JP2013060106A - Switch machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost switch machine capable of efficiently utilizing drive force of a drive source.SOLUTION: The switch machine 1 is provided with: an operating lever 7; the drive source 3, which drives the operating lever 7; a speed reducing mechanism 13 having a plurality of stages of speed-reducing parts, which reduce the drive force of the drive source 3 and transmit the reduced force to the operating lever 7; and a torque transmitting device 15, which is disposed between the plurality of stages of the speed-reducing parts. The torque transmitting device 15 is a non-contact power transmitting mechanism utilizing an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field and increases torque to be transmitted as slipping rotation speed is increased.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tipping machine.

  The turning machine converts the tongrel between the normal position and the reverse position, and the operation rod and the lock rod, the drive motor that is the driving source thereof, the transmission mechanism that transmits the driving force to the operation rod, It has a lock piece for locking and unlocking the lock paddle.

  For example, if a foreign object gets caught between the Tongleil and the basic rail, the switch machine will be burned out when the drive motor is locked, or a transmission mechanism with an impact generated by a sudden stop. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is effective to incorporate a torque transmission device such as a hysteresis torque limiter inside the speed reduction mechanism that transmits the power of the drive motor. .

  The hysteresis type torque limiter includes a cylindrical housing whose inner peripheral surface is covered with a hysteresis material, and a rotor in which permanent magnets are arranged at equal intervals on the outer peripheral surface, and magnetizes the hysteresis material by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet. The power transmission mechanism is configured such that the rotor is rotated according to the rotation of the housing.

  As described in Patent Document 1, this hysteresis type torque limiter is provided with a predetermined torque transmission performance, so that it can be placed inside the speed reduction mechanism, and as a result, no braking means is required. In this way, we have realized a turning machine that can avoid breakage due to impact when disturbing the conversion operation.

  However, since the hysteresis type torque limiter requires an expensive hysteresis material, it has a problem in terms of cost, and there is still room for improvement in torque transmission performance as described below.

  Since the hysteresis type torque limiter is literally a mechanism that limits the torque output from the drive motor, it can transmit only a certain amount of torque regardless of the rotational speed. This is not preferable from the viewpoint of utilization efficiency of driving force.

  In addition, the hysteresis type torque limiter limits parameters such as the magnetic force of the permanent magnet so that the transfer torque is based on the minimum value of the supply voltage in preparation for fluctuations in the voltage supplied to the drive motor. Must be configured.

Generally, the supply voltage of an electric switch varies within a range of about ± 20 (%). Typical motors applied to point lock unit is an inductive motor, the induction motor, when it becomes the supply voltage during the rotation, for example, -20 and (%), the output torque is 0.8 ^2-fold, i.e. It decreases to 0.64 times. At this time, if the transmission torque of the hysteresis type torque limiter provided inside the speed reduction mechanism exceeds the output torque of the induction motor, the induction motor may be burned out by restraining the rotation shaft. Therefore, in order to avoid this, the hysteresis type torque limiter needs to limit the magnitude of the torque to be transmitted in design. Even from this point, it is difficult to say that the hysteresis type torque limiter is a torque transmission mechanism that can efficiently use the driving force of the driving motor.

JP 2010-36804 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost turning machine that can efficiently use the driving force of a driving source.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a turning machine according to the present invention includes an operation rod, a drive source that drives the operation rod, and a plurality of stages that reduce the driving force of the drive source and transmit it to the operation rod. A speed reduction mechanism having a speed reduction part and a torque transmission device arranged between the plurality of speed reduction parts.

  As a feature of the turning machine according to the present invention, the torque transmission device is a non-contact power transmission mechanism using an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field, and the torque to be transmitted increases as the slip rotation speed increases. . Here, the slip rotation speed means a difference (relative rotation speed) between the rotation speed on the output side and the rotation speed on the input side.

  According to the turning machine according to the present invention, since the torque transmission device is arranged between a plurality of speed reduction units, as in the prior art described above, by reducing the inertia, the impact when the conversion operation is disturbed Damage due to can be avoided.

  Since the torque transmission device according to the present invention is a non-contact power transmission mechanism using an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field, unlike a hysteresis type torque limiter, an expensive hysteresis material is used. I don't need it.

  In addition, since the switching machine according to the present invention generates a large torque by increasing the slip rotation speed, the rotation shaft provided in the drive source is constrained even when the supply voltage to the drive source is reduced. Nor. For this reason, it is not necessary to limit the torque transmission performance of the torque transmission device according to the minimum value of the output torque of the drive source as described above.

  Furthermore, since the torque transmitted by the switch according to the present invention increases as the sliding rotational speed increases, the magnitude of the transmitted torque is constant regardless of the rotational speed, unlike the hysteresis type torque limiter. Without being limited to the above, it is possible to efficiently use the driving force of the driving source. This brings about the following advantages, for example.

  The operation rod and the lock rod of the switch are connected to the Tongleil via a mechanical power transmission mechanism such as a rod or a crank. Since this mechanism is installed outdoors, the frictional force of the moving parts increases due to rust, pebbles, mud, etc. caused by rainwater, and as a result, the load of the switching operation of the tipping machine increases. Sometimes.

  Even under such harsh conditions, the turning machine according to the present invention is provided with a drive source having an appropriate output in advance so that the slip rotational speed is high, that is, the output shaft of the torque transmission device. A large conversion force can be exerted in a state where the rotation speed (rotational speed) is low, and a desirable conversion operation can be realized.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a low-cost turning machine that can efficiently use the driving force of the driving source.

It is a figure which shows the switch machine concerning this invention longitudinally. It is a figure which shows a torque transmission apparatus longitudinally. It is a figure which shows a torque transmission apparatus planarly. It is a figure which shows another example of a torque transmission device. It is a graph which shows the magnitude | size of the transmission torque with respect to slip rotation speed at the time of seeing a torque transmission device as a single unit. It is a graph which shows the magnitude | size of the transmission torque with respect to the rotation speed of the output side at the time of combining a torque transmission device with an induction motor.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the turning machine 1 according to the present embodiment has an induction motor 3. The induction motor 3 is a drive source and is attached to the case 5 of the turning machine 1. In the case 5, an operating rod 7, a lock rod 9, a lock piece 11, a speed reduction mechanism 13, a torque limiter 15 and the like are provided.

  The operation rod 7 is a generally rod-shaped member that moves a tongleil (not shown) between a normal position and an inverted position, and extends in the front and back direction of FIG. Similarly to the operation rod 7, the lock rod 9 is also a substantially rod-like member extending in the front and back direction of FIG. 1 and is connected to the vicinity of the tip of the tongrel and detects the position near the tip of the tongrel. The lock piece 11 engages / disengages from the notch provided in the lock pad 9 according to a predetermined condition, and locks / unlocks the lock pad 9. The operation rod 7, the lock rod 9, and the lock piece 11 can be configured in the same manner as the configuration provided in the existing turning machine.

  The speed reduction mechanism 13 decelerates the driving force of the induction motor 3 and transmits it to the operating rod 7. The speed reduction mechanism 13 has a plurality of speed reduction sections in a plurality of stages, in this example. The first-stage reduction part is composed of a first gear 21 and a second gear 22, the second-stage reduction part is comprised of a third gear 23 and a fourth gear 24, and the third-stage reduction part is The fifth gear 25 and the sixth gear 26 are configured. The first gear 21 and the second gear 22 are a small bevel gear and a large bevel gear, respectively. The fourth gear 24 and the fifth gear 25 are supported by the same shaft member so as to rotate integrally. On the other hand, the torque transmission device 15 is provided between the second gear 22 and the third gear 23, that is, the second gear 22 and the third gear 23 are supported by separate shaft members.

  Next, the configuration of the torque transmission device 15 will be described based on FIGS. 2 and 3. The torque transmission device 15 is a non-contact power transmission mechanism that uses an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field. 2 and 3 are views showing the torque transmission device 15 in a longitudinal section and a plan view, respectively. The torque transmission device 15 includes a substantially cylindrical housing 31 and a substantially columnar rotor 33 that is rotatably accommodated therein.

  The housing 31 is made of a magnetic material, and a second gear 22 that is a large bevel gear is provided on the outer periphery. An output shaft 37 passes through the upper portion of the housing 31, and a third gear 23 is provided at the upper portion of the output shaft 37. A rotor 33 is provided at a lower portion of the output shaft 37, that is, an inner portion of the housing 31.

  A cylindrical conductor 35 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 31 so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 33. The conductor 35 is made of a metal / alloy material having a low electric resistance, for example, a low electric resistor whose main component is Cu, Al or the like.

  On the other hand, the rotor 33 has a plurality of permanent magnets 332 arranged and fixed on the outer peripheral surface thereof at intervals in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnets 332 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor 33 so that the north and south poles are alternated. In the embodiment, the permanent magnet 332 has a rod shape extending along the axial direction of the rotor 33. Regarding the arrangement of the magnetic poles, it is assumed that in two adjacent permanent magnets 332 and 332, the south pole of one permanent magnet 332 appears on the inner side in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 33 and the north pole appears on the outer side of the opposite side. On the contrary, the other permanent magnet 332 appears on the inner side where the N pole is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 33, and the S pole appears on the outer side on the opposite side. The permanent magnet 332 is composed of a rare earth magnet having high magnetic performance, and as a suitable example, is composed of a samarium cobalt magnet.

  When the rotor 33 rotates, an eddy current is generated in a conductor provided on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 31 and facing the rotor 33 by a rotating magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet 332 attached to the outer peripheral surface and rotating integrally with the rotor 33. To do.

  This eddy current causes Lorentz force to act on the rotor 33. Considering two adjacent permanent magnets 332, the direction of the eddy current due to the north pole of one permanent magnet 332 and the direction of the eddy current due to the south pole of the other permanent magnet 332 are opposite to each other. The direction of the acting Lorentz force is also opposite, whereby a rotational force acts on the rotor 33. Therefore, when the housing 31 is rotated, the rotor 33 is also rotated around the axis A and torque is transmitted.

  The permanent magnet 332 provided on the rotor 33 and the conductor 35 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 31 are reversible with respect to their positions. That is, the conductor 35 may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 33 and the permanent magnet 332 may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 31. An example is shown in FIG.

  The performance of the torque transmission device 15 having such a configuration is shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. First, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the magnitude of the transmission torque with respect to the slip rotation speed when the torque transmission device 15 is viewed as a single unit. The solid line in the figure indicates the characteristics of the torque transmission device 15 provided in the turning machine according to the present invention, while the dotted line indicates the characteristics of the above-described hysteresis torque limiter.

  Further, the slip rotation speed means a difference between the rotation speed on the output side and the rotation speed on the input side (relative rotation speed). In this embodiment, the rotation speed of the rotor 33 is calculated from the rotation speed of the housing 31. Subtracted value. In other words, this is the difference between the rotational speeds of the second gear 22 and the third gear 23, and the same applies to the hysteresis type torque limiter.

  As clearly understood from FIG. 5, the hysteresis type torque limiter transmits a torque having a constant magnitude substantially irrespective of the slip rotation speed. This is because, as described above, the hysteresis type torque limiter uses the magnetization of the hysteresis material.

  On the other hand, the torque transmission device 15 provided in the turning machine according to the present invention has a feature that a larger torque is transmitted as the slip rotation speed increases. This is because the torque transmission device 15 uses an eddy current generated by the rotating magnetic field, and the Lorentz force increases as the rotating speed of the rotating magnetic field increases.

  FIG. 6 is based on the characteristics shown in FIG. 5, and the magnitude of the transmission torque with respect to the output side rotational speed when the torque transmission device is combined with the induction motor, that is, the rotational speed of the third gear 23. It is a graph which shows. The solid line in the figure indicates the characteristics of the torque transmission device 15, while the dotted line indicates the characteristics of the hysteresis type torque limiter. In addition, the alternate long and short dash line indicates a change in output torque with respect to the rotation speed of the induction motor 3 as a reference.

  As clearly understood from FIG. 6, the hysteresis type torque limiter cuts the output torque of the induction motor 3 and limits the magnitude of the torque to be transmitted to a constant value, as already described. Moreover, since the value is set based on the minimum value of the supply voltage of the induction motor 3, the value is very small in the region where the rotational speed is low as compared with the torque transmission device 15. Thus, the hysteresis torque limiter cannot efficiently use the driving force obtained from the induction motor 3.

  On the other hand, the torque transmission device 15 provided in the turning machine according to the present invention increases the torque to be transmitted as the rotational speed on the output side decreases. The torque transmission device 15 efficiently uses the driving force obtained from the induction motor 3 as can be seen by comparing with the output torque of the induction motor 3.

  According to the turning machine according to the present invention, the torque transmission device 15 is disposed between the plurality of stages of the speed reduction unit 13, and therefore, when the conversion operation is disturbed by reducing the inertia as in the above-described prior art. It is possible to avoid damage due to the impact.

  In the switch according to the present invention, the torque transmission device 15 is a non-contact power transmission mechanism that uses an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field. Therefore, unlike the hysteresis type torque limiter, an expensive hysteresis material is used. Is not required.

  In addition, since the turning machine according to the present invention generates a large torque by increasing the slip rotation speed, the rotation shaft of the drive source is restrained even when the supply voltage to the induction motor 3 is reduced. Nor. For this reason, it is not necessary to limit the torque transmission performance of the torque transmission device 15 according to the minimum value of the output torque of the induction motor 3 as described above.

  Furthermore, since the torque to be transmitted increases as the slip rotation speed increases, the tipping machine according to the present invention differs from the one provided with a hysteresis type torque limiter, so that the torque transmitted regardless of the rotation speed is large. The driving force of the induction motor 3 can be efficiently used without being limited to a certain length. This brings about the following advantages, for example.

  The operation rod 7 and the lock rod 9 of the turning machine are connected to the Tongrel via a mechanical power transmission mechanism such as a rod or a crank. Since this mechanism is installed outdoors, the frictional force of the moving parts increases due to rust, pebbles, mud, etc. caused by rainwater, and as a result, the load of the switching operation of the tipping machine increases. Sometimes.

  Even under such harsh conditions, the turning machine according to the present invention is provided with the induction motor 3 having an appropriate output in advance, so that the slip rotation speed is high, that is, the torque transmission device 15 A large conversion force is exhibited in a state where the rotation speed (rotational speed) of the output shaft 37 is low, and a desirable conversion operation can be realized.

  The torque transmission device 15 provided in the turning machine according to the present invention is not limited to the application of the turning machine, and can be applied to, for example, a driving mechanism for a crossing device of a railroad crossing device, and the same effect can be obtained. Needless to say.

  Although the contents of the present invention have been specifically described above with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can take various modifications based on the basic technical idea and teachings of the present invention. It is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Turning machine 3 Induction motor 13 Deceleration mechanism 15 Torque transmission device 31 Housing 33 Rotor 332 Permanent magnet 35 Conductor

Claims (4)

Operation 桿,
A drive source for driving the operating rod;
A speed reduction mechanism having a plurality of speed reduction units that reduce the driving force of the drive source and transmit the driving force to the operating rod;
A turning machine including a torque transmission device disposed between the plurality of speed reduction units,
The torque transmission device is a non-contact power transmission mechanism using an eddy current generated by a rotating magnetic field, and the torque to be transmitted increases as the slip rotation speed increases.
Tumbler. A tipping machine according to claim 1,
The torque transmission device includes a rotor and a housing that rotatably accommodates the rotor,
The rotor is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets that generate the rotating magnetic field on an outer peripheral surface,
In the housing, a conductor for generating the eddy current is provided on an inner peripheral surface.
Tumbler. A tipping machine according to claim 1,
The torque transmission device includes a rotor and a housing that rotatably accommodates the rotor,
The housing is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets that generate the rotating magnetic field on an inner peripheral surface,
The rotor is provided with a conductor for generating the eddy current on an outer peripheral surface,
Tumbler.   4. The turning machine according to claim 2, wherein the conductor is a low electrical resistance body.

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