JP2013116096A - Agricultural pipe house installation type solar heat heating system - Google Patents
Agricultural pipe house installation type solar heat heating system Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013116096A JP2013116096A JP2011278917A JP2011278917A JP2013116096A JP 2013116096 A JP2013116096 A JP 2013116096A JP 2011278917 A JP2011278917 A JP 2011278917A JP 2011278917 A JP2011278917 A JP 2011278917A JP 2013116096 A JP2013116096 A JP 2013116096A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
Description
本発明は太陽熱集熱器に係り、より詳しくは施設園芸ハウスに入射した太陽光線をハウスの北側で効率よく集熱してハウスの暖房の熱源にするシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a solar heat collector, and more particularly to a system for efficiently collecting solar rays incident on a facility horticultural house on the north side of the house to make a heat source for heating the house.
施設園芸ハウスの暖房は主に灯油および重油焚きボイラーによる温風暖房が主流だが、現在CO2の排出削減が求められ、自然エネルギー利用が要求されている。
太陽集熱器の性能はJISA4112「太陽集熱器」[非特許文献1]に規定され、その試験方法はJISA4125「太陽集熱器の集熱試験方法」[非特許文献2]に記載されている。
[特許文献1]に新しい太陽熱集熱器として透明なプラスチックを用いた太陽集熱器が開示されている。しかし、開示されている装置はキャンプなどに使う携帯用のものであり、長期使用出来る実用的なものではない。Hot air heating by kerosene and heavy oil-fired boilers is the mainstream for heating the facility horticulture house, but CO 2 emission reduction is currently required and the use of natural energy is required.
The performance of the solar collector is defined in JISA4112 “Solar collector” [Non-patent document 1], and the test method is described in JISA4125 “Solar collector heat collection test method” [Non-patent document 2]. Yes.
[Patent Document 1] discloses a solar collector using a transparent plastic as a new solar collector. However, the disclosed device is portable for camping and is not practical for long-term use.
[特許文献2]にプラスチック製の熱交換器を用いた太陽熱温水器が報告されている。しかし、これは一般住宅向けで施設園芸ハウスに応用しても効率は良くない。
施設園芸ハウスに入射した太陽光線で、直接光合成に関与しない光線を、ハウスの北側で効率よく集熱できて、なお且つそのハウスの暖房負荷を賄えるよう蓄熱できる機構が有効である。[Patent Document 2] reports a solar water heater using a plastic heat exchanger. However, this is for ordinary houses and is not efficient when applied to a facility horticulture house.
A mechanism that can efficiently collect light rays that are not directly involved in photosynthesis with sunlight incident on a facility horticultural house on the north side of the house and that can store the heating load of the house is effective.
[特許文献3]に本出願人が提案しているプラスチックフイルムを利用した集熱システムが報告されている。しかし、集熱器としての効率はよいが、施設園芸ハウスの外部に建設する為、耐風圧、耐雪構造にする為高価につき、又集熱システム上熱媒を一旦地下にあるレシーバータンクに受け止め、循環制御する落水型配管システムが必要になり、システム全体として費用対効果が満足できず、安価な農作物の暖房熱源になりづらい。
一般に施設園芸ハウスの一シーズンで使用する化石燃料の10倍が、即ち10年以下で初期投資が回収出来なければ太陽熱暖房システムの価値は評価されない。[Patent Document 3] reports a heat collection system using a plastic film proposed by the present applicant. However, the efficiency as a heat collector is good, but because it is constructed outside the facility horticultural house, it is expensive to make wind and pressure resistant, snow resistant structure, and the heat medium on the heat collecting system is once received in the receiver tank in the basement, A falling plumbing system for circulation control is required, and the system as a whole is not cost-effective, making it difficult to be an inexpensive heating source for agricultural products.
Generally, the value of a solar heating system is not evaluated unless ten times the fossil fuel used in one season of a facility horticultural house can be recovered, that is, less than 10 years.
本発明は施設園芸ハウスに入射した太陽光線をハウス外に逃がす事なく全て集熱して暖房熱源に利用する事を目的とする。 It is an object of the present invention to collect all the sunlight rays incident on a facility horticultural house without escaping outside the house and use it as a heating heat source.
集熱機構をハウス内部に設置する為、その設置に耕作地をとられ、栽培面積を縮小せざるを得ない。通常の集熱器を内部に設置すると、傾斜角度を45°〜60°の範囲に固定する為、北海道内の標準的パイプハウス7.2m巾の場合、約1/3をとられ2/3しか栽培できない。集熱面を水平に置き、入射光線を全て水平面集熱器に入る様に上部と下部に反射フイルムを設置した時の集熱面の巾はハウスの巾の1/6あれば従来の集熱器以上に集熱量が増大する。従って設置面積は半減する。[図3]参照。
この集熱した温水は、耕作地下に埋設されている樹脂管を通り、集熱した高温のお湯を循環して地下蓄熱層に蓄熱するシステムである。この蓄熱システムは1982年(社)日本太陽エネルギー学会第8回発表会で報告されており出願人が製作したものである。(講演論文集165頁〜168頁)
この配管は密閉配管システムで温度上昇による膨張は金属製集熱器ではない場合、樹脂製太陽熱集熱袋を使用する場合はその形状変化により吸収し、膨張タンクを必要としない。
この集熱袋の素材は、汎用樹脂に太陽光線を吸収するカーボンブラックおよび紫外線を吸収する素材、および短波長域は吸収するが、長波長域は反射する波長を選択するフィラー等を入れたバッチ樹脂を作り、ベースレジンに5%で配分して製作する。
集熱袋の下部は金属板で構築して断熱材をはさんで支持しており、金属板下側面には選択吸収膜がついている。集熱袋の上面と金属板下部は透過フイルムで覆われ、空気の対流を防止している。Because the heat collection mechanism is installed inside the house, it is necessary to reduce the cultivation area by cultivating land for the installation. If a normal heat collector is installed inside, the inclination angle is fixed within the range of 45 ° to 60 °. Therefore, in the case of a standard pipe house in Hokkaido of 7.2m wide, about 1/3 is taken and only 2/3. Can't grow. If the width of the heat collection surface is 1/6 of the width of the house when the heat collection surface is placed horizontally and the reflective film is installed at the top and bottom so that all incident light enters the horizontal heat collector, conventional heat collection The amount of heat collection is higher than that of the oven. Therefore, the installation area is halved. See FIG.
The collected hot water passes through a resin pipe embedded in the cultivated basement and circulates the collected hot water to store heat in the underground heat storage layer. This heat storage system was reported at the 8th presentation of the Japan Solar Energy Society in 1982 and was manufactured by the applicant. (Lectures 165-168)
This pipe is a closed pipe system, and expansion due to temperature rise is not a metal heat collector, and when a resin solar heat collecting bag is used, it absorbs due to its shape change and does not require an expansion tank.
The material of this heat collection bag is a batch in which carbon black that absorbs sunlight and materials that absorb ultraviolet rays are absorbed into a general-purpose resin, and a filler that selects the wavelength that reflects in the long wavelength range but reflects in the short wavelength range Make resin and distribute to base resin at 5%.
The lower part of the heat collection bag is constructed of a metal plate and supported by a heat insulating material, and a selective absorption film is attached to the lower side of the metal plate. The upper surface of the heat collecting bag and the lower part of the metal plate are covered with a permeable film to prevent air convection.
本発明のプラスチック集熱袋は金属板上に載荷され、その上を透過フイルムで覆っていて、透過フイルムと集熱フイルムとの間は傾斜が無く、従ってその間にある空気層は横方向に対流が起らず、小さな渦流が発生するだけで熱伝達損失が少ない。又下部金属板の集熱面は下側から加温される為、上部が高温で下部が低温となり、空気の対流は起らず、静止空気層で、対流熱伝達損失が起らず、図3に示す従来型との比較集熱量は700/485=1.44と通常の平板型集熱器の1.4倍と集熱量は多い。又ハウス内に設置する為、集熱温度と外気との温度差が小さく、従って集熱効率が高い。[図2]参照。
水平に置く事により、三大熱損失要素(放射、伝導、対流)の一番大きな要素である対流熱損失を少なくする事により、汲み置きシステムが可能になり、集熱用制御器、集熱用ポンプ、レシーバータンクが不要になる。集熱袋も押し出し機で薄く製造でき、1袋の大きさを巾1mで連続生産が可能で、持ち運びに便利な10mに切断してユニット化ができ、農家が10mの巻物を5本連結する事で北海道の標準的なハウスの太陽熱集熱器を組み立てる事が容易である。
エラストマーを素材とした集熱器は過去に様々あったが、フイルム厚が0.5m/mで1台が50m2以上の大型の集熱器は他に例を見ない。The plastic heat collecting bag of the present invention is loaded on a metal plate and covered with a permeable film, and there is no inclination between the permeable film and the heat collecting film. There is little heat transfer loss just by generating a small vortex. Also, since the heat collecting surface of the lower metal plate is heated from the lower side, the upper part is hot and the lower part is cold, air convection does not occur, convective heat transfer loss does not occur in the static air layer, Compared with the conventional type shown in No. 3, the heat collection amount is 700/485 = 1.44, 1.4 times that of a normal flat plate heat collector, and the heat collection amount is large. Moreover, since it is installed in the house, the temperature difference between the heat collection temperature and the outside air is small, and therefore the heat collection efficiency is high. See FIG.
By placing it horizontally, the convection heat loss, which is the largest element of the three major heat loss elements (radiation, conduction, convection), is reduced. Pumps and receiver tanks are no longer required. Heat collecting bags can be manufactured thinly with an extruder, and the size of each bag can be continuously produced with a width of 1 m. It can be unitized by cutting it into 10 m, which is convenient for carrying, and a farmer can connect five 10 m scrolls. It is easy to assemble a solar collector in a standard Hokkaido house.
There have been various collectors made of elastomer in the past, but there is no other example of a large collector with a film thickness of 0.5 m / m and one unit of 50 m 2 or more.
以下に図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を詳細に記載する。この記載は本発明を説明するためのものであって、この記載によって本発明の技術範囲を限定するものではなく、本発明の技術範囲が逸脱しない範囲で、多様に変更して実施する事が可能である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. This description is for explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention by this description. Various modifications may be made without departing from the technical scope of the present invention. Is possible.
図1は本発明の一実施形態に係る樹脂製太陽熱集熱袋システムをハウスに設置した概略を示す模式図である。
図1に示すように樹脂製太陽集熱袋は選択吸収膜の付いた金属板上に水平に載荷されており、金属板と袋とは密着しており、金属板を支えている部材はEPP断熱材を介してパイプ架台の上に載っている。
南側から入力した太陽光線は、直接または1回反射して集熱袋に吸収される。散乱光線および低位に入射した太陽光線は下部反射フイルムで反射し、金属板に吸収され、集熱袋の水を加熱する。従って集熱袋は上からと下側からと二方向より加温される。集熱袋は厚さ0.5mmのプラスチックフイルムで巾1m長さ10mを1ユニットとして水密に連接しており、巾1mの中に仕切線が9本あって巾9cmの流路10本を構成し、両端で合流するように配しており、1ユニットには平置して10Lの水が入る構造になっている。最上部の配管には自動エア抜き弁を設けている。
水温が上昇するに従って密閉配管システム内の水は膨張し、集熱袋の板状の形状が球状に変化する事によって膨張は吸収され、膨張タンクを必要としない。
集熱袋の温度が作土層の温度より7℃高くなった時、循環ポンプが稼動し、地下60cmの土壌と集熱袋との温度差が4℃以下になる迄循環して集熱した太陽熱を作土層に蓄熱する。夜間の放熱に充分足りている時は良いが、不足する作目に対しては集熱袋の巾を広げるとよい。又集熱袋の温度が3℃以下になった時、循環ポンプが稼動し、地下60cmの地温により集熱袋の凍結を防止する。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an outline in which a resin solar heat collecting bag system according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed in a house.
As shown in FIG. 1, the resin solar heat collecting bag is horizontally loaded on a metal plate with a selective absorption film, the metal plate and the bag are in close contact, and the member supporting the metal plate is an EPP. It is placed on the pipe mount via heat insulation.
Sun rays input from the south side are directly or once reflected and absorbed by the heat collection bag. Scattered light and sunlight incident on the lower level are reflected by the lower reflection film, absorbed by the metal plate, and heat the water in the heat collecting bag. Therefore, the heat collecting bag is heated from two directions, from above and from below. The heat collecting bag is a plastic film with a thickness of 0.5mm and is connected in a watertight manner as a unit of 1m in width and 10m in length. There are 9 partition lines in 1m in width and 10 channels in width 9cm are constructed. However, they are arranged so as to merge at both ends, and each unit has a structure in which 10 L of water enters in a flat position. An automatic air vent valve is provided in the uppermost pipe.
As the water temperature rises, the water in the sealed piping system expands, and the expansion of the heat collecting bag is changed into a spherical shape, so that the expansion is absorbed and an expansion tank is not required.
When the temperature of the heat collection bag became 7 ° C higher than the temperature of the soil layer, the circulation pump was activated and circulated and collected heat until the temperature difference between the soil 60cm underground and the heat collection bag became 4 ° C or less. Solar heat is stored in the soil layer. It is good when it is sufficient for heat dissipation at night, but it is better to widen the heat collection bag for the shortage. When the temperature of the heat collecting bag becomes 3 ° C. or lower, the circulation pump is operated to prevent the heat collecting bag from being frozen by the ground temperature of 60 cm underground.
現在普及している太陽熱集熱器の太陽熱変換効率は平均して35%であり価格も金属とガラスで構成しており高価である。其れに対して今回発明した集熱機構は裏表両面より集熱出来、集熱量も40%増加し、フイルム集熱袋で集熱する場合、価格も超安価であり灯油の暖房コストと競争出来るところまで来ている。世界的CO2排出削減運動が高まる中、この集熱システムは普及する。The solar heat conversion efficiency of solar collectors currently in widespread use is 35% on average, and the price is also expensive because it is made of metal and glass. On the other hand, the heat collecting mechanism invented this time can collect heat from both sides, the amount of heat collection increases by 40%, and when collecting heat with a film heat collecting bag, the price is very low and can compete with the heating cost of kerosene. It ’s here. This heat collection system becomes widespread as the global movement to reduce CO2 emissions increases.
1 農業用パイプハウス
2 集熱板上部反射シート
3 集熱板下部反射シート
4 集熱袋
5 集熱袋下部集熱板
6 蓄熱用ポンプ及びコントローラー
7 地下蓄熱層内調整弁付分岐ヘッター
8 地下配管
9 蓄熱槽
10 集熱袋
11 透過フイルム1 Agricultural pipe house 2 Heat collecting plate upper reflective sheet 3 Heat collecting plate lower reflective sheet 4 Heat collecting bag 5 Heat collecting bag lower heat collecting plate 6 Heat storage pump and controller 7 Branch header with adjusting valve in underground heat storage layer 8 Underground piping 9 Thermal storage tank 10 Heat collection bag 11 Permeation film
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111448915A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 青岛农业大学 | Energy storage wall and sunlight greenhouse |
CN112840912A (en) * | 2021-01-24 | 2021-05-28 | 张军善 | Solar intelligent heating equipment for cultivation greenhouse |
-
2011
- 2011-12-02 JP JP2011278917A patent/JP2013116096A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111448915A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 青岛农业大学 | Energy storage wall and sunlight greenhouse |
CN112840912A (en) * | 2021-01-24 | 2021-05-28 | 张军善 | Solar intelligent heating equipment for cultivation greenhouse |
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