JP2011027296A - Liquid distributor, shell-type heat exchanger using this, and absorption refrigerator using these - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid distributor for maintaining uniform distribution of liquid with suppressed height. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid distributor includes a liquid introducing pipe, a liquid distributing member, and a liquid dropping member. The liquid introducing pipe supplies the liquid to the liquid distributing member, the liquid distributing member distributes the liquid to the liquid dropping member, and the liquid dropping member distributes and supplies the liquid to an outer surface of a heat transfer pipe installed below the liquid dropping member. The liquid distributing member has a liquid distributing hole for supplying the liquid to the liquid dropping member. The liquid dropping member has a liquid dropping hole for supplying the liquid to the heat transfer pipe. The liquid introducing pipe is arranged below an upper surface of the liquid distributing member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid distributor, a shell-type heat exchanger using the same, and an absorption refrigerator including the same.

  As an example of the prior art of the liquid distributor and the shell-type heat exchanger and absorption refrigerator using the same, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid distributor that distributes and distributes a liquid accompanied by a phase change from the top onto a heat transfer tube group in the process of heat exchange. The liquid distributor is used as a liquid outlet and distributes a liquid. The distribution holes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the duct, and are arranged below the primary distribution duct along the longitudinal direction of the primary distribution duct and in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the distribution holes. There is disclosed a liquid distribution apparatus comprising a secondary distribution tray which is divided into a plurality of regions and in which a liquid dropping hole for dropping the liquid is formed in each region.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a water vapor generating apparatus including an evaporator that evaporates water using low-temperature waste heat as a heat source and a compressor that compresses water vapor evaporated by the evaporator.

Republished WO98 / 41798 JP 2007-205657 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid distribution apparatus that maintains a uniform distribution of liquid and suppresses the height.

  The liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention includes a liquid introduction pipe, a liquid distribution member, and a liquid dropping member. The liquid introduction pipe supplies a liquid to the liquid distribution member, and the liquid distribution member serves as the liquid dropping member. A liquid distribution apparatus configured to distribute the liquid, and to distribute and supply the liquid to an outer surface of a heat transfer tube installed below the liquid dropping member. And a liquid distribution hole for supplying the liquid to the liquid dropping member, the liquid dropping member has a liquid dropping hole for supplying the liquid to the heat transfer tube, and the liquid introduction pipe is It is arranged below the upper surface of the liquid distribution member.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while maintaining uniform distribution of a liquid, the liquid distribution apparatus which suppressed height can be provided.

It is a perspective view which shows the liquid distribution apparatus of the 1st Example by this invention. It is a front view of the liquid distribution apparatus of FIG. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the ceiling part of the heat exchanger which comprises some liquid distribution apparatuses of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the liquid dripping tray which is a component of the liquid distribution apparatus of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the liquid dripping tray of FIG. 4A. It is a perspective view which shows the liquid distribution apparatus of the 2nd Example by this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the component of the liquid distribution apparatus of FIG. It is a bottom view which shows the modification of the distribution duct of FIG. It is a bottom view which shows the modification of the distribution duct of FIG.

  Hereinafter, a liquid distribution apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, a falling liquid film heat exchanger (shell type heat exchanger) using the liquid distribution apparatus, and an absorption refrigerator using them will be described.

  The falling liquid film type heat exchanger (shell type heat exchanger) is an evaporator of an absorption refrigeration machine, an absorber and a regenerator, an evaporator of a distillation apparatus, an evaporator of a steam generator using low-temperature exhaust heat, etc. Used for.

  The liquid distributor is for flowing down (dropping) the liquid uniformly over a wide area.

  The liquid distributor and the falling liquid film type heat exchanger have a plurality of distribution holes arranged in a row in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube group on the upper wall of the heat exchanger main body container, A liquid distribution duct corresponding to the row of distribution holes is disposed, and a plurality of liquid dropping trays corresponding to the distribution holes are arranged in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube group on the inner surface of the upper wall inside the container. . Furthermore, a supply duct for supplying liquid to the liquid distribution duct is provided, and these duct groups are installed in a plane within the same height without overlapping in the vertical direction.

  The shell type heat exchanger is a heat exchanger in which a heat transfer tube is built in a shell.

  In the liquid distribution apparatus, a connection portion between the liquid introduction pipe and the liquid distribution member is provided on a side surface portion or a lower portion of the liquid distribution member.

  The liquid distributor includes a liquid dropping tray in which the liquid dropping member is divided into a plurality of parts.

  In the liquid distribution apparatus, the liquid distribution members are arranged on the same plane.

  In the liquid distributor, the liquid dropping member is arranged on the same plane.

  In the liquid distribution apparatus, the liquid distribution holes are formed in a plurality of rows.

  The shell-type heat exchanger is a shell-type heat exchanger in which the heat transfer tube is built in a shell, and the liquid distribution member and the liquid dripping member of the liquid distribution device are disposed on a ceiling portion thereof. .

  In the shell heat exchanger, the liquid distribution member is disposed outside the shell.

  In the shell heat exchanger, the liquid dripping members are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube.

  In the shell heat exchanger, the liquid distribution hole is formed in a ceiling portion of the shell.

  The absorption chiller is an absorption chiller including an absorber, an evaporator, a regenerator, and a condenser, and the absorber and / or the evaporator is configured by the shell heat exchanger.

  According to the present embodiment, the distribution duct that occupied the upper end of the falling film membrane heat exchanger body in Patent Document 1 is installed outside the heat exchanger body, thereby reducing the occupied volume of the liquid distributor. A falling liquid film type heat exchanger reduced in size can be provided.

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the distribution duct and the supply duct are arranged in a plane without overlapping in the vertical direction on the outer upper surface of the heat exchanger body, so that the distribution duct is installed on the outer upper surface. It is possible to avoid an increase in the height dimension due to.

  Hereinafter, specific examples in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1, 2, 3 and 4A show the first embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a liquid dispensing apparatus of the first embodiment. 2 is a front view of the liquid distributor of FIG. 1 (a cross-sectional view showing a ceiling portion of a shell-type heat exchanger). FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing an upper wall end portion (ceiling portion) of the shell-type heat exchanger constituting a part of the liquid distribution apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing a liquid dropping tray which is a component of the liquid distributor of FIG.

  The present embodiment is an example of a liquid distributor installed on the ceiling of a shell type heat exchanger.

  1 and 2, the liquid introduction pipe 1 is connected to the lower portion of the primary supply duct 2, and the primary supply duct 2 is connected to the side surface portion of the secondary supply duct 3. The secondary supply duct 3 is connected to the side surfaces of the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b are connected to the side surfaces of the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. The primary supply duct 2, the secondary supply duct 3, the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d have substantially the same height and are arranged on a horizontal plane (on the same plane).

  When this shell type heat exchanger is applied to an absorber or an evaporator of an absorption refrigerator, a pump (not shown) for pumping liquid (such as an aqueous lithium bromide solution) stored at the bottom of the absorber or evaporator. To the liquid introduction pipe 1.

  The primary supply duct 2, the secondary supply duct 3, the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are arranged in order from the upstream side as liquid flow paths, and flow toward the downstream side. The road is narrow. This makes it easier for the liquid to reach the downstream side.

  Here, the primary supply duct 2, the secondary supply duct 3, the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are collectively referred to as a liquid distribution member.

  The present embodiment relates to a liquid distribution apparatus suitable for a relatively large falling liquid film heat exchanger (shell type heat exchanger).

  In this embodiment, the liquid distribution member is installed on the upper surface of the ceiling portion (planar portion) of the outer wall 6 of the shell type heat exchanger body. That is, the liquid distribution member is disposed outside the shell.

  In addition, drip tray groups 7 a and 7 b (liquid drip tray group) are installed on the lower surface of the ceiling portion (planar portion) of the outer wall 6. Distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d (liquid distribution holes) shown in FIG. 3 are formed in the ceiling portion (planar portion) of the outer wall 6 where the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are installed. The liquid can flow down from the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d to the dropping tray groups 7a and 7b through the distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d.

  In the present embodiment, the distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d have a diameter of about 5 mm.

  In this embodiment, the liquid distribution hole provided in the ceiling portion of the outer wall 6 of the shell type heat exchanger is included in the liquid distribution member.

  In this embodiment, the connection part between the liquid introduction pipe 1 and the primary supply duct 2, the connection part between the primary supply duct 2 and the secondary supply duct 3, and the connection between the secondary supply duct 3 and the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b. And the connection parts of the tertiary supply ducts 4a, 4b and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are all sealed by welding. This is because the inside of the absorber, the evaporator, etc. of the absorption refrigerator is at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, and a structure for preventing air leakage is required.

  As described above, by providing the liquid distribution hole in the ceiling portion of the outer wall 6 of the shell type heat exchanger, the bottom plate of the liquid distribution member can be omitted.

  The dropping tray groups 7a and 7b are configured by arranging a large number of dropping trays 7 (liquid dropping trays) shown in FIG. 4A. The side surface of the dropping tray 7 is partitioned by a plate, and a number of dropping holes 71 (liquid dropping holes) are formed on the bottom surface of the dropping tray 7. That is, the liquid dropping member is divided into a plurality of liquid dropping trays. Thereby, a liquid can be dripped (supplied) from each liquid dripping tray to a heat exchanger tube. Even if a partition plate is provided on one dropping tray 7 to restrict the horizontal flow of the liquid, the liquid can be uniformly and uniformly supplied to the heat transfer tubes.

  Here, the dropping tray groups 7a and 7b are called liquid dropping members.

  The liquid dripping member is installed side by side in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube. Thereby, a liquid can be uniformly supplied to a lower heat exchanger tube.

  With the above configuration, a liquid is caused to flow down through a drip hole 71 to a heat transfer tube (not shown) installed below the drip tray 7, and a liquid film is formed on the surface of the heat transfer tube to form the liquid and the heat transfer tube. The heat exchange with is done.

  With the above configuration, the vertical dimension (space) for installing these ducts, that is, the height of the liquid distributor (the height of the falling liquid film heat exchanger (shell type heat exchanger)) is reduced. be able to.

  In the present embodiment, the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d and the distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d are provided in two rows because the liquid is not sufficiently retained in each drip tray 7. This is to prepare for the case where the liquid is not uniformly distributed due to the liquid flowing down from a part of the dropping hole 71. Therefore, when the liquid is uniformly distributed, the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d and the distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d may be arranged in one row.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of drip trays 7 are arranged in a plane to ensure the liquid distribution. However, when the liquid distribution device is in operation, the drip tray 7 is used. In the case where the liquid is sufficiently supplied to the liquid and the liquid stays in the entire bottom of the dropping tray 7 and the liquid flows down from most of the dropping holes 71, a plurality of dropping trays 7 are arranged side by side. You may comprise a liquid distribution apparatus using the one dripping tray 7 without using tray group 7a, 7b.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid introduction pipe 1 is connected to the lower portion of the primary supply duct 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the height of the liquid distributor or the falling liquid film type heat exchanger is not limited to this. If it is not increased, it may be connected to the side surface of the primary supply duct 2. In other words, it may be disposed below the upper surface of the liquid distribution member. In other words, it is desirable that the connection portion between the liquid introduction pipe 1 and the liquid distribution member is provided on the side surface portion or the lower portion of the liquid distribution member. Here, the side surface part or the lower part also means that the liquid introduction pipe 1 is connected from a direction obliquely below the liquid distribution member.

  In the present embodiment, the supplied liquid is distributed through the liquid introduction pipe 1, the primary supply duct 2, the secondary supply duct 3, the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. It distributes to the dripping tray groups 7a and 7b through the distribution holes 61a to 61c and 62a to 62d shown in FIG. 3, which are opened in the ceiling portion of the outer wall 6 of the heat exchanger body. Then, the liquid drops from a large number of dropping holes 71 provided on the lower surface of each dropping tray 7.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the length of the heat transfer tube installed below the liquid distributor is about 10 m, and the length of the dropping tray groups 7a and 7b is also about 10 m. In the case of this embodiment, the width of the liquid distributor is about 0.5 m.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d for supplying the liquid to the drip tray group are installed on the outer upper surface of the heat exchanger body, so that the internal occupancy of the liquid distribution device is dripped. Only the tray groups 7a and 7b are provided, and the internal space of the shell of the heat exchanger can be used effectively, and the liquid distribution device can be reduced in size.

  In this embodiment, the primary supply duct 2, the secondary supply duct 3, the tertiary supply ducts 4a and 4b, and the distribution ducts 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are all disposed in the same plane on the upper surface of the heat exchanger body. Therefore, a compact falling film heat exchanger having a reduced height dimension can be obtained.

  4B is a perspective view showing a modification of the liquid dropping tray of FIG. 4A.

  In this figure, the vent hole 101 is provided in the upper part of the side surface part of the dropping tray 7, and the internal space of the dropping tray 7 and the internal space of the heat exchanger communicate with each other. As a result, it is possible to prevent the liquid from evaporating in the internal space of the dropping tray 7 and hindering the supply of the liquid.

  In the figure, a foreign matter trap 102 is provided at the bottom of the dropping tray 7. The foreign matter trap 102 is provided from the center of the dropping tray 7 rather than directly below the liquid distribution hole, and the height thereof is lower than the depth of the dropping tray 7. Thereby, when the foreign material is contained in the liquid supplied from the liquid distribution hole, it is possible to prevent the foreign material from being deposited on the upstream side of the dropping hole 71 and blocking the dropping hole 71.

  Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a liquid dispensing apparatus of the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing components of the liquid dispensing apparatus of FIG.

  In these drawings, the primary supply duct 2 and the distribution duct 5 (5a, 5b) are connected, and the dropping tray groups 7a to 7f are installed on the lower surface of the outer wall 6 (ceiling part) of the heat exchanger. . Distribution holes 61a to 61m and 62a to 62m are provided in the outer wall 6 of the heat exchanger.

  The components of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, but the secondary supply duct and the tertiary supply duct are omitted. That is, the structure of the liquid distribution member is simplified and the manufacture thereof is facilitated.

  Also in this embodiment, the same effect as in Embodiment 1 can be obtained, and it is suitable for a comparatively small falling liquid film heat exchanger.

  7A is a bottom view showing a modification of the distribution duct of FIG. 6, and FIG. 7B is a bottom view showing a modification of the distribution duct of FIG.

  In the distribution duct 5 shown in FIG. 7A, U-shaped partition plates 111 and 112 are provided inside a rectangular parallelepiped having no bottom surface, and liquid flow paths 115a and 115b are formed. The partition plates 111 and 112 are welded and fixed to a ceiling portion of a rectangular parallelepiped, so that the liquid does not easily flow into the internal spaces 113 and 114. The welding method in this case may be spot welding, and it is not always necessary to prevent liquid leakage.

  A drain hole (not shown) may be provided in the ceiling portion of the heat exchanger that is directly below the internal spaces 113 and 114 in case the liquid flows into the internal spaces 113 and 114. A plurality of drain holes may be provided so that the liquid flows down to a plurality of dropping trays. Thereby, the falling liquid film heat exchanger can be operated without increasing the total amount of liquid circulating through the shell of the heat exchanger and the liquid distributor more than necessary.

  The absorber and the evaporator of the absorption chiller communicate with each other at the side surface, but when the liquid is stored at the bottom of the falling film heat exchanger when the liquid distributor is not operated, This is because if the amount of (the above liquid) is too large, it may flow into the absorber and dilute the liquid in the absorber having a high concentration.

  The distribution duct 5 shown in FIG. 7B is provided with trapezoidal (tapered) partition plates 111 and 112 inside a rectangular parallelepiped having no bottom surface, and liquid channels 115a and 115b are formed. Other configurations are the same as those of the modification shown in FIG. 7A.

  In the modification of FIGS. 7A and 7B, it is possible to reduce the portions of the distribution duct 5 that need to be welded, and to facilitate the manufacture thereof.

  The liquid distribution holes provided in the liquid flow paths 115a and 115b and the ceiling portion of the outer wall 6 of the shell heat exchanger preferably have a flow resistance that increases toward the downstream side. This is to prevent the liquid from flowing down from the liquid distribution hole on the upstream side and not reaching the liquid distribution hole on the downstream side.

  The above embodiment shows a case where the distribution ducts and the distribution holes are provided in two rows, but is not limited to this, and the distribution ducts and the distribution holes may be three or more rows. .

  The absorption refrigerator in the present invention conforms to the definition described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS B8622-2002, and includes a heat pump and a cold / hot water machine.

  The liquid to be distributed using the above liquid distribution apparatus is not particularly limited, but in the case of an absorption refrigerator, an aqueous lithium bromide solution or an aqueous ammonia solution is generally used as a refrigerant. In the evaporator of the absorption refrigerator, water containing almost no lithium bromide is also used.

  1: liquid introduction pipe, 2: primary supply duct, 3: secondary supply duct, 4a, 4b: tertiary supply duct, 5a-5d: distribution duct, 6: outer wall, 61a-61d, 62a-62d: distribution hole, 7 : Drop tray, 7a-7f: Drop tray group, 71: Drop hole.

Claims (11)

  A liquid introduction pipe; a liquid distribution member; and a liquid dropping member. The liquid introduction pipe supplies liquid to the liquid distribution member, and the liquid distribution member distributes the liquid to the liquid dropping member. A liquid distribution apparatus having a configuration in which a drip member distributes and supplies the liquid to an outer surface of a heat transfer tube installed below the liquid drip member, the liquid distribution member supplying the liquid to the liquid drip member The liquid dropping member has a liquid dropping hole for supplying the liquid to the heat transfer tube, and the liquid introduction pipe is below the upper surface of the liquid distributing member. A liquid dispensing device, characterized in that it is arranged.   The liquid distribution apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a connection portion between the liquid introduction pipe and the liquid distribution member is provided on a side surface portion or a lower portion of the liquid distribution member.   The liquid dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid dropping member has a liquid dropping tray divided into a plurality of parts.   The liquid dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid dispensing members are arranged on the same plane.   The liquid dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid dropping members are arranged on the same plane.   The liquid distribution apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distribution holes are formed in a plurality of rows.   It is a shell type heat exchanger with which the said heat exchanger tube was incorporated in the shell, Comprising: The liquid distribution member and the said liquid dripping member of the liquid distribution apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-6 arrange | positioned in the ceiling part Shell-type heat exchanger characterized by being made.   The shell-type heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein the liquid distribution member is disposed outside the shell.   The shell-type heat exchanger according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the liquid dripping members are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube.   The shell type heat exchanger according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the liquid distribution hole is formed in a ceiling portion of the shell.   It is an absorption refrigerator including an absorber, an evaporator, a regenerator, and a condenser, and at least one of the absorber and the evaporator is a shell-type heat exchange according to any one of claims 7 to 10. An absorption refrigerator characterized by comprising a refrigerator.

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