JP2013030275A - Electricity storage device and work machine mounted with electricity storage device - Google Patents

Electricity storage device and work machine mounted with electricity storage device Download PDF

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JP2013030275A
JP2013030275A JP2011163461A JP2011163461A JP2013030275A JP 2013030275 A JP2013030275 A JP 2013030275A JP 2011163461 A JP2011163461 A JP 2011163461A JP 2011163461 A JP2011163461 A JP 2011163461A JP 2013030275 A JP2013030275 A JP 2013030275A
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Kazushi Funakoshi
一志 船越
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electricity storage device having higher capacity and capable of performing high output operation.SOLUTION: In the electricity storage device, a first positive electrode layer is formed on a surface of a positive electrode to constitute a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate is superposed on the positive electrode plate. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode collector and first and second negative electrode layers laminated on the negative electrode collector. A separator is arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer include a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material which perform charge/discharge by an oxidation reduction reaction, respectively. An electrolyte acting as a secondary battery, together with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is impregnated in the separator. The second negative electrode layer includes a porous material, and an electrical double layer is formed at an interface between the second negative electrode layer and the electrolyte.

Description

本発明は、蓄電装置、及び蓄電装置を搭載した作業機械に関する。   The present invention relates to a power storage device and a work machine equipped with the power storage device.

ハイブリッド型作業機械の電源として、電気二重層キャパシタやリチウムイオン二次電池等が注目されている。電気二重層キャパシタは、リチウムイオン二次電池に比べて大きな出力電力を得ることができるが、エネルギ密度が低い。逆に、リチウムイオン二次電池は、電気二重層キャパシタに比べて、高いエネルギ密度を実現することができるが、取り出せる出力電力が小さい。   Electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion secondary batteries, and the like have attracted attention as power sources for hybrid work machines. An electric double layer capacitor can obtain a larger output power than a lithium ion secondary battery, but has a low energy density. Conversely, a lithium ion secondary battery can achieve a higher energy density than an electric double layer capacitor, but the output power that can be extracted is small.

両者の長所を併せ持ったリチウムイオンキャパシタ等のハイブリッドキャパシタが知られている。   Hybrid capacitors such as lithium ion capacitors having the advantages of both are known.

特開２００６−３３１７０２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-331702 特開２００６−４０７４８号公報JP 2006-40748 A

本発明の目的は、より大容量で、かつ高出力動作可能な蓄電装置を提供することである。本発明の他の目的は、この蓄電装置を搭載した作業機械を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device having a larger capacity and capable of high output operation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a work machine equipped with this power storage device.

本発明の一観点によると、
正極集電体、及び前記正極集電体の表面に形成された第１の正極層を含む正極板と、
前記正極板に重ねられ、負極集電体、及び前記負極集電体の上に積層された第１及び第２の負極層を含む負極板と、
前記正極板と前記負極板との間に配置されたセパレータと
を有し、
前記第１の正極層及び前記第１の負極層は、それぞれ酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う正極活物質及び負極活物質を含み、
前記セパレータには、前記正極活物質及び前記負極活物質とともに二次電池として動作する電解液が含浸されており、
前記第２の負極層は多孔質材料を含み、前記第２の負極層と前記電解液との界面に電気二重層が形成される蓄電装置が提供される。 According to one aspect of the invention,
A positive electrode plate including a positive electrode current collector and a first positive electrode layer formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector;
A negative electrode plate including a negative electrode current collector and a first negative electrode layer and a second negative electrode layer stacked on the negative electrode current collector;
Having a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate;
Each of the first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer includes a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material that are charged and discharged by a redox reaction,
The separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that operates as a secondary battery together with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material,
The second negative electrode layer includes a porous material, and a power storage device is provided in which an electric double layer is formed at an interface between the second negative electrode layer and the electrolytic solution.

本発明の他の観点によると、
積層方向に積み重ねられ、直列接続された複数の蓄電セルと、
前記蓄電セルに積層方向の圧縮力を印加する加圧機構と
を有し、
前記蓄電セルの各々は、
交互に積み重ねられた正極板及び負極板と、
前記正極板と前記負極板との間に配置されたセパレータと、
前記正極板、前記負極板、及び前記セパレータを収容する蓄電容器と
を含み、
前記正極板は、
正極集電体、及び前記正極集電体の両面に形成された第１の正極層を含み、
前記負極板は、
負極集電体、及び前記負極集電体の両面に積層された第１及び第２の負極層を含み、
前記第１の正極層及び前記第１の負極層は、それぞれ酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う正極活物質及び負極活物質を含み、
前記セパレータには、前記正極活物質及び前記負極活物質とともに二次電池として動作する電解液が含浸されており、
前記第２の負極層は多孔質材料を含み、前記第２の負極層と前記電解液との界面に電気二重層が形成される蓄電装置が提供される。 According to another aspect of the invention,
A plurality of storage cells stacked in a stacking direction and connected in series;
A pressure mechanism that applies a compressive force in the stacking direction to the electricity storage cell,
Each of the storage cells
Alternately stacked positive and negative plates,
A separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate;
Including the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and a storage container containing the separator,
The positive electrode plate is
A positive electrode current collector, and a first positive electrode layer formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector,
The negative electrode plate is
A negative electrode current collector, and first and second negative electrode layers laminated on both sides of the negative electrode current collector,
Each of the first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer includes a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material that are charged and discharged by a redox reaction,
The separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that operates as a secondary battery together with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material,
The second negative electrode layer includes a porous material, and a power storage device is provided in which an electric double layer is formed at an interface between the second negative electrode layer and the electrolytic solution.

さらに、本発明の他の観点によると、
上記蓄電装置を搭載した作業機械が提供される。 Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention,
A work machine equipped with the power storage device is provided.

第１の正極層及び第１の負極層が二次電池として動作するため、高いエネルギ密度を実現することができる。第２の負極層が電気二重層キャパシタとして動作するため、大きな充放電電流に対応することが可能である。   Since the first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer operate as a secondary battery, a high energy density can be realized. Since the second negative electrode layer operates as an electric double layer capacitor, it is possible to cope with a large charge / discharge current.

図１Ａは、実施例１による蓄電装置の断面図であり、図１Ｂは、実施例１の変形例による蓄電装置の断面図である。1A is a cross-sectional view of a power storage device according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a power storage device according to a modification of the first embodiment. 図２は、実施例１による蓄電装置の等価回路図である。FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the power storage device according to the first embodiment. 図３は、実施例２による蓄電装置の積層部分の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the stacked portion of the power storage device according to the second embodiment. 図４Ａは、実施例２による蓄電装置の平面図であり、図４Ｂは、図４Ａの一点鎖線４Ｂ−４Ｂにおける断面図である。4A is a plan view of the power storage device according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 4B-4B in FIG. 4A. 図５Ａ及び図５Ｂは、実施例３による蓄電装置の断面図である。5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of the power storage device according to the third embodiment. 図６は、実施例４による作業機械の部分破断側面図である。FIG. 6 is a partially broken side view of the work machine according to the fourth embodiment.

［実施例１］
図１Ａに、実施例１による蓄電装置の断面図を示す。正極板１０と負極板２０との間に、セパレータ３０が挟まれている。正極板１０は、正極集電体１１、及びその上に積層された第１の正極層１２、第２の正極層１３を含む。第２の正極層１３に、セパレータ３０が接している。負極板２０は、負極集電体２１、及びその上に積層された第１の負極層２２、第２の負極層２３を含む。第２の負極層２３に、セパレータ３０が接している。 [Example 1]
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a power storage device according to the first embodiment. A separator 30 is sandwiched between the positive electrode plate 10 and the negative electrode plate 20. The positive electrode plate 10 includes a positive electrode current collector 11, and a first positive electrode layer 12 and a second positive electrode layer 13 stacked thereon. The separator 30 is in contact with the second positive electrode layer 13. The negative electrode plate 20 includes a negative electrode current collector 21, and a first negative electrode layer 22 and a second negative electrode layer 23 stacked thereon. The separator 30 is in contact with the second negative electrode layer 23.

正極集電体１１及び負極集電体２１には、例えば金属箔が用いられる。一例として、負極集電体２１には、厚さ約１４μｍの銅箔が用いられ、正極集電体１１には、厚さ約２０μｍのアルミニウム箔が用いられる。   For the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21, for example, a metal foil is used. As an example, a copper foil having a thickness of about 14 μm is used for the negative electrode current collector 21, and an aluminum foil having a thickness of about 20 μm is used for the positive electrode current collector 11.

第１の正極層１２及び第１の負極層２２は、それぞれ二次電池の正極及び負極として作用する。例えば、第１の正極層１２は、酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う粉末状の正極活物質とバインダとの混合物を成形したものであり、第１の負極層２２は、酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う粉末状の負極活物質とバインダとの混合物を成形したものである。なお、第１の正極層１２及び第１の負極層２２に、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック等の導電剤を添加することが好ましい。   The first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22 function as a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the secondary battery, respectively. For example, the first positive electrode layer 12 is a mixture of a powdered positive electrode active material that is charged and discharged by an oxidation-reduction reaction and a binder, and the first negative electrode layer 22 is charged and discharged by an oxidation-reduction reaction. A mixture of a powdered negative electrode active material and a binder is formed. Note that a conductive agent such as carbon black or acetylene black is preferably added to the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22.

一例として、リチウムイオン二次電池を構成する場合には、正極材料として、コバルト酸リチウム、マンガン酸リチウム、リン酸鉄リチウム等が用いられ、負極材料として、黒鉛、チタン酸リチウム、ケイ素等が用いられる。鉛二次電池を構成する場合には、正極材料として酸化鉛が用いられ、負極材料として鉛が用いられる。   As an example, when constituting a lithium ion secondary battery, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, etc. are used as the positive electrode material, and graphite, lithium titanate, silicon, etc. are used as the negative electrode material. It is done. When constituting a lead secondary battery, lead oxide is used as a positive electrode material, and lead is used as a negative electrode material.

第２の正極層１３及び第２の負極層２３は、電気二重層キャパシタの分極性電極として作用する。第２の正極層１３及び第２の負極層２３は、例えば、活性炭、カーボンナノチューブ等の多孔質材料の粉体と結合剤（バインダ）との混合物を成形したものである。なお、第１の正極層１２及び第１の負極層２２に、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック等の導電剤を添加することが好ましい。   The second positive electrode layer 13 and the second negative electrode layer 23 function as polarizable electrodes of the electric double layer capacitor. The second positive electrode layer 13 and the second negative electrode layer 23 are formed by molding a mixture of a powder of a porous material such as activated carbon or carbon nanotube and a binder (binder). Note that a conductive agent such as carbon black or acetylene black is preferably added to the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22.

セパレータ３０には、イオン透過性を有し、正極板１０と負極板２０とを電気的に分離することができる材料が用いられる。一例として、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、セルロース、セロハン等の多孔質フィルムが用いられる。   For the separator 30, a material having ion permeability and capable of electrically separating the positive electrode plate 10 and the negative electrode plate 20 is used. As an example, a porous film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose, cellophane, or the like is used.

セパレータ３０には、電解液が含浸されている。この電解液は、第１の正極層１２と第１の負極層２２とで構成される二次電池用の電解液、及び第２の正極層１３と第２の負極層２３とで構成される電気二重層キャパシタ用の電解液として機能する。第１の正極層１２と第１の負極層２２とがリチウムイオン二次電池を構成する場合には、例えば、電解液の溶質としてＬｉＰＦ６が用いられ、溶媒には、エチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートとの混合液が用いられる。第１の正極層１２と第１の負極層２２とが鉛二次電池を構成する場合には、電解液として硫酸が用いられる。第２の正極層１３を構成する多孔質材料と電解液との界面、及び第２の負極層２３を構成する多孔質材料と電解液との界面に、電気二重層が形成される。 The separator 30 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution. This electrolytic solution is composed of a secondary battery electrolytic solution composed of the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22, and a second positive electrode layer 13 and a second negative electrode layer 23. It functions as an electrolyte for electric double layer capacitors. When the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22 form a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, LiPF 6 is used as the solute of the electrolytic solution, and the solvent includes ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. Is used. In the case where the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22 constitute a lead secondary battery, sulfuric acid is used as the electrolytic solution. Electric double layers are formed at the interface between the porous material constituting the second positive electrode layer 13 and the electrolytic solution and at the interface between the porous material constituting the second negative electrode layer 23 and the electrolytic solution.

図２を参照して、実施例１による蓄電装置の動作について説明する。第１の正極層１２及び第１の負極層２２が二次電池Ｖとして動作するときには、第２の正極層１３及び第２の負極層２３が、それぞれ抵抗Ｒｐ１、Ｒｎ１として動作する。第２の正極層１３及び第２の負極層２３が電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎとして動作するときには、第１の正極層１２及び第１の負極層２２が、それぞれ抵抗Ｒｐ２、Ｒｎ２として動作する。   With reference to FIG. 2, the operation of the power storage device according to the first embodiment will be described. When the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22 operate as the secondary battery V, the second positive electrode layer 13 and the second negative electrode layer 23 operate as the resistors Rp1 and Rn1, respectively. When the second positive electrode layer 13 and the second negative electrode layer 23 operate as electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn, the first positive electrode layer 12 and the first negative electrode layer 22 operate as resistors Rp2 and Rn2, respectively.

大きな出力（大きな放電電流）が必要なときには、主として電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎから放電される。また、大きな電流で充電を行う場合には、主として電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎに充電が行われる。また、二次電池Ｖによって、高いエネルギ密度を実現することができる。   When a large output (a large discharge current) is required, the electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn are mainly discharged. Further, when charging with a large current, the electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn are mainly charged. Further, the secondary battery V can realize a high energy density.

電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎの蓄電量が低下した場合には、二次電池Ｖからの放電電流によって電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎに充電が行われる。電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎの蓄電量が大きくなると、電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎからの放電電流によって二次電池Ｖに充電が行われる。   When the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn decreases, the electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn are charged by the discharge current from the secondary battery V. When the amount of electricity stored in the electric double layer capacitors Cp, Cn increases, the secondary battery V is charged by the discharge current from the electric double layer capacitors Cp, Cn.

上述のように、実施例１による蓄電装置は、電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ、Ｃｎが、大きな出力の要請に対応し、かつ二次電池Ｖによって、高いエネルギ密度を確保することができる。   As described above, in the power storage device according to the first embodiment, the electric double layer capacitors Cp and Cn can meet the demand for a large output, and the secondary battery V can ensure a high energy density.

なお、正極側で電気二重層キャパシタＣｐが動作し、負極側で二次電池Ｖの第１の負極層２２の酸化還元反応が生じる場合もある。逆に、負極側で電気二重層キャパシタＣｎが動作し、正極側で二次電池Ｖの第１の正極層１２の酸化還元反応が生じる場合もある。   In some cases, the electric double layer capacitor Cp operates on the positive electrode side, and the redox reaction of the first negative electrode layer 22 of the secondary battery V occurs on the negative electrode side. Conversely, the electric double layer capacitor Cn may operate on the negative electrode side, and the redox reaction of the first positive electrode layer 12 of the secondary battery V may occur on the positive electrode side.

上記実施例１では、第１の正極層１２の上に第２の正極層１３を積層したが、積層順を逆にしてもよい。すなわち、正極集電体１１の上に第２の正極層１３を形成し、その上に、第１の正極層１２を形成してもよい。また、第１の負極層２２と第２の負極層２３との積層順を逆にしてもよい。すなわち、負極集電体２１の上に第２の負極層２３を形成し、その上に、第１の負極層２２を形成してもよい。   In the first embodiment, the second positive electrode layer 13 is laminated on the first positive electrode layer 12, but the order of lamination may be reversed. That is, the second positive electrode layer 13 may be formed on the positive electrode current collector 11, and the first positive electrode layer 12 may be formed thereon. Further, the stacking order of the first negative electrode layer 22 and the second negative electrode layer 23 may be reversed. That is, the second negative electrode layer 23 may be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21, and the first negative electrode layer 22 may be formed thereon.

図１Ｂに、実施例１の変形例による蓄電装置の断面図を示す。この変形例では、図１Ａに示した実施例１による蓄電装置から、第２の正極層１３が取り除かれている。この変形例においては、第２の負極層２３が電気二重層キャパシタＣｎ（図２）として機能し、電気二重層キャパシタＣｐ（図２）に相当するキャパシタは形成されない。   FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view of a power storage device according to a modification of the first embodiment. In this modification, the second positive electrode layer 13 is removed from the power storage device according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this modification, the second negative electrode layer 23 functions as the electric double layer capacitor Cn (FIG. 2), and no capacitor corresponding to the electric double layer capacitor Cp (FIG. 2) is formed.

このように、第２の正極層１３を取り除いても、電気二重層キャパシタ及び二次電池の双方の充放電動作を行うことができる。   Thus, even if the 2nd positive electrode layer 13 is removed, charging / discharging operation | movement of both an electric double layer capacitor and a secondary battery can be performed.

［実施例２］
図３に、実施例２による蓄電装置の電極の積層構造の断面図を示す。以下、実施例１による蓄電装置との相違点について説明し、同一の構成については説明を省略する。 [Example 2]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the laminated structure of the electrodes of the power storage device according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, differences from the power storage device according to the first embodiment will be described, and description of the same configuration will be omitted.

実施例１では、正極板１０が、正極集電体１１と、その片面のみに積層された第１及び第２の正極層１２、１３で構成されており、負極板２０が、負極集電体２１、及びその片面のみに積層された第１及び第２の負極層２２、２３で構成されていた。実施例２においては、正極板１０が、正極集電体１１、及びその両面に積層された第１及び第２の正極層１２、１３で構成される。同様に、負極板２０も、負極集電体２１、及びその両面に積層された第１及び第２の負極層２２、２３で構成される。   In Example 1, the positive electrode plate 10 is composed of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the first and second positive electrode layers 12 and 13 laminated on only one surface thereof, and the negative electrode plate 20 is composed of the negative electrode current collector. 21 and the first and second negative electrode layers 22 and 23 laminated only on one side thereof. In Example 2, the positive electrode plate 10 includes a positive electrode current collector 11 and first and second positive electrode layers 12 and 13 stacked on both surfaces thereof. Similarly, the negative electrode plate 20 also includes a negative electrode current collector 21 and first and second negative electrode layers 22 and 23 laminated on both surfaces thereof.

実施例１と同様に、第１の正極層１１と第２の正極層１２との積層順を逆にしてもよいし、第１の負極層２１と第２の負極層２２との積層順を逆にしてもよい。   Similar to Example 1, the stacking order of the first positive electrode layer 11 and the second positive electrode layer 12 may be reversed, or the stacking order of the first negative electrode layer 21 and the second negative electrode layer 22 may be reversed. It may be reversed.

複数の正極板１０及び負極板２０が、交互に積み重ねられている。正極板１０と負極板２０との間に、セパレータ３０が配置されている。複数の正極集電体１１は、相互に電気的に接続されており、複数の負極集電体２１も、相互に電気的に接続されている。   A plurality of positive plates 10 and negative plates 20 are alternately stacked. A separator 30 is disposed between the positive electrode plate 10 and the negative electrode plate 20. The plurality of positive electrode current collectors 11 are electrically connected to each other, and the plurality of negative electrode current collectors 21 are also electrically connected to each other.

図４Ａに、実施例２による蓄電装置の平面図を示す。正極板１０、負極板２０、及びセパレータ３０が、蓄電容器３５内に収容されている。蓄電容器３５には、例えばアルミラミネートフィルムが用いられる。   FIG. 4A is a plan view of the power storage device according to the second embodiment. The positive electrode plate 10, the negative electrode plate 20, and the separator 30 are accommodated in the electricity storage container 35. For the power storage container 35, for example, an aluminum laminate film is used.

正極板１０は、相対的に大きな長方形の部分（蓄電部分）１０Ａと、その１つの縁の端部近傍に連続する相対的に小さな長方形の部分（接続部分）１０Ｂとで構成される。第１及び第２の正極層１２、１３（図３）は、蓄電部分１０Ａに形成されており、接続部分１０Ｂにおいては、正極集電体１１が露出している。   The positive electrode plate 10 is composed of a relatively large rectangular portion (electric storage portion) 10A and a relatively small rectangular portion (connection portion) 10B continuous in the vicinity of the end of one edge thereof. The first and second positive electrode layers 12 and 13 (FIG. 3) are formed in the electricity storage portion 10A, and the positive electrode current collector 11 is exposed in the connection portion 10B.

負極板２０も、同様に蓄電部分２０Ａと、接続部分２０Ｂとで構成される。第１及び第２の負極層２２、２３（図３）は、蓄電部分２０Ａに形成されており、接続部分２０Ｂにおいては、負極集電体２１が露出している。   Similarly, the negative electrode plate 20 includes a power storage portion 20A and a connection portion 20B. The first and second negative electrode layers 22 and 23 (FIG. 3) are formed in the electricity storage portion 20A, and the negative electrode current collector 21 is exposed in the connection portion 20B.

正極板１０の蓄電部分１０Ａと、負極板２０の蓄電部分２０Ａとが重ねられている。セパレータ３０は、蓄電部分１０Ａ、２０Ａの縁よりも外側まで張り出している。接続部分１０Ｂ、２０Ｂは、セパレータ３０の縁よりも外側まで延びている。セパレータ３０の外側において、複数の正極板１０の接続部分１０Ｂ同士が重ねられており、負極板２０の接続部分２０Ｂ同士が重ねられている。正極板１０の接続部分１０Ｂと、負極板２０の接続部分２０Ｂとは、相互に離れた位置に配置される。具体的には、蓄電部分１０Ａ、２０Ａの対応する縁の、相互に反対側の端部近傍に、接続部分１０Ｂと２０Ｂとが配置される。   The power storage portion 10A of the positive electrode plate 10 and the power storage portion 20A of the negative electrode plate 20 are overlapped. Separator 30 extends to the outside of the edges of power storage portions 10A and 20A. The connection portions 10 </ b> B and 20 </ b> B extend to the outside of the edge of the separator 30. Outside the separator 30, the connection portions 10 </ b> B of the plurality of positive electrode plates 10 are overlapped, and the connection portions 20 </ b> B of the negative electrode plate 20 are overlapped. The connecting portion 10B of the positive electrode plate 10 and the connecting portion 20B of the negative electrode plate 20 are arranged at positions separated from each other. Specifically, connection portions 10B and 20B are arranged near the opposite ends of the corresponding edges of power storage portions 10A and 20A.

正極タブ１５が、正極板１０の接続部分１０Ｂに接続され、蓄電容器３５の外側まで導出されている。負極タブ２５が、負極板２０の接続部分２０Ｂに接続され、蓄電容器３５の外側まで導出されている。   The positive electrode tab 15 is connected to the connection portion 10 </ b> B of the positive electrode plate 10 and led out to the outside of the electricity storage container 35. The negative electrode tab 25 is connected to the connection portion 20 </ b> B of the negative electrode plate 20 and led out to the outside of the electricity storage container 35.

図４Ｂに、図４Ａの一点鎖線４Ｂ−４Ｂにおける断面図を示す。正極板１０、負極板２０、及びセパレータ３０の積層構造体が、アルミラミネートフィルム３５Ａと３５Ｂとで挟まれている。図４Ｂにおいては、図３に示した正極集電体１１、第１の正極層１２、及び第２の正極層１３をまとめて正極板１０として示している。同様に、図３に示した負極集電体２１、第１の負極層２２、及び第２の負極層２３をまとめて負極板２０として示している。   FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 4B-4B in FIG. 4A. A laminated structure of the positive electrode plate 10, the negative electrode plate 20, and the separator 30 is sandwiched between aluminum laminate films 35A and 35B. In FIG. 4B, the positive electrode current collector 11, the first positive electrode layer 12, and the second positive electrode layer 13 shown in FIG. Similarly, the negative electrode current collector 21, the first negative electrode layer 22, and the second negative electrode layer 23 shown in FIG. 3 are collectively shown as a negative electrode plate 20.

アルミラミネートフィルム３５Ａと３５Ｂとは、その外周部において相互に熱溶着されている。アルミラミネートフィルム３５Ａ、３５Ｂが、蓄電容器３５（図４Ａ）を構成する。接続部分１０Ｂにおいて、正極板１０の正極集電体１１（図３）が重ねられており、正極タブ１５に超音波溶接されている。正極タブ１５は、アルミラミネートフィルム３５Ａと３５Ｂとの間を通って、蓄電容器３５の外側まで導出されている。同様に、接続部分２０Ｂ（図４Ａ）において、負極板２０の負極集電体２１（図３）が重ねられており、負極タブ２５（図４Ａ）に超音波溶接されている。   The aluminum laminate films 35A and 35B are thermally welded to each other at the outer peripheral portion thereof. Aluminum laminate films 35A and 35B constitute a power storage container 35 (FIG. 4A). In the connection portion 10 </ b> B, the positive electrode current collector 11 (FIG. 3) of the positive electrode plate 10 is overlapped and ultrasonically welded to the positive electrode tab 15. The positive electrode tab 15 passes between the aluminum laminate films 35 </ b> A and 35 </ b> B and is led out to the outside of the electricity storage container 35. Similarly, in the connection portion 20B (FIG. 4A), the negative electrode current collector 21 (FIG. 3) of the negative electrode plate 20 is overlapped and ultrasonically welded to the negative electrode tab 25 (FIG. 4A).

図４Ａでは、正極タブ１５が相対的に左側に配置され、負極タブ２５が相対的に右側に配置されている蓄電装置を示したが、左右反転させた蓄電装置も準備される。図４Ａに示した蓄電装置と、左右反転させた蓄電装置とを交互に積み重ねると、隣り合う蓄電セルの正極タブ１５と負極タブ２５とを容易に接続することができる。   Although FIG. 4A shows the power storage device in which the positive electrode tab 15 is relatively disposed on the left side and the negative electrode tab 25 is relatively disposed on the right side, a power storage device that is horizontally reversed is also prepared. When the power storage device shown in FIG. 4A and the power storage device reversed in the left-right direction are alternately stacked, the positive electrode tab 15 and the negative electrode tab 25 of the adjacent power storage cells can be easily connected.

実施例２による蓄電装置は、図１Ａ及び図２に示した実施例１による蓄電装置を複数個並列接続した構成と等価である。従って、実施例２においても、実施例１と同様に、電気二重層キャパシタとしての充放電動作、及び二次電池としての充放電動作を行うことができる。   The power storage device according to the second embodiment is equivalent to a configuration in which a plurality of power storage devices according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 2 are connected in parallel. Therefore, also in Example 2, similarly to Example 1, charging / discharging operation as an electric double layer capacitor and charging / discharging operation as a secondary battery can be performed.

［実施例３］
図５Ａに、実施例３による蓄電装置の断面図を示す。複数の蓄電セル４０が、その厚さ方向に積層されている。蓄電セル４０の厚さ方向（積層方向）をｚ軸方向とするｘｙｚ直交座標系を定義する。蓄電セル４０の構成は、実施例２の図４Ａ、図４Ｂに示したもの、または図４Ａの正極タブ１５と負極タブ２５との位置を入れ換えた構造のものと同一である。正極タブ１５及び負極タブ２５（図４Ａ）は、ｘ軸の正の向きに引き出されている。ｚ方向に隣り合う蓄電セル４０の間に、伝熱板４１が配置されている。伝熱板４１には、例えばアルミニウムが用いられる。伝熱板４１は、ｙ方向に関して、蓄電セル４０の縁よりも外側まで広がっている。 [Example 3]
FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the power storage device according to the third embodiment. A plurality of power storage cells 40 are stacked in the thickness direction. An xyz orthogonal coordinate system in which the thickness direction (stacking direction) of the storage cell 40 is defined as the z-axis direction is defined. The configuration of the storage cell 40 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B of the second embodiment or the structure in which the positions of the positive electrode tab 15 and the negative electrode tab 25 in FIG. 4A are interchanged. The positive electrode tab 15 and the negative electrode tab 25 (FIG. 4A) are drawn out in the positive direction of the x axis. A heat transfer plate 41 is disposed between the storage cells 40 adjacent in the z direction. For example, aluminum is used for the heat transfer plate 41. The heat transfer plate 41 extends outside the edge of the storage cell 40 in the y direction.

加圧機構４２が、蓄電セル４０及び伝熱板４１からなる積層体に、積層方向（ｚ方向）の圧縮力を加えている。加圧機構４２は、一対の押さえ板４３、４本のタイロッド４４、及びナット４５を含む。押さえ板４３は、蓄電セル４０と伝熱板４１とからなる積層体の両端に配置されている。タイロッド４４が、一方の押さえ板４３から他方の押さえ板４３まで貫通し、一対の押さえ板４３に、両者の間隔が狭まる向きの力を加える。タイロッド４４は、ｘｙ面内において、伝熱板４１と空間的に干渉しない位置に配置される。   The pressurizing mechanism 42 applies a compressive force in the stacking direction (z direction) to the stacked body including the storage cell 40 and the heat transfer plate 41. The pressurizing mechanism 42 includes a pair of pressing plates 43, four tie rods 44, and a nut 45. The holding plates 43 are arranged at both ends of the laminate composed of the storage cells 40 and the heat transfer plates 41. The tie rod 44 penetrates from one pressing plate 43 to the other pressing plate 43, and applies a force in a direction that narrows the distance between the pair of pressing plates 43 to each other. The tie rod 44 is arranged at a position where it does not spatially interfere with the heat transfer plate 41 in the xy plane.

壁板４７及び４８が、蓄電セル４０及び伝熱板４１を含む積層体を、ｙ方向に挟む。壁板４７、４８は、ｙ軸に垂直な姿勢で配置され、押さえ板４３にボルトで固定されている。壁板４７、４８は、伝熱板４１の端面において、伝熱板４１に熱的に結合している。例えば、壁板４７、４８と伝熱板４１とを直接接触させてもよいし、両者を熱伝導性接着剤で固定してもよいし、両者の間に伝熱ゴムシートを挟んでもよい。蓄電セル４０で発生した熱が、伝熱板４１を経由して、壁板４７、４８に伝導される。   Wall plates 47 and 48 sandwich the stacked body including the storage cell 40 and the heat transfer plate 41 in the y direction. The wall plates 47 and 48 are arranged in a posture perpendicular to the y-axis, and are fixed to the holding plate 43 with bolts. The wall plates 47 and 48 are thermally coupled to the heat transfer plate 41 at the end face of the heat transfer plate 41. For example, the wall plates 47 and 48 and the heat transfer plate 41 may be brought into direct contact with each other, both may be fixed with a heat conductive adhesive, or a heat transfer rubber sheet may be sandwiched between them. The heat generated in the storage cell 40 is conducted to the wall plates 47 and 48 via the heat transfer plate 41.

図５Ｂに、図５Ａの一点鎖線５Ｂ−５Ｂにおける断面図を示す。図５Ｂの一点鎖線５Ａ−５Ａにおける断面図が図５Ａに相当する。積層された複数の蓄電セル４０が、正極タブ１５及び負極タブ２５によって直列接続されている。   FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 5B-5B in FIG. 5A. A cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line 5A-5A in FIG. 5B corresponds to FIG. 5A. The plurality of stacked storage cells 40 are connected in series by the positive electrode tab 15 and the negative electrode tab 25.

壁板４９及び５０が、蓄電セル４０及び伝熱板４１を含む積層体をｘ方向に挟む。壁板４９及び５０は、ボルトにより押さえ板４３に固定される。また、図５Ｂには現れていないが、壁板４７、４８（図５Ａ）にもボルトにより固定される。押さえ板４３及び壁板４７、４８、４９、５０が、平行六面体の筐体を構成する。   Wall plates 49 and 50 sandwich the laminate including the storage cell 40 and the heat transfer plate 41 in the x direction. The wall plates 49 and 50 are fixed to the holding plate 43 by bolts. Although not shown in FIG. 5B, the wall plates 47 and 48 (FIG. 5A) are also fixed by bolts. The pressing plate 43 and the wall plates 47, 48, 49, 50 constitute a parallelepiped casing.

壁板４９、５０に、それぞれ窓５１、５２が設けられている。窓５１、５２内に、それぞれ強制空冷機構５３、５４が配置されている。強制空冷機構５３、５４は、筐体内を強制的に空冷する。   Windows 51 and 52 are provided in the wall plates 49 and 50, respectively. Forced air cooling mechanisms 53 and 54 are disposed in the windows 51 and 52, respectively. The forced air cooling mechanisms 53 and 54 forcibly cool the inside of the housing.

蓄電セル４０が、加圧機構４２によって所定の圧力で加圧されて、筐体に支持されている。このため、蓄電装置を搭載している作業機械の動作中に蓄電装置に衝撃が加わっても、蓄電セル４０の、ｘ方向及びｙ方向への位置ずれが生じない。   The electricity storage cell 40 is pressurized with a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism 42 and supported by the casing. For this reason, even if an impact is applied to the power storage device during operation of the work machine on which the power storage device is mounted, the power storage cell 40 is not displaced in the x direction and the y direction.

実施例３においては、蓄電セル４０を空冷する例として、壁板４９、５０に強制空冷装置５３、５４を配置したが、蓄電セル４０を液冷とすることも可能である。この場合、壁板４７、４８（図５Ａ）の内部に冷却液用の流路が形成される。この流路に冷却液を流すことにより、壁板４７、４８を冷却することができる。蓄電セル４０で発生した熱が、伝熱板４１を経由して、壁板４７、４８に伝達される。これにより、蓄電セル４０を効率的に冷却することが可能になる。   In the third embodiment, the forced air cooling devices 53 and 54 are disposed on the wall plates 49 and 50 as an example of air cooling the power storage cell 40. However, the power storage cell 40 may be liquid cooled. In this case, a flow path for the coolant is formed inside the wall plates 47 and 48 (FIG. 5A). The wall plates 47 and 48 can be cooled by flowing a coolant through the flow path. Heat generated in the storage cell 40 is transferred to the wall plates 47 and 48 via the heat transfer plate 41. Thereby, it becomes possible to cool the electrical storage cell 40 efficiently.

実施例３による蓄電装置の蓄電セル４０に、実施例２の構造の蓄電装置が用いられている。このため、実施例３による蓄電装置は、実施例２と同様に、電気二重層キャパシタとしての充放電動作、及び二次電池としての充放電動作を行うことができる。   The power storage device having the structure of the second embodiment is used for the power storage cell 40 of the power storage device according to the third embodiment. For this reason, the electrical storage apparatus by Example 3 can perform charging / discharging operation | movement as an electrical double layer capacitor, and charging / discharging operation | movement as a secondary battery similarly to Example 2. FIG.

［実施例４］
図６に、実施例４によるハイブリッド型作業機械の例として、ハイブリッド型ショベルの部分破断側面図を示す。下部走行体６０に、旋回軸受け６１を介して上部旋回体６２が搭載されている。上部旋回体６２は、旋回フレーム６２Ａ、カバー６２Ｂ、及びキャビン６２Ｃを含む。旋回フレーム６２Ａは、キャビン６２Ｃ、及び種々の部品の支持構造体として機能する。カバー６２Ｂは、旋回フレーム６２Ａに搭載された種々の部品、例えば蓄電装置８０等を覆う。キャビン６２Ｃ内に、操作者が着座する座席が収容されている。 [Example 4]
FIG. 6 shows a partially broken side view of a hybrid excavator as an example of a hybrid work machine according to the fourth embodiment. An upper swing body 62 is mounted on the lower traveling body 60 via a swing bearing 61. The upper swing body 62 includes a swing frame 62A, a cover 62B, and a cabin 62C. The swivel frame 62A functions as a support structure for the cabin 62C and various components. The cover 62B covers various parts mounted on the turning frame 62A, for example, the power storage device 80 and the like. A seat on which an operator is seated is accommodated in the cabin 62C.

旋回用電動モータが、その駆動対象である旋回フレーム６２Ａを、下部走行体６０に対して、時計回り、または反時計周りに旋回させる。上部旋回体６２に、ブーム６５が取り付けられている。ブーム６５は、油圧駆動されるブームシリンダ６６により、上部旋回体６２に対して上下方向に揺動する。ブーム６５の先端に、アーム６７が取り付けられている。アーム６７は、油圧駆動されるアームシリンダ６８により、ブーム６５に対して前後方向に揺動する。アーム６７の先端にバケット６９が取り付けられている。バケット６９は、油圧駆動されるバケットシリンダ７０により、アーム６７に対して上下方向に揺動する。   The turning electric motor turns the turning frame 62 </ b> A to be driven clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the lower traveling body 60. A boom 65 is attached to the upper swing body 62. The boom 65 swings up and down with respect to the upper swing body 62 by a hydraulically driven boom cylinder 66. An arm 67 is attached to the tip of the boom 65. The arm 67 swings in the front-rear direction with respect to the boom 65 by an arm cylinder 68 that is hydraulically driven. A bucket 69 is attached to the tip of the arm 67. The bucket 69 swings in the vertical direction with respect to the arm 67 by a hydraulically driven bucket cylinder 70.

蓄電装置８０が、蓄電装置用マウント８１及びダンパ（防振装置）８２を介して、旋回フレーム６２Ａに搭載されている。蓄電装置８０は、例えばキャビン６２Ｃの後方に配置される。カバー６２Ｂが蓄電装置８０を覆う。蓄電装置８０には、上記実施例３による蓄電装置が用いられる。蓄電装置８０から供給される電力によって、旋回用電動モータが駆動される。また、旋回用電動モータは、運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換することによって回生電力を発生する。発生した回生電力によって、蓄電装置８０が充電される。   The power storage device 80 is mounted on the turning frame 62 </ b> A via a power storage device mount 81 and a damper (anti-vibration device) 82. The power storage device 80 is disposed, for example, behind the cabin 62C. Cover 62 </ b> B covers power storage device 80. As the power storage device 80, the power storage device according to the third embodiment is used. The electric motor for turning is driven by the electric power supplied from the power storage device 80. The electric motor for turning generates regenerative electric power by converting kinetic energy into electric energy. The power storage device 80 is charged by the generated regenerative power.

蓄電装置８０に、上記実施例３による蓄電装置が用いられているため、電気二重層キャパシタの長所である大電流による充放電を行うことができ、かつ二次電池の長所である高いエネルギ密度を実現することができる。   Since the power storage device according to the third embodiment is used for the power storage device 80, charging and discharging with a large current that is an advantage of the electric double layer capacitor can be performed, and a high energy density that is an advantage of the secondary battery is achieved. Can be realized.

以上実施例に沿って本発明を説明したが、本発明はこれらに制限されるものではない。例えば、種々の変更、改良、組み合わせ等が可能なことは当業者に自明であろう。   Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.

１０ 正極板
１０Ａ 蓄電部分
１０Ｂ 接続部分
１１ 正極集電体
１２ 第１の正極層
１３ 第２の正極層
１５ 正極タブ
２０ 負極板
２０Ａ 蓄電部分
２０Ｂ 接続部分
２１ 負極集電体
２２ 第１の負極層
２３ 第２の負極層
２５ 負極タブ
３０ セパレータ
３５ 蓄電容器
３５Ａ、３５Ｂ アルミラミネートフィルム
４０ 蓄電セル
４１ 伝熱板
４２ 加圧機構
４３ 押さえ板
４４ タイロッド
４５ ナット
４７、４８、４９、５０ 壁板
５１、５２ 窓
５３、５４ 強制空冷装置
６０ 下部走行体
６１ 旋回軸受け
６２ 上部旋回体
６２Ａ 旋回フレーム
６２Ｂ カバー
６２Ｃ キャビン
６５ ブーム
６６ ブームシリンダ
６７ アーム
６８ アームシリンダ
６９ バケット
７０ バケットシリンダ
８０ 蓄電装置
８１ 蓄電装置用マウント
８２ ダンパ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Positive electrode plate 10A Electrical storage part 10B Connection part 11 Positive electrode collector 12 1st positive electrode layer 13 2nd positive electrode layer 15 Positive electrode tab 20 Negative electrode plate 20A Electrical storage part 20B Connection part 21 Negative electrode collector 22 1st negative electrode layer 23 Second negative electrode layer 25 Negative electrode tab 30 Separator 35 Electric storage container 35A, 35B Aluminum laminated film 40 Electric storage cell 41 Heat transfer plate 42 Pressing mechanism 43 Press plate 44 Tie rod 45 Nut 47, 48, 49, 50 Wall plates 51, 52 Window 53, 54 Forced air cooling device 60 Lower traveling body 61 Swivel bearing 62 Upper swing body 62A Swivel frame 62B Cover 62C Cabin 65 Boom 66 Boom cylinder 67 Arm 68 Arm cylinder 69 Bucket 70 Bucket cylinder 80 Power storage device 81 Power storage device mount 82 Damper

Claims (4)

正極集電体、及び前記正極集電体の表面に形成された第１の正極層を含む正極板と、
前記正極板に重ねられ、負極集電体、及び前記負極集電体の上に積層された第１及び第２の負極層を含む負極板と、
前記正極板と前記負極板との間に配置されたセパレータと
を有し、
前記第１の正極層及び前記第１の負極層は、それぞれ酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う正極活物質及び負極活物質を含み、
前記セパレータには、前記正極活物質及び前記負極活物質とともに二次電池として動作する電解液が含浸されており、
前記第２の負極層は多孔質材料を含み、前記第２の負極層と前記電解液との界面に電気二重層が形成される蓄電装置。 A positive electrode plate including a positive electrode current collector and a first positive electrode layer formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector;
A negative electrode plate including a negative electrode current collector and a first negative electrode layer and a second negative electrode layer stacked on the negative electrode current collector;
Having a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate;
Each of the first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer includes a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material that are charged and discharged by a redox reaction,
The separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that operates as a secondary battery together with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material,
The power storage device, wherein the second negative electrode layer includes a porous material, and an electric double layer is formed at an interface between the second negative electrode layer and the electrolytic solution. さらに、前記正極板に、第２の正極層が形成されており、
前記第２の正極層は多孔質材料を含み、前記第２の正極層と前記電解液との界面に電気二重層が形成される請求項１に記載の蓄電装置。 Furthermore, a second positive electrode layer is formed on the positive electrode plate,
The power storage device according to claim 1, wherein the second positive electrode layer includes a porous material, and an electric double layer is formed at an interface between the second positive electrode layer and the electrolytic solution. 積層方向に積み重ねられ、直列接続された複数の蓄電セルと、
前記蓄電セルに積層方向の圧縮力を印加する加圧機構と
を有し、
前記蓄電セルの各々は、
交互に積み重ねられた正極板及び負極板と、
前記正極板と前記負極板との間に配置されたセパレータと、
前記正極板、前記負極板、及び前記セパレータを収容する蓄電容器と
を含み、
前記正極板は、
正極集電体、及び前記正極集電体の両面に形成された第１の正極層を含み、
前記負極板は、
負極集電体、及び前記負極集電体の両面に積層された第１及び第２の負極層を含み、
前記第１の正極層及び前記第１の負極層は、それぞれ酸化還元反応によって充放電を行う正極活物質及び負極活物質を含み、
前記セパレータには、前記正極活物質及び前記負極活物質とともに二次電池として動作する電解液が含浸されており、
前記第２の負極層は多孔質材料を含み、前記第２の負極層と前記電解液との界面に電気二重層が形成される蓄電装置。 A plurality of storage cells stacked in a stacking direction and connected in series;
A pressure mechanism that applies a compressive force in the stacking direction to the electricity storage cell,
Each of the storage cells
Alternately stacked positive and negative plates,
A separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate;
Including the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and a storage container containing the separator,
The positive electrode plate is
A positive electrode current collector, and a first positive electrode layer formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector,
The negative electrode plate is
A negative electrode current collector, and first and second negative electrode layers laminated on both sides of the negative electrode current collector,
Each of the first positive electrode layer and the first negative electrode layer includes a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material that are charged and discharged by a redox reaction,
The separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that operates as a secondary battery together with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material,
The power storage device, wherein the second negative electrode layer includes a porous material, and an electric double layer is formed at an interface between the second negative electrode layer and the electrolytic solution. 請求項３に記載の蓄電装置を搭載した作業機械。   A work machine equipped with the power storage device according to claim 3.
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