JP2013110942A - Rotary electric machine and rotary electric machine control system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine which is configured to obtain torque by providing a shading coil on a salient pole of a rotor and capable of stably increasing the torque.SOLUTION: A rotary electric machine 10 includes a rotor 14. The rotor 14 includes: a plurality of rotor coils 44s wound around a plurality of rotor salient poles 42; a plurality of rotor shading coils 46s wound around one side tip salient poles 52 provided on the plurality of rotor salient poles 42; and a plurality of main diodes 54s and auxiliary diodes 56s. The plurality of main diodes 54s make magnetic characteristics generated on the rotor salient poles 42 alternately different in a circumferential direction by induced electromotive force generated on the rotor coils 44s. The plurality of auxiliary diodes 56s make magnetic characteristics generated on the one side tip salient poles 52 alternately different in the circumferential direction by an induction current generated on the rotor shading coils 46s and match with the magnetic characteristics generated on the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 by the induction current generated on the rotor coils 44s.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine in which a stator and a rotor are arranged to face each other and a rotating electrical machine control system including the rotating electrical machine.

  Conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, a rotating electrical machine in which a stator and a rotor are arranged to face each other, and is an end face of salient poles provided at a plurality of circumferential positions of the rotor, and has a rotational direction. On the opposite side, it is described that a scraping ring for preventing magnetic flux changes is provided. During the operation of the rotating electrical machine, a voltage is applied to the stator coil at the timing when the rotor salient pole approaches the stator salient pole, and the magnetic flux generated thereby causes the rotor salient pole to approach the stator salient pole further. Generate torque. Further, the application of voltage to the stator coil is stopped at a position where the salient pole of the stator and the salient pole of the rotor face each other. Even when the application of voltage to the stator coil is stopped, the magnetic flux continues without being interrupted by the inductance of the circuit. In this case, it is said that torque continues to be generated because the magnetic flux concentrates on the end face surrounded by the scraping ring.

  In such a rotating electric machine, it is supposed that the positive torque is increased and the reverse torque is decreased by a scraping ring provided on the salient pole of the rotor.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-206081

  In the rotating electrical machine described in Patent Document 1, if a configuration using a coiling coil instead of a coiling ring is adopted, a moving magnetic field is generated at the salient pole of the rotor by a lag current, and the torque during positive rotation can be increased. However, during reverse rotation, the end face provided with the scraping coil approaches the salient pole of the stator earlier than the end face without the scraping coil, so that the presence of the scraping coil serves as a resistance to the rotational direction and generates a so-called negative torque. there is a possibility. For this reason, the torque in the rotational direction at the time of reverse rotation may be reduced. Moreover, there is a possibility that the magnetic pole of the salient pole provided with the scraping coil is easily reversed by the induction current flowing through the scraping coil in both directions. For this reason, there is room for improvement in terms of stably increasing the torque of the rotating electrical machine.

  An object of the present invention is to stably increase the torque in a rotating electric machine with a configuration in which a winding coil is provided on a salient pole of a rotor to obtain torque.

  The rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine control system according to the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve the above object.

  A rotating electrical machine according to the present invention is a rotating electrical machine in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other, and the rotor is disposed at a plurality of locations of the rotor core and the rotor core, and each is provided on one circumferential side of the tip portion. A plurality of rotor salient poles having one-side tip salient poles, a main coil wound around each of the rotor salient poles, a scraping coil wound around each one-side tip salient pole, and a main connected to the main coil A plurality of main magnetic characteristic adjusting units including magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of rotor salient poles by an induced current generated in the main coil. And the plurality of sub-magnetic characteristic adjusting units alternately change the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of one-side tip salient poles in the circumferential direction by an induced current generated in the scraping coil. However, the stator is matched with the magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles by the induced current generated in the corresponding main coil, and the stator includes a stator core and a plurality of stator protrusions arranged at a plurality of circumferential positions of the stator core. The rotating electrical machine includes a pole and a second coil wound around each stator salient pole.

  According to the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, the torque can be stably increased by providing a winding coil on the salient pole of the rotor to obtain the torque.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, preferably, the main magnetic characteristic adjusting unit is a main diode, and the sub magnetic characteristic adjusting unit is a sub diode provided electrically independent of the main diode. And the stator further includes a second main coil and a second scraping coil that are the second coils wound around the stator salient poles, and the second main coil and the second scraping coil are: It allows currents to flow independently of each other.

  According to the above configuration, the coil is provided on the salient pole of the rotor to obtain torque, and the current flowing through the second coiling coil is made to flow independently from the current flowing through the second main coil, and the current is fed to the second coiling coil. By appropriately controlling the flowing current, it is possible to suppress the generation of minus torque by the scraping coil during reverse rotation and to suppress the decrease in torque in the rotation direction.

  The rotating electrical machine control system according to the present invention is connected to the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, an inverter connected to a power source, and outputs an alternating current to the second main coil, and connected to the power source or another power source. A second current output unit configured to output a second current to the second scraping coil; and a control unit configured to control the inverter and the second current output unit, wherein the control unit includes the second main coil and the second current coil. In the rotating electrical machine control system, the current flowing in the coiling coil is controlled using the inverter and the second current output unit.

  In the rotating electrical machine control system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the control unit applies a pulse current as the second current to the second scraping coil when the rotor rotates in the forward direction, and reverses the rotor. When rotating, the second current output unit is controlled so that a pulse current is applied to the second scraping coil at a different timing or in a different direction from that during the forward rotation.

  In the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, preferably, the main magnetic characteristic adjusting unit is a diode, the sub magnetic characteristic adjusting unit is a thyristor, and the scraping coil is connected to the main coil via the thyristor. Has been. In this configuration, as the “thyristor”, a thyristor that is turned on when a current greater than or equal to a predetermined current value flows and that is turned off when a current less than the predetermined current value flows can be used.

  According to the above configuration, the winding is provided on the salient pole of the rotor to obtain torque, and the thyristor is turned on during the forward rotation of the rotor and the thyristor during the reverse rotation by appropriately controlling the current flowing through the second coil. Can be turned off, generation of negative torque by the winding coil during reverse rotation can be suppressed, and decrease in torque in the rotation direction can be suppressed.

  The rotating electrical machine control system according to the present invention includes a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, an inverter connected to a power source and outputting an alternating current to the second coil, and a current flowing through the second coil. And a control unit that controls the maximum current that flows through the second coil when the rotor rotates in a reverse direction than the maximum current that flows through the second coil when the rotor rotates forward. The rotating electrical machine control system is characterized in that the inverter is controlled so as to be smaller.

  According to the rotating electrical machine and the rotating electrical machine control system of the present invention, the torque can be stably increased with the configuration in which the winding coil is provided on the salient pole of the rotor to obtain the torque.

It is the schematic which shows the rotary electric machine control system containing the rotary electric machine of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view corresponding to a part A in FIG. 1. It is the schematic which shows the rotor which comprises the rotary electric machine of FIG. In the rotary electric machine of 1st Embodiment, it is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 which shows the mode at the time of forward rotation of a rotor in order. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 which shows the rotary electric machine of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. In 2nd Embodiment, it is a figure which shows an example of the circuit which connected the rotor coil and the rotor scraping coil via the thyristor corresponding to one rotor salient pole. In the rotary electric machine of 2nd Embodiment, it is a figure corresponding to FIG. 5 which shows the mode at the time of forward rotation of a rotor in order.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 are diagrams showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a rotating electrical machine control system including the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view corresponding to part A of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a rotor constituting the rotating electrical machine of FIG. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, which sequentially shows the state of the rotor in the forward rotation in the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment. The rotating electrical machine can be mounted for driving a wheel in an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle that includes, for example, an engine and a traveling motor as driving sources.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a rotating electrical machine 10 that functions as an electric motor or a generator is disposed to face a stator 12 fixed to a casing (not shown) and radially inward with a predetermined gap from the stator 12. (In the case of simply “radial direction”, it refers to a radial direction perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor. The same applies throughout the present specification and claims.)

  The stator 12 includes a stator core 16 that is a stator yoke, teeth 18 that are stator salient poles that are integrally disposed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the stator core 16, and a plurality of phases wound around the teeth 18 (not shown). In the case of the example, it includes stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w that are second coils of u phase, v phase, and w phase). That is, a plurality of teeth 18 projecting radially inward (toward the rotor 14) are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 16 at intervals from each other along the circumferential direction of the stator 12. A slot 22 is formed between them. The stator core 16 and the plurality of teeth 18 are integrally provided with a magnetic material.

  The stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w of each phase are wound around the teeth 18 through the slots 22 with concentrated winding such as short concentrated winding. In this manner, the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w are wound around the teeth 18 to form magnetic poles on the teeth 18. Then, by passing a plurality of phases of alternating current through the plurality of stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w, the teeth 18 arranged in the circumferential direction are magnetized, and a rotating magnetic field that rotates in the circumferential direction is generated in the stator 12. Is possible. That is, the multi-phase stator coils 20 u, 20 v, 20 w generate a rotating magnetic field in the stator 12. The stator coil is not limited to the configuration in which the stator coil is wound around the teeth 18 of the stator 12 as described above. For example, the stator coils of a plurality of phases are wound around a plurality of circumferential portions of the annular portion of the stator core 16 removed from the teeth 18. A rotating magnetic field can be generated in the stator 12 by using a toroidal winding that rotates.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the teeth 18 is formed by forming a tooth body 24 and a groove portion 26 that is recessed in the radial direction toward the one side in the circumferential direction (right side in FIG. 2) of the distal end surface of the teeth body 24. And a one-side tip salient pole 28 provided on one side in the circumferential direction. Corresponding to the stator coil 20w (or 20u or 20v) of the tooth 18 corresponding to each one-side tip salient pole 28, a plurality of phases (in the example shown, three phases of u phase, v phase, and w phase) A stator scraping coil 30 that is a second scraping coil is wound. The stator scraping coil 30 and the stator coil 20u (or 20v or 20w) are not connected to each other, allowing current to flow independently of each other. In FIG. 2, the winding directions of the stator coil 20u (or 20u or 20v) and the stator winding coil 30 wound around the same tooth 18 are the same.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the stator coils 20 u, 20 v, and 20 w of each phase are connected to a main inverter 32, and a battery 34 that is a DC power source is connected to the main inverter 32.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each stator scraping coil 30 is connected to a sub-inverter 36 that is a second current output unit, and a battery 34 is connected to the sub-inverter 36. That is, the main inverter 32 and the sub inverter 36 are connected to the battery 34 in parallel with each other. A converter (not shown) that boosts or lowers the voltage of the battery 34 and supplies the voltage to the inverters 32 and 36 may be connected between the main inverter 32 and the sub-inverter 36 and the battery 34.

  Each inverter 32, 36 converts the input DC power into a three-phase current and outputs it. For example, although not shown in detail, each of the inverters 32 and 36 has a three-phase arm connected in parallel to each other, and each arm is connected in series with switching elements such as two transistors and IGBTs. Shall. The midpoint of each arm is connected to one end of a three-phase stator coil 20u, 20v, 20w or a three-phase stator winding coil 30. The other ends of the three-phase stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w or the three-phase stator scraping coil 30 are connected to the neutral points. On / off of the switching elements of the inverters 32 and 36 is controlled by a control unit (ECU) 38. The control unit 38 receives an acceleration command signal from a sensor provided in an acceleration instruction unit such as an accelerator pedal of a vehicle (not shown), for example, and receives a rotation direction command signal from a sensor provided in a direction instruction unit such as a shift operation unit (not shown). receive. And the control part 38 calculates the torque target of the rotary electric machine 10 according to an acceleration command and a rotation direction command, and generates the electric current command for generating the electric current sent through each stator coil 20u, 20v, 20w according to a torque target etc. In addition to generating a value, a sub-current command value for generating a current to be passed through each stator scraping coil 30 is generated.

  The control unit 38 generates a control signal for the main inverter 32 from each main current command value, generates a control signal for the sub inverter 36 from each sub current command value, and controls the main inverter 32 and the sub inverter according to each control signal. 36 switching operations are controlled. For example, the main current command value is set as a d-axis current command value and a q-axis current command value, and a control signal for the main inverter 32 corresponding to both the d-axis and q-axis command values is generated. Further, the sub-current command value is, for example, a pulse current that is a second current generated at a predetermined timing set in advance by a predetermined number of times such as once according to each cycle of the three-phase output current of the main inverter 32. To do. The battery connected to the main inverter 32 and the battery connected to the sub inverter 36 may be different from each other.

  The control unit 38 also includes a signal representing a current value detected by a current sensor provided on the stator coil side of at least two phases of the three phases, and a rotating electrical machine detected by a rotation angle detection unit such as a resolver. 10 and the signals representing the rotation angles of the rotors 14 (FIG. 1), respectively, and the control unit 38 supplies currents to the stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w and the stator scraping coils 30 in accordance with the detection signals. Can also be feedback controlled.

  With this configuration, the main inverter 32 outputs AC power to the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w of each phase. Further, the sub inverter 36 outputs a pulse current that is a second current to the stator scraping coil 30 of each phase. The control unit 38 controls the current flowing through the stator coils 20 u, 20 v, 20 w and the stator scraping coil 30 using the main inverter 32 and the sub inverter 36. The control unit 38 includes a microcomputer having, for example, a CPU and a memory. Although the control part 38 can be comprised by a single control part, it can also be comprised by the some control part divided | segmented for every function.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotor 14 is directed radially outwardly at a plurality of equally spaced circumferential locations (four locations in the illustrated example) on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core 40 that is a rotor yoke. A rotor salient pole 42 that protrudes toward the stator 12 (FIG. 1), a plurality of rotor coils 44n and 44s, and a plurality of rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are included (in the case of simply referred to as “circumferential direction”) And a direction along a circle drawn around the rotation center axis of the rotor, which is the same throughout the present specification and claims). The rotor core 40 and the plurality of rotor salient poles 42 are integrally provided by a magnetic material such as a laminate in which a plurality of magnetic steel plates such as electromagnetic steel plates are stacked. A rotation shaft 47 that is rotatably supported with respect to a casing (not shown) is fitted and fixed to the center portion of the rotor core 40.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, each of the rotor salient poles 42 is closer to one side in the circumferential direction (left side in FIG. 2, clockwise in FIG. 3) of the salient pole body 48 and the tip surface of the salient pole body 48. By forming a groove portion 50 that is depressed in the radial direction, it has a one-side tip salient pole 52 provided on one side in the circumferential direction. The side where the one-side tip salient pole 52 of the rotor 14 is disposed with respect to each rotor salient pole 42 and the side where the one-side tip salient pole 28 of the stator 12 is disposed with respect to each tooth 18 are opposite to each other in the circumferential direction. It has become. A plurality of rotor coils 44n, which are a plurality of main coils, are wound around the salient pole body 48 of every other rotor salient pole 42 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 14 by concentrated winding, and the rotor salient pole 42 around which the rotor coil 44n is wound. The rotor salient poles 42 adjacent to each other, and each of the rotor salient poles 48 of the other rotor salient poles 42 in the circumferential direction is wound with concentrated windings on another rotor coil 44s as a plurality of main coils. Yes. 1 to 3 show the case where the teeth 12 of the stator 12 are six and the rotor salient poles 42 of the rotor 14 are four, this is only an example, and the teeth 18 and the rotor salient poles 42 are provided. The number of can be any number.

  Further, a rotor scraping coil 46n (or 46s) is wound around each one-side tip salient pole 52 of the rotor 14 corresponding to the rotor coil 44n (or 44s) of the corresponding rotor salient pole 42. In FIG. 2, the winding directions of the rotor coil 44n (or 44s) and the rotor winding coil 46n (or 46s) wound around the same rotor salient pole 42 are the same. Further, main diodes 54n and 54s, which are main magnetic characteristic adjusting sections, are connected in series to both ends of each rotor coil 44n, 44s, and sub-diodes 56n, which are sub-magnetic characteristic adjusting sections, are connected to both ends of each rotor scraping coil 46n, 46s. 56s are connected in series. The sub-diodes 56n and 56s are not connected to the main diodes 54n and 54s, and are electrically independent from each other.

  The plurality of main diodes 54n and 54s are combined with the corresponding rotor coils 44n and 44s, so that the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of rotor salient poles 42 by the induced current generated in the rotor coils 44n and 44s are caused in the circumferential direction of the rotor 14. It is made different alternately. Specifically, by restricting the direction of the current flowing through the rotor coils 44n and 44s corresponding to the main diodes 54n and 54s, an N pole is formed at the tip of every other rotor salient pole 42 in the circumferential direction, An S pole is formed at the tip of every other rotor salient pole 42 adjacent to the rotor salient pole 42 in the circumferential direction. In FIG. 3, the poles formed by N and S shown on the outer side of the tip of each rotor salient pole 42 are shown.

  Further, the plurality of sub-diodes 56n and 56s are combined with the corresponding rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, so that the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of one-side tip salient poles 52 by the induced current generated in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s 14, the magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 are matched with the induced current generated in the corresponding rotor coils 44n and 44s. Specifically, by restricting the direction of the current flowing through the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s corresponding to the sub-diodes 56n and 56s, the rotor salient pole 42 having the N pole formed at the tip has 1 in the circumferential direction. An N pole is formed at the tip of every other one-side tip salient pole 52. Another rotor salient pole 42 adjacent to the rotor salient pole 42 on which the N pole is formed, the rotor salient pole 42 having the S pole formed at the tip, every other one-side tip protrusion in the circumferential direction. An S pole is formed at the tip of the pole 52. The rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are wound around the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 through an insulator (not shown) having electrical insulation made of resin or the like. You can also.

  In such a configuration, the rectified current flows through the rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, whereby the rotor salient poles 42 and the one-side tip salient poles 52 are magnetized and function as magnetic pole portions. Returning to FIG. 1, the stator 12 generates a rotating magnetic field by passing an alternating current through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w. This rotating magnetic field is generated not only from the fundamental wave component but also from the fundamental wave. It also contains a high order harmonic component magnetic field.

  More specifically, the distribution of magnetomotive force that generates a rotating magnetic field in the stator 12 is caused by the arrangement of the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w of each phase and the shape of the stator core 16 by the teeth 18 and the slots 22 (fundamental wave). Only) and not including a sine wave distribution but including harmonic components. In particular, in the concentrated winding, the stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w of the respective phases do not overlap with each other, so that the amplitude level of the harmonic component generated in the magnetomotive force distribution of the stator 12 increases. For example, when the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w are three-phase concentrated windings, the harmonic component is a temporal third-order component of the input electrical frequency, and the amplitude level of the spatial second-order component increases. Thus, the harmonic component generated in the magnetomotive force due to the arrangement of the stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w and the shape of the stator core 16 including the teeth 18 is called a spatial harmonic.

  When a rotating magnetic field including this space-emphasized wave component acts on the rotor 14 from the stator 12, a fluctuation in leakage magnetic flux leaking into the space between the rotor salient poles 42 is generated due to a magnetic flux fluctuation in the spatial harmonics. An induced electromotive force is generated in at least one of the rotor coils 44n and 44s of the coils 44n and 44s. In addition, induced electromotive force is also generated in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s due to magnetic flux fluctuations generated in the rotor salient poles 42 due to induced electromotive force generated in the rotor coils 44n and 44s. Thereby, an induced current is generated in each rotor coil 44n, 44s and each rotor winding coil 46n, 46s, and the direction of the induced current is regulated by the main diodes 54n, 54s or the sub-diodes 56n, 56s. The rotor salient pole 42 around which the rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are wound is magnetized, so that the rotor salient pole 42 functions as a magnetic pole portion that is a magnet with a fixed magnetic pole. For this reason, N poles and S poles are alternately formed in the circumferential direction at the tips of the plurality of rotor salient poles 42.

  The controller 38 converts the DC power from the battery 34 into three-phase AC power of u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase by the switching operation of each switching element constituting the main inverter 32, and the stator coils 20u, 20v. , 20w can be supplied with electric power of the corresponding phase. The rotating electrical machine control system 58 includes the rotating electrical machine 10, the main inverter 32, the sub inverter 36, and the control unit 38. For example, the rotating electrical machine control system 58 can also be used by being mounted on a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, an electric vehicle, or the like.

  In the rotating electrical machine 10 described above, an excitation voltage from the main inverter 32 is applied by passing a three-phase alternating current through the three-phase stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w. For this reason, the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) formed on the teeth 18 acts on the rotor 14, and the rotor salient poles 42 become the rotating magnetic fields of the teeth 18 so that the magnetic resistance of the rotor 14 decreases accordingly. Sucked. As a result, torque (reluctance torque) acts on the rotor 14.

  Further, when the rotating magnetic field including the spatial harmonic component formed in the teeth 18 is linked to the rotor coils 44n and 44s of the rotor 14, each rotor coil 44n and 44s has the rotor 14 caused by the spatial harmonic component. An induced electromotive force is generated in each of the rotor coils 44n and 44s due to a magnetic flux fluctuation having a frequency different from the rotational frequency (the fundamental wave component of the rotating magnetic field). The current flowing through the rotor coils 44n and 44s along with the generation of the induced electromotive force is rectified by the main diodes 54n and 54s to be unidirectional (direct current). The rotor salient poles 42 are magnetized in response to the direct current rectified by the main diodes 54n and 54s flowing into the rotor coils 44n and 44s, so that the rotor salient poles 42 have magnetic poles (N poles). It functions as a fixed magnet).

  Then, the magnetic field of each rotor salient pole 42 (magnet with a fixed magnetic pole) interacts with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 12, thereby causing attraction and repulsion. Torque (torque corresponding to magnet torque) is also applied to the rotor 14 by electromagnetic interaction (attraction and repulsion) between the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 12 and the magnetic field of the rotor salient pole 42 (magnet). The rotor 14 is driven to rotate in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field (fundamental wave component) generated by the stator 12. As described above, the rotating electrical machine 10 can function as an electric motor that generates power (mechanical power) in the rotor 14 by using power supplied to the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w.

  Moreover, the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are wound around the one-side tip salient poles 52 provided on the rotor salient poles 42, and the sub-diodes 56n and 56s are connected to the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s. The plurality of sub-diodes 56 n and 56 s correspond to the corresponding rotor coil 44 n while alternately changing the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of one-side tip salient poles 52 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 14 by the induced current generated in the rotor scraping coils 46 n and 46 s. , 44s, and the magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 by the induced current generated in 44s.

  In addition, a pulse voltage is applied to each stator scraping coil 30 by flowing a pulse current independent from the three-phase excitation voltage from the sub inverter 36 to the three-phase stator scraping coil 30 of the stator 12. For this reason, each rotor coil 44n, 44s receives induced current excited by spatial harmonics from the three-phase stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w or the three-phase stator winding coil 30 in the direction of the main diodes 54n, 54s. Correspondingly flows. Further, in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, induced currents excited by spatial harmonics from the three-phase stator windings 20u, 20v and 20w or the three-phase stator scraping coil 30 correspond to the directions of the sub-diodes 56n and 56s. Then flow. For this reason, during operation of the rotating electrical machine 10 (FIG. 1), magnetic flux acts between the rotor salient poles 42 and the teeth 18 as shown in FIGS. Rotate in the positive direction.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4B, when a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 12 by applying excitation voltage from the main inverter 32 to the three-phase stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w, A part of the rotor salient poles 42 is attracted to a part of the teeth 18 in the direction of the arrow α by the excitation magnetic flux J1 generated in the teeth 18 of the stator 12. In this case, if high-level spatial harmonics act on the rotor 14 from the stator 12, a large induced current is generated due to large magnetic flux fluctuations generated in the rotor coils 44n and 44s, and the magnetic force of the rotor salient pole 42 is strong. Become. For this reason, the torque of the rotating electrical machine 10 (FIG. 1) is improved.

  4B, the magnetic flux J1 emitted from the tip of the salient pole body 48 of the rotor salient pole 42 gradually decreases, but induction from the rotor coils 44n and 44s. When a delayed current due to the magnetic flux flows through the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, the magnetic flux J2 emitted from the tip of the one-side tip salient pole 52 provided with the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s increases. Further, the sub-inverter 36 (FIG. 2) is controlled so that the pulse current flows through the stator scraping coil 30 from FIG. 4 (C) to FIG. 4 (F). In addition, a delay current due to the induced magnetic flux from the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w also flows through the stator scraping coil 30. For this reason, after the tip of the rotor salient pole 42 faces the teeth 18 of the stator 12 in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 4C, the tip of the teeth main body 24 of the teeth 18 becomes the rotor 14 as shown in FIG. The rotor 14 faces the stator 12 such that the one end salient pole 52 of the teeth 18 is radially opposed to the tip of the salient pole body 48 of the rotor salient pole 42 and the tip of the salient pole body 48 of the rotor 18 is radially opposed. The relative displacement occurs.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 4E to 4F, the rotor 14 is fixed to the stator 12 so that the one-side end salient pole 28 of the stator 12 and the one-side end salient pole 52 of the rotor 14 face each other in the radial direction. Relative displacement. As a result, the rotor 14 rotates and the torque of the rotating electrical machine 10 can be improved. As described above, the control unit 38 (FIG. 2) controls the sub inverter 36 so that the pulse current is applied as the second current to the stator scraping coil 30 when the rotor 14 rotates forward.

  On the other hand, when the rotor 14 rotates in the reverse direction, the control unit 38 causes the stator scraping coil 30 to pass a current that is reversely excited as in the forward rotation, thereby canceling out the magnetic field generated by the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, thereby reducing the torque. It is possible to rotate while preventing. For example, when the rotor 14 rotates in the reverse direction, the control unit 38 controls the sub inverter 36 so that a pulse current is applied to the stator scraping coil 30 at a different timing or in a different direction from the normal rotation. For example, at a timing corresponding to FIG. 4 (F), a magnetic field is generated in the stator scraping coil 30 that is reversely excited such that the one end salient pole 28 of the stator 12 and the one end salient pole 52 of the rotor 14 are separated. A pulse current is generated in the stator 12 to prevent the presence of the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s from becoming a resistance against reverse rotation. Therefore, the rotor 14 can rotate with respect to the stator 12 in the direction opposite to the arrow α in FIG. 4 so as to shift from FIG. 4F to FIG. Note that the waveform of the pulse current can be various waveforms such as a triangular wave, a rectangular wave, and a shape partially including a curve.

  According to such a rotating electrical machine 10, the rotor salient pole 42 is provided with the winding coils 46 n and 46 s to obtain torque, and the rotor coils 44 n and 44 s and the rotor wound around the rotor salient pole 42 and the one-side end salient pole 52 are provided. The current direction of the scraping coils 46n and 46s can be regulated by the main diodes 54n and 54s and the sub-diodes 56n and 56s, respectively. Are made to coincide with the magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 by the induced current generated in the corresponding rotor coils 44n and 44s. For this reason, when the rotor 14 rotates, an induced current does not flow bidirectionally through the rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, and the magnetic poles are not reversed at each rotor salient pole 42. For this reason, torque can be stably increased.

  The stator 12 includes stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w wound around the teeth 18 and a stator scraping coil 30. The stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w and the stator scraping coil 30 are independent of each other. It is possible to flow. For this reason, the rotor salient pole 42 is provided with the scraping coil 30 to obtain torque, and the current flowing through the stator scraping coil 30 is allowed to flow independently of the currents flowing through the stator coils 20u, 20v, 20w, and the stator scraping coil 30. By appropriately controlling the current flowing through the rotor, it is possible to suppress the generation of negative torque that becomes rotational resistance by the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s during reverse rotation, and to suppress a decrease in torque in the rotational direction. That is, an appropriate current can be passed through the stator scraping coil 30 at an appropriate timing. In the prior art described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, it has been difficult to appropriately control the current on the stator side by using the current generated in the rotor ring, but in the present invention, the current is passed through the stator coil 30. By appropriately controlling the current, it is possible to appropriately control the current generated in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s. In addition, since a decrease in torque in the rotation direction during reverse rotation can be suppressed, it is possible to contribute to a reduction in power consumption.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 and showing the rotating electrical machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, in the rotating electrical machine 10 and the rotating electrical machine control system 58 of the present embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the teeth 18 of the stator 12 have a one-side tip salient pole 28 (see FIG. 2). Not provided. A plurality of (for example, three-phase) stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w (20u and 20v are shown in FIG. 1, the same applies hereinafter) are wound around each tooth 18. For this reason, the winding coil 30 (refer FIG. 2) is not wound around each teeth 18. FIG. The rotating electrical machine control system 58 does not include the sub inverter 36 (see FIG. 2). The rotating electrical machine control system 58 is connected to the battery 34 and outputs an alternating current to the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w of each phase, and the current flowing through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w of the phases. And a control unit 38 controlled using The function and configuration of the inverter 60 are the same as those of the main inverter 32 (FIG. 1) used in the first embodiment.

  In the rotating electrical machine 10, no diode is connected to the scraping coils 46 n and 46 s (see FIG. 3 for 46 n) of the rotor 14. Instead, a thyristor 62, which is a secondary magnetic characteristic adjusting unit, is connected to the scraping coils 46 n and 46 s. ing. When the thyristor 62 is turned on, the thyristor 62 is combined with the corresponding rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, thereby causing magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of one-side tip salient poles 52 by the induced current generated in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s. The magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles 42 are matched by the induced current generated in the corresponding rotor coils 44n and 44s. Specifically, by restricting the direction of the current flowing through the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s corresponding to each thyristor 62, every other circumferentially provided in the rotor salient pole 42 having the N pole formed at the tip thereof is provided. An N pole is formed at the tip of the one-side tip salient pole 52. Further, another rotor salient pole 42 adjacent to the rotor salient pole 42 having the N pole formed at the tip, which is disposed on the other side in the circumferential direction of the rotor salient pole 42 having the S pole formed at the tip. An S pole is formed at the tip of the tip salient pole 52.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the rotor coils 44n and 44s are connected to the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s. FIG. 6 shows an example of a circuit in which the rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are connected via the thyristor 62 corresponding to one rotor salient pole 42 (FIG. 5) in the present embodiment. FIG. A main diode 54n (or 54s) and a first resistor 64 are connected in series to both ends of the rotor coil 44n (or 44s). A second resistor 66 is connected to both ends of the rotor coil 44n (or 44s) in parallel with the series connection portion of the main diode 54n (or 54s) and the first resistor 64. The resistance value of the second resistor 66 is higher than the resistance value of the first resistor 64.

  The gate terminal G2 of the thyristor 62 is connected to one end of the rotor coils 44n, 44s on the anode A1 side of the main diodes 54n, 54s, and the other end of the rotor coils 44n, 44s is connected to the cathode terminal K2 of the thyristor 62. . The cathode terminals K1 of the main diodes 54n and 54s are connected to one end of the first resistor 64. The anode terminal A2 and the cathode terminal A2 of the thyristor 62 are connected to both ends of the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s. The thyristor 62 is turned on when a current equal to or higher than the holding current value IA, which is a predetermined current value set in advance, flows to the gate terminal G2, and is turned off when a current less than the holding current value IA flows to the gate terminal G2. A thyristor 62 can be used. As described above, the thyristor 62 is connected in series to both ends of the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are connected to the rotor coils 44n and 44s via the thyristor 62.

  The control unit 38 shown in FIG. 5 is configured so that the maximum current that flows through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w when the rotor 14 rotates backward is greater than the maximum current that flows through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w when the rotor 14 rotates forward. And the inverter 60 is controlled so that the maximum current during reverse rotation is less than the holding current value IA. Accordingly, during reverse rotation, the thyristor 62 (FIG. 6) is not turned on, and no current flows through the rotor scavenging coils 46n and 46s.

  During the operation of the rotating electrical machine 10, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D, magnetic flux acts between the rotor salient poles 42 and the teeth 18, and the rotor 14 rotates in the positive direction. To do. FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5, which sequentially shows the state of the rotor 14 during the forward rotation in the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, an excitation voltage is applied from the inverter 60 (FIG. 5) to the three-phase stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w, so that a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 12. When this occurs, a part of the rotor salient poles 42 are attracted to the part of the teeth 18 in the direction of the arrow α by the exciting magnetic flux generated in the teeth 18 of the stator 12. In this case, if high-level spatial harmonics act on the rotor 14 from the stator 12, a large induced current is generated due to large magnetic flux fluctuations generated in the rotor coils 44n and 44s, and the magnetic force of the rotor salient pole 42 is strong. Become. For this reason, the torque of the rotating electrical machine 10 is improved.

  In this case, if the induction current of the rotor coils 44n and 44s is increased by increasing the level of the spatial harmonics by increasing the currents flowing through the stator coils 20u, 20v and 20w of the respective phases, FIG. ), The thyristor 62 connected to the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s is turned on, and an induced current flows through the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, and the amount of magnetic flux J2 emitted from the tip of the one-side tip salient pole 52 by the induced current is reduced. Become more. As a result, the torque of the rotating electrical machine 10 is improved. Further, the magnetic flux J1 emitted from the tip of the salient pole body 48 of the rotor salient pole 42 gradually decreases with a transition from FIG. 7 (A) to FIG. 7 (D), but FIG. 7 (C) (D). Thus, since the lag current due to the induced magnetic flux from the rotor coils 44n and 44s flows to the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, the magnetic flux J2 emitted from the tip of the one-side tip salient pole 52 increases, and this also causes the torque of the rotating electrical machine 10 Will improve.

  On the other hand, when the rotor 14 rotates in the reverse direction, if the thyristor 62 is turned off, a negative torque acting as a resistance by the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s does not work, so that the reverse rotation is possible. That is, the control unit 38 determines that the maximum current that flows through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w when the rotor 14 rotates backward is smaller than the maximum current that flows through the stator coils 20u, 20v, and 20w when the rotor 14 rotates forward. In addition, the inverter 60 is controlled such that the maximum current during reverse rotation is less than the holding current value IA of the thyristor 62. For this reason, the rotor 14 can rotate in the direction opposite to the arrow α in FIG. 7, that is, reversely rotate, with respect to the stator 12 so as to shift from FIG. 7D to FIG.

  In the case of such a rotating electrical machine 10, the rotor salient pole 42 is provided with rotor scraping coils 46 n and 46 s to obtain torque, and the rotor coils 44 n and 44 s wound around the rotor salient pole 42 and the one-side end salient pole 52. The current direction of the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s can be regulated by the main diodes 54n and 54s and the thyristor 62, respectively. Moreover, the thyristor 62 has a magnetic characteristic generated in the one end salient pole 52 by the induced current generated in the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, and a magnetic characteristic generated in the corresponding rotor salient pole 42 by the induced current generated in the corresponding rotor coils 44n and 44s. To match. For this reason, when the rotor 14 rotates, an induced current does not flow bidirectionally through the rotor coils 44n and 44s and the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s, and the magnetic poles are not reversed at each rotor salient pole 42. For this reason, torque can be stably increased.

  The rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s are connected to the rotor coils 44n and 44s through a thyristor 62. For this reason, the rotor salient pole 42 is provided with the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s to obtain torque, and the thyristor 62 is turned on when the rotor 14 is rotated forward by appropriately controlling the current flowing through the rotor coils 44n and 44s. The thyristor 62 can be turned off at the time of reverse rotation, the generation of negative torque by the rotor scraping coils 46n and 46s at the time of reverse rotation can be suppressed, and the decrease in torque in the rotation direction can be suppressed. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and it can implement with a various form in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. Of course. For example, in the above description, the case where the rotor is disposed opposite to the inner side in the radial direction of the stator has been described. However, the present invention can be implemented even in a configuration in which the rotor is disposed opposite to the outer side in the radial direction of the stator. Further, although the case where the stator coil is wound around the stator by concentrated winding has been described, for example, if the stator coil can generate a rotating magnetic field including spatial harmonics, the present invention can be applied to a configuration in which the stator coil is wound around the stator by distributed winding. Can be implemented. In the present invention, for example, a configuration such as an axial gap type rotating electrical machine can be employed.

  10 rotating electrical machines, 12 stators, 14 rotors, 16 stator cores, 18 teeth, 20u, 20v, 20w stator coils, 22 slots, 24 teeth bodies, 26 grooves, 28 one end salient poles, 30 stator scraping coils, 32 main inverters, 34 Battery, 36 Sub inverter, 38 Control unit, 40 Rotor core, 42 Rotor salient pole, 44n, 44s Rotor coil, 46n, 46s Rotor scraping coil, 47 Rotating shaft, 48 Salient pole body, 50 Groove, 52 One end tip salient pole, 54n , 54s main diode, 56 sub diode, 58 rotating electrical machine control system, 60 inverter, 62 thyristor, 64 first resistor, 66 second resistor.

Claims (6)

A rotating electric machine in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other,
The rotor is wound around each rotor salient pole, a rotor core, a plurality of rotor salient poles disposed at a plurality of locations on the rotor core, each having a one-side tip salient pole provided on one circumferential side of the tip portion. A main coil, a scraping coil wound around each one-side tip salient pole, a main magnetic characteristic adjusting unit connected to the main coil, and a sub magnetic characteristic adjusting unit connected to the scraping coil,
The plurality of main magnetic characteristic adjustment units alternately vary the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of rotor salient poles in the circumferential direction by an induced current generated in the main coil,
The plurality of sub-magnetic characteristic adjusting units are configured to change the magnetic characteristics generated in the plurality of one-side tip salient poles by the induced current generated in the scraping coil alternately in the circumferential direction, and the induced current generated in the corresponding main coil. Match the magnetic characteristics generated in the corresponding rotor salient poles,
Further, the stator includes a stator core, a plurality of stator salient poles arranged at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the stator core, and a second coil wound around each stator salient pole. . In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1,
The main magnetic property adjusting unit is a main diode,
The sub-magnetic characteristic adjustment unit is a sub-diode provided electrically independent of the main diode,
Furthermore, the stator includes a second main coil that is the second coil wound around each stator salient pole and a second scraping coil,
The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the second main coil and the second scraping coil are capable of flowing current independently of each other. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2,
An inverter connected to a power source and outputting an alternating current to the second main coil;
A second current output unit connected to the power source or another power source and outputting a second current to the second scraping coil;
A control unit for controlling the inverter and the second current output unit;
The said control part controls the electric current which flows into the said 2nd main coil and the said 2nd coiling coil using the said inverter and the said 2nd electric current output part, The rotary electric machine control system characterized by the above-mentioned. In the rotating electrical machine control system according to claim 3,
When the rotor rotates forward, a pulse current is applied as the second current to the second scraping coil, and when the rotor rotates in the reverse direction, the control unit applies a pulse current to the second scraping coil. The rotating electrical machine control system, wherein the second current output unit is controlled so that the second current output unit is applied in a different timing or in a different direction from that in the normal rotation. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1,
The main magnetic property adjusting unit is a diode,
The secondary magnetic property adjusting unit is a thyristor,
The rotating electrical machine, wherein the scraping coil is connected to the main coil via the thyristor. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 5;
An inverter connected to a power source and outputting an alternating current to the second coil;
A controller that controls the current flowing through the second coil using the inverter;
The control unit controls the inverter so that a maximum current that flows through the second coil when the rotor rotates backward is smaller than a maximum current that flows through the second coil when the rotor rotates forward. A rotating electrical machine control system.

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