JP2013094155A - Greenhouse cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greenhouse cultivation method which can efficiently use heat energy and carbon dioxide, which are contained in a high temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide in a high concentration, for plants, and can promote the growth of the plants.SOLUTION: The greenhouse cultivation method is characterized by disposing a gas holder 12 in a greenhouse, charging and storing the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide in a higher concentration than the carbon dioxide concentration of a greenhouse space 1 and having higher temperature than that of air, in the gas holder 12, disposing a heating process for supplying the heat energy in the greenhouse space 1 by the release of heat from the surface of the gas holder 12 from the start of the charging of the exhaust gas to the finish of the charging and further during the storage of the exhaust gas and heating air on the neighborhood of the plant P, disposing a carbon dioxide concentration increasing process for discharging the exhaust gas in the greenhouse space 1 and increasing the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the air on the neighborhood of the plant P with the carbon dioxide contained in the discharged exhaust gas, and starting the charging of the exhaust gas in the heating process and the discharging of the exhaust gas in the carbon dioxide concentration increasing process at different timing.

Description

  The present invention relates to a greenhouse cultivation method, and more particularly, to a greenhouse cultivation method in which thermal energy and carbon dioxide contained in a gas are used by a plant.

  Patent Document 1 describes that the productivity of cultivated plants is improved by adjusting the carbon dioxide concentration in the house.

  On the other hand, in a wide variety of industries, a large amount of high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas generated by the combustion of organic waste, at a high concentration has been discharged to the atmosphere.

JP-A-11-275965

  In view of environmental problems, the present inventor has eagerly studied about the effective use of high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a high concentration. We tried to promote the growth of plants by supplying and utilizing the thermal energy in exhaust gas and carbon dioxide in exhaust gas.

  However, there is a limit to the use efficiency of thermal energy and carbon dioxide by plants, causing adverse effects such as excessive heating of greenhouse cultivation areas and inhibition of plant oxygen respiration by carbon dioxide. It was easy, and there was room for improvement from the viewpoint of promoting growth.

  Then, the subject of this invention is providing the greenhouse cultivation method which makes a plant use efficiently the thermal energy and carbon dioxide which are contained in the high temperature waste gas which contains a carbon dioxide in high concentration, and can promote a plant growth. .

  Other problems of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

  The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

(Claim 1)
A gas holder is installed in the greenhouse where plants are grown.
The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a concentration higher than the carbon dioxide concentration in the air in the greenhouse space in the greenhouse, and the exhaust gas having a temperature higher than the temperature of the air is filled and stored in the gas holder,
The heat energy from the exhaust gas is supplied into the greenhouse space by heat radiation from the surface of the gas holder while the gas holder starts and ends the filling of the exhaust gas and is stored after the completion. A heating step of heating the air in the vicinity of the plant;
A carbon dioxide concentration increasing step of discharging the exhaust gas stored in the gas holder into the greenhouse space and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air near the plant by the carbon dioxide contained in the exhausted exhaust gas. ,
The greenhouse cultivation method characterized by starting the filling of the exhaust gas in the heating step and the discharge of the exhaust gas in the carbon dioxide concentration increasing step at different timings.
(Claim 2)
The air is heated in a time zone in which the temperature of air in the vicinity of the plant is lowered, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the air is increased in a time zone in which photosynthesis of the plant is activated. Greenhouse cultivation method.
(Claim 3)
The greenhouse gas cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the exhaust gas has a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of 5 to 20% by volume.
(Claim 4)
The greenhouse gas cultivating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas generated by burning biogas generated by methane fermentation of biomass.
(Claim 5)
5. The greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a gas holder is filled with the exhaust gas until a predetermined pressure is reached.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the greenhouse energy cultivation method which can make a plant use efficiently the thermal energy and carbon dioxide contained in gas, and can promote the growth of a plant can be provided.

Schematic which shows an example of the cultivation system for enforcing the greenhouse cultivation method concerning this invention Schematic showing an example of using exhaust gas generated from a combustion device that burns combustible gas Schematic showing an example of using a heat exchange boiler as a combustion device Schematic showing an example of supplying gas to multiple independent greenhouse spaces

  In order to grow, plants need a heat source for obtaining a temperature suitable for metabolism, in addition to light energy for photosynthesis and carbon dioxide. By maintaining the temperature suitable for growth, the activity of the enzyme is increased, and the cell membrane function is enhanced by preventing the membrane lipid from solidifying, thereby contributing to the progress of metabolic reaction and the transfer of substances. Carbon dioxide is taken into the chloroplast, immobilized by photosynthesis, and converted into an energy source such as sucrose.

  This inventor examined the requirement of these thermal energy and carbon dioxide by the plant in a greenhouse as a utilization method of the thermal energy and carbon dioxide in combustion exhaust gas. And we focused on the fact that the thermal energy and carbon dioxide requirements by plants change independently of each other over time.

  The present inventor diligently studied to cope with these changes in requirements, paying attention to the fact that the thermal energy contained in the gas and carbon dioxide can be separated, and using this property, The inventors came up with a configuration for supplying carbon with a time difference, and reached the present invention.

  For example, at night, the temperature is lowered and the metabolic reaction and the movement of substances are likely to be delayed, so that the heat energy requirement is increased, but photosynthesis hardly proceeds and oxygen respiration is performed. For this reason, it is desirable that the carbon dioxide requirement is low, and rather the carbon dioxide concentration is low. By supplying the thermal energy derived from the gas in accordance with this, it becomes possible to promote metabolic reaction and substance transfer without increasing the carbon dioxide concentration.

  On the other hand, during the daytime, the heat energy requirement is relatively low due to the high temperature due to sunlight, but the carbon dioxide requirement is increased because photosynthesis is active and carbon dioxide is likely to be insufficient. By supplying carbon dioxide derived from the gas in accordance with this, it is possible to promote the photosynthesis by carbon dioxide and increase the production amount of the energy source without excessively heating the greenhouse space.

  As a result, the metabolic reaction and the movement of substances can be promoted and the production amount of the energy source can be increased without causing adverse effects such as inhibition of oxygen respiration and excessive heating.

  In other words, the plant can efficiently use the thermal energy and carbon dioxide contained in the gas because the thermal energy and carbon dioxide can be efficiently supplied according to changes in the thermal energy and carbon dioxide requirement by the plant. Thereby, there exists an effect which the growth of a plant is accelerated | stimulated very suitably.

  Hereinafter, the greenhouse cultivation method of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cultivation system for carrying out the greenhouse cultivation method according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, P is a plant, 1 is a greenhouse space for cultivating the plant P, and is shielded from outside air by the greenhouse 11.

  A gas holder 12 is provided in the greenhouse space 1.

  The gas holder 12 includes an openable / closable inlet 121 for introducing exhaust gas and an openable / closable outlet 122 for discharging exhaust gas into the greenhouse space 1.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the inlet 121 is opened, the outlet 122 is closed, and through the inlet 121, carbon dioxide having a higher temperature and higher concentration than the air in the greenhouse space 1 is introduced into the gas holder 12. Fill with exhaust gas containing carbon.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the inlet 121 is closed to complete the filling, and the filled exhaust gas is stored in the gas holder 12.

  While the storage is continued from the start of gas filling, heat energy from the gas is supplied into the greenhouse space 1 by heat radiation from the surface of the gas holder 12, and the air in the vicinity of the plant P is heated (heating step).

  Next, after storage for a predetermined time, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the discharge port 122 is opened, and the exhaust gas stored in the gas holder 12 is discharged into the greenhouse space 1 through the discharge port 122. The carbon dioxide concentration in the air near the plant P is increased by the carbon dioxide contained in the discharged exhaust gas (carbon dioxide concentration increasing step).

  In this way, by using the gas holder 12 having a very simple structure, the filling of the exhaust gas in the heating process and the discharge of the exhaust gas in the carbon dioxide concentration increasing process are started at different timings, It becomes possible to supply thermal energy derived from exhaust gas and carbon dioxide at a time difference.

  Thereby, as mentioned above, the heat energy and carbon dioxide contained in the high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a high concentration can be efficiently utilized by the plant, and the effect of promoting the growth of the plant can be obtained.

In the present invention, the gas holder 12 is not particularly limited as long as it can store exhaust gas inside and can dissipate heat energy of the exhaust gas toward the outside (greenhouse space 1). The heat transfer by natural convection is preferably in the range of 5 to 10 kcal · m ² · hr ⁻¹ · deg ⁻¹ .

  The material of the gas holder 12 is not particularly limited as long as carbon dioxide does not flow to the outside from a portion other than the inlet port 121 and the outlet port 122, and can preferably be exemplified by resin, metal, etc., and particularly excellent in flexibility. A resin is preferable because it can be easily deformed with filling and discharging of gas.

  The shape and capacity of the gas holder 12 used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be installed in the greenhouse space 1 individually or connected by using easily available sheets such as bags or cylinders. it can. For example, a cylindrical hard polyethylene sheet having a diameter of about 70 cm can be connected to a length exceeding 10 m to form one gas holder, for example, several tens of meters for heat insulation for preventing cold damage It is also preferable to make it the above length. These can be appropriately changed according to the type of plant P to be cultivated, the volume of the greenhouse space 1 or the temperature of the outside air (cultivation season).

  The temperature of the exhaust gas filled in the gas holder 12 is not particularly limited as long as it is at least higher than the greenhouse space 1 and is at least the melting point of the members constituting the gas holder 12. If the melting point is exceeded, the temperature can be adjusted in advance by a cooling means such as a radiator. When a heat resistant resin sheet is used as the gas holder 12, for example, a range of 100 ° C. or lower and 50 ° C. or higher is preferable. Moreover, even at a low temperature of less than 50 ° C., sufficient functions can be exhibited in applications such as prevention of cold damage in cold regions.

  It is also preferable that the temperature of the gas introduced into the gas holder 12 is appropriately adjusted and changed according to the type of plant P to be cultivated, the volume of the greenhouse space 1 or the temperature of the outside air (cultivation season). .

  In the inlet 121 and the outlet 122 provided in the gas holder 12, one opening that can be opened and closed may serve as both of them. In this case, the opening is opened at the time of gas introduction and gas discharge and closed at the time of storage.

  In the present invention, the timing of ending the filling of the exhaust gas into the gas holder 12 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set. For example, the filling is performed until the pressure in the gas holder 12 reaches a predetermined value. It is also preferable to end the filling when a predetermined value is reached. Moreover, instead of the pressure, the volume in the gas holder 12 may be used as a trigger.

  In the present invention, the time difference between the supply of thermal energy and carbon dioxide is the time difference from the start of filling of the exhaust gas into the gas holder 12 to the start of discharge, and the heat energy of the plant is set by setting the time spent for introduction and the storage time. And it adjusts suitably according to the change of carbon dioxide requirement, etc.

  In the present invention, the introduction of the exhaust gas into the gas holder 12 is preferably performed over a period of time by reducing the introduction speed, or intermittently divided into a plurality of times. Thereby, the thermal energy derived from the exhaust gas can be dispersed and supplied to the plant over time, and rapid heating can be prevented, and the plant can effectively use the thermal energy.

  In the present invention, when the temperature in the greenhouse space 1 rises excessively as a result of the introduction of the gas into the gas holder 12, the air in the greenhouse space 1 is appropriately replaced with outside air (ventilation / dispersion) or the like. It can be easily reduced to cope.

  In the present invention, it is also preferable to discharge the exhaust gas from the gas holder 12 to the greenhouse space 1 over a period of time by reducing the discharge speed, or intermittently in a plurality of times. Thereby, the carbon dioxide derived from the exhaust gas can be dispersed over time and supplied to the plant. For example, the plant can supply carbon dioxide more efficiently by supplying over time so as to supplement the carbon dioxide consumption by the plant in a range not exceeding the upper limit (usually about 2000 ppm) of the effective carbon dioxide concentration in photosynthesis. There is an effect that can be used.

  In the present invention, when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse space 1 increases excessively as a result of exhaust gas discharge from the gas holder 12 to the greenhouse space 1, the air in the greenhouse space 1 is appropriately replaced with outside air or the like ( It can be easily reduced by ventilation / dispersion).

  In the present invention, the introduction of the exhaust gas into the gas holder 12 is started during the time zone when the temperature of the greenhouse space 1 is lowered, the thermal energy is supplied to the plant P, and the photosynthesis of the plant P is activated. It is preferable to discharge the exhaust gas from the gas holder 12 to the greenhouse space 1 and supply the carbon dioxide to the plant P during the time period.

  The time zone in which the temperature of the greenhouse space 1 is lowered is normally the night (dark period) from sunset to sunrise, and the time zone in which the photosynthesis of the plant P is activated is usually from sunrise. Daytime until sunset (light period). However, when cultivating by controlling the light irradiation conditions and the like, it is not limited to this, and it is preferable to set appropriately according to the timing of forming the light period or dark period.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the greenhouse space 1 is shielded from the outside air by the greenhouse 11, thereby suitably preventing loss due to the heat energy derived from the exhaust gas and the diffusion of carbon dioxide to the outside air.

  Here, the shielding does not mean a sealed state, and the greenhouse space 1 does not necessarily need to be completely shielded from the outside air.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another example of the greenhouse cultivation method according to the present invention, and shows an example in which exhaust gas generated from a combustion apparatus that burns combustible gas is used.

  In FIG. 2, 2 is a methane fermentation tank, 3 is a desulfurization device, 4 is a biogas storage tank, 5 is a combustion device, and 6 is an exhaust gas storage tank. Note that portions with the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  The methane fermenter 2 introduces biomass and ferments to produce biogas containing at least methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The produced biogas is introduced into the desulfurization apparatus 3 and hydrogen sulfide is removed by desulfurization treatment. Although it does not specifically limit as a desulfurization apparatus, A biological desulfurization tower can be illustrated preferably. The biogas after the desulfurization treatment is appropriately stored in the biogas storage tank 4 and then supplied to the combustion device 5. Although it does not specifically limit as the combustion apparatus 5, A gas engine etc. can be illustrated preferably, and it burns biogas, collect | recovers combustion energy, and produces | generates waste gas.

  Carbon dioxide generated from biogas is so-called carbon neutral, and even if it is released into the atmosphere, it does not mean that greenhouse gas has been newly released. In particular, in the present invention, since carbon dioxide is effectively used by plants, even if unused carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere, it has an extremely excellent environmental adaptability.

  In the present invention, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device 5 is a gas containing carbon dioxide having a higher temperature and higher concentration than the greenhouse space 1, and after being appropriately stored in the exhaust gas storage tank, It is introduced into the gas holder 12.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing still another example of the greenhouse cultivation method according to the present invention, and shows an example in which a heat exchange boiler is used as the combustion device 5. 3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 indicate the same configurations.

  Heat energy generated by heat exchange in the heat exchange boiler 5 is supplied to plants in the greenhouse space 1. Thereby, since a plant can receive both the heat energy produced | generated by the heat exchange in the heat exchange type | mold boiler 5, and the heat energy by the thermal radiation from the gas holder 12, it is suitable for cultivation especially in winter.

  In the illustrated example, the heat exchange boiler 5 is installed in the greenhouse space 1, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may be installed outside the greenhouse space 1, and heat energy is transferred to the greenhouse space. What is necessary is just to be provided so that supply to one plant is possible.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing still another example of the greenhouse cultivation method according to the present invention. Here, exhaust gas is supplied to a plurality of independent greenhouse spaces 1.

  In FIG. 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the biogas stored in the biogas storage tank 4 is supplied to the heat exchange boiler 5 provided in each greenhouse space 1. It is also preferable to measure the temperature in each greenhouse space 1 and control the amount of biogas supplied to each greenhouse space 1 so that the temperature in each greenhouse space 1 maintains a predetermined temperature.

  In the above description, the case where the combustion apparatus 5 burns biogas generated by methane fermentation to generate exhaust gas has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to biogas, and may be combustible gas such as natural gas. .

  In the present invention, the exhaust gas introduced into the gas holder 12, that is, the exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a higher temperature and higher concentration than the greenhouse space 1, preferably has a carbon dioxide concentration in the range of 5 to 20% by volume.

  In the present invention, the positional relationship between the gas holder 12 and the plant P is not particularly limited as long as thermal energy and carbon dioxide derived from exhaust gas can be supplied from the gas holder 12 to the plant P. For example, the gas holder 12 can be installed above, below, or on the side of the plant, and the supply efficiency of heat energy is excellent, so that the gas holder 12 is particularly preferably provided on the side or under the plant P.

  In the above description, the case where the plant that receives the supply of thermal energy from the gas and the plant that receives the supply of carbon dioxide is the same, but is not necessarily limited thereto. Since the thermal energy and carbon dioxide are separated and used, the plant receiving the supply of thermal energy and the plant receiving the supply of carbon dioxide may be different. For example, thermal energy derived from exhaust gas can be supplied to plants in the first greenhouse space, and carbon dioxide derived from the exhaust gas can be supplied to plants in a second greenhouse space different from the first greenhouse space. . By such an aspect, the effect that heat energy and carbon dioxide can be used more effectively is obtained.

  Specifically, the exhaust gas is introduced into the gas holder provided in the first greenhouse space, the first greenhouse space is heated by heat radiation from the exhaust gas, and then the exhaust gas in the gas holder is secondly discharged. A method of increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the second greenhouse space by transferring it to the greenhouse space and introducing it is preferably exemplified.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the system excellent in the efficiency can be provided in the trigeneration (electric power, heat, carbon dioxide supply) etc. in biogas, for example. Furthermore, in the present invention, for example, when hydroponics is performed in a greenhouse, when using a methane fermentation digestion liquid, preferably a methane fermentation digestion liquid after desalting, quadruple (quartet) generation, An extremely efficient tomato cultivation method and the like can be provided. Therefore, it is preferable to supply as much heat energy and carbon dioxide as possible within a range that does not exceed the allowable value (threshold value) of the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration of the greenhouse space 1. In order to realize this specifically, it is also preferable to control the supply amount of thermal energy and carbon dioxide by monitoring the temperature in the greenhouse space 1 or monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration. The allowable values of the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration are appropriately set according to the type of plant P to be cultivated, and can be appropriately changed according to the time zone.

1: Greenhouse space 11: Shielding means 12: Gas holder 121: Inlet port 122: Outlet port 2: Methane fermenter 3: Desulfurization device 4: Biogas storage tank 5: Combustion device 6: Exhaust gas storage tank P: Plant

Claims (5)

A gas holder is installed in the greenhouse where plants are grown.
The exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a concentration higher than the carbon dioxide concentration in the air in the greenhouse space in the greenhouse, and the exhaust gas having a temperature higher than the temperature of the air is filled and stored in the gas holder,
The heat energy from the exhaust gas is supplied into the greenhouse space by heat radiation from the surface of the gas holder while the gas holder starts and ends the filling of the exhaust gas and is stored after the completion. A heating step of heating the air in the vicinity of the plant;
A carbon dioxide concentration increasing step of discharging the exhaust gas stored in the gas holder into the greenhouse space and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air near the plant by the carbon dioxide contained in the exhausted exhaust gas. ,
The greenhouse cultivation method characterized by starting the filling of the exhaust gas in the heating step and the discharge of the exhaust gas in the carbon dioxide concentration increasing step at different timings.   The air is heated in a time zone in which the temperature of air in the vicinity of the plant is lowered, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the air is increased in a time zone in which photosynthesis of the plant is activated. Greenhouse cultivation method.   The greenhouse gas cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the exhaust gas has a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of 5 to 20% by volume.   The greenhouse gas cultivating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas generated by burning biogas generated by methane fermentation of biomass.   5. The greenhouse cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a gas holder is filled with the exhaust gas until a predetermined pressure is reached.

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