JP2013053838A - Combustion method of low fuel consumption and low exhaust gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion method capable of reducing remarkably a fuel consumption and an exhaust gas, in a boiler, a turbine, an internal combustion engine or domestic equipment using a city gas or natural gas.SOLUTION: A large amount of very microfined water having 0.1 to 20 nm of water fine particle size is generated in a gas, and the very microfined water is mixed at 20 to 50 vol.% of ratio, followed with stirring to be dispersed, in the boiler, the turbine, the internal combustion engine or the domestic equipment using the gas such as the city gas or natural gas as a combustion source, and a gas emulsion fuel is brought thereby and is transferred to a burner, to be burnt together with combustion air.

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel combustion method capable of drastically reducing fuel consumption and exhaust gas in combustion equipment such as boilers, turbines, internal combustion engines or household bath tubs using city gas or natural gas. It is.

  Industrial activities and daily activities consume a lot of energy, and this energy source has traditionally depended on natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, and city gas, but it has advanced to this day. Since the consumption of enormous natural resources has been made with the economic development of each country, the depletion of natural resources has already become a concern, and the enormous amount of carbon dioxide that has been discharged along with the burning of enormous amounts of natural resources. Global warming gas such as gas will significantly damage the global environment, causing damage to crops, roads, houses, etc. due to heavy rain and floods, landslides, river floods, etc. due to weather changes and abnormal weather, as well as subsequent health victims Has also reached a huge amount. For this reason, this problem is regarded as the highest priority issue internationally.

  Although it has been proposed to use an emulsified fuel in which water is dispersed and mixed with petroleum as a combustion source as a means for solving this problem, the fuel consumption is reduced and the exhaust gas is maintained while maintaining the combustibility with the emulsion fuel. In order to reduce gas, it can be realized by mixing at least 20 to 50% by volume of water with respect to petroleum and creating a steam reforming reaction and a water gas reaction in the mixed water. For this purpose, the oil and water in the emulsion fuel are uniformly dispersed and mixed, and the droplets of the water to be dispersed and mixed are made as fine as possible to positively exert micro explosiveness. In addition, it is a requirement that the vaporized heat is less deprived during combustion.

  By the way, since petroleum and water are in an insoluble relationship, in order to stably disperse and mix each other, attempts are made to chemically bond with an emulsifier, but the emulsifier is used to disperse and mix with each other. On the other hand, water, petroleum, and emulsifiers are firmly bonded, so that water droplets cannot be made finer, and the microexplosive performance is insufficient. Therefore, if the water content exceeds 7 to 10% by volume relative to petroleum, the flammability is remarkably impaired, and in recent years, the emulsifier is also a cause of the production of environmental hormones, making it difficult to use in practice.

For this reason, the technical idea of dispersive mixing of petroleum and water by chemical bonding is changed to the technical idea of physical dispersive mixing, and there are many by high-speed rotating mixer means, ultrasonic capillary means, or static mixing means. Even in the result of repeated dispersion mixing research, stable dispersion mixing for a long time has not been realized.
In view of this, the inventors collaborated with oil and water to disturb, crush and disperse the oil, and then homogenous dispersion mixing and refinement of the water droplets were performed, and immediately combusted to maintain the combustibility. In addition, it has been found that a significant reduction in fuel consumption and a reduction in exhaust gas can be realized, and many prior applications, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-264312, have disclosed.

Thus, in recent years, in boilers, turbines, internal combustion engines, and household combustion equipment, the combustion source is changed from conventional petroleum oils such as kerosene, light oil or heavy oil to gases such as city gas and natural gas. Has been made aggressively.
As a result, city gas and natural gas are in the form of a gas, and the particle size thereof is very fine, about 0.1 to 1.0 nm. On the other hand, the water that forms emulsion fuel with the gas is transpiration water. In this case, the particle size is approximately 6 to 20 μm or more, and even if dispersion mixing is performed in such a state, the specific gravity is also added to the large particle size difference, and uniform dispersion cannot be realized.

By the way, on the other hand, water is finely evaporated from a transpiration electrode having a capillary action of water, and then dissipated in a high electric field atmosphere to promote Rayleigh splitting, and ultrafine water having a particle size of 0.1 to 20 nm. Although the electrostatic atomization technology capable of generating water is well known, it depends on transpiration from the transpiration electrode, so that the generation amount is at most about 10 cc / min, and cannot be dealt with for dispersion mixing into emulsion fuel.
Therefore, the inventors conducted further research to produce ultrafine water in a large amount and at a low cost. As a result, water was sprayed or pressurized and finely separated, and Rayleigh splitting was promoted in a high electric field atmosphere. Thus, the present invention has been conceived that it can be produced in large quantities and at low cost, and can be homogeneously dispersed and mixed in the disturbance dispersion module, thereby realizing reduction in fuel consumption and reduction in exhaust gas.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion method capable of significantly reducing fuel consumption and exhaust gas in boilers, turbines, internal combustion engines, and household combustion equipment using city gas, natural gas, or the like.

The technical means adopted by the present invention in order to solve the above-mentioned problems are as follows: city gas or natural gas in boilers, turbines, internal combustion engines or household combustion equipment using gas such as city gas or natural gas as a combustion source. This produces a large amount of ultrafine water with an ultrafine particle size of water of 0.1 to 20 nm, and mixes the ultrafine water with a proportion of 20 to 50% by volume. Dispersed into gas emulsion fuel, transferred to burner, and burned with combustion air, thus reducing fuel consumption by 20 to 50% and maintaining 20 to 50% of exhaust gas while maintaining combustibility. It exists in the combustion method which realizes reduction.
Furthermore, in order to produce a large amount of ultrafine water having an ultrafine particle size of 0.1 to 20 nm, which is the main point of the technical configuration of the present invention, the water is pressurized and coordinated with a necessary gap. In addition, once the droplet diameter is sprayed to 10 μm or less from a spray nozzle having a required pore diameter and spray angle of 90 to 160 °, the applied voltage is within a high electric field atmosphere of 5,000 to 10,000 V. A structure using a pressure spraying means for generating a large amount of ultrafine water having an ultrafine particle size of 0.1 to 20 nm by promoting the Rayleigh splitting by spraying, or having a pore diameter after pressurizing water In a high electric field atmosphere where the added voltage ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 V after the water droplets are separated by a ceramic filter formed to 8 to 80 μm and the droplets are once reduced to a fine particle size of approximately 20 μm or less. Rayleigh split off Promoting allowed consists in large quantities produce constituting the ultrafine Kamizu its very fine particle size of 0.3 to 30 nm.

The present invention is configured as described above, and uses a gas such as city gas or natural gas as a main combustion source, and has a particle size of 0.1 to 20 nm or 0.0. 3 to 30 nm ultrafine water is mixed at a ratio of 20 to 50% by volume, and the ultrafine water has a very fine particle size and is almost in the same form as city gas or natural gas. In addition, since the particle size is approximated and the substantial specific gravity difference is eliminated, the mutual mixing is extremely good.
Gases and ultrafine water are mixed in the required volume ratio and then distributed through the disturbance dispersion module, so that the gases and ultrafine water are disturbed in multiple directions and the mutual mixing properties are reduced. Combined with goodness, a homogeneous dispersion is made in a short time and continuously to form a gas emulsion fuel.
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily cope with the adjustment of the pressure of water and the number of spray nozzles or the area of the ceramic filter in accordance with the supply amount of the gas emulsion fuel of the combustion equipment to be used.

The gas emulsion fuel thus formed is transferred through the gas supply passage of the burner and burned together with the combustion air at the tip, but the ultrafine water mixed in the gas emulsion fuel has its particles. The diameter is extremely fine and approximates to the particle size of gases, so that not only microexplosive action is actively performed during combustion, but there is no deprivation of heat of vaporization, so 50 volume% of gas is extremely fine. Even if the water is dispersed and mixed, the combustibility is sufficiently maintained and combustion is performed.
Of course, since the ultra fine water is dispersed and mixed in the gas emulsion fuel at a ratio of 20 to 50% by volume, the fuel consumption and the exhaust gas can be reduced. it can.

The city gas was pressurized with 2 kg / cm ² of water, sprayed with droplets having an average pore size of 0.2 mm and a spray angle of 120 ° with an average of 12 μm, and the applied voltage was 6 After being dispersed in a high electric field atmosphere of 1,000,000 V, ultra-fine water with an average of 11 nm is mixed by Rayleigh fission at a rate of 40% by volume with respect to city gas, and a disturbance dispersion module is distributed to form a gas emulsion fuel. It is transferred from the gas supply path to the gas burner tip and burned.

In the following, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the combustion method of the present invention. Gas 1 is a main combustion source in the present invention. Any gas that can be used for combustion, such as natural gas, can be used.
On the other hand, normal ground water, spring water or tap water is used as the water 2, but the water 2 is mixed with the gas emulsion fuel 3 by homogeneously mixing with the gaseous gas 1 having different properties. As for the gas emulsion fuel 3, the conventional combustibility by the gas 1 is sufficiently maintained on the one hand, and on the other hand, the fuel consumption is significantly reduced and the exhaust gas is reduced with respect to the gas 1. This is the main purpose of the present invention.

For this purpose, 20 to 50% by volume of the water 2 mixed with the gas 1 is desired, and the gas emulsion fuel 3 formed by mixing the water 2 has a combustibility equivalent to that of the gas 1. In order to exhibit water, the properties of water 2 are almost the same as those of gas 1, that is, the particle size of droplets is made extremely fine, in particular, the particle size is 0.1 to 20 nm and the mutual difference in specific gravity is lost. In addition, it is indispensable to achieve proper dispersion and mixing, and to positively exert a micro-explosive action during combustion by making the droplets extremely fine and to prevent desorption of vaporization heat during combustion.
Therefore, in order to satisfy these requirements, it is preferable to mix the water 2 droplets as ultra-fine water 2A that is preferably made finer to 20 nm or less.

Therefore, the inventors conducted extensive research to make the water 2 extremely fine. As shown in FIG. 7, the water A was evaporated from the evaporation pole B having a diameter of about 400 μm, and was about 5,000 V. It has been discovered that by applying a high electric field in a high electric field atmosphere D, Rayleigh splitting is promoted, and ultrafine water of about 20 nm can be generated slightly at about 9 cc / min.
Thus, in the present invention, the gas emulsion fuel 3 is generated and supplied to a boiler, an internal combustion engine or a household combustion device as well as a boiler. For example, the boiler is small and 100 to 200 l / hr, and the medium is 300 to 1 The supply of about 1,000 to 3,000 l / hr is required for a larger size.

As a result of further research, it has been found that the pressure spraying means 30 or the pressure fine separation means 31 can cope with this.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, in the pressurized spraying means 30, water 2 is introduced into the water conduit 30C through the pressure pump 30B in the upper part of the casing 30A, and a necessary gap is provided in the water conduit 30C. Accordingly, the spray nozzle 30D is disposed.
The spray nozzle 30D is suitable for forming the micronized water 2A having a fine particle diameter of droplets sprayed from the spray nozzle 30D, more preferably 3 to 15 μm.
For the formation of droplets having such a spray particle size, the spray nozzle 30 preferably has a hole diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and a wide spray angle of 90 to 160 °. Is also related to the spray pressure. When the spray pressure is 2.0 to 5.0 kg / cm ² , the hole diameter of the spray nozzle 30D can be dealt with by about 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
On the other hand, when the spray pressure is as high as 5 to 20 kg / cm ² , a spray nozzle 30D having a slightly larger hole diameter of about 0.3 to 0.5 nm can be used.

The water sprayed to the required fine particle size by the spray nozzle 30D is scattered in the high electric field atmosphere 30E provided below, and the Rayleigh splitting is promoted by the high electric field 30F added to the high electric field atmosphere 30E. Thus, a very large amount of ultrafine water 2A is produced.
The other pressurized fine separation means 31 is shown in FIG. That is, as shown in the figure, the pressurized fine separation means 31 has water 2 poured into the pressurized tank 31A from the water conduit 30C through the pressurized pump 30B in the upper part of the casing 30A. A ceramic filter 31B having a mesh size by weaving or a pore diameter by drilling of about 8 to 80 μm is disposed on the bottom surface of the pressurizing tank 31A.
In such a case, the mesh size or pore diameter of the ceramic filter 31B is such that it can be finely separated by pressurizing the water poured into the pressurizing tank 31A, and the pressurization to the pressurizing tank 31A is approximately 0.2. It is about 10 kg / cm ² , and if it becomes thinner than this, fine separation becomes difficult. On the other hand, if it becomes coarser, fine separation becomes impossible.

The water finely separated into the required fine particle size by the ceramic filter 31B is diffused into the high electric field atmosphere 30E provided below the high electric field 30F, which is added to the high electric field atmosphere 30E. Rayleigh splitting is promoted and a large amount of ultrafine water 2A having an ultrafine particle size of 0.3 to 30 nm is generated.
The ultrafine water 2A generated in this way is disturbed by adjusting the mixing ratio of the ultrafine water 2A to the gas 1 by the ultrafine water adjustment pump 4B and the gas adjustment pump 4A of the other gas 1. It is supplied to the distribution module 5.

The disturbance dispersion module 5 is configured to form the gas emulsion fuel 3 by uniformly dispersing the gas 1 and the ultrafine water 2A supplied as shown in FIG. 4 while disturbing each other.
This disturbance dispersion module 5 can be put to practical use as long as the supplied gas 1 and ultrafine water 2 can be uniformly dispersed and mixed with each other within a short time. It is explanatory drawing of the module 5, Comprising: The gas supply pipe | tube 1A which supplies the gas 1 and the ultrafine water supply pipe | tube 2B which supplies the ultrafine water 2 are connected with one side of the housing 5A of required capacity | capacitance. .

In the housing 5A of the disturbance dispersion module 5, an appropriate number of disturbance plates 50 are arranged so that the gas 1 and the ultrafine water 2 are homogeneously mixed with each other while being disturbed and dispersed with a small negative pressure. The disturbing plate 50 has a triangular notch protrusion 50A on one side with a predetermined gap along a circumferential line for each predetermined radius of the metal disk, and further on the other side the circumference for each different predetermined radius. A triangular notch protrusion 50B is projected on the other side with a predetermined gap along the line, and the gas 1 and ultrafine water 2 to be circulated are notched protrusions formed on one side. 50A and the notch protrusion 50B protruding from the other side are circulated through the gap portion, and contacted by the notch protrusion 50A protruding from the one side and the notch protrusion 50B protruding from the other side. While being disturbed, each other is homogeneously dispersed and mixed, and gas emulsion Fuel 3 is formed.
Further, when a large amount of gas 1 and ultrafine water 2 are circulated, it is also proposed that the disturbing plate 50 be a rotatable swirler (swivel) in order to reduce the negative pressure as much as possible.

Thus, the gas emulsion fuel 3 formed by the disturbance dispersion module 5 is transferred to the gas supply path 6A of the gas burner 6 connected to the other end 5B of the disturbance dispersion module 5.
The gas burner 6 is combusted together with the air from the air supply path 6C necessary for combustion at the tip portion 6B.
By the way, combustion of gaseous fuel such as gas emulsion fuel 3 is roughly divided into premixed combustion and diffusion combustion, and premixed combustion is a method in which a premixed gas in which gas emulsion fuel and air are uniformly mixed is burned, and unburned mixing is performed. A flame zone is formed at the boundary between the gas and the combustion exhaust, and this flame zone has the feature of propagating through the air-fuel mixture. If the premixed gas is continuously burned by the burner, a steady premixed flame is formed, but if the premixed gas jet speed from the burner outlet is slower than the flame propagation speed, flashback occurs. The structure of the flame in such premixed combustion is shown in the figure.

  On the other hand, in diffusion combustion, a flame zone is formed at the boundary caused by mutual diffusion when the gas emulsion fuel 3 and air are supplied separately, and combustion components and oxygen diffuse into this flame zone and burn, and the flame zone does not propagate . FIG. 4 shows the burner 6 in the diffusion combustion. In the case of the premixed combustion means, a supply valve 6D for supplying air is provided in the front stage of the gas supply path 6A. The flame structure in premixed combustion is shown in FIG. 5, and the flame structure in diffusion combustion is shown in FIG.

  Just by installing the process of turning water into ultrafine water and a disturbance dispersion module that uniformly disperses and mixes this ultrafine water and gas at the front of the current gas burner, Can be used.

  It is explanatory drawing of this invention combustion.   It is explanatory drawing of a pressure spraying means.   It is explanatory drawing of a pressurization fine separation means.   It is explanatory drawing of a disturbance dispersion | distribution module.   It is flame structure explanatory drawing of premix combustion.   It is flame structure explanatory drawing of diffusion combustion.   It is explanatory drawing of the conventional ultrafine-watering method.

1 gas 1A gas supply pipe 2 water 2A ultrafine water 2B ultrafine water supply pipe 3 gas emulsion fuel 30 pressurized spray means 30A casing 30B pressurization pump 30C water conduit 30D spray nozzle 30E high electric field atmosphere 30F high electric field 31 additional Pressure fine separation means 31A Pressure tank 31B Ceramic filter 4A Ultra fine water adjustment pump 4B Gas adjustment pump 5 Disturbing dispersion module 5A Housing 5B Disturbing dispersion module other end 50 Disturbing plate 50A Notch protrusion 50B on one side Notch protrusion on the other side Start 6 Gas burner 6A Gas supply path 6B Gas burner tip 6C Air supply path 6D Supply valve

Claims (4)

  In boilers, turbines, internal combustion engines or household combustion appliances that use gas such as city gas or natural gas as a combustion source, a large amount of ultrafine water with a fine particle diameter of 0.1 to 20 nm is produced, and This ultra-fine water is dispersed and mixed with gas in a ratio of 20 to 50% by volume in a disturbance dispersion module to form a gas emulsion fuel, which is then transferred to a burner and combusted with combustion air. A combustion method that can maintain the fuel efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption by 20 to 50% and the exhaust gas by 20 to 50%.   The combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the gas emulsion fuel is mixed with a required ratio of air and burned in a burner.   Water is pressurized and coordinated at the required gap, and the droplet diameter is once sprayed to 10 μm or less by a spray nozzle having a required pore size and spray angle of 90 to 160 °, and then the additional voltage is applied. Is a spraying means for spraying in a high electric field atmosphere of 5,000 to 10,000 V to promote Rayleigh splitting and to generate a large amount of ultrafine water having an ultrafine particle size of 0.1 to 20 nm. The combustion method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion method is used.   After processing the water in the pressurized water tank, pressurizing and finely separating it with a ceramics filter arranged on the bottom surface, and finely separating the droplets to a particle size of 20 μm or less, the additional voltage is 5 A fine separation means is used which diffuses in a high electric field atmosphere of 000 to 10,000 V to promote Rayleigh splitting and produces a large amount of ultrafine water having an ultrafine particle size of 0.3 to 30 nm. The combustion method according to claim 1 or 2.

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