JP2013103798A - Elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dispense with a dedicated device which is necessary for a conventional elevator in order to prevent a shock due to rapid descending (ascending) of a car when the fixation of the car is released after a car load increases (decreases) at a floor where the car reaches, the conventional elevator including a car-fixing device for suppressing the vertical movement of the car caused by elongation and contraction of a rope for hanging the car due to the getting on and off of persons after the elevator arrives at the floor.SOLUTION: The amount of elongation (contraction) of the rope in accordance with the prescribed increase (decrease) of a loading load at a predetermined floor while the car is not fixed has been measured and, thereby, the length of elongation (contraction) of the rope in accordance with the prescribed increase (decrease) of the loading load at an optional floor can be calculated. At the optional floor while the car is fixed, the rope is contracted (elongated) by the length and, subsequently, the fixation of the car is released.

Description

The present invention relates to an elevator provided with a control device that suppresses a shock that occurs at the start of raising and lowering.

In conventional elevators, the rope that suspends the basket expands and contracts as the load changes due to the loading and unloading of the landing-stopped basket, causing the basket to swing up and down, causing passengers to feel uncomfortable and useless. There was a problem of giving anxiety. A braking mechanism that suppresses such fluctuation is proposed in Patent Document 1 described later. The braking mechanism is provided in a cage, has an operating body and a braking piece, and presses the braking piece against a guide rail or the like by the operating body. Hereinafter, such a braking mechanism will be referred to as a cage fixing device.

[Shock occurrence]
When such a basket fixing device is operated at the time of landing stop of the basket and the basket is fixed, after the door is opened and a person gets on and off, when the door closes and the basket is fixed and the basket is started, The following problems occur: In other words, when the load before releasing the cage is increased compared to the load before fixing the cage, the cage is suspended by the amount of the increased load after the cage is released. The rope is stretched and the basket is suddenly lowered, causing a shock. Also, if the load before releasing the cage is reduced compared to the load before fixing the cage, lift the cage by the reduced load after releasing the cage. A shock occurs because the rope being lowered contracts and the basket is pulled up rapidly.

It is described in Patent Document 2 described later that the above-described elevator problem occurs even in a work lift. According to Patent Document 2, in a construction lift, a transporter is fixed to a mast by a gripping device, but when the fixing is released and the transporter is started, a shock similar to that of the elevator is generated. Because, when the load before releasing the carrier is increased compared to the load before fixing the carrier, the carrier is suspended by the increase in the load after the carrier is released. This is because the wire is stretched and the carrier is lowered rapidly. Also, if the load before releasing the carrier is reduced compared to the load before fixing the carrier, lift the carrier for the reduced load after releasing the carrier. This is because the wire being shrunk and the carrier is pulled up suddenly.

[Shock prevention method]
A method for preventing the occurrence of such a shock is also described in Patent Document 2. The method is a method of trying to shrink the wire before releasing the fixing so that the wire is extended when the carrying device is released when the load is increased. By doing so, it is possible to avoid an increase in the tension from the wire tension corresponding to the load capacity before the increase to the wire tension corresponding to the load capacity after the increase only after releasing the fixation of the carrier. it can. That is, since the increase in the wire tension is preliminarily taken before the fixing of the transporter is released, there is no increase in the wire tension after the fixing of the transporter is released and no shock is generated.

In addition, the method is a method of extending the wire before releasing the fixing so that the wire shrinks when the carrying device is released when the load is reduced. By doing so, the tension reduction from the wire tension corresponding to the load capacity before the decrease to the wire tension corresponding to the load capacity after the decrease can be prevented from appearing only after the carrier is fixed. it can. That is, since the decrease in the wire tension is preliminarily taken before the carrier is released, the wire tension is not reduced after the carrier is released and no shock is generated.

[Shock prevention device]
Therefore, the wire is contracted and stretched in advance before releasing the carrier, but it is the next problem to know the length that should be contracted and stretched. In this regard, Patent Document 2 discloses a mechanism in which the loader is displaced by an increase or decrease in the loading load in a state where the loader is fixed to the mast, and the displacement is eliminated by the expansion or contraction of the wire, and the displacement amount is zero. It is described that it is necessary to provide a limit switch that turns from on to off when the limit is eliminated, and that the wire only needs to be shortened or stretched from where the limit switch is turned on to off.

JP 2002-179373 A JP-A-5-032386

When the limit switch in the above-described work lift is provided in the elevator car, there is a problem that the degree of freedom is restricted in the cage design around the limit switch and the extra cost for adding the limit switch is required. .

If a limit switch is provided, the control device must monitor the limit switch state and stop the operation of contracting or extending the rope by detecting when the switch changes from on to off. There is a one-tempo operation delay that shifts to operation stop after seeing the change to off, and the timing to leave the stop floor is released by that amount, so even if it is a little, the operation efficiency of the elevator is There is an effect to reduce.

Know the amount of rope that will be shortened and extended before unlocking the cage, without introducing limit switches that limit design freedom, increase costs, and reduce operating efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device that can perform such a process.

The present invention includes a rope that suspends a cage, a hoisting machine that raises and lowers the rope, and a hoisting and lowering of the rope by a predetermined length by rotating the hoisting machine by a predetermined amount of rotation. A control device for fixing the cage according to a command from the control device, and a load meter for measuring the loaded load of the cage and transmitting the load to the control device. In the elevator provided, the control device, when starting the elevator from an arbitrary floor, after causing the hoist to raise or lower the rope by the length calculated from (A) and (B) below The basket fixing device is made to release the fixing of the basket.
(A) A change amount of the loaded load measured on the arbitrary floor.
(B) A rope length change amount when a load is changed by a predetermined amount on a predetermined floor in a state where the basket is not fixed.

According to the above solution, since it is not necessary to provide a limit switch in the elevator car for the construction lift, the degree of freedom is restricted in the cage design around the limit switch, and the extra cost of adding the limit switch is required. Does not cause problems. Further, since there is no one-tempo operation delay of stopping the rope expansion / contraction operation after the change of the limit switch, the elevator operation efficiency is not lowered.

The figure which represented typically the element which comprises an elevator, and the relationship between elements. The flowchart of the work procedure by hand which acquires data, such as a rope length variation | change_quantity, in postscript non-fixed mode. Interpolation calculation graph that obtains the data of the consideration floor described later from the data of the lowest floor and the top floor. The flowchart of the control procedure until a cage | basket arrives at a certain floor and departs from the floor.

One embodiment in which the present invention is implemented will be described with reference to FIGS.

[Elevator configuration]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing elements constituting an elevator and the relationship between the elements. Reference numeral 1 denotes an elevator basket for carrying a person to the destination floor. Reference numeral 2 denotes a rope that suspends the basket 1. When the rope is pulled up, the basket 1 rises, and when it is pulled down, the basket 1 descends. The rope 2 also suspends the counterweight 5 via the main sheave 3 and the deflecting sheave 4.

The main sheave 3 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the hoisting machine 6 and raises or lowers the rope 2. The hoisting machine 6 is rotated by receiving power from the control device 7. The hoisting machine 6 is provided with a rotation meter 8 that rotates in conjunction with the hoisting machine 6. The control device 7 grasps the amount of rotation of the hoisting machine 6 by counting pulses generated as the rotation meter 8 rotates. Further, the hoisting machine 6 can be controlled by converting how much the hoisting machine 6 should be rotated in order to raise or lower the rope 2 by a predetermined length.

The loaded load of the car 1 is measured by a load meter 12 provided at the lower part of the car, and the measurement result is transmitted to the control device 7.

The cage 1 is provided with a roller guide (not shown), and the cage 1 moves up and down while the roller guide rotates along a guide rail 10 installed so as to extend in the vertical direction. Is suppressed. The basket 1 is also provided with a basket fixing device 11, which plays the following role.

After the car 1 arrives at a certain floor (after raising and lowering), the door opens and a person gets on and off, but the rope expands and contracts due to a change in the load when the car gets on and off, and the car 1 swings up and down. In order to suppress this vertical movement, the basket fixing device 11 presses a braking piece (not shown) against the guide rail 10. Control for pushing out or retracting the braking piece is performed based on a command signal from the control device 7.

The control procedure at this time is as follows. Immediately after the end of the raising and lowering, the car fixing device 11 presses the braking piece against the guide rail 10 in accordance with a command from the control device 7 to fix the car 1. The fixed state of the basket 1 continues until the person gets on and off and starts the next lift. Immediately before the start of raising and lowering, the basket 1 is released from the braking piece pressed against the guide rail 10 by the instruction of the control device 7 to release the fixation of the cage 1, so that the fixed state of the cage 1 ends.

[Solving problems that occur when unlocking a basket]
As described above, the cage 1 is released from being fixed and the raising / lowering of the cage 1 is started, but a problem occurs at that time. That is, when the load of the car 1 is increased before the car 1 is fixed compared to before the car 1 is fixed, the car 1 is suspended by the amount of the increased load after the car is released. The rope 2 is stretched and the basket 1 is suddenly lowered, which causes a shock. This is because the value of the rope tension increases from the value corresponding to the load before the increase to the value corresponding to the load after the increase after the cage is released.

In order to prevent such a situation, the rope 2 is pulled up by a length that the rope 2 extends after the cage is released, and the rope tension is increased before the fixation is released.

In addition, when the load of the car 1 is less before the car 1 is fixed than when the car 1 is fixed, the car 1 is suspended by the reduced load after the car is released. Since the rope 2 is contracted and the cage 1 is rapidly raised, there is a problem that a shock occurs. This is because the value of the rope tension decreases from the value corresponding to the loaded load before the decrease to the value corresponding to the decreased loaded load after the cage is released.

In order to prevent such a situation, the rope tension is lowered by releasing the rope 2 before releasing the fixation, so long as the rope 2 is contracted after the cage is released.

As described above, if the rope 2 is lifted or pulled down before the cage 1 is released, no shock will occur after the lock is released. The next issue is how much should be done.

[The amount of rope length change at the floor of consideration should be obtained in a state where the cage is not fixed]
Consider the case where the basket 1 has moved up and down to a certain floor. This floor is called the consideration floor. Measure the load when moving up and down to the consideration floor and the load when starting up and down to a new floor after a person gets on and off the consideration floor and subtract the former load from the latter load This value is stored as ΔW0. This absolute value | ΔW0 | is used to determine how long the rope 2 should be raised or lowered before releasing the fixation of the cage 1 to start raising and lowering from the consideration floor to a new floor. I will calculate it.

For this purpose, it is only necessary to know how much the rope length changes when the load is changed by | ΔW0 | in a state where the cage 1 is not fixed. Because, if the rope is stretched due to the change in the loaded load at this time, when the cage 1 is released from the fixed state, the rope 2 is pulled up by the stretched length to increase the rope tension. Thus, the rope tension does not increase only after the fixing is released. Further, if the rope contracts due to a change in the load when the cage 1 is not fixed, the rope 2 is pulled down by the length of the contraction when the cage 1 is released from the fixed state. This is because by keeping the tension small, the rope tension does not become small until after the fixation is released.

As described above, it is desired to create a state in which the cage 1 is not fixed on the stop floor (a state in which the rope hanging the cage 1 expands and contracts according to the change in the load of the cage 1). There is a way. That is, “a method for preventing the control device 7 from instructing the car fixing device 11”, “a method for interrupting the command path from the control device 7 to the car fixing device 11”, and “the car fixing device 11 releasing the braking piece”. “A method of not doing so” and “A method of preventing the basket fixing device 11 from pressing the braking piece against the guide rail 10”. Among them, the “method for the control device 7 not to instruct the car fixing device 11” is adopted in the following description, but if it can create a state where the car 1 is not fixed on the stop floor, Any method (whether or not) does not depart from the essence of the present invention.

In the following description, “a method in which the control device 7 does not instruct the basket fixing device 11” is employed in order to create a state where the cage 1 is not fixed on the stop floor. Then, this method is further refined, and when the control device 7 takes an internal state referred to as “the cage non-fixing mode”, a method is adopted in which a command to fix the cage is not issued to the cage fixing device 11. I will do it. On the other hand, in a normal case, a command to fix the basket is issued when the car arrives, and a command to release the car lock is issued when the car departs. In this case, the control device 7 is referred to as a “car fixing mode”. Let's take the internal state. In this way, the control device 7 takes either the “basket non-fixed mode” or the “basket fixed mode”. In order to switch between the two modes, a dedicated switch (not shown) is provided in the basket 1 or the like so that the operation is transmitted to the control device 7. Note that this switch is operated to switch to the “non-cage fixed mode” mainly during the period until construction of the new elevator in the building is completed, and after the construction is completed, the elevator is in a normal operating state. At the time of maintenance inspection work.

[Measure the amount of change in rope length at a given floor]
In this way, it is only necessary to calculate how much the rope length changes when the loading load is changed on the consideration floor in the non-cage fixed mode. Measure how much the rope length changes when changing the load on the lower floor and the top floor, and calculate from that data.

A manual operation procedure for obtaining related data such as the measurement of the rope length variation on the lowermost floor and the uppermost floor will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The change in the rope length is measured by replacing the change in the rope floor with the change in the cage floor height because the change in the rope length is reflected in the change in the cage floor height.

First, in step S21, the control device 7 is set to the basket non-fixed mode by a dedicated operation. In step S31, the car 1 is lowered to the lowest floor.

In the subsequent step S32, the car 1 is brought into an unloaded state, and the measurement data of the load cell 12 is stored under the name W11 in the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation. In subsequent step S33, how many mm the cage floor is above and below the landing floor is measured, and the measured value is written into the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation and stored under the name D11. This value is a positive value when the basket floor is above the landing floor and a negative value when it is below the floor. Since this point is the same in the measurement of the basket floor height described below, description of this point will be omitted below.

In subsequent step S34, the weight for the rated load prepared in advance at the landing is loaded into the car 1, and the measurement data of the load cell 12 is stored in the storage area of the control device 7 under the name W12 by a dedicated operation. In the following step S35, how many mm the cage floor is above and below the landing floor is measured, and the measured value is written into the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation and stored under the name D12.

In the subsequent step S36, the controller 7 is caused to calculate | W11−W12 | by a dedicated operation, and the result is stored in the storage area under the name ΔW1, and | D11−D12 | is calculated. Is stored in the storage area under the name ΔD1.

In step S41, the car 1 is raised to the top floor. In subsequent step S42, the car 1 is stored in the storage area of the control device 7 as W22 in the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation while the car 1 is in the rated load state. In subsequent step S43, how many mm the cage floor is above and below the landing floor is measured, and the measured value is written into the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation and stored under the name D22.

In subsequent step S44, the weight is lowered from the car 1 to make it unloaded, and the measurement data of the load cell 12 is stored in the storage area of the control device 7 under the name W21 by a dedicated operation. In subsequent step S45, how many mm the cage floor is above and below the landing floor is measured, and the measured value is written into the storage area of the control device 7 by a dedicated operation and stored under the name D21.

In the subsequent step S46, the controller 7 is caused to calculate | W21−W22 | by a dedicated operation, and the result is stored in the storage area under the name ΔW2, and | D21−D22 | is calculated. Is stored in the storage area under the name ΔD2.

[Determine the amount of rope length change at the floor under consideration from the amount of rope length change at the specified floor]
Next, when the basket 1 arrives at the consideration floor in the car non-fixed mode, the amount of change ΔD0 in the cage floor height with respect to the absolute value | ΔW0 | I will do it. Taking these ratios and considering the value ΔD0 / | ΔW0 |, this can be calculated from a similar value ΔD1 / ΔW1 at the bottom floor and a similar value ΔD2 / ΔW2 at the top floor. That is, FIG. 3 is drawn in which a linear interpolation calculation is graphed in consideration of the pre-measured landing floor heights Z1 (bottom floor), Z0 (consideration floor), and Z2 (top floor). An expression can be derived. ΔD0 / | ΔW0 | = [ΔD1 / ΔW1 × (Z2−Z0) + ΔD2 / ΔW2 × (Z0−Z1)] / (Z2−Z1). (Note that the floor height of each floor may be determined by measuring the distance from, for example, the lowest floor landing floor)

The cage floor height change amount ΔD0 obtained in this way in the basket non-fixed mode may be set to a length for lifting or lowering the rope 2 at the time of releasing the fixation in the cage fixed mode. That is, when ΔW0> 0, the rope 2 is lifted by ΔD0 and then the cage is released. When ΔW0 <0, the rope 2 is lowered by ΔD0 and then the cage is released.

When the rope 2 is raised or lowered by ΔD0, the control device 7 grasps the amount of rotation of the hoisting machine 6 by counting the pulses generated as the tachometer 8 rotates, and When the rotation amount corresponding to raising or lowering by ΔD0 is rotated, the power supply to the hoisting machine 6 is stopped.

[Control procedure from end to end of lifting]
The contents described above will be described in the form of a control procedure. That is, in the aspect from when the cage 1 arrives at a certain floor in the basket fixing mode and finishes raising / lowering, there is a person getting on / off on that floor, and until raising / lowering is started aiming at a new floor. The control procedure taken by 7 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, in step S1, when the basket 1 arrives at a certain floor, the power supply to the hoisting machine 6 is stopped to stop the rotation, and the lifting is finished. In subsequent step S <b> 2, the measurement data W <b> 01 transmitted from the load cell 12 is stored in a storage area in the control device 7. In the subsequent step S3, the car fixing device 11 is instructed, and the car 1 is fixed by pressing the braking piece against the guide rail 10.

In the subsequent step S4, the door is opened, and a person gets on and off. In the subsequent step S5, the door is closed after a predetermined time. In the subsequent step S6, W02-W01 is calculated from the measurement data W02 transmitted from the load meter when the door is closed and W01 stored in step S2, and the calculation result ΔW0 is stored in the storage area in the control device 7. To remember.

In the subsequent step S7, from ΔW0 stored in step S6, the load changes ΔW1 and ΔW2 obtained in advance in the lowermost floor and the uppermost floor in the basket non-fixed mode, and the basket floor height changes ΔD1 and ΔD2 The floor height Z1 (bottom floor), Z0 (consideration floor), Z2 (top floor) of each floor measured in advance is calculated using the following formula, and the calculation result ΔD0 is calculated in the controller 7. Store in the storage area. ΔD0 = [ΔD1 / ΔW1 × (Z2−Z0) + ΔD2 / ΔW2 × (Z0−Z1)] / (Z2−Z1) × | ΔW0 |

In the subsequent step S8, the sign of ΔW0 is determined. If ΔW0> 0, the process proceeds to step S9. If ΔW0 <0, the process proceeds to step S10. If ΔW0 = 0, the process proceeds to step S11.

In step S9, the hoisting machine 6 is rotated so that the rope is pulled up by ΔD0. In step S10, the hoisting machine 6 is rotated so as to lower the rope by ΔD0.

In step S11, the basket fixing device 11 is instructed to retract the braking piece pressed against the guide rail 11, and the basket 1 is released. Then, the hoisting machine starts to rotate, and the basket is departed for a new floor. The control procedure has been described above.

[Modification of Embodiment]
In the embodiment described above, the mechanism for pressing the braking piece against the guide rail 10 and fixing the basket 1 is cited as the cage fixing device. However, any mechanism can be used as long as it suppresses the cage movement in the vertical direction of the hoistway. Such a basket fixing device may be adopted.

In the embodiment described above, it is described that the load is measured after the basket 1 arrives at the consideration floor. However, the measurement timing of the load is considered from the time before the lift is started aiming at the consideration floor. Any point up to the point after arriving at the floor is acceptable.

In the above-described embodiment, the control device 7 controls how much the hoisting machine 6 should be rotated in order to raise or lower the rope 2 by a predetermined length. However, it is not essential to use such a tachometer, as long as it is possible to control the rope 2 to be raised or lowered by a predetermined length. Such a form is also acceptable.

In the embodiment described above, the cage floor height when the loaded load is changed from the non-loading to the rated loading (or from the rated loading to no loading) on the lowermost floor and the uppermost floor in the non-cage fixed mode. We measured the amount of change, and based on that, we calculated the amount of change in the cage floor height with respect to the amount of change in the load on the consideration floor, but instead of the bottom floor and the top floor, two arbitrarily different locations On the other floor, instead of unloading and rated loading, the cage floor height change amount may be measured for two different types of predetermined loads.

In addition, the change in the height of the cage floor is measured at three or more different predetermined floors, or the change in the height of the cage floor is measured at three or more different predetermined loads. An appropriate calculation formula may be set so that ΔD0 / | ΔW0 | of the consideration floor can be estimated.

Further, by measuring the cage floor height change amount ΔD1 with respect to the load load change amount ΔW1 on all the floors, ΔD0 / | ΔW0 | of an arbitrary consideration floor is ΔD1 / ΔW1 itself measured on that floor. It is good.

Further, the cage floor height change amount ΔD1 with respect to the load load change amount ΔW1 is measured at an arbitrary predetermined floor, and ΔD1 / ΔW1 obtained from the measured value is set as ΔD0 / | ΔW0 | You may decide to adopt.

In short, even if there is a slight difference in the accuracy of the amount of change in the height of the cage floor on the consideration floor, which is calculated based on how many floors and how many types of loads are used to measure data. The amount of change in the floor height of the consideration floor can be calculated, but this is acceptable if it can be used to control the shock when releasing the cage.

Further, in the embodiment described above, the change amount of the cage floor height is measured in the cage non-fixed mode. However, not only the change amount of the cage floor height but also the rope length change amount can be measured. Various measurement methods may be used.

Further, the embodiment described above is described by a method that does not issue a command to fix the basket to the basket fixing device 11 when the control device 7 takes an internal state referred to as “the basket non-fixed mode”. It is a thing. The description related to this method is that the state in which the cage 1 is not fixed on the stop floor (the state in which the rope suspending the cage 1 expands and contracts according to the change in the load on the cage 1) is in some manner. It shows an example of what was created and implemented. Therefore, no matter what method is adopted to realize this state, it does not depart from the essence of the present invention.

[Effects of embodiment and modification]
According to the embodiment and the modification described above, the following effects can be obtained. That is, by measuring the amount of change in the rope length with respect to the predetermined amount of change in the load on the predetermined floor in a state where the cage is not fixed, the amount of change in the rope length with respect to the arbitrary change in the load on the arbitrary floor is calculated. be able to. Therefore, the rope tension after unlocking the cage by releasing the cage after raising or lowering the rope by this calculated rope length change amount at any floor with the cage fixed Can be avoided and shock can be prevented.

In this way, by utilizing the storage area and calculation function of the control device, the length for pulling up and down the rope can be obtained, so there is no need to add an extra device such as a limit switch, and the degree of design freedom is increased. There is no problem of being constrained or expensive. In addition, it is possible to immediately grasp the length of lifting and lowering the rope, and know in advance when to finish the lifting and lowering operation, so that the departure of the elevator may be delayed by one tempo. There will be no decrease in operation efficiency.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Basket, 2 ... Rope, 3 ... Main sheave, 4 ... Deflection sheave, 5 ... Counterweight, 6 ... Hoisting machine, 7 ... Control device, 8 ... Rotation meter, 10 ... Guide rail, 11 ... Basket fixing device 12 ... Load cell.

Claims (3)

A rope that suspends a cage; a hoisting machine that raises or lowers the rope; and a control device that raises or lowers the rope by a predetermined length by rotating the hoisting machine by a predetermined amount of rotation; In an elevator comprising: a basket fixing device that fixes or releases the basket according to a command from the control device; and a load meter that measures a load load of the basket and transmits the load to the control device. ,
When starting the elevator from an arbitrary floor, the control device fixes the cage after the rope is lifted or lowered by the hoisting machine by the length calculated based on the following (A) and (B). An elevator which causes the apparatus to release the fixing of the basket.
(A) A change amount of the loaded load measured on the arbitrary floor.
(B) A rope length change amount when a load is changed by a predetermined amount on a predetermined floor in a state where the basket is not fixed.   The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the control device causes the hoist to pull up the rope when the loading load measured on an arbitrary floor increases at the time of departure than at the time of arrival. elevator.   The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the rope length change amount is a change amount of the cage floor height.

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