JP2013088277A - Soil hardness measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil hardness measuring instrument which has a simple structure, a reduction in cost and the improvement of operability and can easily perform inspection in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction.SOLUTION: A soil hardness measuring instrument includes: a cylindrical measuring instrument body 5 having a patch 3 to be brought into contact with the surface of soil 2 at a front end and a rear cap 4 at a rear end in a detachable manner; an intrusion needle 7 provided so as to be intruded into soil from the inside of the measuring instrument body through a hole 6 provided in the patch; a spring 8 housed in the measuring instrument body to give prescribed force to the intrusion needle; an operation shaft 9 inserted into the measuring instrument body, passing through the rear cap to pull backward the spring that should pull the intrusion needle into the measuring instrument body for compression; a trigger 25 provided on the rear cap to lock the operation shaft with the spring compressed by being engaged with an engagement part 24 formed on the operation shaft and to discharge the intrusion needle into the soil by releasing the engagement with the engagement part 24; and a display part 12 provided in the measuring instrument body to display intrusion depth of the intrusion needle.

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil hardness measuring instrument, and more particularly to a soil hardness measuring instrument that is cheaper and easier to handle than conventional products.

  As types of soil hardness measuring instruments conventionally used, the Yamanaka type (mobile type) and the Hasegawa type (intrusion type) are known. For example, Patent Literature 1 is known as a technique related to these.

  The Yamanaka formula is compact and convenient to carry, has high accuracy, and research is also underway on the correlation between numerical soil hardness and root growth.

  On the other hand, the Hasegawa method can measure the soil hardness up to 1000 mm at the maximum depth while keeping the falling inertia force of the vertically falling weight constant. Moreover, the Hasegawa type is provided with a drop guiding device as an auxiliary part, and the drop accuracy is improved.

Japanese Patent No. 3259910

  However, the Yamanaka formula is difficult to adjust and handle because of its high accuracy. In addition, since the tip of the soil hardness tester has a cone shape, it can withstand a strong force, but it is necessary to use a spring with a strong stress, and the survey unit is in millimeters, so complex soil In return, it tends to be an element that misleads the results of the survey. For this reason, a large number of observation points per square meter are taken, and complicated work that results in an analogy value is forced.

  Moreover, since the front-end | tip part of a soil hardness measuring device is cone shape as mentioned above, the measurement depth was shallow and it was difficult to use in parallel with a planting field work.

  On the other hand, the Hasegawa method is inconvenient because not only the weight of the equipment reaches 10 kg, but also a drop penetration type, a simple investigation (measurement) in the lateral direction (horizontal direction) cannot be performed. In addition, the structure of the equipment is complicated and not only expensive, but also has the disadvantage that it takes a lot of time to set up and survey.

  By the way, after actually digging a planting hole, looking at the side of the stratum, it is quite complex, and changes in the strata such as septic layers, pebbles, gravel sand layers, etc. are severe in various parts for shallow reasons. Therefore, it is difficult to assume the result only from the penetration test in the vertical direction (vertical direction).

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and provides a soil hardness measuring instrument that has a simple structure, can reduce costs and improve operability, and can easily perform longitudinal and lateral investigations. With the goal.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cylindrical measuring instrument main body having a contact plate in contact with the soil surface at the front end and a rear cap detachably at the rear end, and the support plate. A penetrating needle provided so as to penetrate into the soil from the inside of the measuring instrument through the provided hole, and the measuring instrument for applying a predetermined force to penetrate the penetrating needle into the soil A spring housed in the body, and an operating shaft for inserting the penetrating cap into the measuring instrument body and pulling the spring backward to compress the penetrating needle into the measuring instrument body; By engaging with an engaging portion provided on the rear cap and formed on the operating shaft, the operating shaft is locked in a state where the spring is compressed, and the penetration is achieved by releasing the engagement with the engaging portion. Trigger to fire the needle into the soil with spring force and It is characterized by comprising a display unit for displaying the penetration depth of the penetration needle provided in the measuring device main body or actuating shaft.

  It is preferable that a lid for preventing erroneous penetration of the penetrating needle is detachably provided in the hole portion of the contact plate.

  The depth of penetration of the penetrating needle into the soil when the spring is removed from the rear end of the measuring instrument body from which the rear cap has been removed and a weight corresponding to the spring force is dropped to the rear of the penetrating needle. It is preferable that the accuracy of the spring is confirmed by comparing the penetration depth of the penetrating needle into the soil by the spring force.

  According to the present invention, the structure is simple, the cost can be reduced and the operability can be improved, and the investigation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be easily performed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows schematically one Embodiment of the soil hardness measuring device which concerns on this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows the state which measures soil hardness with a soil hardness measuring device. It is an exploded view which shows the structure of a soil hardness measuring device. It is a figure which shows the spring used for a soil hardness measuring device. It is a figure which shows the weight for confirming the precision of a spring. It is a figure explaining the weight drop test for confirming the precision of a spring. It is a figure which shows an example which measures soil hardness with a soil hardness measuring device. It is a figure which shows an example of the orthogonal coordinate which records a measurement result. It is a figure explaining the other measuring method by a soil hardness measuring device.

  EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is explained in full detail based on an accompanying drawing.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a soil hardness measuring device. The soil hardness measuring device 1 has a backing plate (also called a saucer) 3 that comes into contact with the surface of the soil 2 at the front end, and a rear cap at the rear end. 4 is provided with a cylindrical measuring instrument body 5 having a detachable structure 4. In this measuring device main body 5, a penetrating needle 7 that penetrates into the soil 2 through a hole 6 provided in the pad 3 and a predetermined force to penetrate the penetrating needle 7 into the soil 2. A spring (coil spring) 8 for imparting a pressure, and an operating shaft 9 for pulling the spring 8 backward and compressing it, and pulling the penetrating needle 7 into the measuring instrument main body 5 are housed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the measuring instrument body 5 is made of a cylindrical body made of metal, for example, aluminum, and has a size that can be easily grasped by hand, for example, a diameter of about 3 to 5 cm and a length of about 50 to 60 cm. Yes. A slit-like display window 10 for displaying a penetration depth of a penetration needle 7 to be described later is formed on the side surface on the distal end side of the measuring instrument body 5 and a scale is provided on at least one side portion of the display window 10. 11 denotes a display unit 12 that displays the penetration depth (penetration amount) of the penetration needle 7.

  In order to install the measuring instrument main body 5 vertically on the adjusted surface of the soil 2, the abutting plate 3 is provided at the tip of the measuring instrument main body 5. The contact plate 3 is made of a metal plate having a diameter of about 3 to 5 cm, for example, an aluminum plate.

  In order to attach the contact plate 3 to the distal end of the measuring instrument body 5, a front cap 13 having the same shape as the rear cap 4 is detachably attached to the distal end of the measuring instrument body 5. Male screw portions 14 and 15 are formed on the outer periphery of the front end portion and the rear end portion of the measuring instrument main body 5, and female screw portions (not shown) that are screwed to the male screw portions 14 and 15 in the front cap 13 and the rear cap 4. ) Is formed.

  The abutting plate 3 is attached to the front cap 13 through a hollow protruding shaft 16. In this case, in order to detachably attach the abutting plate 3 to the projecting shaft 16, a nut 17 is fixed to the center of the rear end of the projecting plate 3, and the nut 17 is screwed to the distal end of the projecting shaft 16. A male screw portion 18 is formed.

  The penetrating needle 7 is made of stainless steel, has a diameter of 4 mm, and has a maximum protruding amount of 10 cm, for example, 10 cm. The penetrating needle 7 has a sharp pointed portion 7 a that is sharp at the tip. A cylindrical sliding body 19 is provided at the rear end of the penetrating needle 7 so as to be slidable in the measuring device main body 5. It is preferable that a taper 20 for smooth sliding is formed on at least the tip side of the sliding body 19. On the side surface of the sliding body 19, a pointer 21 made of a small screw that indicates the penetration depth is attached. The pointer 21 is attached to the sliding body 19 from the outside of the display window 10 of the measuring instrument main body.

  The rear cap 4 is provided with a center hole 22 for projecting the rear end portion of the operation shaft 9. A flange portion 23 for locking the distal end portion of the spring 8 is provided at the distal end portion of the operation shaft 9, and the distal end portion of the flange portion 23 is attached to the sliding body 19 at the rear portion of the penetrating needle 7. It is in contact with force (elasticity, urging force).

  The upper surface of the rear cap 4 is engaged with an engagement portion (engagement groove) 24 formed on a side surface of the operation shaft 9 to lock the operation shaft 9 in a state where the spring 8 is compressed. A trigger 25 for driving the penetrating needle 7 into the soil by the force of the spring 8 by releasing the engagement with the joint portion 24 is provided. The trigger 25 is formed of a horizontally long metal plate, and one end of the trigger 25 is attached to an eccentric position on the upper surface of the rear cap 4 by a screw 26. When the other end of the trigger 25 is rotated in the direction of the arrow as shown in FIG. 7B, the engagement of the trigger 25 is disengaged from the engagement portion 24 of the operation shaft 9, so that the operation shaft 9 is forced by the force of the spring 8. Then, the penetrating needle 7 is driven into the soil 2. It is preferable that a lid (screw lid) 27 for preventing erroneous penetration of the penetrating needle 7 is detachably provided in the hole 6 of the abutting plate 3.

  As the spring 8, two types of springs, a spring 8a having a weak spring force and a spring 8b having a strong spring force, are selectively used as shown in FIGS. It is preferable.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the spring 8 is removed from the rear end of the measuring instrument body 5 from which the rear cap 4 has been removed, and a weight 28 corresponding to the spring force is dropped to the rear part of the penetrating needle 7. The accuracy of the spring 8 can be confirmed by comparing the depth of penetration of the penetrating needle 7 into the soil 2 and the depth of penetration of the penetrating needle 7 into the soil 2 by the spring 8. Preferably it is. Also in this case, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the weight 28 corresponds to the light weight 28a corresponding to the spring 8a having a weak spring force and the spring 8b having a strong spring force. It is preferable that two types of weights, the heavy weight 28b, are selectively used.

  Next, a method for measuring soil hardness using the soil hardness measuring instrument 1 will be described. In general, many plants have absorption roots that are essential for survival about 50 cm from the surface. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the soil 2 is dug down stepwise at intervals of 15 cm in length and 25 cm in width, and the upper surface 2 a and the side surface 2 b of each step are measured by the soil hardness measuring instrument 1. Prior to measurement, the spring 8 is compressed by pulling the rear end portion of the operating shaft 9 of the soil hardness measuring instrument 1, and one side portion of the trigger 25 is engaged with the engaging portion 24 of the operating shaft 9 to be in the locked state. To do. If the measurement is not started immediately, a lid 27 is attached to the hole 6 of the backing plate 3.

  In order to easily pull the operation shaft 9, it is preferable that a handle 30 is provided at the end of the operation shaft 9. The handle 30 is formed in a ring shape, for example, and a hole 31 for attaching the handle 30 is provided at the end of the operation shaft 9 (see FIG. 3). Instead of the puller, non-slip irregularities may be provided on the outer periphery of the end of the operation shaft.

  When measuring the upper surface 2a of the soil 2, the lid 27 is removed from the hole 6 of the backing plate 3, and the measuring device body 5 is set up vertically by pressing the backing plate 3 against the upper surface 2a of the soil 2. To do. In this case, the measuring instrument main body 5 may be held with one hand and the trigger 25 may be operated with the other hand. In order to simplify the structure and improve the detection accuracy, the operating shaft 9 and the penetrating needle 7 are separated from each other, are not bonded, and a spring for retracting the penetrating needle 7 is not used. When the measuring instrument body 5 is set up vertically, the penetrating needle 7 protrudes from the tip of the measuring instrument body 5 by its own weight, but when the pressing plate 3 is pressed against the upper surface 2a of the soil 2, the penetrating needle 7 It is pushed in.

  When the trigger 25 is pulled in the set state, one side portion of the trigger 25 is detached from the engaging portion 24, the restrained state of the operation shaft 9 is released, and the penetrating needle 7 is fired into the soil 2 by the force of the spring 8. The penetration needle 7 is penetrated into the soil 2 by a length corresponding to the hardness of the soil 2. What is necessary is just to measure the penetration amount with the scale 11 of the display part 12, and to record the measured value.

  When measuring the side surface 2b of the soil 2, the trigger plate 25 is pulled and the penetrating needle 7 is fired into the soil 2 with the measuring plate 5 held against the side surface 2b of the soil 2 and held horizontally. -The penetration may be measured on the scale 11 of the display unit 12. For example, when the measured value in the vertical direction is 3 cm and the measured value in the horizontal direction is 7 cm, the measured value C may be recorded in the first quadrant of the orthogonal coordinates 29 as shown in FIG.

  The measured values are recorded in the orthogonal coordinates 29, and a large number of measurement points are observed in a plane and continuously, so that the side index is on the horizontal axis (X axis) and the plane index is on the vertical axis (Y axis). A representing graph can be created.

  By observing the characteristics of the soil and the growth rate of the plant, it becomes possible to understand the relationship between the growth of the plant and the physical characteristics of the soil. It is possible to contribute to the maintenance and development plan. In addition, a water penetration test is attached to the soil inspection, but in the case of 10 cm penetration, the water penetration test is not necessarily required only by visual inspection of the formation and the presence or absence of a strange odor.

  The survey results are based on the characteristics of the place, that is, landscape diagnosis, and the changes due to spring, summer, autumn and winter, the ground temperature, and the water content are observed and recorded by measuring instruments and palpation. The measured value by the soil hardness measuring instrument 1 is 100 units. It is preferable to record in the orthogonal coordinates 29.

  Thus, according to the soil hardness measuring instrument of this embodiment, the cylindrical measuring instrument main body which has the contact plate 3 contact | abutted on the surface of the soil 2 at the front-end | tip, and has the rear cap 4 detachably attached to the rear end. 5, a penetrating needle 7 provided so as to penetrate into the soil 2 from the measuring instrument main body 5 through the hole 6 provided in the pad plate 3, and the penetrating needle 7 into the soil 2. In order to apply a predetermined force to penetrate, a spring 8 accommodated in the measuring device main body 5, a spring 8 is pulled backward to compress and the penetrating needle 7 is pulled into the measuring device main body 5. By engaging the operating shaft 9 and an engaging portion 24 provided on the rear cap 4 and formed on the operating shaft 9, the operating shaft 9 is locked while the spring 8 is compressed, and the engaging portion The engagement needle 24 is released so that the penetrating needle 7 is fired into the soil 2 by the force of the spring 8. For providing the trigger 25 and the display unit 12 for displaying the penetration depth of the penetrating needle 7 provided in the measuring instrument main body 5, the structure is simple, the cost can be reduced, and the operability can be improved. The soil hardness in the vertical and horizontal directions can be easily investigated. Therefore, since the soil hardness measuring instrument 1 is easily available and easily spread, it is easy to obtain soil hardness data. In particular, since the penetrating needle 7 can be set at the measurement location with the penetrating needle 7 retracted into the measuring instrument main body 5, it is possible to easily conduct an investigation in a narrow location.

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. .

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining another measurement method using a soil hardness measuring instrument. This measuring method is performed in a state where the trigger 25 is released, that is, in a state where the penetrating needle 7 protrudes from the contact plate 3. While holding the measuring device main body 5 perpendicular to the surface of the soil 2 with one hand, push the caulking plate 3 until it abuts against the surface of the soil 2 as indicated by the arrow.

  Thereby, since the penetration needle 7 penetrates into the soil 2 according to the hardness of the soil 2, the penetration amount is measured by the scale 11 of the display unit 12, and the measured value may be recorded. In addition, it may be made of synthetic resin other than the penetrating needle and the spring of the soil hardness measuring device, thereby reducing the cost.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Soil hardness measuring device 2 Soil 2a Top surface of soil 2b Side surface of soil 3 Back plate 4 Back cap 5 Measuring device main body 6 Hole 7 Penetration needle 7a Pointed portion 8 Spring 9 Operation shaft 10 Display window 11 Scale 12 Display portion 13 Front portion Caps 14, 15 Male thread part 16 Projection shaft 17 Nut 18 Male thread part 19 Slider 20 Taper 21 Pointer 22 Center hole 23 Flange part 24 Engagement part 25 Trigger 26 Screw 27 Lid 28 Weight 29 Cartesian coordinates

Claims (3)

  A cylindrical measuring instrument main body having a contact plate abutting against the surface of the soil at the front end and a rear cap detachably at the rear end, and inside the measurement instrument main body through a hole provided in the contact plate A penetrating needle provided so as to penetrate more into the soil, a spring accommodated in the measuring instrument main body for applying a predetermined force to penetrate the penetrating needle into the soil, and the measuring instrument An operating shaft that is inserted through the rear cap into the main body and is retracted and compressed to pull the penetrating needle into the measuring instrument body, and formed on the operating shaft provided on the rear cap. The operating shaft is locked in a state where the spring is compressed by engaging with the engaging portion, and the penetrating needle is fired into the soil by spring force by releasing the engagement with the engaging portion. Trigger and the penetrating needle provided on the measuring instrument body Soil hardness measuring instrument is characterized in that a display unit for displaying the depth of penetration.   The soil hardness measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein a lid for preventing erroneous penetration of the penetrating needle is detachably provided in the hole portion of the contact plate.   The depth of penetration of the penetrating needle into the soil when the spring is removed from the rear end of the measuring instrument body from which the rear cap has been removed and a weight corresponding to the spring force is dropped to the rear of the penetrating needle. The soil hardness measuring instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the accuracy of the spring is confirmed by comparing the penetration depth of the penetrating needle into the soil by the spring force. .