JP2013107032A - Method for treating harmful substance in contaminated soil - Google Patents

Method for treating harmful substance in contaminated soil Download PDF

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JP2013107032A
JP2013107032A JP2011253432A JP2011253432A JP2013107032A JP 2013107032 A JP2013107032 A JP 2013107032A JP 2011253432 A JP2011253432 A JP 2011253432A JP 2011253432 A JP2011253432 A JP 2011253432A JP 2013107032 A JP2013107032 A JP 2013107032A
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water layer
harmful substances
muddy water
contaminated
substances
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Shinichi Nakamura
信一 中村
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Omega Inc
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Omega Inc
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil which has higher effectiveness than conventional methods have.SOLUTION: The method for treating the harmful substances in the contaminated soil comprises a process for extracting a muddy water layer from water seeped from soil contaminated with harmful substances, a process for dehydrating the extracted muddy water layer and a process for confining the harmful substances by calcining and insolubilizing a residue in the dehydrated muddy water layer. Voltage may be applied to the harmful substances in the seeped water to attenuate radioactivity. The muddy water layer may be dehydrated by being blended with quicklime.

Description

この発明は、放射性セシウムや放射性ヨウ素などの放射性物質や重金属類、油類などで汚染された土壌の有害物質の処理方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for treating harmful substances in soil contaminated with radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium and radioactive iodine, heavy metals, oils and the like.

地震による津波の発生が引き起こした原発事故で、放射能汚染水の処理が大きな社会問題となっている。
従来、原子力施設で発生する放射性廃液の処理方法に関する提案があった(特許文献1)。
すなわち、核燃料再処理施設では再処理工程で硝酸(HNO3)を用い、用済み後は水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)で中和処理するため、硝酸ナトリウム(NaNO3)廃液が発生する。
この提案によれば、放射性物質及びナトリウム化合物を含む放射性廃液を乾燥して乾燥体とした後、該乾燥体を加熱により溶融塩としてこれを陽極液とし、ナトリウムイオン導電性のβ−アルミナを隔膜として電気分解することにより、放射性物質及びナトリウム化合物を含む放射性廃液中から、高純度(固体)で極低放射性レベルの金属ナトリウム又は水酸化ナトリウムを高電気効率で回収できる。また、陽極側の酸性根はガスとして発生するため、必要に応じ中和、分解処理し、非放射性物質として施設外に廃棄あるいは保管することができる。更にこの提案によれば、従来のイオン交換膜を用いた電気透析による処理法に比べコンパクトな設備で処理が可能である、というものである。
しかし、この技術は実効性が薄いきらいがあるという問題があった。
特開平9−127293号公報
In the nuclear accident caused by the tsunami caused by the earthquake, the treatment of radioactively contaminated water has become a major social problem.
Conventionally, there has been a proposal regarding a method for treating radioactive liquid waste generated in a nuclear facility (Patent Document 1).
That is, in the nuclear fuel reprocessing facility, nitric acid (HNO 3 ) is used in the reprocessing step and neutralized with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) after use, so that a sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) waste liquid is generated.
According to this proposal, a radioactive waste liquid containing a radioactive substance and a sodium compound is dried to obtain a dried body, and then the dried body is heated to form a molten salt, which is used as an anolyte, and sodium ion conductive β-alumina is used as a diaphragm. As a result, it is possible to recover metal sodium or sodium hydroxide having high purity (solid) and extremely low radioactive level from a radioactive liquid waste containing radioactive substances and sodium compounds with high electrical efficiency. Further, since the acidic root on the anode side is generated as a gas, it can be neutralized and decomposed as necessary, and discarded or stored outside the facility as a non-radioactive substance. Furthermore, according to this proposal, it is possible to perform processing with a compact facility as compared with the conventional electrodialysis processing method using an ion exchange membrane.
However, this technique has a problem that it is less effective.
JP-A-9-127293

そこでこの発明は、従来よりも実効性が高い汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法を提供しようとするものである。   Therefore, the present invention intends to provide a method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil, which is more effective than before.

前記課題を解決するためこの発明では次のような技術的手段を講じている。
(1)この発明の汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法は、有害物質に汚染された土壌の滲出水について、前記滲出水から濁水層を抽出する工程と、抽出した濁水層を脱水する工程と、脱水した濁水層中の残渣物を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封じ込める工程とを有することを特徴とする。
前記有害物質として、放射性セシウム、放射性ヨウ素などの放射性物質、鉛、砒素、フッ素その他の重金属類、重油等の油類を例示することが出来る。
有害物質に汚染された土壌の滲出水として、有害物質に汚染された土壌に水を及ぼしてなる滲出水や、有害物質に汚染された海、川、湖、池などの地域の滲出水を例示することが出来る。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical means.
(1) The method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil according to the present invention includes a step of extracting a muddy water layer from the exuded water, a step of dehydrating the extracted muddy water layer with respect to the exuded water of soil contaminated with a harmful substance, A step of baking and insolubilizing the residue in the dehydrated turbid water layer to contain harmful substances.
Examples of the harmful substances include radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium and radioactive iodine, lead, arsenic, fluorine and other heavy metals, and oils such as heavy oil.
Examples of exudate from soil contaminated with toxic substances include exudate produced by applying water to soil contaminated with toxic substances and exudate from areas such as seas, rivers, lakes, and ponds contaminated with toxic substances. I can do it.

滲出水から濁水層(シルト質や粘土質が含まれる)を抽出する工程では、例えば滲出水を静置して沈んだ砂層と、清浄な水層から分離して濁水層(食塩を添加するとシルト質や粘土質の沈降が促進される)を取り出すことが出来る。前記濁水層中のシルト質や粘土質に有害物質が吸着・保持されている。一方、水層と砂層には有害物質は殆ど含まれていなかった。
抽出した濁水層を脱水する工程では、後述のようにシリカを混合したり、生石灰を混合したりして、水を蒸発させることが出来る。また、濾過を利用して脱水することも出来る。
In the process of extracting the turbid water layer (including silty and clay) from the exudate, for example, the sand layer that settled by leaving the exudate and the turbid water layer separated from the clean water layer (silt when salt is added) Quality and clay sedimentation are promoted). Hazardous substances are adsorbed and retained on silty and clay in the muddy water layer. On the other hand, the water layer and sand layer contained almost no harmful substances.
In the step of dehydrating the extracted turbid water layer, the water can be evaporated by mixing silica or mixing quicklime as described later. Moreover, it can also dehydrate using filtration.

脱水した濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封じ込める工程では、例えば水分を蒸発させた濁水の残渣物をガラス容器などに入れて焼成(例えば800〜1000℃)して不溶化物にすると、ガラス容器が溶融して濁水中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)はその中に封印されることになる。前記ガラスの他に、溶融可能な無機物、樹脂、アルミナなどを使用することが出来る。また、濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成する際に、水素と酸素から水が生成する時の反応生成熱を利用する事ができる。
これにより、汚染土壌中の有害物質を好適に封印処理することが出来る。
In the process of baking and insolubilizing the debris in the dehydrated turbid water layer (silt or clay with adsorbed toxic substances) to contain the toxic substances, for example, the turbid water dehydrated water is put in a glass container etc. When it is put and baked (for example, 800 to 1000 ° C.) to make an insolubilized material, the glass container is melted and the residue in the muddy water (silty or clay that adsorbs harmful substances) is sealed in it. Become. In addition to the glass, a meltable inorganic substance, resin, alumina, or the like can be used. Moreover, when baking the residue in a muddy water layer (silty and clay which adsorb | sucked a harmful substance), the reaction production | generation heat | fever when water produces | generates from hydrogen and oxygen can be utilized.
Thereby, the harmful substance in the contaminated soil can be suitably sealed.

(2) 前記滲出水中の有害物質に電圧を印加して放射性を減衰させるようにしてもよい。
具体的には、例えば濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が含まれる)が含水している時点で直流電圧を印加するとよい。このように構成すると、有害物質たる放射性物質(例えば放射性セシウムや放射性ヨウ素など)の放射性を減衰させて低減することが出来た。
(2) Radioactivity may be attenuated by applying a voltage to harmful substances in the exudate.
Specifically, for example, a direct current voltage may be applied when a residue (containing a harmful substance) in the muddy water layer contains water. If comprised in this way, it was able to attenuate and reduce the radioactivity of radioactive substances (for example, radioactive cesium, radioactive iodine, etc.) which are harmful substances.

(3)前記濁水層は生石灰を混合して脱水するようにしてもよい。
このように構成すると、濁水層の水と生石灰(CaO)の反応生成熱により、大きな熱量が発生して、これにより水を蒸発させて脱水することができる。したがって、濁水層を脱水する工程で必要な外部エネルギー(電気エネルギー等)を節減して、省エネに期することが出来る。
(3) The muddy water layer may be dehydrated by mixing quick lime.
If comprised in this way, a big calorie | heat_amount will generate | occur | produce by the reaction product heat of the water of a muddy water layer, and quicklime (CaO), and water can be evaporated and dehydrated by this. Therefore, it is possible to save energy by reducing external energy (electric energy, etc.) required in the process of dehydrating the muddy water layer.

(4)前記濁水層はシリカを混合して焼成するようにしてもよい。
このように構成すると、脱水後の濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封印する際、シリカ(SiO)にバインダー作用を持たせることが出来る。
土壌汚染対策法(土対法)上の要請から、広大な汚染土壌中の有害物質を覆土したり、舗装したり、封じ込めたりする必要があるが、この発明では上記のようにして各種の有害物質を適切に処理することが出来る。
(4) The muddy water layer may be fired by mixing silica.
With this configuration, when dehydrated residue (silt or clay with adsorbed toxic substances) is burned and insolubilized to seal toxic substances, the binder acts on silica (SiO 2 ). Can be given.
It is necessary to cover, pave, or contain harmful substances in a large amount of contaminated soil due to the requirements of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law (Soil vs. Law). The substance can be processed appropriately.

この発明は上述のような構成であり、次の効果を有する。
汚染土壌中の有害物質を好適に封印処理することが出来るので、従来よりも実効性が高い汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法を提供することが出来る。
The present invention is configured as described above and has the following effects.
Since the hazardous substance in the contaminated soil can be suitably sealed, it is possible to provide a method for treating the harmful substance of the contaminated soil that is more effective than before.

以下、この発明の実施の形態を説明する。
(1)この実施形態の汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法は、有害物質に汚染された土壌の滲出水について、前記滲出水から濁水層を抽出する工程と、抽出した濁水層を脱水する工程と、脱水した濁水層中の残渣物を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封じ込める工程とを有する。
前記有害物質として、放射性セシウム、放射性ヨウ素などの放射性物質、鉛、砒素、フッ素その他の重金属類、重油等の油類を例示することが出来る。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
(1) The method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil according to this embodiment includes a step of extracting a muddy water layer from the exuded water and a step of dehydrating the extracted muddy water layer with respect to the exuded water of soil contaminated with a harmful substance. And a step of containing a detrimental substance by baking and insolubilizing the residue in the dehydrated turbid water layer.
Examples of the harmful substances include radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium and radioactive iodine, lead, arsenic, fluorine and other heavy metals, and oils such as heavy oil.

有害物質に汚染された土壌の滲出水として、有害物質に汚染された土壌に水を及ぼしてなる滲出水や、有害物質に汚染された海、川、湖、池などの地域の滲出水を例示することが出来る。
滲出水から濁水層(シルト質や粘土質が含まれる)を抽出する工程では、例えば滲出水を静置して沈んだ砂層と、清浄な水層から分離して濁水層(食塩を添加するとシルト質や粘土質の沈降が促進される)を取り出すことが出来る。前記濁水層中のシルト質や粘土質に有害物質が吸着・保持されている。一方、水層と砂層には有害物質は殆ど含まれていなかった。
Examples of exudate from soil contaminated with toxic substances include exudate produced by applying water to soil contaminated with toxic substances and exudate from areas such as seas, rivers, lakes, and ponds contaminated with toxic substances. I can do it.
In the process of extracting the turbid water layer (including silty and clay) from the exudate, for example, the sand layer that settled by leaving the exudate and the turbid water layer separated from the clean water layer (silt when salt is added) Quality and clay sedimentation are promoted). Hazardous substances are adsorbed and retained on silty and clay in the muddy water layer. On the other hand, the water layer and sand layer contained almost no harmful substances.

抽出した濁水層を脱水する工程では、後述のようにシリカを混合したり、生石灰を混合したりして、水を蒸発させることが出来る。また、濾過を利用して脱水することも出来る。
脱水した濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封じ込める工程では、例えば水分を蒸発させた濁水の残渣物をガラス容器などに入れて焼成(例えば800〜1000℃)して不溶化物にすると、ガラス容器が溶融して濁水中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)はその中に封印されることになる。前記ガラスの他に、溶融可能な無機物、樹脂、アルミナなどを使用することが出来る。また、濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成する際に、水素と酸素から水が生成する時の反応生成熱を利用する事ができる。
これにより、汚染土壌中の有害物質を好適に封印処理することが出来、従来よりも実効性が高いという利点を有する。
In the step of dehydrating the extracted turbid water layer, the water can be evaporated by mixing silica or mixing quicklime as described later. Moreover, it can also dehydrate using filtration.
In the process of baking and insolubilizing the debris in the dehydrated turbid water layer (silt or clay with adsorbed toxic substances) to contain the toxic substances, for example, the turbid water dehydrated water is put in a glass container etc. When it is put and baked (for example, 800 to 1000 ° C.) to make an insolubilized material, the glass container is melted and the residue in the muddy water (silty or clay that adsorbs harmful substances) is sealed in it. Become. In addition to the glass, a meltable inorganic substance, resin, alumina, or the like can be used. Moreover, when baking the residue in a muddy water layer (silty and clay which adsorb | sucked a harmful substance), the reaction production | generation heat | fever when water produces | generates from hydrogen and oxygen can be utilized.
Thereby, the harmful substance in the contaminated soil can be suitably sealed, and there is an advantage that the effectiveness is higher than the conventional one.

(2) 前記滲出水中の有害物質に電圧を印加して放射性を減衰させるようにした。具体的には、例えば濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が含まれる)が含水している時点で直流電圧を印加するとよい。このようにしたので、有害物質たる放射性物質(例えば放射性セシウムや放射性ヨウ素など)の放射性を減衰させて低減することが出来た。 (2) A voltage is applied to the harmful substance in the exudation water to attenuate the radioactivity. Specifically, for example, a direct current voltage may be applied when a residue (containing a harmful substance) in the muddy water layer contains water. Since it did in this way, the radioactive substance (for example, radioactive cesium, radioactive iodine, etc.) which is a harmful substance could be attenuated and reduced.

(3)前記濁水層は、生石灰を混合して脱水するようにした。このようにしたので、濁水層の水と生石灰(CaO)の反応生成熱により、大きな熱量が発生して、これにより水を蒸発させて脱水することができる。したがって、濁水層を脱水する工程で必要な外部エネルギー(電気エネルギー等)を節減して、省エネに期することが出来る。 (3) The muddy water layer was dehydrated by mixing quick lime. Since it did in this way, a big calorie | heat_amount generate | occur | produces with the reaction heat of reaction of the water of a muddy water layer, and quicklime (CaO), and water can be evaporated and dehydrated by this. Therefore, it is possible to save energy by reducing external energy (electric energy, etc.) required in the process of dehydrating the muddy water layer.

(4)前記濁水層はシリカを混合して焼成するようにした。このようにしたので、脱水後の濁水層中の残渣物(有害物質が吸着されたシルト質や粘土質)を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封印する際、シリカ(SiO)にバインダー作用を持たせることが出来た。
土壌汚染対策法(土対法)上の要請から、広大な汚染土壌中の有害物質を覆土したり、舗装したり、封じ込めたりする必要があるが、この発明では上記のようにして各種の有害物質を適切に処理することが出来る。
(4) The muddy water layer was baked by mixing silica. As a result, when the dehydrated residue (silt or clay with adsorbed harmful substances) is baked and insolubilized to seal the harmful substances, it acts as a binder on silica (SiO 2 ). I was able to have.
It is necessary to cover, pave, or contain harmful substances in a large amount of contaminated soil due to the requirements of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law (Soil vs. Law). The substance can be processed appropriately.

従来よりも実効性が高いことによって、種々の汚染土壌の有害物質の処理の用途に適用することができる。   Due to its higher effectiveness than before, it can be applied to the use of treatment of harmful substances in various contaminated soils.

Claims (4)

有害物質に汚染された土壌の滲出水について、前記滲出水から濁水層を抽出する工程と、抽出した濁水層を脱水する工程と、脱水した濁水層中の残渣物を焼成して不溶化して有害物質を封じ込める工程とを有することを特徴とする汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法。   For soil exudates contaminated with harmful substances, a step of extracting a muddy water layer from the exudate, a step of dehydrating the extracted muddy water layer, and baking to insolubilize the residue in the dehydrated muddy water layer to be harmful And a method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil, comprising the step of containing substances. 前記滲出水中の有害物質に電圧を印加して放射性を減衰させるようにした請求項1記載の染土壌の有害物質の処理方法。   2. The method for treating harmful substances in dyed soil according to claim 1, wherein the radioactive substance is attenuated by applying a voltage to the harmful substances in the exudate. 前記濁水層は生石灰を混合して脱水するようにした請求項1又は2記載の汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法。   The method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the turbid water layer is mixed with quicklime to dehydrate. 前記濁水層はシリカを混合して焼成するようにした請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法。   The method for treating harmful substances in contaminated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the muddy water layer is mixed with silica and fired.
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