JP2013057484A - Falling film type heat exchanger, absorption refrigeration system, ship, offshore structure and underwater structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a falling film type heat exchanger that substantially uniformly distributes liquid such as a refrigerant or an absorption liquid and drops the liquid on apexes of heat exchanger tubes in the falling film type heat exchanger, can make the liquid dropped from the heat exchanger tubes located in an upper row surely fall on surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes located in a lower row, and can avoid the lowering of heat exchanging performance even if being mounted to a ship, an offshore structure, an underwater structure or the like and applied with the inclination and the oscillation of the ship or the like, and to provide an absorption refrigeration system, the ship, the offshore structure, the underwater structure.SOLUTION: In the falling film type heat exchanger 20, a liquid distribution device 10 which distributes the liquid D on the external surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes 21 which are distributed in a wide area is constituted of: a distribution tank 11; a plurality of discharge devices 12 which discharge the liquid D from the distribution tank 11; and a first distribution passage 13 which receives the liquid D from the discharge devices 12. The liquid D is introduced into a region assigned by the first distribution passage 13, and the liquid D is dropped to the heat transfer pipes 21.

Description

  The present invention relates to a falling film heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system that can be used in an oscillating ship, an offshore structure, a water column apparatus, etc., and a ship, an offshore structure, and an underwater structure equipped with the same. It is.

  Among technologies widely used for cooling chilled water for cooling, etc., there are a falling liquid film type heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration system using this heat exchanger. This falling liquid film type heat exchanger forms a tube group by arranging a number of heat transfer tubes through which the first fluid (liquid or gas) flows not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. A second fluid (liquid) is dropped on the surface by dropping or spraying to cover the outer surface of the heat transfer tube with the second fluid, and heat is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid. The second fluid covering the outer surface of the heat transfer tubes is caused to flow down to the heat transfer tubes arranged in a row below the heat transfer tubes, and heat is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid in the heat transfer tubes in the rows, It is a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid in the lower row of heat transfer tubes.

  In this falling liquid film type heat exchanger, the amount of heat exchange can be dramatically increased when the heat of vaporization of the second fluid is used, so that heat can be exchanged efficiently. For this reason, it is widely used in evaporators, absorbers, regenerators, etc. of absorption refrigeration systems.

  Further, the absorption refrigeration system uses the second fluid as a refrigerant in the evaporator, causes the refrigerant to flow down to the outer surface of the heat transfer tube in the sealed container, and exchanges heat with the first fluid in the heat transfer tube in the process of flowing down, A refrigerant gas is generated, and the gas is absorbed by an absorption liquid in an absorber communicating with the hermetic container to promote vaporization of the refrigerant (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In order to promote the vaporization of the refrigerant, it is important to uniformly distribute the refrigerant forming the falling liquid film over the entire length of each heat transfer tube and to reliably distribute the refrigerant on the heat transfer tube group.

  For this reason, it is necessary to devise a way to distribute and drip refrigerant and absorption liquid as evenly as possible with respect to the heat transfer tubes in the uppermost row. When using a heat tube, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid dropped from the heat transfer tube located above drops to the heat transfer tube located below, and the configuration of the liquid distributor is important. As this liquid distribution device, for example, a dripping device which is made of a single plate and can be used as a dripping device for an absorption refrigerator has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In addition, in order to prevent the dried portion of the refrigerant liquid flowing down the heat transfer tube surface from expanding and improve the heat transfer performance, the heat transfer tubes are arranged between adjacent upper and lower heat transfer tubes at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. There has been proposed an evaporator of an absorption refrigerating machine in which a spacer is provided along the longitudinal direction and a refrigerant liquid is pooled in the vicinity of the joint between the spacer and the lower heat transfer tube (for example, Patent Literature 3).

  However, in this falling liquid film heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration system using this heat exchanger, the refrigerant and the absorption liquid are evenly distributed to the uppermost heat transfer tubes and are not dripped, or positioned above If the liquid dropped from the heat transfer tube surely falls to the surface of the heat transfer tube located below and does not cover the entire surface with a liquid film, the performance will be significantly reduced, so tilting or swinging from the horizontal plane is almost allowed. There is a drawback that you can not. This disadvantage increases when the falling liquid film heat exchanger is tilted. Therefore, the falling liquid film heat exchanger and this heat can be used for ships, offshore structures, underwater structures, etc. There is a problem that an absorption refrigeration system using an exchanger cannot be installed.

  In other words, regarding the inclination of the falling liquid film heat exchanger, there are a through-through problem, a non-flowing area expansion problem, and a liquid film reduction problem. The passing-through problem is a problem that the second fluid passes between the heat transfer tubes in the next lower row and flows down to the heat transfer tubes in the lower row.

  As shown in FIG. 13, a structure in which the heat transfer tubes 21 of the falling liquid film type heat exchanger are arranged in a staggered manner and the falling liquid film type heat exchanger is not inclined in the cross section of the heat transfer tube 21. Then, although the 2nd fluid D is dripped aiming at the centerline (tube axis) of the heat exchanger tube 21 of the uppermost row, the 2nd fluid D dripped does not touch the heat exchanger tube 21 of the even number of rows from the top. There is a possibility of passing through.

  In the case of water, 20 drops are said to be about 1 cc, and since the diameter of the natural drop of the second fluid D is only about 2 mm, this problem can be avoided if the lateral distance S of the heat transfer tubes 21 is not less than 2 mm. Can not. However, considering the processing and strength of the tube sheet (tube wall), it is difficult to make it 2 mm or less.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14, if the staggered arrangement is not used, this through problem does not occur unless an inclination of about 20 degrees occurs, but the inclination angle exceeds an inclination of about 20 degrees as shown in FIG. Once generated, the problem of passing through occurs as in the case of the staggered arrangement, and the heat transfer area may be reduced by 50% only by this passing through.

  Further, the non-flowing region expansion problem is a problem that a region of the heat transfer tube 21 where the second fluid D does not flow down, that is, a non-flowing region occurs with the lateral inclination of the apparatus. As shown in FIG. 16, a heat transfer tube 21 (a heat transfer tube with hatching) is generated in which the second fluid D does not flow down when it is largely inclined. As shown in FIG. 16, when the staggered arrangement is not used, this phenomenon does not occur until the inclination of the apparatus reaches about 20 degrees, but once it occurs, the heat transfer area decreases as shown in FIG. In the case of FIG. 16, about 50% of the entire area is the non-flowing region. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 17, in the case of the staggered arrangement, even a slight inclination affects about 20% of the heat transfer area in the case of FIG. 17, but even if the inclination angle increases. As long as the temperature does not reach about 40 degrees, there is no further influence. 16 and 17 show a case where the number of heat transfer tubes in the heat transfer tube group is the same as the number of heat transfer tubes, but when the number of heat transfer tubes is larger than the number of heat transfer tubes, this non-downflow area expansion is shown. The problem will be more noticeable.

  The liquid film reduction problem is a problem that the entire surface of the heat transfer tube 21 is not covered by the liquid film but only a part of the surface is covered. As shown in FIG. 18, if each heat transfer tube 21 is dropped on the vertical line (directly above), the liquid film Ds can be formed on the left and right sides of the heat transfer tube 21, but as shown in FIG. Only on one side. In the case shown in FIG. 19, the liquid film Ds decreases to about 35%, and the liquid film Ds disappears in about 65% of the whole. In particular, when the heat transfer tube 12 is squeezed, the liquid film Ds decreases to about 25% of the whole, and the liquid film Ds disappears in about 75% of the whole. In particular, in the case of the staggered arrangement, this problem occurs even if the inclination is not large.

  Therefore, if the inclination of the apparatus is within about 20 degrees, and if the interval between the heat transfer tubes 21 has a certain distance, it is easier to avoid the problem of passing through and the problem of expansion of the non-flowing area if the arrangement is not staggered. I can say that. However, in the case where the staggered arrangement is not used, it is considered that if there is a certain degree of inclination due to the liquid film reduction problem, only an ability of about 35% can be exhibited when the inclination is about 50% or less and about 20 degrees.

  On the other hand, in the case of the staggered arrangement, it is important that the horizontal interval of the heat transfer tubes is about 2 mm or less so that there is no problem of passing through even layers even when there is no large inclination. Even if the heat transfer area is reduced due to the non-flowing area expansion problem and the heat transfer area is reduced due to the liquid film reduction problem, even if the number of upper and lower and horizontal lines between the heat transfer tubes is the same, about 30% If the number of upper and lower lines is larger than the number of horizontal lines, it is considered that only a lower capacity can be exhibited.

Special table 98-41798 gazette JP 2005-207620 A JP-A-11-108501

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation, and the object thereof is a case where the ship is mounted on a ship, an offshore structure, an underwater structure or the like, and the ship is inclined or rocked. However, in the falling film heat exchanger, liquid such as refrigerant and absorption liquid is distributed almost evenly and dropped onto the top of the heat transfer tube to ensure that the liquid dropped from the heat transfer tube located in the upper row A falling liquid film heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system, and a ship, an offshore structure, an underwater structure that can be dropped on the surface of a heat transfer tube located in the lower row and avoid a decrease in heat exchange performance Is to provide.

  That is, it is to provide a falling film type heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration system that can be installed in a ship, an offshore structure, an underwater structure, etc., and a ship, an offshore structure, and an underwater structure equipped with these.

  A further purpose is to provide a falling film heat exchanger and absorption refrigeration system that do not increase in size or increase the number of high-function parts that require maintenance compared to those for ordinary land-based installation. It is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, a falling liquid film heat exchanger according to the present invention is a falling liquid film heat exchanger that distributes liquid to the outer surface of heat transfer tubes distributed over a wide area as viewed from above. A distribution tank for receiving and temporarily storing the liquid; a plurality of discharge devices for discharging the liquid from the distribution tank; and a first distribution flow for receiving the liquid discharged from the discharge apparatus. A path is provided, and the liquid is guided to a region that the first distribution flow path takes, and the liquid is dropped onto a heat transfer tube. According to this configuration, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the liquid can be evenly distributed and dropped onto the heat transfer tube by the liquid distribution device having the above configuration.

  In the above falling film heat exchanger, at least a main portion of the first distribution flow channel is seen in the longitudinal direction when viewed from above the area where the heat transfer tubes are distributed, or in the case of a square area, one side of the square And a section in which the longitudinal direction of the distribution area or the direction of one side of the square is divided into a plurality of areas is used as the region that the first distribution flow path takes. According to this configuration, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the liquid can be evenly distributed over a wider area and dropped onto the heat transfer tube by the liquid distributor having the above-described configuration.

  In the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the tray that receives the liquid discharged from the end of the first distribution flow path, or the main portion of the first distribution flow path when viewed from above The second distribution flow path is configured to intersect, and a distribution hole is provided in the tray or the second distribution flow path, and the liquid is distributed from the distribution hole in an area that the first distribution flow path takes. The liquid is dropped onto the heat transfer tube. With this configuration, the liquid can be distributed over a wider horizontal plane.

  Further, in the above-described falling liquid film heat exchanger, the first distribution flow path is formed with a downward gradient of 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less where the tip side is downward. With this configuration, the liquid can continue to be supplied to the heat transfer tube even when inclined 45 degrees in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube. As a result, it can be mounted on ships, offshore structures, underwater structures and the like.

  Further, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the distribution tank is disposed near the center in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube. According to this configuration, when the downward gradient is provided in the first distribution channel and the second distribution channel, the length of the downward gradient can be minimized, so that the height of the entire apparatus can be reduced.

Moreover, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger described above, the first distribution flow path serves as a section in which the distribution area is divided into a plurality of sections in the short direction of the distribution area or in the case of a square area. Configured as follows. With this configuration, the liquid can be distributed over a wide horizontal plane.
Further, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the discharge device is formed of a stub pipe having the same shape. According to this configuration, since the fluid resistance at the time of discharging is the same, the amount of liquid discharged from the outlet of each stub pipe can be easily made uniform.

  Further, in the falling liquid film type heat exchanger described above, in the falling liquid film type heat exchanger provided with the heat transfer tubes arranged substantially horizontally, a plurality of the heat transfer tubes are arranged in a row having an interval in the vertical direction. A lowermost portion of the recess between the row of the heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction and the row of the heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction below the top portion of the lower heat transfer tubes. The guide plate having the recess is disposed so that a drop hole is provided in the lowest part of the recess of the guide plate to allow the liquid droplet to flow down to the top of the heat transfer tube. Even when it is inclined within a predetermined angle range set in advance in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis of the heat tube, the liquid flowing down the outer surface of each heat transfer tube on the upper side is transferred to each heat transfer tube on the upper side. To the lower heat transfer tube corresponding to one-to-one correspondence Configured to Waru. According to this configuration, the liquid can be surely dropped onto the top of the heat transfer tubes in the next row below.

  And the absorption refrigeration system of this invention for achieving said objective is comprised using said falling liquid film type heat exchanger. According to this configuration, the same effects as those of the falling liquid film heat exchanger can be obtained.

  Moreover, the ship of this invention for achieving said objective mounts said falling film type heat exchanger or said absorption refrigeration system, and is comprised. Moreover, according to this structure, there can exist an effect similar to said falling film type heat exchanger and absorption refrigeration system. Further, the falling liquid film heat exchanger or the absorption refrigeration system described above is arranged such that the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube distribution area or the direction of one side of the square in the case of a square area coincides with the ship length direction. If installed, the effects of lateral tilt (heel) and roll (roll) can be reduced.

  Moreover, the offshore structure and the underwater structure of the present invention for achieving the above object are configured by mounting the falling liquid film heat exchanger or the absorption refrigeration system. In addition, when these offshore structures and underwater structures are substantially ship-shaped, the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube distribution area, or in the case of a square area, the direction of one side of the square matches the ship length direction. It is preferable to mount them. According to this structure, there can exist an effect similar to said falling film type heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system, and a ship.

  Ships refer to structures that travel on the ocean with propulsion means, and offshore structures refer to offshore structures that do not have propulsion means. The underwater structure refers to a structure that can be submerged underwater such as an underwater vehicle, a submarine, an underwater base, or a structure that is used underwater.

  As described above, according to the falling liquid film heat exchanger, the absorption refrigeration system of the present invention, the ship, the offshore structure, and the underwater structure, these ships and the like were inclined and oscillated. Even in this case, in the falling liquid film type heat exchanger, the liquid distribution device distributes the liquid such as the refrigerant and the absorption liquid evenly and drops them on the top of the heat transfer tubes, and the heat transfer tubes located in the upper row The liquid dripped from can be reliably dropped onto the surface of the heat transfer tube located in the lower row, and a decrease in heat exchange performance can be avoided.

It is a perspective view showing typically composition of a liquid distribution device of a falling film type heat exchanger of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the liquid distribution apparatus of the falling film type heat exchanger of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the heat exchanger tube group of the falling film type heat exchanger of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the evaporator (left half) and absorber (right half) of the absorption refrigeration system of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the heat exchanger tube and guide plate in the case of not having a staggered arrangement. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the heat exchanger tube in the case of staggered arrangement | positioning, and a guide plate. It is an enlarged view of the recessed part of the guide plate of FIG. It is a top view which shows the board | plate material in the middle of manufacture of a guide plate. It is a perspective view which shows a mode that the board | plate material of the guide plate of FIG. 8 was bent. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the processus | protrusion of the guide plate of FIG. 9, and a heat exchanger tube, and is a figure which shows the case where it is not inclined. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the protrusion of the guide plate of FIG. 10, and a heat exchanger tube, and is a figure which shows the case where it inclines. It is a perspective view which shows the relationship between a heat exchanger tube and a guide plate at the time of forming a guide plate by grating. It is a figure for demonstrating the passage problem with respect to the heat exchanger tube group of a staggered arrangement | positioning in a falling liquid film type heat exchanger. It is a figure for demonstrating the passage problem with respect to the heat exchanger tube group which is not staggered arrangement | positioning in a falling liquid film type heat exchanger, and is a figure in the case of no inclination. It is a figure for demonstrating the passage problem with respect to the heat-transfer tube group of a staggered arrangement in a falling film type heat exchanger, and is a figure in the case of inclination. It is a figure for demonstrating the non-falling area expansion problem with respect to the heat exchanger tube group which is not staggered arrangement in a flowing-down liquid film type heat exchanger, and is a figure in case there exists an inclination. It is a figure for demonstrating the non-falling area expansion problem with respect to the heat transfer tube group of a staggered arrangement in a falling liquid film type heat exchanger, and is a figure in case there exists an inclination. It is a figure for demonstrating the liquid film reduction | decrease problem with respect to the heat exchanger tube in a falling liquid film type heat exchanger, and is a figure at the time of dripping at the top. It is a figure for demonstrating the liquid film reduction | decrease problem with respect to the heat exchanger tube in a flowing-down liquid film type heat exchanger, and is a figure at the time of dripping at the part remove | deviated from the top.

  Hereinafter, a falling film type heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system, a ship, an offshore structure, and an underwater structure according to embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the description of this embodiment, it will be described as a falling liquid film heat exchanger that can be mounted on a ship, an offshore structure, and an underwater structure (hereinafter referred to as a ship or the like), and an absorption refrigeration system. It is not necessary to limit to a falling liquid film heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration system mounted on a ship, etc., and is a falling liquid film heat exchanger and an absorption refrigeration system installed on other onshore equipment. Also good.

  The absorption refrigeration system according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured to use the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20 of the embodiment according to the present invention described below, and the embodiment according to the present invention. Ships, offshore structures and underwater structures using the falling film heat exchanger 20 of the embodiment according to the present invention described below or the absorption refrigerator of the embodiment according to the present invention Configured as In the absorption refrigeration system of this embodiment, an absorption chiller using lithium bromide as an absorbing liquid and water as a refrigerant will be described as an example.

  The falling film heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention can be mounted on a ship or the like so that the heat transfer tube swings in a direction perpendicular to the tube axis. , A falling film type heat exchanger that can withstand liquids, and, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, distributes liquid D to the outer surface of heat transfer tubes 21 distributed over a wide area when viewed from above. 10 is comprised.

  When this falling film heat exchanger is mounted on a ship, etc., generally the pitching (pitch where the front and rear of the ship moves up and down) is more lateral (the roll where the left and right side of the ship moves up and down). Therefore, the axial direction of the heat transfer tube 21 is arranged in the ship length direction (front-rear direction) of a ship or the like. That is, it arrange | positions so that the pipe shaft periphery of the heat exchanger tube 21 may correspond with the roll of a ship, an offshore structure, and an underwater structure.

  The liquid distribution apparatus 10 includes a distribution tank 11, a discharge device 12, a first distribution flow path 13, and second distribution flow paths 14A and 14B. The distribution tank 11 receives the liquid D supplied to the surface of the heat transfer tube 21 and temporarily stores it. Moreover, the discharge device 12 is for discharging the liquid D from the distribution tank 11 uniformly, and is formed so as to have the same fluid resistance, and a plurality of the discharge devices 12 are provided. The liquid D flowing therein is exposed to the environmental pressure in the heat exchanger at the outlet of the discharge device 12. The first distribution channel 13 receives the liquid D discharged from the discharge device 12, and discharges the liquid D from the end portion to the second distribution channels 14A and 14B. At least a main portion of the first distribution flow path 13 is arranged in the longitudinal direction as viewed from above where the heat transfer tubes 21 are distributed, or in the case of a square area, in the direction of one side of the square. A section divided into several directions is defined as a region that the first distribution flow path 13 handles. In addition, in the case of a short area of the distribution area or a square area, the first distribution flow path 13 may have a section divided into a plurality of directions on the other side. Note that the tip of the first distribution channel 13 may be bent, for example, in an L shape so as to flow from the first distribution channel 13 to the second distribution channels 14A and 14B without overflowing.

  The second distribution channels 14A and 14B receive the liquid D from the first distribution channel 13, and the trays in the area Ai where the second distribution channels 14A and 14B receive the liquid D from a number of distribution holes 14a provided at the bottom thereof. 15 is configured to lead to 15. The first distribution flow path 13 and the second distribution flow paths 14A and 14B are formed in a long shape having a concave shape in the cross section with the top opened.

  The second distribution flow paths 14A and 14B are provided for the tray 15 that receives the liquid D discharged from the end of the first distribution flow path 13 or the main portion of the first distribution flow path 13 when viewed from above. Are provided so as to intersect with each other (in this embodiment, so as to be orthogonal). Further, a distribution hole 14b is provided in the tray 15 or the second distribution flow path 14A, 14B, and the liquid D is distributed from the distribution hole 14b within an area that the first distribution flow path 13 is responsible for, and the liquid D is transferred to the heat transfer tube 21. Dripping.

  For example, the first distribution channel 13 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube 12 and the second distribution channels 14A and 14B are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube 21. . That is, the first distribution flow path 13 is arranged in the front-rear direction of the ship or the like, and the second distribution flow paths 14A and 14B are arranged in the left-right direction of the ship or the like. Further, the first distribution channel 13 is formed with a downward gradient of 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less with the tip side being downward. Further, the second distribution channels 14A and 14B may also be formed with a downward gradient with the tip side downward.

  When the falling liquid film heat exchanger is mounted on a ship or the like, the falling liquid film heat exchanger is installed with the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube aligned with the longitudinal direction of the hull. In this case, if the first distribution flow path 13 is installed in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube 21, the gradient may correspond only to the longitudinal movement of the hull. For example, to accommodate a total of 5 degrees of front and back tilt of 2 degrees hull trim (front and back static tilt) and 3 degrees pitching (back and forth dynamic rotational movement), a larger angle, eg A downward gradient of about 8 degrees is provided in the flow path. As a result, the necessary downward gradient can always be ensured. If the channel is made up of a channel-type dredger, the channel wall should be high enough to prevent liquid D from spilling even with a hull roll of about 20 degrees (dynamic rotation in the horizontal direction). It is necessary to keep.

  By providing a downward slope in the first distribution flow path 13 and making the downward slope larger than the inclination angle of the sum of the hull trim and pitching (pitch) of a ship or the like during operation of the falling film heat exchanger, Even when a ship or the like shakes (pitch), the liquid D flowing through the first distribution channel 13 can be discharged to the second distribution channels 14A and 14B without backflow.

  Further, the distribution tank 11 is arranged near the center of the heat transfer tube 21 in the longitudinal direction. With this configuration, the height required for the downward gradient of the first distribution channel 13 can be reduced.

  Moreover, the discharge device 12 is formed of a stub pipe having the same shape. The structure of the discharge portion from the distribution tank 11 may be a simple opening hole, but by providing each discharge device 12 with a certain amount of discharge resistance, the distribution tank 11 always has a higher liquid level position than any discharge device 12. It is preferable to keep the discharge resistance of each discharge device 12 to some extent so that each discharge device 12 has the same discharge resistance so that the same amount of liquid D is discharged from each discharge device 12. Therefore, it is preferable to form the discharge device 12 with a stub pipe having a diameter and a length equal to each other.

  In addition, when the liquid distributor 10 and the falling liquid film heat exchanger equipped with this tilt, the fluid pressure applied to each discharge device 12 at the time of tilting varies, and the discharge amount from each discharge device 12 is reduced. In order to prevent variation, the heights of the discharge devices 12 are made the same, and the horizontal distance between the discharge devices 12 is made as small as possible.

  Further, when the discharge device 12 is formed of a stub pipe, the difference in flow resistance due to the difference in the length of the subsequent first distribution flow path 13 and the second distribution flow paths 14A, 14B, etc. In order not to affect the amount of the liquid D discharged from the pipe, the liquid D discharged from the stub pipe is not supplied to the first distribution flow path 13 without being a closed flow path communicating with the stub pipe. It is preferred to release to ambient pressure in the heat exchanger before entering.

  Each of the first distribution channels 13 is responsible for a region Ai whose longitudinal direction is divided into several sections, for example, a region (area) A1 near the front end of the heat transfer tube and an area A2 slightly behind. Configure as follows.

  In the case where the heat transfer tubes 21 are widely distributed also in the transverse direction of the hull, the assigned section Aij is divided also in the transverse direction, and, for example, in the first distribution channel 13 that extends the longest to the left in FIG. The first distribution passage 13 in front of the heat transfer tube 21 is responsible for the right half near the front end of the heat transfer tube 21, and the adjacent first distribution flow path 13 on the back side is responsible for the left half near the front end of the heat transfer tube 21. In this case, a partition plate 14b that separates the left half and the right half is provided in the second distribution flow paths 14A and 14B that are horizontal ribs that receive the liquid D from the first distribution flow path 13 and distribute it in the horizontal direction. The first distribution channel 13 allows the liquid D to flow only into the right and left sections of the second distribution passages 14A and 14B, respectively.

  3 and 4 are diagrams showing the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes 21 in the falling film heat exchanger 20, and the heat transfer tubes 21 are arranged below the tray 15 of the liquid distribution device 10, and the liquid distribution device The longitudinal direction of the first distribution flow path 13 of the second distribution flow paths 14A, 14B10 and the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube 21 are parallel, and the longitudinal direction of the second distribution flow path 14A, 14B10 is configured to be the left-right direction of the heat transfer tube 21. The

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20, the heat transfer tubes 21 are held by tube sheets (tube plates) 23 and 24 and are arranged in parallel with each other in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Further, a guide plate 22A (or 22B) is disposed between the heat transfer tubes 21 in the upper row and the heat transfer tubes 21 in the lower row in the vertical direction of the heat transfer tubes 21.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bottom of the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20 collects the liquid D, but is a diagram for preventing the liquid level from being disturbed so that sloshing does not occur. 3 is provided. Further, it is desirable that the bottom portion 26 is provided with an inclination greater than an assumed inclination angle so that the liquid D can be recovered without running out of liquid even under rocking, and a discharge port (not shown) is provided at the lowermost portion. As the inclination angle, the sum of front and rear inclination (trim) and front and rear shaking (pitch) is considered in FIG. 3, and the sum of side inclination (heel) and side shaking (roll) is considered in FIG.

  For example, in the absorption refrigerator 30, as shown in FIG. 4, a falling liquid film heat exchanger 20A functioning as an evaporator and a falling liquid film heat exchanger 20B functioning as an absorber are integrated. In order to avoid mixing two different liquids Da and Db in the bottom portions 26A and 26B in that case, each liquid reservoir 27A and 27B is provided with a wave return 28. It is desirable to provide a refrigerant / absorbing liquid separating louver 29 at the upper boundary between the evaporator and the absorber.

  Next, referring to FIG. 3 to FIG. 11, guide plates 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B disposed between the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 21, which is one of the features of the present invention, and the guide plates 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B The relationship of the heat transfer tube 21 will be described.

  Regarding this heat transfer tube 21, it is important from the viewpoint of improving heat exchange efficiency that an equal amount of liquid D flows down to any heat transfer tube 21, and one heat transfer tube in the upper row. Dropping from the heat tubes 21 to the two heat transfer tubes 21 in the lower row, or conversely, the liquid D from the two heat transfer tubes 21 in the upper row gathers in one heat transfer tube 21 in the lower row. It is necessary to avoid this.

  For this purpose, the liquid D flows down so that it is always dropped onto the same heat transfer tube 21 even if it is laterally inclined (heel) and swayed (rolled), such as a ship equipped with a falling liquid film heat exchanger. It is important to configure the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 21 to be in a one-to-one correspondence. This can be realized by arranging guide plates 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B having moderate permeability to the liquid D as described below between the upper and lower rows of the heat transfer tubes 21.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat transfer tubes 21 are arranged substantially horizontally, form a single row in the same horizontal plane, and are configured by overlapping the rows of the heat transfer tubes 21 in the horizontal plane in the vertical direction. And as shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, the some heat exchanger tube 21 is arrange | positioned in the row | line | column which has a space | interval in the up-down direction, and the row | line | column of the heat exchanger tube 21 located in a line with the horizontal direction is located in the horizontal direction under it. Guide plates 22A having recesses 22a so that the lowest part of the recesses (valleys) 22a is disposed between the rows of the heat transfer tubes 21 in the vicinity of the top portion of each lower heat transfer tube 21; 22B is arranged. 5 shows a case where the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes 21 is not staggered, and FIG. 6 shows a case where the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes 21 is a staggered arrangement.

  Furthermore, a flow-down hole 22b is provided in the lowermost part of the recess 22a of the guide plates 22A and 22B for flowing the liquid droplets on the top of the heat transfer tube 21, and is set in advance in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis of the heat transfer tube 21. The liquid D flowing down the surface of each upper heat transfer tube 21 even when the inclination angle β within the predetermined angle range βa is inclined (lateral inclination (heel) + roll (roll)), The heat transfer tubes are configured to be transmitted to the heat transfer tubes 21 in the lower row corresponding to the one-to-one correspondence with the heat transfer tubes in the upper row.

  When the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 21 are in a one-to-one correspondence, when the rows of the upper and lower heat transfer tubes 21 are arranged in the vertical direction, the guide plate 22A is a symmetrical corrugated plate as shown in FIG. Or a folded plate may be sufficient. Moreover, when arrange | positioning at zigzag type | mold, as shown in FIG. 7, when it forms with an asymmetrical type corrugated sheet or a folded sheet, an up-and-down heat-transfer tube can be made to respond | correspond one-to-one. In particular, when arranged in a staggered pattern, the width of the plate material (the distance between the heat transfer tubes 21) that supports the surface surrounded by the heat transfer tubes 21 in the tube sheets (tube plates) 23 and 24 shown in FIG. Therefore, the strength of the tube sheets (tube sheets) 23 and 24, for example, the strength against sloshing of the liquid D can be increased.

  In addition, the liquid D can surely flow down from the upper heat transfer tube 21 to the lower heat transfer tube 21, and the entire surface of the lower heat transfer tube 21 can be covered with a liquid film in the cross section. Further, the guide plates 22A and 22B can be configured to generate heat conduction between the guide plates 22A and 22B and the heat transfer tube 21 so that the guide plates 22A and 22B function as heat dissipation or heat absorption fins provided in the heat transfer tube 21. The guide plates 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B are arranged so that the recess 22 a contacts the top of the lower heat transfer tube 21. In the case where different metals are used for the guide plates 22A and 22B and the heat transfer tube 21, when it is necessary to prevent corrosion due to a potential difference, for example, an insulating heat radiation sheet such as a silicon material filled with a ceramic filler may be sandwiched therebetween.

  The guide plates 22A and 22B may have the flow-down hole 22b opened only in the vicinity of the recess 22a or may be opened over the entire surface. However, when the flow-down hole 22b is opened over the entire surface, In order to prevent the liquid D dripped from the heat transfer tube 21 from passing through the guide plates 22A and 22B, the opening should be smaller than the droplet diameter D, or a louver sheet with a sufficiently poor view as viewed from the heat transfer tube 21 above. There is.

  When used in an application where gas is generated or absorbed on the surface of the heat transfer tube 21, sufficient gas permeability is ensured in the guide plates 22A and 22B so as not to hinder gas traffic. It is preferable. In addition, since the generation and absorption processes of gas are performed not only on the surface of the heat transfer tube 21 but also on the surfaces of the guide plates 22A and 22B, the gap between the guide plates 22A and 22B and the heat transfer tube 21 therebelow is Contact to conduct heat.

  And when it is desired to ensure a long residence time of the liquid D dripping from above, it is dropped from the surface of the heat transfer tube 21 to the guide plates 22A and 22B below it without flowing down due to surface tension and capillary action. Since the guide plates 22A and 22B and the heat transfer tube 21 thereabove are not in contact with each other, an interval equal to or larger than the droplet diameter is provided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in the cross section, the liquid D is allowed to flow evenly to the left and right of the top of the lower heat transfer tube, and the entire surface of the lower heat transfer tube is covered with a liquid film. The lowermost part of the recess 22a of the guide plates 22A and 22B is formed in a bilaterally symmetrical shape so that it can be made.

  The guide plates 22A and 22B are made of a mesh sheet, a grating, a net, or a louver sheet in which holes smaller than the natural droplet diameter of the liquid D to be dropped are opened. You can make it.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the flow down holes 22b are formed in semicircles, U-shaped, V-shaped, and U-shaped with both end points on the left and right of the lowermost portion of the recess 22a and on the substantially center line of the lowermost portion. It is formed by providing a cut of any shape of a mold, a claw mold, or a claw-shaped claw mold and then folding the valley. In other words, the plate material is alternately folded into a mountain and a valley to form a corrugated sheet or a folded sheet, and a semicircular, U-shaped, V-shaped, U-shaped, claw-shaped, tip-claw-shaped claw-shaped cut, etc. 22d A guide plate 22C as shown in FIG. 9 is formed so that the projections (claws and tongues) 22c appear outside the valley fold when the valley is folded. Thus, a slope extending from the valley fold to the right side of the valley fold is formed by the protrusion 22c, and a slope extending right from the valley fold from the valley fold to the left by the protrusion 22c is formed by the protrusion 22c. Is done. The cut 22d forming the protrusion 22c is formed by shearing with a press, and a “burr” generated at that time is formed on the upper surface (inside the valley) of the guide plate 22C.

  The “kaeri” is also called a burr because it is a fine squint formed on the cut surface when a thin metal plate is cut with scissors, for example. Further, in the plan view of FIG. 8, it is preferable to make a fine punch hole (not shown), but at that time, the punching “bake” is configured to appear on the upper surface of the guide plate 22C.

  The droplets D flowing down from the heat transfer tubes 21 in the upper row are received by the mountain fold portion of the guide plate 22C and guided to the concave portion 22a of the valley fold portion by slope inclination, wetting, or capillary action. At this time, for example, since there is a counterclockwise inclination around the tube axis of the heat transfer tube 21, the liquid D dripped onto the left inclined surface is hindered by the “back” that has come out on the upper surface of the guide plate 22C around the flow down hole 22b, As shown in FIG. 9, it flows down while being guided to the protrusion 22c through the flow hole 22b, and is guided to the right side of the fold of the valley fold down the slope of the protrusion 22c. It moves to the heat transfer tube 21 in the row. Similarly, the liquid D dripped onto the right slope is guided to the left slightly from the fold of the valley fold, avoiding “kaeri”, and drip and moves to the heat transfer tubes 21 in the lower row. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, even when there is an inclination around the tube axis of the heat transfer tube 21, there is an effect of flowing down to the vicinity of the vertical line of the heat transfer tube 21 directly below. It is preferable that the dropped liquid D does not turn to the back surface (lower surface) of the guide plate 22C until it reaches the protrusion 22c near the valley fold. It ’s better to leave the “kaeri” on the top.

  According to this method, as shown in FIG. 11, it can be expected that the outer surfaces on both the left and right sides of the heat transfer tubes 21 in the lower row are used more reliably even when there is a slight inclination. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the projection 22c of the guide plate 22C comes into contact with the heat transfer tube 21 in the lower row, so that the guide plate 22C is stably seated on the heat transfer tube 21 in the lower row. Furthermore, since the contact area increases, heat transfer is also performed by heat conduction, and heat is reliably transferred from the guide plate 22C to the heat transfer tube 21.

  8 and FIG. 9, a convex process is performed so as to have a ridge line 22e perpendicular to the valley line, and the liquid D is more positively guided to the protrusion 22c, and in a direction parallel to the valley line when inclined. In other words, an example in which the plate 22C is provided with a V-shaped cut line 22d and a mountain ridge line 22e so as to prevent the liquid D from moving along the valley line.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when forming the guide plate 22D using a grating 22g in which steel materials are assembled in a lattice shape, a bar 22gb is formed between the parallel flat bar 22ga and the vicinity of the bottom of the flat bar 22ga. Use what you connect. In this case, the guide plate 22D can be formed by deforming into a corrugated shape by pressing so that the interval L1 of the flat bar 22ga to be connected after the grating 22g is folded is the same as the interval L2 of the heat transfer tube 21. Note that the interval L1 between the flat bars 22ga after folding the grating 22g is half of the lateral interval L2 of the heat transfer tube 21, so that the lower flat bar 22ga is disposed above the top of the heat transfer tube 21. Also good.

  According to the above-mentioned falling film heat exchanger 20, absorption refrigeration system 30, and ships, offshore structures, underwater structures, even if these ships etc. are inclined or swinging, In the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20, the liquid D such as a refrigerant or an absorbing liquid is evenly distributed by the liquid distributor 10, dropped onto the top of the heat transfer tube 21, and then from the heat transfer tube 21 located in the upper row. The dropped liquid D can be reliably dropped onto the surface of the heat transfer tube 21 located in the lower row, and a decrease in heat exchange performance can be avoided.

  In particular, the liquid D can be evenly distributed to the tray 15 by the configuration of the liquid distributor 10, and the liquid D can be dropped onto the heat transfer tube 21. Further, the liquid D can be distributed over a wide horizontal plane. Further, even when the heat transfer tube 21 is inclined 45 degrees in the longitudinal direction, the liquid D can be continuously supplied to the heat transfer tube 21. As a result, it can be mounted on ships, offshore structures, underwater structures and the like.

  In addition, the arrangement of the guide plates 22A, 22B, and 22C having the upper recesses allows each of the upper plates to be tilted within a predetermined angle range set in advance in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis of the heat transfer tube 21. Since the liquid D flowing down the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 21 is transferred to the lower heat transfer tube 21 corresponding to the upper heat transfer tube 21 in a one-to-one correspondence, the liquid D is reliably transferred to the lower row. It can be dropped on the top of the heat tube 21.

  In addition, in the arrangement of heat transfer tube groups, even if a large number of upper and lower tubes are arranged compared to the horizontal number of heat transfer tubes, it is possible to avoid performance degradation due to inclination in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, so the floor area required for installation In addition, the arrangement of the heat transfer tube groups has an effect of simplifying the horizontal distribution in the liquid distribution apparatus 10.

  Further, when the first distribution channel 13 and the second distribution channels 14A and 14B are provided with a downward gradient by being arranged near the center in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube 21 of the distribution tank 11, the length of the downward gradient is provided. Therefore, the overall height of the apparatus can be reduced. Further, the structure in which the discharge device 12 is formed of stub pipes having the same shape makes the fluid resistance during discharge the same, so it is easy to make the amount of liquid D discharged from the outlet of each stub pipe uniform. it can.

  And since the absorption refrigeration system 30 of embodiment which concerns on this invention is comprised using said falling liquid film type heat exchanger 20, the effect similar to said falling liquid film type heat exchanger 20 is obtained. Can play.

  Further, the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention has the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20 or the absorption refrigeration system 10 in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube distribution area or in a square area. Is configured so that the direction of one side of the square is aligned with the ship length direction (front and rear direction of the hull, roll axis direction). According to this configuration, the same effects as those of the falling liquid film heat exchanger can be obtained.

  Furthermore, since the offshore structure and the underwater structure of the embodiment according to the present invention are configured by mounting the falling liquid film heat exchanger 20 or the absorption refrigeration system 10 described above, An effect similar to that of the falling liquid film heat exchanger can be obtained. In addition, when these offshore structures and underwater structures are substantially ship-shaped, the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube distribution area, or in the case of a square area, the direction of one side of the square and the ship length direction It is preferable to mount them in the same manner.

  According to the falling film heat exchanger, absorption refrigeration system, ship, offshore structure, and underwater structure of the present invention, even if these ships or the like are inclined or swung, In a liquid film heat exchanger, liquid such as refrigerant and absorption liquid is evenly distributed by a liquid distributor and dropped onto the top of the heat transfer tube to ensure that the liquid dropped from the heat transfer tube located in the upper row Since it can be dropped on the surface of the heat transfer tube located in the lower row and the deterioration of heat exchange performance can be avoided, it can be used for all falling liquid film type heat exchangers, and falling liquid film type heat exchangers It can be widely used in absorbers, evaporators, distillers, concentrators, absorption refrigeration systems, etc., and widely used in ships, offshore structures and underwater structures.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Liquid distribution apparatus 11 Distribution tank 12 Discharge apparatus 13 1st distribution flow path 14A, 14B 2nd distribution flow path 14a Partition plate 14b Distribution hole 15 Tray 20 Falling liquid film type heat exchanger 20A Evaporator 20B Absorber 21 Heat transfer pipe 22A , 22B, 22C, 22D Guide plate 22a Concavity (valley)
22b Downflow hole 22c Protrusion (claw, tongue)
22d Cut line 22e Ridge line 22g Grating 22ga Flat bar 22gb Bar 23, 24 Tube plate 25 Partition plate 26, 26A, 26B Bottom 27A, 27B Reservoir 28 Wave return 29 Refrigerant / absorbing liquid separating louver 30 Absorption refrigeration system D, Da, Db liquid (droplet)

Claims (12)

  In a falling liquid film type heat exchanger, a distribution tank for distributing liquid to the outer surface of a heat transfer tube distributed over a wide area as viewed from above, a distribution tank for receiving and temporarily storing the liquid, and the distribution tank And a plurality of discharge devices for discharging the liquid from the discharge device, and a first distribution channel for receiving the liquid discharged from the discharge device, and guiding the liquid to a region that the first distribution channel is responsible for. The falling liquid film heat exchanger is characterized in that the liquid is dropped onto a heat transfer tube.   In the first distribution flow path, at least a main part is arranged in the longitudinal direction when viewed from above the area where the heat transfer tubes are distributed, or in the case of a square area, in the direction of one side of the square, 2. The falling film heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a section obtained by dividing the longitudinal direction or the direction of one side of the square into several parts is an area that the first distribution flow path takes.   A tray that receives the liquid discharged from the end of the first distribution flow path, or a second distribution flow path that intersects with a main portion of the first distribution flow path when viewed from above. In addition, a distribution hole is provided in the tray or the second distribution flow path, the liquid is distributed from the distribution hole in an area that the first distribution flow path takes, and the liquid is dropped onto the heat transfer tube. The falling film heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The falling liquid film type according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first distribution channel is formed to have a downward gradient of 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less with a tip side downward. Heat exchanger.   The falling liquid film heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distribution tank is disposed near a center in a longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube.   The short direction of the distribution area, or, in the case of a square area, a region divided into a plurality of directions on the other side is defined as a region which the first distribution flow path takes. 2. A falling film heat exchanger according to item 1.   The falling film heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the discharge device is formed of a stub pipe having the same shape.   In the falling liquid film type heat exchanger provided with the heat transfer tubes arranged substantially horizontally, a plurality of the heat transfer tubes are arranged in rows arranged in the vertical direction, and the rows of the heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction, A guide plate having the recesses such that a lowermost portion of the recesses is disposed in the vicinity of the top portion of each lower heat transfer tube between the row of the heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction below. In addition, a flow-down hole is provided in the lowest part of the concave portion of the guide plate for flowing a liquid droplet on the top of the heat transfer tube, and is set in advance in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis of the heat transfer tube. The lower heat transfer tubes corresponding to the respective upper heat transfer tubes in a one-to-one correspondence with the liquid that has flowed down the outer surfaces of the upper heat transfer tubes even when they are inclined within a predetermined angle range. The claim is characterized in that it is communicated to Falling film heat exchanger according to any one of 1 to 7.   An absorption refrigeration system using the falling film heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   A ship equipped with the falling film type heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the absorption refrigeration system according to claim 9.   An offshore structure equipped with the falling film heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the absorption refrigeration system according to claim 9.   An underwater structure equipped with the falling liquid film heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or the absorption refrigeration system according to claim 9.

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