JP2013044165A - Method for suppressing decrease in subgrade reaction of pile head - Google Patents

Method for suppressing decrease in subgrade reaction of pile head Download PDF

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JP2013044165A
JP2013044165A JP2011182662A JP2011182662A JP2013044165A JP 2013044165 A JP2013044165 A JP 2013044165A JP 2011182662 A JP2011182662 A JP 2011182662A JP 2011182662 A JP2011182662 A JP 2011182662A JP 2013044165 A JP2013044165 A JP 2013044165A
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pile head
ground
pile
granular material
gap
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JP5802080B2 (en
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Yusuke Honma
裕介 本間
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Japan Pile Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of suppressing decrease in subgrade reaction by inhibiting a gap from being made between a pile head and ground by a horizontal force during earthquakes.SOLUTION: A method restrains subgrade reaction from being decreased by having a gap made around a pile head by a horizontal force acting on the pile head 2 during earthquakes. A recess 3 is formed in ground around the pile head so that the pile head can be positioned inside, and pre-filled with a granular material 4 having fluidity. During the earthquakes, the granular material 4 flows into the gap during the earthquakes, and fills the gap.

Description

この発明は、杭頭部地盤反力の低下抑制方法に関し、より詳細には地震時に杭頭部に作用する水平力によって杭頭部周囲に隙間が生じ、地盤反力が低下するのを抑制する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for suppressing a decrease in the pile head ground reaction force, and more specifically, a horizontal force acting on the pile head during an earthquake suppresses a decrease in the ground reaction force caused by a gap around the pile head. Regarding the method.

一般的に、地震等により杭に水平力が作用した場合、地表面付近の地盤の抵抗が支配的に働く。その際、杭頭部及びその周囲の地盤は図８に示すような挙動を示す。すなわち、杭１の杭頭部２に水平力が作用して変形すると、力の作用方向に関する杭前方では、地盤は上方に向かって動くのに対して、杭後方では杭の変形分、杭に向かって落ち込むように動く（同図（ａ））。   Generally, when a horizontal force is applied to a pile due to an earthquake or the like, the resistance of the ground near the ground surface is dominant. At that time, the pile head and the surrounding ground exhibit behavior as shown in FIG. That is, when a horizontal force acts on the pile head 2 of the pile 1 and deforms, the ground moves upward in the front of the pile related to the direction of the force, whereas in the rear of the pile, the deformation of the pile, It moves in a downward direction ((a) in the figure).

しかし、水平力の作用方向が逆方向となって水平力が無くなると、圧縮性が高い地盤では上方に向かって動いた地盤は完全に戻らず、杭と地盤との間に隙間ｃが生じる（同図（ｂ））。その結果、地盤反力が低下することから、杭頭部及び地盤の挙動に関連付けて示す荷重−変位量曲線から理解されるように、杭の耐力は低下することになる。そして、地震時には、このような水平力が杭に繰り返し荷重として作用するため（同図（ｃ）、最終的には杭頭部周囲にすり鉢状の隙間ｃが発生する。特に、圧縮性の高い粘土地盤では、上方に向かって動いた地盤がほとんど戻らないため（砂のように隙間に崩れ落ちないため）、大地震後に杭と地盤との間に大きな隙間が発生しやすい。この隙間が発生した範囲では地盤からの抵抗がほとんどなくなってしまう。   However, when the direction of the horizontal force is reversed and the horizontal force disappears, the ground that has moved upward does not return completely in the highly compressible ground, and a gap c is generated between the pile and the ground ( (B) in FIG. As a result, since the ground reaction force decreases, the proof strength of the pile decreases as understood from the load-displacement curve shown in association with the behavior of the pile head and the ground. And since such a horizontal force acts as a repeated load on the pile at the time of an earthquake ((c) in the figure), finally, a mortar-shaped gap c is generated around the pile head. In clay ground, since the ground moved upwards hardly returns (because it does not collapse into the gap like sand), a large gap is likely to occur between the pile and the ground after a large earthquake. In the range, there will be almost no resistance from the ground.

なお、図８において、塑性域Ａは上方へ土がくさび状土塊として動く範囲で、杭径Ｄに対し2.0D〜4.0Dの範囲、塑性域Ｂは土被り圧によって上方への土の動きが抑制されるため、杭側面に回り込む動きをする範囲をそれぞれ示している。   In FIG. 8, the plastic zone A is the range in which the soil moves upward as a wedge-shaped lump, and the range of 2.0D to 4.0D with respect to the pile diameter D, and the plastic zone B is moved upward by the soil covering pressure. In order to be suppressed, the range which moves to the side of a pile is shown, respectively.

特許文献１には、杭頭部に起振装置を設置し、杭頭部を強制的に振動させることにより空隙を形成して、この空隙に粉粒体状の充填材を充填する水平抵抗増強方法が開示されている。しかしながら、起振装置を利用して杭を強制的に振動させるものであるため、動力源を必要とするだけでなく、起振装置の施工現場への搬入・搬出の手間が必要となる。さらには、実際に地震が発生する前に杭体に大きな負荷をかけることから、その耐力の低下が懸念される。   In Patent Document 1, an exciter is installed in the pile head, a void is formed by forcibly vibrating the pile head, and the horizontal resistance is increased by filling the void with a powdery filler. A method is disclosed. However, since the pile is forcibly vibrated using the vibration generator, not only a power source is required, but also labor for carrying in and out of the vibration generator to the construction site is required. Furthermore, since a large load is applied to the pile body before an earthquake actually occurs, there is a concern about a decrease in the proof stress.

特許文献２には杭頭周囲の地盤に、せん断ひずみに伴う体積膨張（ダイレタンシー）の大きい置換材を埋設した杭頭構造が開示されている。同文献には、置換材としては、砕石や、砕石を充填した土のうなどが挙げられると記載され（段落００１０）、杭に大きな水平力が作用することによって、置換材がせん断力を受けて体積膨張し、杭頭が拘束されることを期待するものである。すなわち、同文献記載の技術は、杭に作用する水平力によって形成される杭体と地盤との間の隙間、及びそれに伴う地盤反力の低下については何ら考察がなされておらず、したがって置換材が隙間を埋めることを期待するものではない。   Patent Document 2 discloses a pile head structure in which a replacement material having a large volume expansion (dilatancy) accompanying shear strain is embedded in the ground around the pile head. The document describes that the replacement material includes crushed stone and sandbag filled with crushed stone (paragraph 0010), and a large horizontal force acts on the pile, so that the replacement material is subjected to shearing force and volume. It is expected to expand and restrain the pile head. That is, in the technique described in this document, no consideration has been given to the gap between the pile body and the ground formed by the horizontal force acting on the pile, and the decrease in the ground reaction force associated therewith. Does not expect to fill the gap.

特開２００４−２５０９８７号公報JP 2004-250987 A 特開２００５−６１１７２号公報JP 2005-61172 A

この発明は上記のような技術的背景に基づいてなされたものであって、次の目的を達成するものである。
この発明の目的は、地震時の水平力によって杭頭部と地盤との間に隙間が発生するのを抑え、地盤反力が低下するのを抑制することができる方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made based on the technical background as described above, and achieves the following object.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of suppressing the generation of a gap between a pile head and the ground due to a horizontal force at the time of an earthquake and suppressing a decrease in ground reaction force.

この発明は上記課題を達成するために、次のような手段を採用している。
すなわち、この発明は、地震時に杭頭部に作用する水平力によって杭頭部周囲に隙間が生じ、地盤反力が低下するのを抑制する方法であって、
杭頭部周囲の地盤に該杭頭部が内方に位置するように凹部を形成して、この凹部に流動性を有する粒状材料を充填しておき、
地震時に前記粒状材料が前記隙間に流動して、該隙間を埋めるするようにしたことを特徴とする杭頭地盤反力の低下抑制方法にある。 The present invention employs the following means in order to achieve the above object.
That is, this invention is a method for suppressing a decrease in ground reaction force due to a gap generated around the pile head due to a horizontal force acting on the pile head during an earthquake,
A recess is formed in the ground around the pile head so that the pile head is located inward, and the recess is filled with a granular material having fluidity,
In the method for suppressing a decrease in pile head ground reaction force, the granular material flows into the gap and fills the gap during an earthquake.

地盤上に前記粒状材料を補充する補充機構を設けるようにしてもよい。また、前記粒状材料の外周を袋で覆うようにしてもよい。さらには、前記粒状材料と地盤との境界を剛性体で仕切るようにしてもよい。   A replenishing mechanism for replenishing the granular material may be provided on the ground. Moreover, you may make it cover the outer periphery of the said granular material with a bag. Furthermore, the boundary between the granular material and the ground may be partitioned by a rigid body.

この発明によれば、地震時に水平力によって杭頭部と地盤との間に隙間が形成される現象が生じても、その隙間は予め杭頭部周囲に配置した粒状材料によって即座に埋められるので、隙間の発生を抑えることができる。したがって、地盤反力の低下を抑制することができ、特別な地盤補強などを施すことなく、建物の供用期間の長い杭基礎を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, even if a phenomenon occurs in which a gap is formed between the pile head and the ground due to horizontal force during an earthquake, the gap is immediately filled with granular material previously arranged around the pile head. , The generation of gaps can be suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the ground reaction force, and it is possible to provide a pile foundation having a long service period of the building without performing special ground reinforcement or the like.

さらに、この発明は地震に備えて予め地盤を補強・強化するものではなく、地震が発生したときにはじめて、いわばそのエネルギーを巧みに利用して地盤反力の低下抑制機能を働かせるものであるので、地震の発生如何に拘わらず予め対策を施す補強・強化方法に比べて、合理性に優れるだけでなく、施工コストも少なくて済む。   Furthermore, the present invention does not reinforce or strengthen the ground in advance in preparation for an earthquake, but only when the earthquake occurs, so-called the skill of using the energy to make a function to suppress the decrease in ground reaction force. Regardless of the occurrence of an earthquake, it is not only more rational than the reinforcement / strengthening method in which countermeasures are taken in advance, but also requires less construction costs.

この発明の実施形態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows embodiment of this invention. 実施形態の挙動を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the behavior of an embodiment. 複数の別の実施形態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows some other embodiment. 補充機構の詳細を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the detail of a replenishment mechanism. 図４のＡ−Ａ線矢視断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4. 補充機構の別の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows another example of the replenishment mechanism. 図６のＢ−Ｂ線矢視断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 6. 従来のものの挙動を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the behavior of the conventional one.

この発明の実施形態を図面を参照しながら以下に説明する。図１は、この発明の実施形態を示し、杭１の杭頭部２の周囲の地盤に、杭頭部２が内方に位置するように凹部３が形成されている。凹部３の平面形状は円形でも四角形でもよい。凹部３の深さは、杭直径をＤとすると、地表面付近の地盤内塑性域が砂である場合２．０Ｄ〜４．０Ｄ、粘土である場合２．５Ｄに設定される。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and a recess 3 is formed on the ground around a pile head 2 of the pile 1 so that the pile head 2 is positioned inward. The planar shape of the recess 3 may be circular or square. When the pile diameter is D, the depth of the recess 3 is set to 2.0D to 4.0D when the ground plastic zone near the ground surface is sand, and 2.5D when clay is clay.

凹部３には流動性を有する粒状材料４が充填されている。粒状材料としては、砂、玉石、鉄球、プラスチック玉などを用いることができ、この場合、単独の種類とするのではなく、小径の砂から玉砂利など径が異なる数種類のものを混合し乾燥させた状態で充填することが望ましい。これにより、小径の砂などを、すり鉢状に形成される隙間の下方まで入り込ませることができる。   The recess 3 is filled with a granular material 4 having fluidity. As the granular material, sand, cobblestone, iron ball, plastic ball, etc. can be used. In this case, instead of using a single type, a mixture of several types of different diameters such as small-diameter sand and ball gravel is mixed and dried. It is desirable to fill in a dry state. Thereby, small-diameter sand etc. can enter into the lower part of the clearance gap formed in a mortar shape.

図２は、地震時における杭頭部及びその周囲に配置された粒状物４の挙動を、荷重−変位量曲線とともに示している。杭頭部２に水平力が作用して変形すると、従来例で説明したと同様に、力の作用方向に関する杭前方では、粒状材料４は上方に向かって動くのに対して、杭後方では杭の変形分、杭に向かって落ち込むように動く（同図（ａ））。   FIG. 2 shows the behavior of the pile 4 and the granular material 4 arranged around it at the time of the earthquake, together with the load-displacement curve. When the horizontal force acts on the pile head 2 and deforms, the granular material 4 moves upward at the front of the pile related to the direction of the force as described in the conventional example, whereas the pile at the rear of the pile. It moves so as to drop toward the pile by the amount of deformation ((a) in the figure).

そして、水平力の作用方向が逆になると、杭１と凹部３の下方の地盤との間には隙間が形成される現象が生じるが、上方に向かって動いた粒状材料４が下方に流動し、隙間は即座に粒状材料４で埋められる（同図（ｂ））。その結果、杭頭部の周囲には隙間が形成されることがない（同図（ｃ））。したがって、地盤反力の低下が抑制され、荷重−変位量曲線に示されているように、所期の杭水平耐力を期待することができる。   When the direction of action of the horizontal force is reversed, a phenomenon occurs in which a gap is formed between the pile 1 and the ground below the recess 3, but the granular material 4 that has moved upward flows downward. The gap is immediately filled with the granular material 4 ((b) in the figure). As a result, no gap is formed around the pile head ((c) in the figure). Therefore, the decrease in the ground reaction force is suppressed, and the expected pile horizontal strength can be expected as shown in the load-displacement amount curve.

図３は別の実施形態を示している。同図（ａ）は、地盤上に粒状材料４の補充機構５を設けたものである。その詳細は後述する。隙間に粒状材料が移動すると、補充機構５の粒状材料４が減少するので、減少量から隙間充填の効果があったかどうかを確認することができる。この粒状材料の減少分を補充機構５に補充する。   FIG. 3 shows another embodiment. FIG. 2A shows a replenishment mechanism 5 for the granular material 4 provided on the ground. Details thereof will be described later. When the granular material moves into the gap, the granular material 4 of the replenishing mechanism 5 decreases, so it can be confirmed from the amount of decrease whether the gap filling effect has been achieved. This decrease in the granular material is replenished to the replenishing mechanism 5.

同図（ｂ）は凹部内にシート材料などからなる袋６を設置し、この袋６に粒状材料４を充填したものである。袋６は杭１が貫通する穴をもつ有底のものである。粒状材料４は袋６によって拘束されることから、地盤反力の向上を期待することができる。また、袋６を防水性のものとすることにより、粒状材料４の乾燥状態を保持し、流動性を損なわないようにすることができる。   FIG. 2B shows a bag 6 made of a sheet material or the like in a recess and filled with the granular material 4. The bag 6 has a bottom with a hole through which the pile 1 passes. Since the granular material 4 is restrained by the bag 6, the ground reaction force can be expected to be improved. Moreover, by making the bag 6 waterproof, the dry state of the granular material 4 can be maintained and the fluidity can be maintained.

同図（ｃ）は粒状材料４と地盤との境界を剛性体７で仕切ったものである。剛性体７としては、例えば鋼管などを用いることができる。粒状材料４は剛性体７によって拘束されることから、杭近傍に粒状材料４が留まり、地盤反力の向上を期待することができる。なお、図３において符号１０は杭頭部２が根入れされるパイルキャップを示している。   FIG. 2C shows the boundary between the granular material 4 and the ground divided by a rigid body 7. As the rigid body 7, for example, a steel pipe or the like can be used. Since the granular material 4 is restrained by the rigid body 7, the granular material 4 stays in the vicinity of the pile, and an improvement in the ground reaction force can be expected. In addition, the code | symbol 10 has shown the pile cap in which the pile head 2 is rooted in FIG.

図４及び図５は図３（ａ）に示した補充機構５の詳細を示している。この例は、補充機構５をパイルキャップ１０内に埋め込んだものである。補充機構５は、複数（図示の例では４つ）の供給管１２からなっている。供給管１２は基礎梁１４の配筋と干渉しないように、パイルキャップ１０の四隅に鉛直向きに設けられている。これらの供給管１２の内部に粒状材料４ａが充填されている。供給管１２の下端は地盤中に設置した粒状材料４の上面に開口し、したがって供給管１２内の粒状材料４ａは粒状材料４と連続している。   4 and 5 show details of the replenishment mechanism 5 shown in FIG. In this example, the replenishing mechanism 5 is embedded in the pile cap 10. The replenishing mechanism 5 includes a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) supply pipes 12. The supply pipe 12 is provided vertically at the four corners of the pile cap 10 so as not to interfere with the reinforcement of the foundation beam 14. These supply pipes 12 are filled with a granular material 4a. The lower end of the supply pipe 12 opens on the upper surface of the granular material 4 installed in the ground, so that the granular material 4 a in the supply pipe 12 is continuous with the granular material 4.

図６及び図７は、補充機構５の別の例を示している。この例も補充機構５は複数（図示の例では４つ）の供給管１２を有しているが、供給管１２はパイルキャップ１０の外部に設けられている。供給管１２の下端には連通管１５の一端が接続され、この連通管１５はパイルキャップ１０内に埋め込まれている。そして、連通管１５の他端は地盤に設置した粒状材料４の上面であって杭頭部２の外周近傍に開口している。これら２つの補充機構５の例の作用効果は上述したとおりである。   6 and 7 show another example of the replenishing mechanism 5. In this example as well, the replenishment mechanism 5 has a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) supply pipes 12, but the supply pipes 12 are provided outside the pile cap 10. One end of a communication pipe 15 is connected to the lower end of the supply pipe 12, and the communication pipe 15 is embedded in the pile cap 10. And the other end of the communication pipe 15 is the upper surface of the granular material 4 installed on the ground, and is open near the outer periphery of the pile head 2. The effects of these two examples of the replenishing mechanism 5 are as described above.

１ 杭
２ 杭頭部
３ 凹部
４ 粒状材料 1 Pile 2 Pile Head 3 Recess 4 Granular Material

Claims (4)

地震時に杭頭部に作用する水平力によって杭頭部周囲に隙間が生じ、地盤反力が低下するのを抑制する方法であって、
杭頭部周囲の地盤に該杭頭部が内方に位置するように凹部を形成して、この凹部に流動性を有する粒状材料を充填しておき、
地震時に前記粒状材料が前記隙間に流動して、該隙間を埋めるするようにしたことを特徴とする杭頭地盤反力の低下抑制方法。 The horizontal force acting on the pile head during an earthquake creates a gap around the pile head and suppresses the decrease in ground reaction force,
A recess is formed in the ground around the pile head so that the pile head is located inward, and the recess is filled with a granular material having fluidity,
A method for suppressing a decrease in a pile head ground reaction force, wherein the granular material flows into the gap during an earthquake and fills the gap. 地盤上に前記粒状材料を補充する補充機構を設けることを特徴とする請求項１記載の杭頭地盤反力の低下抑制方法。   2. The method for suppressing a decrease in pile head ground reaction force according to claim 1, wherein a replenishment mechanism for replenishing the granular material is provided on the ground. 前記粒状材料の外周を袋で覆うことを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の杭頭地盤反力の低下抑制方法。   The method for suppressing a decrease in pile head ground reaction force according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an outer periphery of the granular material is covered with a bag. 前記粒状材料と地盤との境界を剛性体で仕切ることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の杭頭地盤反力の低下抑制方法。   The method for suppressing a decrease in a pile head ground reaction force according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a boundary between the granular material and the ground is partitioned by a rigid body.
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JP2016186159A (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-10-27 ジャパンパイル株式会社 Pile foundation repair method, pile foundation repair kit, and pile foundation structure

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JP2003064698A (en) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-05 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Pile foundation structure having enhanced horizontal frictional force of foundation bottom surface
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JPH07119167A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-09 Shimizu Corp Building structure and execution method thereof
JP2003064698A (en) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-05 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Pile foundation structure having enhanced horizontal frictional force of foundation bottom surface
JP2004250987A (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-09-09 Geotop Corp Horizontal resistance increasing method and horizontal yield strength measuring method for pile
JP2005061172A (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-03-10 East Japan Railway Co Pile head structure of pile foundation and reinforcing method of pile foundation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016186159A (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-10-27 ジャパンパイル株式会社 Pile foundation repair method, pile foundation repair kit, and pile foundation structure

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