respect to the crystallite diameter before crushing.

  Furthermore, it can be evaluated that the silver powder particle surface has less distortion by heating the silver powder and measuring the crystallite diameter. That is, the crystallite diameter calculated from the diffraction peak by XRD measurement after holding at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes is preferably 90% to 125% with respect to the crystallite diameter before holding. The crystallite diameter can be calculated from the (111) plane diffraction peak by XRD measurement using the Scherrer equation.

  The crystallite diameter calculated from the diffraction peak by XRD measurement is preferably 50 nm to 80 nm. If the crystallite diameter is less than 50 nm, when the paste formed wiring is soldered, silver may diffuse into the solder and the wiring may not be maintained. On the other hand, if the crystallite diameter exceeds 80 nm, the sintering temperature rises and it may be difficult to form wiring at a low temperature.

  Thus, when the silver powder having a small distortion on the particle surface is stored at room temperature for more than half a year after crushing to finally obtain the silver powder, D50 and D100 indicating the particle size distribution are 2 It is less than double and there is very little aggregation during storage. Here, the room temperature is a temperature at which cooling or heating is not performed, and is usually about 0 ° C to 40 ° C.

  As described above, the silver powder to which the present invention is applied has an average particle size of 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm, an average particle size D50 of a volume-based particle size distribution of 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, and a maximum particle size The diameter D100 is 15 μm or less, and the rate of change after pulverization of the crystallite diameter before pulverization is less than 25%, so that there are no coarse particles or aggregates of silver particles, good dispersibility, Since there is no damage on the surface, aggregation before use as a paste is suppressed, the original performance of silver powder can be demonstrated when used as a paste, and finer wiring can be formed, making it suitable for wiring accompanying fine lines. Suitable for resin-type silver paste and fired-type silver paste.

  Moreover, this silver powder is not only excellent in dispersibility in the paste, but also the wiring layer and the electrode formed by the resin-type silver paste and the fired-type silver paste using the same are excellent in uniformity and conductivity. Therefore, the industrial value is extremely large as a silver paste for use in the formation of fine line wiring layers and electrodes of electronic devices expected in the future.

  Specific examples to which the present invention is applied will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

<Example 1>
In Example 1, 2786 g of silver chloride (manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., purity 99.9999%) was added to 36 L of 25% ammonia water maintained at a liquid temperature of 36 ° C. in a 38 ° C. warm bath with stirring. A silver complex solution was prepared. An antifoaming agent (manufactured by Adeka Co., Ltd., Adecanol LG-126) is diluted 100 times in volume ratio, 24.4 mL of this antifoaming agent dilution is added to the silver complex solution, and the resulting silver complex solution is heated in a bath. Maintained at 36 ° C.

  On the other hand, 1317 g of reducing agent ascorbic acid (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent) was dissolved in 10.56 L of pure water at 36 ° C. to obtain a reducing agent solution. Next, 398 g of water-soluble polymer polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA205) was collected, and a solution dissolved in 4 L of 36 ° C. pure water was mixed with the reducing agent solution.

  The silver complex solution and the reducing agent solution were fed into a Y-shaped tube having an inner diameter of 10 mmφ at 2.7 L / min and 0.90 L / min using a pump, respectively, to reduce the silver complex. The reduction rate at this time is 126.5 g / min in terms of silver. The ratio of the reducing agent supply rate to the silver supply rate was 3: 1. The slurry containing silver particles obtained by reduction of the silver complex was received in a receiving tank while stirring, and stirring in the receiving tank was continued for 60 minutes after completion of the receiving. The silver particle slurry after the stirring was filtered using a filter press, and the silver particles were solid-liquid separated.

  Subsequently, before the recovered silver particles were dried, the silver particles were put into 23 L of 0.2 mass% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, stirred for 15 minutes, and washed three times.

  Thereafter, the recovered silver slurry and 0.75 g of a polyoxyethylene-added quaternary ammonium salt, which is a commercially available cationic surfactant as a surface treatment agent (trade name: Silasol, 0.1% relative to silver particles, manufactured by Croda Japan Co., Ltd.). 04 mass%) and 14.08 g of a stearic acid emulsion as a dispersant (manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd., Cellosol 920, 0.75 mass% based on silver particles) are added to a 0.2 mass% / L NaOH aqueous solution. After the surface treatment by stirring, solid-liquid separation was performed again by a filter press.

  The solid-liquid separated silver particles were put into 23 L of pure water, and after stirring and filter pressing, a surface-treated silver slurry was obtained. The surface-treated silver slurry was heated in a rolling stirrer in a vacuum-reduced atmosphere under the following conditions, and crushed while stirring to obtain dried silver powder. Here, a Henschel mixer (manufactured by Nippon Coke Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is used, but any similar rolling agitator can be used.

  For drying and crushing, first, 1.75 kg of surface-treated silver slurry (water content 15.8 mass%) was taken and put into a 5 L Henschel mixer. During drying, the in-machine jacket is heated to 75 ° C. and stirred for 15 minutes at 1000 revolutions per minute (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 9.1 m / second). The pressure was maintained at 10 kPa) and dried. The temperature inside the machine rose from 40 ° C to 70 ° C. Thereafter, holding the heating at the same temperature, 1500 rotations per minute for 20 minutes (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 13.7 m / second), and further 2000 rotations for 10 minutes (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 18.2 m / second) The mixture was crushed by reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump while stirring. The moisture content of the silver powder was 0.5% by mass or less, and the drying was completed.

  The particle size distribution of the silver powder was measured using a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Nikkiso, MICROTRAC HRA 9320X-100). As the dispersion medium, isopropyl alcohol was used, and the measurement was performed by introducing silver powder in a state where the dispersion medium was circulated. Usually, silver slurry dispersed by ultrasonic waves or the like is often added. However, in Example 1, since the purpose is to evaluate the dispersibility of the silver powder itself, about 0.1 g of silver powder was directly added.

  The particle size distribution of the silver powder finally obtained from the surface-treated silver slurry is shown in FIG. The average particle size (hereinafter referred to as SEM particle size) of the silver slurry before drying and pulverization observed by scanning electron microscope is 0.84 μm, the volume average particle size D50 by laser diffraction scattering method is 14 μm, and the maximum particle size D100 is 105 μm. Met. The silver powder obtained after the final pulverization had a SEM particle size of 0.84 μm, D50 of 1.9 μm, maximum particle size D100 of 11 μm and good dispersibility. The crystallite diameter was calculated by the Scherrer equation from the diffraction peak on the (111) plane measured using an X-ray diffractometer (manufactured by PANalytical, X'PertPRO). From the results of Table 1, the surface-treated silver slurry is 63.6 nm, whereas the obtained silver powder is 71.4 nm, and the crystallite diameter after crushing is 112.3% with respect to that before crushing. is there.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was measured in the same manner for the silver powder held at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, it was 103.5% with respect to that before the holding.

  The silver powder obtained after crushing was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for half a year, and D50 and D100 were measured in the same manner. As a result, D50 was 1.9 μm and D100 was 13 μm, which was 2 times or less.

<Example 2>
In Example 2, a surface-treated silver slurry was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sodium hydroxide concentration during washing was 10% by mass and the number of washings was two.

  For drying and crushing, first, 1.75 kg of surface-treated silver slurry (water content 14.8% by mass) was taken and put into a 5 L Henschel mixer. During drying, the inner jacket is heated to 75 ° C and stirred for 15 minutes at 1000 revolutions per minute (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 9.1 m / sec), while being reduced in pressure with a vacuum pump (flowing shaft seal gas). The pressure was kept at 10 kPa) and dried and crushed. The temperature inside the machine rose from 40 ° C to 70 ° C. The moisture content of the silver powder was 0.5% by mass or less, and the drying was completed.

  The surface-treated silver slurry and silver powder were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The particle size distribution of the silver powder finally obtained from the surface-treated silver slurry is shown in FIG. The SEM particle size before drying and pulverization was 0.85 μm, the average particle size D50 was 3.2 μm, and the maximum particle size D100 was 37 μm. The silver powder obtained after pulverization had a SEM particle size of 0.85 μm, D50 of 2.1 μm, maximum particle size D100 of 11 μm and good dispersibility. From the results of Table 1, the crystallite diameter is 59.4 nm for the surface-treated silver slurry, whereas the obtained silver powder is 64.9 nm, and the crystallite diameter after crushing is that before crushing. It was 109.3%.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was similarly measured about the silver powder after hold | maintaining at 80 degreeC for 20 minute (s), it was 110.3% with respect to before holding | maintenance.

  The silver powder obtained after pulverization was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for 8 months, and D50 and D100 were measured in the same manner. As a result, D50 was 2.1 μm and D100 was 13 μm, which was less than 2 times. .

<Example 3>
In Example 3, the silver powder of Example 2 was kept heated at the same temperature and further stirred for 5 minutes at 2000 revolutions per minute (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade was 18.2 m / second). Re-crushing was performed under reduced pressure (flowing shaft seal gas and maintaining the pressure at 10 kPa).

  The obtained silver powder was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The particle size distribution of the silver powder finally obtained from the surface-treated silver slurry is shown in FIG. The silver powder obtained after re-pulverization had a SEM particle size of 0.85 μm, D50 of 2.0 μm, maximum particle size D100 of 11 μm and good dispersibility. From the results of Table 1, the crystallite diameter is 59.4 nm for the surface-treated silver slurry, whereas the obtained silver powder is 69.0 nm, and the crystallite diameter after crushing is that before crushing. It was 116.2%.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was similarly measured about the silver powder after hold | maintaining for 20 minutes at 80 degreeC, it was 113.9% with respect to before holding.

  The silver powder obtained after pulverization was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for 8 months, and then D50 and D100 were measured in the same manner. As a result, D50 was 2.0 μm and D100 was 13 μm, which was 2 times or less. .

<Example 4>
In Example 4, the silver powder of Example 2 was kept heated at the same temperature, and further 2500 rpm for 5 minutes each (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade was 22.8 m / sec), 3000 rotations (of the stirring blade) The peripheral speed is 27.3 m / sec), 3500 rotations (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 31.9 m / second), 4000 rotations (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade is 36.4 m / second), 4400 rotations (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade) Was reduced by a vacuum pump (shaft seal gas was flown and the pressure was maintained at 10 kPa), and re-crushing was performed while stirring at 40.0 m / sec.

  The obtained silver powder was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the particle size distribution of the silver powder finally obtained from the surface-treated silver slurry. The silver powder obtained after re-pulverization had a SEM particle size of 0.85 μm, D50 of 1.4 μm, maximum particle size D100 of 6.4 μm and good dispersibility. From the results shown in Table 1, the crystallite diameter is 59.4 nm for the surface-treated silver slurry, whereas the obtained silver powder is 58.1 nm, and the crystallite diameter after crushing is that before crushing. It was 97.8%.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was similarly measured about the silver powder after hold | maintaining at 80 degreeC for 20 minutes, it was 119.8% with respect to before holding | maintenance.

  The silver powder obtained after pulverization was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for 8 months, and then D50 and D100 were measured in the same manner. As a result, D50 was 1.5 μm, D100 was 6.5 μm, and it was 2 times or less. there were.

<Comparative Example 1>
In Comparative Example 1, the surface-treated silver slurry produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was transferred to a stainless steel pad and dried at 60 ° C. for 15 hours in a vacuum dryer to obtain a dry silver slurry. The average particle diameter D50 was 20 μm, and the maximum particle diameter D100 was 209 μm.

  1.1 kg of dry silver slurry was taken and put into a 5 L Henschel mixer. Crushing was carried out while stirring at 2200 revolutions per minute (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade was 20.0 m / sec) for 30 minutes without heating the in-machine jacket. The temperature inside the machine rose from 20 ° to finally 50 ° C.

  The dry silver slurry and silver powder were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The particle size distribution of the silver powder finally obtained from the dry silver slurry is shown in FIG. 3, and the average particle size and the like are shown in Table 1. Since the D50 of the silver powder obtained after crushing was 2.1 μm and the maximum particle diameter D100 was 37 μm, the agglomerated powder was considerably mixed. The crystallite size was 64.7 nm for the dry silver slurry, whereas the obtained silver powder was 72.8 nm, and the crystallite size after crushing was 112.5% of that before crushing. However, it can be seen that crushing is insufficient and coarse particles are mixed.

  In Comparative Example 1, since many coarse particles are mixed and cannot be used as silver powder, the crystallite diameter of silver powder after being held at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, and the silver powder at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for half a year D50 and D100 after storage were not measured.

<Comparative example 2>
In Comparative Example 2, the surface-treated silver slurry produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was transferred to a stainless steel pad and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 hours in a vacuum dryer to obtain a dry silver slurry. The average particle diameter D50 was 11 μm, and the maximum particle diameter D100 was 105 μm.

  50 g of the dry silver slurry was taken and placed in a sample mill (manufactured by Kyoritsu Riko Co., Ltd., SK-M2 type). Crushing was carried out for 3 minutes with stirring at 18,000 revolutions per minute (the peripheral speed of the stirring blade was 70.7 m / second).

  The dry silver slurry and silver powder were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and the like of the silver powder finally obtained from the dry silver slurry. The silver powder obtained after the crushing had a D50 of 1.2 μm, a maximum particle size D100 of 3.9 μm and good dispersibility. However, while the crystallite size and the dry silver slurry are 63.3 nm, the obtained silver powder is 45.3 nm, and the crystallite size after pulverization changes by 71.6% compared to before pulverization. The rate was 28.4%, and it was confirmed that a large strain was generated on the surface of the silver particles. Similar results have been confirmed to occur using a Henschel mill.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was similarly measured about the silver powder after hold | maintaining for 20 minutes at 80 degreeC, it was 130.3% with respect to before holding.

  When silver powder obtained after pulverization was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for half a year, aggregation was severe and measurement of particle size distribution was difficult.

<Comparative Example 3>
In Comparative Example 3, the surface-treated silver slurry produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was transferred to a stainless steel pad and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 hours in a vacuum dryer to obtain a dry silver slurry. The average particle diameter D50 was 11 μm, and the maximum particle diameter D100 was 105 μm.

  200 g of the dry silver slurry was taken and put into a super jet mill (Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd., SJ-500CB type). The treatment was performed at a supply rate of 2 kg / hour and a pressure of 0.3 MPa.

  The dry silver slurry and silver powder were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and the like of the silver powder finally obtained from the dry silver slurry. The silver powder obtained after the crushing had a D50 of 1.3 μm, a maximum particle size D100 of 4.6 μm and good dispersibility. However, while the crystallite particle diameter and the dry silver slurry are 61.3 nm, the obtained silver powder is 37.1 nm, and the crystallite diameter after crushing is 60.5% of that before crushing, The rate of change was 39.5%, and it was confirmed that a large strain was generated on the surface of the silver particles.

  Furthermore, when the crystallite diameter was measured in the same manner for the silver powder held at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, it was 143.1% of that before the holding.

  When silver powder obtained after pulverization was stored at room temperature (5-35 ° C.) for half a year, aggregation was severe and measurement of particle size distribution was difficult.

  As described above, in Examples 1 to 4 in which the surface-treated silver slurry was stirred while being dried in a heating state of 50 ° C. or higher, the average particle diameter was 0.3 to 2.0 μm, and the average particle diameter D50 was 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, the maximum particle size D100 is 15 μm or less, the change rate of the crystallite diameter after crushing is less than 25%, aggregation is suppressed, coarse particles are not generated, dispersibility Excellent silver powder was obtained. As shown in Examples 1 to 4, the silver powder to which the present invention is applied has good dispersibility, no coarse particles / aggregates, and no surface damage. Therefore, fine wiring can be formed and wiring accompanying fine lines. It can be used for resin-type silver paste and fired-type silver paste that can also be applied to the above.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which the surface-treated silver slurry was not dried and stirred at the same time in a heated state, aggregation was not suppressed and coarse particles were generated. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the silver powder obtained after crushing had good dispersibility, but the crystallite diameter of the silver powder after holding at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes was large, the surface distortion was large, and half a year. Aggregation became severe when stored for a long time.

Claims (9)

A silver powder containing a silver complex and a reducing agent solution are mixed, and the silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex is washed, filtered, and then dried, and then a method for producing silver powder obtained by drying,
The said drying is a manufacturing method of the silver powder characterized by performing crushing simultaneously by heating and stirring in the rolling stirrer of a vacuum decompression atmosphere.   The method for producing silver powder according to claim 1, wherein the drying and crushing are performed at a temperature of 50 ° C. or more.   The method for producing silver powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein after the drying and the pulverization are simultaneously performed, the pulverization is further performed while maintaining a temperature of 50 ° C or higher.   The method for producing silver powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing by the rolling stirrer is performed at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 40 m / sec or less. A silver solution containing a silver complex and a reducing agent solution are mixed, and the silver particle slurry obtained by reducing the silver complex is washed and filtered, and then dried and crushed simultaneously.
The average particle size by scanning electron microscope observation is 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm, the average particle size D50 of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction method is 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, and the maximum particle size D100 is 15 μm or less. A silver powder characterized in that a change rate of the crystallite diameter calculated from a diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction after the pulverization with respect to that before the pulverization is 25% or less.   6. The silver powder according to claim 5, wherein the crystallite diameter after the crushing is 75% to 125% with respect to the crystal grain diameter before the crushing.   6. The crystallite diameter calculated from a diffraction peak by X-ray diffraction after holding at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes is 90% to 125% with respect to the crystallite diameter before holding. Item 6. The silver powder according to item 6.   The silver powder according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the crystallite diameter is 50 nm to 80 nm.   The said D50 and said D100 which show a particle size distribution when it preserve | saves at room temperature for half a year or more after the said crushing are 2 times or less with respect to before storage, The any one of the Claims 5 thru | or 8 characterized by the above-mentioned. Silver powder according to item.

Images