JP2006296139A - Rotating machine using discoidal magnetic rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotating machine for preventing the problem wherein rotation cannot be made by the friction of both from occurring when narrowing the gap between a magnetic stator and a magnetic rotor to improve rotation performance, and to reduce magnetic resistance in a magnetic circuit. <P>SOLUTION: In the rotating machine, a discoidal magnetic stator 2 to which an electromagnet is fitted, and a discoidal magnetic rotor 1 to which a permanent magnet or a short-circuiting conductor is fitted are arranged concentrically, and magnetic resistance is reduced by narrowing the gap between both the disks. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention is directed to an electric motor that converts electric energy into kinetic energy and a generator that converts kinetic energy into electric energy, and relates to a rotating machine that uses a disk magnetic rotor.

  There are many types and types of electric motors, and they are used in a wide range of fields. Some motors can also be used as generators, such as DC motors. Electric motors and generators are handled as rotating machines, and in recent years it has become important to increase the energy conversion efficiency of rotating machines. This is from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment through energy savings. Conventionally, a rotating machine is mainly a combination of a cylindrical rotor and a cylindrical stator having a cylindrical space for mounting the cylindrical rotor. This is because the energy conversion efficiency is high to some extent and reliability is established. However, the gap between the cylindrical stator and the cylindrical rotor is determined in consideration of machining accuracy, thermal deformation of the cylindrical stator and the cylindrical rotor, and bearing wear. There is a limit to void reduction. For this reason, since the magnetic resistance regarding the cylindrical stator, the cylindrical rotor, and the gap between the cylindrical stator and the cylindrical rotor does not decrease, the rotational performance does not improve. Accordingly, it is a top priority to reduce the magnetic resistance by reducing the gap. For ease of explanation, referring to FIG. 5 showing a general electric motor 20, the electric motor 20 includes an N-pole permanent magnet 21, an S-pole permanent magnet 22, and a rotor 24, and the rotor 24 further includes a shaft 25. 3 is composed of three electromagnets 26 and a commutator 27. Although FIG. 5 shows a case where the rotor has three poles, since the number of poles is generally large, the rotor has a cylindrical shape, and the hollow portion of the stator combined with this rotor also has a cylindrical shape. It has become. Accordingly, although FIG. 5 is not cylindrical, the operation principle will be described assuming that it is cylindrical. In FIG. 5, when the magnetic pole 23-1 is designed to be an S pole, the magnetic pole 23-1 is an S pole permanent. Upon receiving a repulsive force from the magnet 22 and simultaneously receiving an attractive force from the N-pole permanent magnet 21, the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction. When the magnetic pole 23-2 passes through the N-pole permanent magnet 21 by this rotation and the magnetic pole 23-2 is magnetized to the N-pole, the magnetic pole 23-2 is repelled by the N-pole permanent magnet 21 and attracted by the S-pole permanent magnet 22. Continue to rotate clockwise with force. When the magnetic pole 23-2 obtains the rotational force, the magnetization state of the magnetic pole 23-1 is canceled. Such an operation is repeated to cancel the magnetization state of the magnetic pole 23-2. However, when the magnetic pole 23-2 passes through the S-pole permanent magnet 22, this time the magnet is magnetized to the S-pole and the above operation continues. Done.

Next, in FIG. 5, the gap between the magnetic pole 23 and the permanent magnets 21 and 22 needs to have a sufficient margin for shape expansion / contraction due to temperature change, wear of the bearing, machining accuracy, and the like. The gap between the magnets 21 and 22 cannot be made sufficiently small. Further, if foreign matter is mixed between the magnetic pole 23 and the permanent magnets 21 and 22, a serious failure may be caused. This increases the burden of maintenance such as bearing wear inspection and rotor and stator dimension confirmation.

Conventionally, it has been difficult to reduce the gap between the inner cylindrical stator and the cylindrical rotor. This is because the shape expansion and contraction of the rotor directly affects the stator, and as a result, there is a risk that the rotor contacts the stator. As an improvement measure, a disk type stator and a disk type rotor are used instead of the cylindrical type rotor and the cylindrical type stator. This is because even if there is expansion and contraction in the diameter direction of the disk of the disk type rotor, the disk type rotor does not come into contact with the disk type stator to inhibit rotation. Further, since the shape expansion and contraction in the thickness direction of the disk type rotor can be absorbed by the play of the shaft, the gap between the disk type stator and the disk type rotor can be made extremely small. As a result, the resistance of the magnetic circuit is lowered, the rotational performance is improved, and there is no danger that the rotor contacts the stator, which is advantageous in terms of safety.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-078308

The problem to be solved is that since the gap between the cylindrical rotor and the cylindrical stator cannot be made extremely small, the resistance of the magnetic circuit is not lowered, so that the rotational performance is not improved. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the invention is to reduce the gap between the rotor and the stator and to prevent the rotation performance from being affected by the shape expansion and contraction due to the temperature change of the stator and the rotor.

In order to solve the above problems, a rotating machine according to the present invention has a disk magnetic material stator and a disk magnetic material rotor that are concentrically opposed to each other. And the gap between them is extremely small. As a result, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit formed by the disk magnetic body stator and the disk magnetic body rotor is reduced, and it is avoided that the rotation becomes impossible due to the contact between the stator and the rotor.

The rotating machine of the present invention configured as described above can achieve high rotation performance at low power consumption due to low magnetic resistance. Furthermore, even if the shape of the stator and rotor due to temperature changes does not affect the rotating machine performance, high reliability can be obtained. Therefore, maintenance burdens such as bearing wear inspection and rotor and stator dimension confirmation are reduced.

By maintaining good parallelism of both disks so as not to hinder the rotation of the disk magnetic rotor even if the gap between the disk magnetic stator and the disk magnetic rotor is narrowed. is there. Under the condition that the rotational force of the disc magnetic rotor is sufficiently transmitted to the mounting shaft, a certain amount of play between the mounting shaft and the mounting shaft can alleviate the machining accuracy and bearing wear conditions. Preferred embodiment above. In order to reduce the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, the gap between the disk magnetic stator and the disk magnetic rotor must be narrowed. However, considering the rotational speed, the gap near the disk is If it is wider than the gap in the center, the magnetoresistance is lowered overall. Further, the permanent magnet and the short-circuit conductor are arranged so that the interaction between the plurality of permanent magnets or the short-circuit conductor incorporated in the disk magnetic rotor and the magnetic flux from the disk magnetic stator is maximized. is there.

Embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view showing a rotating machine using a disk magnetic rotor according to the present invention. A disk magnetic rotor mounted on a shaft 6, a disk magnet mounted with a plurality of electromagnets 3 and a magnetic body 4. It consists of a body stator 2 and a blanket 5. The bearings 7 and 8 are provided at the centers of the blanket 5 and the disc magnetic stator 2, respectively. The magnetic circuit 9 will now be described. The magnetic flux generated by the electromagnet 3 passes through the electromagnet magnetic pole 10, the disk magnetic rotor 1, the magnetic body 4, and the disk magnetic body stator 2, as indicated by the dotted dotted line. Return to. Increasing the magnetic flux that passes through the magnetic circuit 9 increases the rotational performance. In order to increase the magnetic flux, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit 9 may be lowered. For this purpose, it is effective to narrow the gap between the disc magnetic rotor 1, the electromagnet magnetic pole 10 and the magnetic body 4. Further, in order to keep the gap constant, a ball 11 can be inserted between the electromagnet magnetic pole 10 and the disc magnetic rotor 1. Further, in order to absorb the shape expansion and contraction in the thickness direction of the disk magnetic rotor 1 and the disk magnetic stator 2 due to temperature change, a play 12 is provided on the shaft 6.

Next, the operation principle will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are a sectional view taken along line II and a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, respectively. 1 and 2, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts and members. In FIG. 2 (a), three sets of electromagnets 3 of n ₁ −n ₁ , n ₂ −n ₂ , and n ₃ −n ₃ are mounted on the disk magnetic body stator 2 and are sequentially driven in units. The The magnetic pole 10 of the driven electromagnet 3 is magnetized to the north pole. On the other hand, the disk magnetic rotor 1 includes four permanent magnets 13 (N ₁ , N ₂ , S ₁ , and S ₂ , respectively, which also indicate the magnetization state). In the state of FIG. 2, when n ₂ −n ₂ is driven, both n ₂ are magnetized to the N pole, and thus N ₁ and N ₂ receive a repulsive force from the adjacent n ₂ . On the other hand, S ₁ and S ₂ receive an attractive force from the adjacent n _2, and the disk magnetic rotor 1 rotates in the direction from N ₁ to S ₁ . S _1, S ₂ is the driving of the _{n 2} over _{n 2} stops when it moves to the vicinity of _{n 2, S 1, S 2} Driving _{n 3} over _{n 3} is sucked into _{n 3} subsequently. Next, after stopping the driving of the n ₃ over n _3, disc magnetic rotor 1 by driving the n ₁ over n ₁ would be half rotation. By repeating this operation, the disk magnetic rotor 1 continues to rotate. Although the case where the permanent magnet 13 is incorporated in the disc magnetic rotor 1 has been described, a disc magnetic material in which a magnetic material such as ferrite is partially magnetized as shown in FIG. 2B can also be used. Supplementing the above description, the magnetic body 4 is used to shorten the distance of magnetic flux passage, but is not an indispensable member since adjacent electromagnets can be used as the magnetic flux path. However, there is an advantage that the magnetic resistance can be reduced by increasing the area related to the gap between the magnetic body 4 and the disk magnetic body rotor 1, so that whether or not the magnetic body 4 can be attached is determined depending on the application. In addition, as described above, it is difficult to narrow the gap between the stator and the rotor in the case of the conventional cylindrical type. Further, the foreign matter mixed in the gap receives the centrifugal force and receives the stator. It is difficult to drive out to the outside. On the other hand, in the disk type, since the centrifugal force to the foreign substance acts to drive the foreign substance out, the failure probability becomes low. When the rotating machine of FIG. 1 is used as an electric motor, an electromagnet can be used instead of the permanent magnet 13.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Since a disk stator and a disk rotor are used, the same reference numerals are used where they have the same purpose and function as in FIG. FIG. 3 is a view showing an induction motor using a disk magnetic rotor according to the present invention. The disk magnetic rotor mounted on the shaft 6, the disk magnet mounted with a plurality of electromagnets 3 and the magnetic body 4. It consists of a body stator 2 and a blanket 5. The bearings 7 and 8 are provided at the centers of the blanket 5 and the disc magnetic stator 2, respectively. In FIG. 3, the ball 12 and the play 12 are omitted, but their application is determined depending on the application. However, the rotating machine shown in FIG. 1 uses a permanent magnet and can be used as an electric motor and generator. However, since FIG. 3 is limited to use only as an electric motor, the structure and operation of the rotor are greatly different. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are respectively a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III and a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 4 (a) is the same as FIG. 2 (a), but three sets of electromagnets (n ₁ −n ₁ , n ₂ −n ₂ , n ₃ −n ₃ ) are driven by a three-phase AC power source, It acts on the short-circuit conductor embedded in the disc magnetic rotor 14. This principle is the same as that of a conventional induction motor. However, by changing the stator and rotor from a cylindrical type to a disk type, the gap between the stator and the rotor can be narrowed and the magnetic resistance can be lowered. . As a result, there are the advantages of improved rotation performance, reduced power consumption, and reduced maintenance work. When a three-phase AC power is supplied to the electromagnets (n ₁ −n ₁ , n ₂ −n ₂ , n ₃ −n ₃ ), a rotating magnetic field is generated, and the disc magnetic rotor 14 shown in FIG. As a result, an induced current is generated in the short-circuit conductor 15 embedded in the magnetic field. As a result, a rotational force is generated in the disk magnetic rotor 14 in the direction of the rotating magnetic field due to the interaction between the induced current and the rotating magnetic field. Since the rotational force becomes zero when the rotational speed of the disk magnetic rotor 14 becomes the same as the rotational magnetic field, the rotational force rotates slightly slower than the rotational magnetic field. As is clear from the above description and FIGS. 3 and 4, the magnetic flux density increases as the gap between the stator and the rotor becomes narrower, and the magnetic flux interlinking the short-circuit conductor embedded in the disk magnetic rotor 14 is increased. Increase. This shows that the same advantages as in FIG.

It is a figure which shows the rotary machine using the disk magnetic body rotor by the Example of this invention. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the rotary machine using the disk magnetic body rotor by other Example of this invention. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 3, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. It is a figure which shows the conventional electric motor.

Explanation of symbols

1 is a disk magnetic rotor 2 is a disk magnetic stator 3 is an electromagnet 4 is a magnetic body 5 is a blanket 6 is a shaft 7 and 8 is a bearing 9 is a magnetic circuit
10 is an electromagnetic pole
11 is a ball
12 is play
13 is a permanent magnet
14 is a disk magnetic rotor
15 is a short-circuit conductor
20 is a conventional electric motor
21 is an N pole permanent magnet
22 is S pole permanent magnet
23 (23-1, 23-2, 23-3) are electromagnetic poles
24 is a rotor
25 is the axis
26 is an electromagnet
27 is a commutator

Claims (3)

A disk magnetic stator and a disk are arranged by concentrically concentrating a disk magnetic stator and a disk magnetic rotor mounted with a plurality of electromagnets, and reducing the gap between the disks. A rotating machine using a disk magnetic rotor, wherein a magnetic circuit having a low magnetic resistance is formed between the magnetic rotor and the magnetic rotor. 2. A rotating machine using a disk magnetic rotor according to claim 1, comprising a disk magnetic rotor embedded with a plurality of short-circuit secondary windings and a disk magnetic stator. A plurality of pairs of permanent magnets are arranged so that the polarities are alternately reversed along the outer periphery of the disk magnetic rotor so that the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet acts on the opposing disk magnetic stator. A rotating machine using the disc magnetic rotor according to claim 1.

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