JP2013036659A - Combustion device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion device capable of completely combusting combustion objects and shortening a combustion treatment time.SOLUTION: The combustion device 10 includes a combustion chamber 11 containing and combusting the combustion objects, an air supply means 12, 13, 14 supplying air into the combustion chamber 11 and generating a swirl flow in the combustion chamber 11, and a secondary combustion chamber 15 provided in communication with an upper part of the combustion chamber 11 for combusting unburnt components contained in combustion gas generated in connection with combustion reaction in the combustion chamber 11. The combustion chamber 11 includes furnace body 11b of an almost cylindrical shape provided in a standing manner on a fundamental structure 16, and an upper furnace body 11a provided consecutively on the upper part of the furnace body 11b to be concentric with the furnace body 11b. A retention chamber 24 is provided on a part of the secondary combustion chamber 15 for temporarily retaining the combustion gas flowing in the secondary combustion chamber 15.

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus for combusting flammable industrial waste or medical waste.

  Various technologies have been developed for incineration of combustible industrial waste and medical waste, but the main focus is to achieve complete combustion of the combustibles and shorten the combustion processing time. To improve combustion efficiency (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 4).

  The “incinerator” described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 improves combustion efficiency by forming a spiral airflow or swirl flow in the incinerator by an air flow supplied from the outside. In addition, the “combustion device” described in Patent Document 2 generates a downward swirling flow in the combustion chamber, thereby recombusting unburned components contained in the combustion gas and achieving complete combustion of the incinerated material. Is.

  On the other hand, the “incinerator apparatus” described in Patent Document 3 includes an exhaust gas processing chamber that communicates with the incinerator, and allows the combustion gas generated in the incinerator to flow into the exhaust gas processing chamber. In this case, the unburned components contained in the combustion gas are completely burned by being retained for a plurality of seconds.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-243625 JP 7-332629 A JP 2006-200768 A JP 2010-197029 A

  In the conventional combustion apparatus, various techniques such as those described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 have been developed for the purpose of completely burning the combusted material and shortening the combustion processing time. The reality is that it has not reached a sufficient level.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combustion apparatus capable of achieving complete combustion of a combusted object and shortening of the combustion treatment time.

  A combustion apparatus according to the present invention includes a combustion chamber that contains and burns an object to be burned, an air supply unit that supplies air into the combustion chamber to generate a swirling flow, and a combustion reaction in the combustion chamber. A secondary combustion chamber provided in communication with the combustion chamber for burning unburned components contained in the combustion gas generated therewith, and a plurality of different heights in the combustion chamber as the air supply means A plurality of air supply paths for supplying air toward the region, and a control mechanism capable of independently changing the air supply amounts of the plurality of air supply paths are provided.

  With this configuration, by supplying air into the combustion chamber by the air supply means and generating a swirling flow in the combustion chamber, the combustion reaction of the combustion object can be promoted, Necessary for combustion of unburned components contained in the combustion gas rising in the combustion chamber by supplying the air supply from each air supply path to multiple areas with different heights while independently controlling Since an appropriate amount of air can be fed accurately, the combustible can be burned in a short time. Furthermore, since the unburned components remaining in the combustion gas flowing from the combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber undergo a combustion reaction even in the process of passing through the secondary combustion chamber, complete combustion of the combusted material can be achieved. .

  Here, a plurality of the air supply paths are divided into a hollow peripheral wall including an inner peripheral wall forming the combustion chamber and an outer peripheral wall provided around the inner peripheral wall with a gap therebetween, and a plurality of ventilation holes having different heights in the gap. Partition walls that are divided into paths, a plurality of blowers that send air into each of the ventilation paths, and an outlet provided in the inner peripheral wall for blowing out the air flowing in the ventilation paths toward the combustion chamber; Can be formed.

  With such a configuration, an appropriate amount of air can be supplied from a plurality of air supply paths to a plurality of regions having different heights in the combustion chamber by independently controlling the air flow rates of the plurality of blowers. It is also possible to avoid complication of the air supply piping and the air supply amount adjusting mechanism.

  On the other hand, the combustion chamber may be provided with auxiliary air supply means capable of blowing an air flow in a direction to suppress the movement of the unburned components from the combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber. With this configuration, the unburned components that are about to move from the combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber are recirculated into the combustion chamber by the air flow blown out from the auxiliary air supply means, and burned in the combustion chamber. It is effective in planning.

  In this case, it is desirable that the blowing direction of the air flow from the sub air supply means can be changed. With such a configuration, the direction of the air flow from the auxiliary air supply means depends on the flow status of the combustion gas moving from the combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber, the distribution status of the unburned components in the combustion gas, and the like. Therefore, it is effective for complete combustion of the combusted material.

  Furthermore, a residence chamber for temporarily retaining the combustion gas flowing in the secondary combustion chamber may be provided in a part of the secondary combustion chamber. With such a configuration, the combustion gas flowing in the secondary combustion chamber is temporarily retained in the retention chamber, so that unburned components remaining in the combustion gas can be combusted. It is effective for.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a combustion apparatus capable of achieving complete combustion of a combusted object and shortening of a combustion processing time.

1 is a partially omitted front view showing a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a vertical sectional view of the combustion apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing in the AA of FIG. FIG. 2 is a left side view of a combustion chamber part of the combustion apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing in the BB line of FIG. It is an enlarged view of the furnace main-body part which comprises the combustion chamber shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted rear view of a combustion chamber portion constituting the combustion device shown in FIG. 1. It is an enlarged view of the furnace main-body part which comprises the combustion chamber shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 5.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a combustion apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment includes a combustion chamber 11 that contains and burns an object to be combusted (not shown), and a combustion chamber that supplies air into the combustion chamber 11. Air supply means 12, 13, and 14 for generating a swirling flow in the combustion chamber 11, and an upper portion of the combustion chamber 11 for communicating unburned components contained in the combustion gas generated by the combustion reaction in the combustion chamber 11. And a secondary combustion chamber 15 provided. The combustion chamber 11 includes a substantially cylindrical furnace main body 11b erected on the foundation structure 16, and a substantially cylindrical upper furnace continuously provided above the furnace main body 11b so as to be concentric with the furnace main body 11b. And a body 11a.

  A primary burner 17 that radiates a flame toward the vicinity of the bottom in the furnace body 11b is disposed on the peripheral wall of the furnace body 11b, and an ash outlet 18 and a cleaning port 28 that can be opened and closed are provided at the lower part of the furnace body 11b. ing. 1 and 2 show a state in which one primary burner 17 is disposed near the lower end of the furnace body 11b. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and depending on the type and properties of the combustible material 29, FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of burners 17, 17a, 17b, 17c are arranged at a distance in the height direction of the furnace body 11b, or any one of the plurality of burners 17, 17a, 17b, 17c is selected. Can be arranged.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, on the top of the furnace body 11b, a temperature sensor 19 for measuring the temperature in the furnace body 11b, a viewing window 20 for visually confirming the inside of the furnace body 11b, Is provided, and an open / close-type charging port 21 is provided in a part of the peripheral wall of the upper furnace body 11a located on the furnace body 11b to allow the combustible material 29 to enter the furnace body 11b. Moreover, the conveyor 35 for conveying the to-be-combusted material 29 to the insertion port 21 and throwing it into the furnace main body 11b is installed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the secondary combustion chamber 15 arranged in communication with the upper portion of the upper furnace body 11 a is reduced in an inverted funnel shape from the upper furnace body 11 a toward the secondary combustion chamber 15. A reduced diameter portion 22 is provided, and a secondary burner 23 for injecting a flame into the reduced diameter portion 22 is disposed on the peripheral wall of the reduced diameter portion 22.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a vertical flow path 15v that forms the secondary combustion chamber 15 is provided above the reduced diameter portion 22, and a discharge port 15a is provided at the upper end of the vertical flow path 15v. The lower part of the rectangular parallelepiped box-like retention chamber 24 communicates with the downstream side of the horizontal flow path 15h branched from the middle of the path 15v, and the exhaust flow path 15b extends in the horizontal direction from the upper part of the retention chamber 24. The exhaust passage 15b is provided at a position higher than the horizontal passage 15h. Temperature sensors 25 and 36 for measuring respective internal temperatures are provided at the lower part of the vertical flow path 15v and the upper part of the staying chamber 24. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, refractory materials G1, G2, and G3 are respectively formed on the inner surface of the inner peripheral wall 26b of the furnace body 11b, the inner surface of the upper furnace body 11, and the inner surface of the secondary combustion chamber 15. It is attached.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, as the air supply means 12, 13, and 14, a plurality of air supply paths 12 a that supply air toward a plurality of regions having different heights in the furnace body 11 constituting the combustion chamber 11. , 13a, 14a, and a control mechanism 30 capable of independently changing the air supply amounts of the plurality of air supply paths 12a, 13a, 14a. As shown in FIG. 5, the control mechanism 30 independently provides a plurality of blowers 32, 33, and 34 that send air to the air supply paths 12 a, 13 a, and 14 a and the blower outputs of these blowers 32, 33, and 34, respectively. And a control circuit 31 that can be increased or decreased.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the plurality of air supply paths 12 a, 13 a, and 14 a include a plurality of ventilation paths v <b> 1, v <b> 2, v <b> 3, and v <b> 4 provided in the hollow peripheral wall 26 of the furnace body 11. A plurality of blowers 32, 33, 34 for sending air into the paths v1, v2, v3, v4, and a plurality of outlets for blowing out the air flowing in the ventilation paths v1, v2, v3, v4 toward the furnace body 11b. 11d, 12b, 13b, and 14b. The air supply path 12a communicates with the ventilation paths v1 and v2, the air supply path 13a communicates with the ventilation path v3, and the air supply path 14a communicates with the ventilation path v4.

  The hollow peripheral wall 26 is composed of a cylindrical inner peripheral wall 26b that forms the furnace body 11b and a cylindrical outer peripheral wall 26a that is provided around the inner peripheral wall 26b with a gap V therebetween, and a plurality of different heights are provided in the gap V. A plurality of ventilation paths v1, v2, v3, and v4 are formed by arranging the horizontal partition walls w1, w2, and w3. The plurality of outlets 11d, 12b, 13b, and 14b are each formed of a tapered tubular member, and are opened from the inner peripheral wall 26b toward the inside of the furnace body 11 in communication with the ventilation paths v1, v2, v3, and v4. Has been. The outlet 11d communicates with the ventilation path v1, the outlet 12b communicates with the ventilation path v2, the outlet 13b communicates with the ventilation path v3, and the outlet 14b communicates with the ventilation path v4.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 9, the plurality of outlets 12b are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall 26b of the furnace body 11b, and deviated from the axis 11c of the furnace body 11b. It arrange | positions so that air may be blown off in the arrow X direction (direction parallel to the tangent direction of the inner peripheral wall 26b). The plurality of outlets 13b and 14b are also arranged in the same manner as the plurality of outlets 12b shown in FIG. 5, but the plurality of outlets 11d located at the uppermost stage of the furnace main body 11b are respectively lower parts of the furnace main body 11b. It is arrange | positioned in the state inclined diagonally so that air might be blown out toward. In addition, the mechanism which can change the inclination-angle of several blower outlet 11d can also be provided.

  Here, based on FIGS. 1-9, the usage, operation | movement, function, etc. of the combustion apparatus 10 are demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 4, a combustible material 29 such as flammable industrial waste or medical waste is introduced into the combustion chamber 11 from the inlet 21 of the combustion apparatus 10 shown in FIG. In this case, since the combusted material 29 is input by the conveyor 35, it is not necessary for the worker to touch the combusted material 29 during the input operation.

  When the amount of the combusted material charged into the combustion chamber 11 reaches a predetermined amount, the inlet 21 is closed, and the primary burner 17 (primary burners 17a, 17b, 17c if necessary) is ignited. After the passage of time (for example, about 30 seconds), a plurality of blowers 32, 33, and 34 are operated, and air is blown into the furnace main body 11b of the combustion chamber 11 via the plurality of air supply paths 12a, 13a, and 14a. The secondary burner 23 is ignited. After that, when the primary burner 17 and the secondary burner 23 are stopped when the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 11 reaches 850 ° C., the self-combustion continuously occurs due to the combustibility of the combustible. When the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 11 is lowered to 850 ° C. or lower, the primary burner 17 and the secondary burner 23 are automatically ignited.

  In the combustion process described above, the air blown into the furnace main body 11b via the plurality of air supply paths 12a, 13a, 14a is sent from the outlets 12b, 13b, 14b to the furnace as shown in FIGS. Since it blows out into the main body 11b along the arrow X direction and a swirl flow R in a certain direction (for example, clockwise in plan view) is generated in the combustion chamber 11, the combustion reaction of the combusted material can be promoted. .

  Further, by supplying the air supply amounts from the respective air supply paths 12a, 13a, and 14a to the plurality of regions having different heights in the furnace main body 11b of the combustion chamber 11 independently of each other, Since an amount of air necessary for combustion of unburned components contained in the combustion gas rising in the furnace main body 11b can be accurately sent, the combustible can be burned in a short time. Further, the unburned component remaining in the combustion gas flowing from the combustion chamber 11 to the secondary combustion chamber 15 undergoes a combustion reaction in the process of passing through the secondary combustion chamber 15, so that the combusted material is completely burned. be able to.

  On the other hand, by providing the residence chamber 24 in a part of the secondary combustion chamber 15, the residence chamber 15 remains in a high temperature state (for example, a high temperature state of about 800 ° C.) while the combustion gas flowing in the secondary combustion chamber 15 remains. Since the unburned components remaining in the combustion gas can be burned by temporarily staying inside (for example, staying for 2 seconds), it is effective for complete combustion of the combusted material.

  The combustion gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 15 passes through a cyclone dust collector, a cooling device, and a cooling device (all not shown) arranged in series downstream of the exhaust passage 15b of the secondary combustion chamber 15. Then, it is discharged to a predetermined place.

  As described above, in the combustion apparatus 10, the plurality of air supply paths 12 a, 13 a, and 14 a are divided into the hollow peripheral wall 26 including the inner peripheral wall 26 b and the outer peripheral wall 26 a provided around the inner peripheral wall 26 b with the gap V therebetween. A plurality of horizontal partition walls w1 to w3 that divide the inside of V into a plurality of ventilation paths v1 to v4 having different heights, a plurality of blowers 32, 33, and 34 that send air into the ventilation paths 12a to 14a, and the ventilation paths 12a to 12a. In order to blow out the air which flows in 14a toward the inside of the furnace main body 11b, it forms with the blower outlets 11d, 12b, 13b, 14b provided in the inner peripheral wall 26b.

  Therefore, by independently controlling the blast volume of the plurality of blowers 32, 33, 34 by the control circuit 31, respectively, the plurality of air supply paths 12a, An appropriate amount of air can be supplied from each of 13a and 14a, and simplification of an air supply pipe, an air supply amount adjusting mechanism, and the like can be achieved.

  Further, a plurality of outlets are provided as auxiliary air supply means capable of blowing an air flow in the direction of suppressing movement of unburned components from the furnace main body 11b to the secondary combustion chamber 15 into the furnace main body 11b of the combustion chamber 11. 11d is provided. As a result, the unburned components to be moved from the furnace main body 11b into the secondary combustion chamber 15 are recirculated into the furnace main body 11b by the descending air flow blown out from the plurality of outlets 11d, and are regenerated in the furnace main body 11b. Since it burns, it is effective in achieving complete combustion.

  In addition, if the blowing direction of the airflow from the sub air supply means (the plurality of outlets 11d) can be changed, the flow of the combustion gas moving from the combustion chamber 11 (furnace body 11b) into the secondary combustion chamber 15 Effective for complete combustion of the combusted material because the direction of the air flow from the auxiliary air supply means (plurality of outlets 11d) can be set according to the situation and the distribution of unburned components in the combustion gas. It is.

  The combustion apparatus 10 described based on FIGS. 1 to 8 shows an example of a combustion apparatus according to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the combustion apparatus 10. The components of the present invention can be set according to properties or processing conditions.

  It can be widely used in various industrial fields as an apparatus for combusting flammable industrial waste or medical waste.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Combustion apparatus 11 Combustion chamber 11a Upper furnace body 11b Furnace main body 11c Shaft center 11d, 12b, 13b, 14b Air outlet 12, 13, 14 Air supply means 12a, 13a, 14a Air supply path 15 Secondary combustion chamber 15a Explosion-proof opening 15b Exhaust path 15h Horizontal flow path 15v Vertical flow path 16 Base structure 17, 17a, 17b, 17c Primary burner 18 Ash outlet 19, 25, 36 Temperature sensor 20 Viewing window 21 Input port 22 Reduced diameter portion 23 Secondary burner 24 Retention chamber 26 hollow peripheral wall 26a outer peripheral wall 26b inner peripheral wall 28 cleaning port 29 burned object 30 control mechanism 31 control circuit 32, 33, 34 blower 35 conveyor G1, G2, G3 refractory material R spiral flow V gap v1, v2, v3, v4 ventilation Path v1, w2, w3 Horizontal bulkhead

Claims (5)

  A combustion chamber for containing and burning the combustible, an air supply means for supplying air into the combustion chamber to generate a swirling flow, and a combustion gas generated by a combustion reaction in the combustion chamber A secondary combustion chamber provided in communication with the combustion chamber for burning unburned components contained therein, and supplying air toward the plurality of regions having different heights in the combustion chamber as the air supply means And a control mechanism capable of independently changing the amount of air supplied to each of the plurality of air supply paths.   The plurality of air supply paths are divided into a hollow peripheral wall including an inner peripheral wall forming the combustion chamber and an outer peripheral wall provided around the inner peripheral wall with a gap therebetween, and a plurality of ventilation paths having different heights inside the gap. Partition walls, a plurality of blowers for sending air into each of the ventilation paths, and an outlet provided in the inner peripheral wall for blowing out the air flowing in the ventilation paths toward the combustion chamber. The combustion apparatus according to claim 1.   The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion chamber is provided with auxiliary air supply means capable of blowing an air flow in a direction in which movement of the unburned components from the combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber is suppressed.   The combustion apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a blowing direction of an air flow from the auxiliary air supply means can be changed.   The combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a residence chamber for temporarily retaining the combustion gas flowing in the secondary combustion chamber is provided in a part of the secondary combustion chamber.

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