JP2013079521A - Rock mass crusher and rock mass crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rock mass crusher capable of improving efficiency of crushing work.SOLUTION: A rock mass crusher which crushes rock mass R by pressing an inner wall Ha of a bored hole formed in the rock mass R includes: a plurality of pressing pieces 2 which are increased in diameter, while they are arranged in the circumferential direction inside the bored hole, to press the inner wall Ha; and a wedge member 3 which moves toward the tip side of the pressing pieces 2 while being inserted between the plurality of pressing pieces 2 to increase the diameter of the pressing pieces 2. The total number of base end side pressing faces 2a for pressing the inner wall Ha in the base end part of the plurality of pressing pieces 2 in the circumferential direction is less than the total number of tip end side pressing faces 2a for pressing the inner wall Ha in the tip end part located closer to the tip end side than the base end part in the circumferential direction.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rock mass crushing apparatus and a rock mass crushing method for crushing a rock mass by pressing an inner wall of a drilled hole formed in the rock mass (including a concrete structure).

  As a conventional rock crushing device, there is known a device that crushes a rock mass by generating cracks in four directions by expanding the diameter of four pressing pieces (see, for example, FIGS. 6 and 8 of Patent Document 1). ). According to this apparatus, since cracks can be generated in four directions of the rock mass, the rock mass can be finely crushed, and the crushing operation can be efficiently performed. In addition, the rock mass may have anisotropy in strength and rigidity, and it is easy to generate a crack in a predetermined direction, but it may be difficult to generate a crack in another direction. Even in such a case, it is possible to reduce the influence of the anisotropy of the rock mass by applying force in four directions, and the crushing operation can be performed with a certain efficiency.

Japanese Patent No. 3381163

  When crushing the rock mass by expanding the diameter of the pressing piece, the crushing usually proceeds from the surface toward the deep part, so it is first necessary to apply a large pressing force to the vicinity of the surface of the rock mass. However, according to the rock mass crushing device described in Patent Document 1, a pressing force acts equally in four directions from the rock surface to the deep part, and a particularly large pressure force acts on the vicinity of the rock surface. is not. For this reason, it took time to crush the vicinity of the surface of the rock mass, and there was a possibility that the efficiency of crushing work might fall.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and it aims at providing the rock mass crushing apparatus and the rock mass crushing method which can improve the efficiency of a crushing operation | work.

  In order to achieve the above object, a rock crushing apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of rock crushing apparatuses arranged in a circumferential direction inside a drilling hole in a rock crushing apparatus that crushes the rock mass by pressing an inner wall of a drilling hole formed in the rock. The diameter of the plurality of pressing pieces is increased by moving to the front end side of the pressing piece while being inserted between the plurality of pressing pieces and the plurality of pressing pieces that press the inner wall. And a total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface that presses the inner wall at the proximal end portions of the plurality of pressing pieces presses the inner wall at the distal end portion located on the distal end side of the proximal end portion. It is less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the tip side pressing surface.

  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the rock mass crushing method which concerns on this invention is the drilling formation process which forms a hole in a rock mass, the preparatory process which arrange | positions several press pieces in the circumferential direction inside a hole, A crushing step of expanding the plurality of pressing pieces to press the inner wall, and the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface that presses the inner wall at the proximal end portion of the plurality of pressing pieces is larger than the proximal end portion. It is characterized by being less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the front end side pressing surface that presses the inner wall at the front end portion located on the front end side.

  According to these present invention, by suppressing the total number of proximal-side pressing surfaces to the total number of distal-side pressing surfaces, it is possible to suppress the dispersion of the force that presses the inner wall of the drilling hole in the vicinity of the rock surface. And the pressing force acting on the vicinity of the surface of the rock can be strengthened. Therefore, the vicinity of the surface of the rock can be crushed more quickly, and then the deep portion is also crushed quickly, so that the efficiency of the crushing operation can be improved.

  Also, since it is difficult to know the anisotropy of the rock mass in advance especially in the deep part of the rock, it is desirable that the force acts in multiple directions in the deep part. In this regard, according to the present invention, since the total number of distal-side pressing surfaces is larger than the total number of proximal-side pressing surfaces, it is possible to apply a pressing force in multiple directions in the deep part of the rock mass, and the anisotropy of the rock mass Can reduce the effects of Furthermore, since cracks occur in multiple directions, the rock can be crushed finely at once. On the other hand, in the deep part of the bedrock, it is possible to crush with a relatively small load by taking advantage of the progress of crushing from the vicinity of the surface, so that it is difficult to cause a problem that the pressing force is dispersed.

  As described above, according to the present invention, priority is given to the enhancement of the pressing force in the vicinity of the surface of the rock, and in the deep part of the rock, priority is given to reducing the influence of anisotropy and finely crushing the rock. The efficiency of the crushing work can be improved.

  Here, it is preferable that the distal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall after the proximal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall according to the movement of the wedge member toward the distal end side.

  With this configuration, only the proximal-side pressing surface intensively presses the inner wall of the drilling hole at the initial stage of movement of the wedge member, so the vicinity of the rock surface is first crushed, and then the distal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall. Then, the deep part of the bedrock will be crushed. That is, since the crushing of the rock mass is advanced to some extent from the vicinity of the surface toward the deep part, the deep part is crushed, so that the deep part can be crushed even with a smaller pressing force. Therefore, the efficiency of the crushing work can be further improved.

  In addition, before the movement of the wedge member to the distal end side, the diameter of the smallest virtual circle that includes a plurality of distal-side pressing surfaces is larger than the diameter of the smallest virtual circle that includes a plurality of proximal-side pressing surfaces. Small is preferable.

  According to this configuration, when the diameter of the pressing piece is increased as the wedge member moves to the distal end side of the pressing piece, the proximal side pressing surface first comes into contact with the inner wall of the drilling hole to apply the pressing force, and then Further, the pressing surface on the front end side comes into contact with the inner wall of the drilling hole to exert a pressing force. That is, according to this configuration, it is possible to simply realize a structure for the distal-side pressing surface to press the inner wall after the proximal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall.

  In at least one of the plurality of pressing pieces, the proximal-side pressing surface is a proximal-side arc surface extending along the insertion direction of the wedge member, and the distal-side pressing surface is inserted from the proximal-side arc surface in the insertion direction. It is preferable that the tip side arc surface is a partial arc surface formed by dividing the tip side arc surface in the circumferential direction by providing at least one notch portion on the tip side arc surface extending along the tip side.

  According to this configuration, the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal end side pressing surface is larger than the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal side pressing surface by simple processing by simply forming a notch in the arc surface at the distal end portion of the pressing piece. Many configurations, in other words, a configuration in which the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface is smaller than the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal-side pressing surface can be realized.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one notch is formed in all of the plurality of pressing pieces, and the notch is formed in the same form in all the pressing pieces.

  As in this configuration, when a plurality of pressing pieces have the same form, i.e., when a notch is formed at the same position and with the same shape and dimensions, the tip side pressing surface is also the same form on all pressing pieces. Will be formed. Therefore, when the wedge member is moved to the tip side and the tip side pressing surface presses the inner wall of the hole, the load state in each pressing piece is the same, so the load is concentrated on a specific pressing piece. This makes it possible to extend the life of the pressing piece.

It is a figure which shows the use condition of the rock mass crushing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows a part of press piece. It is sectional drawing which shows progress of a crushing operation | work. It is a perspective view which shows a part of press piece which concerns on another embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a rock crushing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the rock mass crushing device 1 has two pressing pieces 2 arranged in the circumferential direction inside a drilling hole H formed in the rock mass R. These pressing pieces 2 have the same shape and the same size, and are arranged so that the tapered surfaces 2d that are one of the surfaces forming the pressing pieces 2 face each other. By arranging the pressing piece 2 in this way, the space sandwiched between the tapered surfaces 2d becomes a tapered shape that becomes thinner toward the tip end side of the pressing piece 2. A wedge member 3 having a tapered shape is inserted into the tapered space in the same manner as this space.

  The wedge member 3 is connected to a piston rod 5 that moves up and down in FIG. 1 by supplying and discharging oil to and from the hydraulic cylinder 4. When oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 4, the wedge member 3 moves together with the piston rod 5 to the tip side of the pressing piece 2 as shown by the broken line in FIG. A pressing force is applied to Ha. The rock crushing device 1 configured as described above is usually attached to the tip of an arm of a work vehicle (not shown) and used for crushing the rock R.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing only a portion of the pressing piece 2 that is accommodated in the hole H in FIG. The pressing piece 2 is manufactured from a rod-like member whose cross-sectional shape in a plane orthogonal to the direction in which the wedge member 3 is inserted is basically a semicircular shape. The surface of the pressing piece 2 that faces the inner wall Ha of the hole H is configured with an arc surface extending along the insertion direction of the wedge member 3 as a basic shape. Note that the arc surface here does not need to be strictly a part of a circle, and includes a case where the cross section is a part of an ellipse.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper part of the pressing piece 2 is about 1/3 as the base end 2A, and the remaining lower part of about 2/3 is the front end 2B. The range of 2A and the front-end | tip part 2B is not limited to this. Of the arcuate surfaces, the base end side arc surface included in the region of the base end portion 2A is directly configured as the base end side pressing surface 2a, and the distal end side arc surface included in the region of the tip end portion 2B is wedged. A notch portion 2c extending along the insertion direction of the member 3 is formed, and a partial arc surface divided in the circumferential direction by the notch portion 2c is configured as the distal end side pressing surface 2b. That is, there is only one proximal-side pressing surface 2a for one pressing piece 2, but there are two distal-side pressing surfaces 2b for one pressing piece 2 because the arc surface is divided by the notch 2c. Exists. In this case, the cut surface has a triangular shape by cutting from the midpoint of the boundary line between the base end portion 2A and the tip end portion 2B toward the tip end side and the radial inner side of the pressing piece 2. The part 2c was formed in the same form in both the notch parts 2. FIG.

Operation | movement of the rock mass crushing apparatus 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated based on FIG. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the AA cross section and the BB cross section in FIG. 1 in time series. Here, the AA cross section is positioned as a representative cross section of the base end portion 2A of the pressing piece 2, and the BB cross section is positioned as a representative cross section of the distal end portion 2B of the pressing piece 2. T = t ₀ is the time when the rock crushing device 1 is set in the hole H, and t = t ₁ is the time when the pressing piece 2 is expanded and the proximal-side pressing surface 2 a contacts the inner wall Ha of the hole H. T = t ₂ indicates a point in time when the diameter of the pressing piece ₂ is further expanded and the tip side pressing surface 2b is in contact with the inner wall Ha of the hole H.

At t = t _{0 when the} rock mass crushing device 1 is set to the drilling hole H, there is a slight gap between the pressing piece 2 and the inner wall Ha of the drilling hole H in both the proximal end 2A and the distal end 2B of the pressing piece 2. However, there are gaps. However, since the diameter Φb of the smallest virtual circle including all the distal end side pressing surfaces 2b is smaller than the diameter Φa of the smallest virtual circle including all the proximal end pressing surfaces 2a, the distal side pressing surface The gap between 2b and the inner wall Ha is larger than the gap between the proximal-side pressing surface 2a and the inner wall Ha. Therefore, as will be described later, when the diameter of the pressing piece 2 is increased by moving the wedge member 3 toward the distal end side of the pressing piece 2, first, the proximal-side pressing surface 2a comes into contact with the inner wall Ha to apply the pressing force. (Refer to the diagram of t = t ₁ ) Further, when the pressing piece 2 is further expanded in diameter, the distal-side pressing surface 2 b also comes into contact with the inner wall Ha to apply a pressing force (see the diagram of t = t ₂ ). ).

In t = t _1, the tip end side pressing surface 2b is not pressing the inner wall Ha of drilling H, only the base end side pressing surface 2a presses the inner wall Ha. At this time, since there are only two base end side pressing surfaces 2 a, one for each pressing piece 2, the pressing force that acts on the inner wall Ha is distributed without being distributed in multiple directions. It can be concentrated in the direction. As a result, the rock mass R is pulled in the left-right direction with a strong force, and can crack more reliably in the up-down direction perpendicular to the left-right direction. At this time point, the distal-side pressing surface 2b has not yet pressed the inner wall Ha, so that the pressing force by the pressing piece 2 is concentrated on the proximal-side pressing surface 2a. Therefore, the surface vicinity of the rock mass R can be quickly crushed.

In t = t _2, not only the base end side pressing surface 2a, the distal end side pressing surface 2b also to press the inner wall Ha of drilling H. Since there are a total of four tip-side pressing surfaces 2b, two for each pressing piece 2, it is possible to apply pressing forces in four directions. In this case, since the pressing force is distributed in four directions, the pressing force applied to the inner wall Ha by the tip side pressing surface 2b becomes small. Usually, if the vicinity of the surface of the rock mass R is crushed, it is multiplied by that. Since the crushing of the deep part of the bedrock R can be performed with a relatively small load, it is unlikely to be a problem. Rather, when the pressing force acts in four directions, even if the rock mass R has anisotropy, the influence can be reduced, and in the point that it can be crushed finely at the same time. Efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Unless it deviates from the meaning, it is possible to add a various change with respect to what was mentioned above, and you may comprise as follows.

  (1) In the above embodiment, the number of pressing pieces 2 is two, the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface 2a is two, and the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal-side pressing surface 2b is four. It is not limited to. For example, if the rock mass R to be crushed is not so hard, there is no problem even if the pressing force is slightly reduced, so the number of pressing pieces 2 can be increased, and the number of pressing pieces can be reduced. It is also possible to increase the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal end side pressing surface 2a and the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal end side pressing surface 2b.

  (2) In the above embodiment, the notch 2c is formed in the same form on both of the two pressing pieces 2, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is possible to provide a pressing piece 2 that does not form the notch 2c, and it is also possible to configure the number, position, shape, or size of the notch 2c formed in each pressing piece 2 to be different. .

  (3) In the above embodiment, one notch 2c is formed in the circumferential direction of each pressing piece 2 so that the shape of the cutting surface is triangular, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the cut surface 2 c may have a rectangular shape, or a groove-shaped cut 2 c extending along the insertion direction of the wedge member 3 can be formed. . It is also possible to provide a plurality of notches 2 c in the circumferential direction of each pressing piece 2.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a rock mass crushing apparatus and a rock mass crushing method for crushing a rock mass by pressing an inner wall of the borehole with respect to a rock mass in which a borehole is formed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bedrock crushing device 2 Pressing piece 2A Base end part 2B Tip end part 2a Base end side pressing face 2b Tip side pressing face 2c Notch part 3 Wedge member R Rock bed H Drilling hole Ha Inner wall

In order to achieve the above object, a rock crushing apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of rock crushing apparatuses arranged in a circumferential direction inside a drilling hole in a rock crushing apparatus that crushes the rock mass by pressing an inner wall of a drilling hole formed in the rock. The diameter of the plurality of pressing pieces is increased by moving to the front end side of the pressing piece while being inserted between the plurality of pressing pieces and the plurality of pressing pieces that press the inner wall. And a total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface that presses the inner wall at the proximal end portions of the plurality of pressing pieces presses the inner wall at the distal end portion located on the distal end side of the proximal end portion. rather less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal end side pressing surface, in accordance with the movement of the wedge member distally, and wherein the base end side pressing surface after pressing the inner wall, the distal end side pressing surface presses the inner wall To do.

Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the rock mass crushing method which concerns on this invention is the drilling formation process which forms a hole in a rock mass, the preparatory process which arrange | positions several press pieces in the circumferential direction inside a hole, A crushing step of expanding the plurality of pressing pieces to press the inner wall, and the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surface that presses the inner wall at the proximal end portion of the plurality of pressing pieces is larger than the proximal end portion. rather less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the distal end side pressing surface for pressing the inner wall at the tip portion located on the distal end side, in accordance with the movement of the wedge member distally, after the base end side pressing surface presses the inner wall, the tip The side pressing surface presses the inner wall .

Claims (6)

In the rock mass crushing device that crushes the rock mass by pressing the inner wall of the drilling hole formed in the rock mass,
A plurality of pressing pieces that press the inner wall by being expanded in diameter in a state of being arranged in the circumferential direction inside the drilling hole,
A wedge member that expands the diameter of the plurality of pressing pieces by moving to the tip side of the pressing piece while being inserted between the plurality of pressing pieces,
The distal-side pressing that presses the inner wall at the distal end located on the distal side relative to the proximal end is the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surfaces that press the inner wall at the proximal ends of the plurality of pressing pieces. A rock crusher characterized by being less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the surface.   The rock crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the distal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall after the proximal-side pressing surface presses the inner wall according to the movement of the wedge member toward the distal end side.   Prior to the movement of the wedge member toward the distal end side, the diameter of the smallest virtual circle including the plurality of distal-side pressing surfaces therein is the smallest virtual circle diameter including the plurality of proximal-side pressing surfaces therein. The rock mass crushing apparatus of Claim 2 smaller than this. In at least one of the plurality of pressing pieces,
The proximal-side pressing surface is a proximal-side arc surface extending along the insertion direction of the wedge member,
The distal-side pressing surface divides the distal-side arc surface in the circumferential direction by providing at least one notch in the distal-side arc surface extending from the proximal-side arc surface to the distal-end side along the insertion direction. The rock crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rock crushing apparatus is a partially arcuate surface.   The rock mass crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the at least one notch is formed in all of the plurality of pressing pieces, and the notch is formed in the same form in all the pressing pieces. Drilling process to form a hole in the rock,
A preparatory step of arranging a plurality of pressing pieces in the circumferential direction inside the drilling hole;
A crushing step of expanding the plurality of pressing pieces and pressing the inner wall,
The distal-side pressing that presses the inner wall at the distal end located on the distal side relative to the proximal end is the total number in the circumferential direction of the proximal-side pressing surfaces that press the inner wall at the proximal ends of the plurality of pressing pieces. A rock crushing method characterized by being less than the total number in the circumferential direction of the surface.

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