JP2013019477A - Inflator type emergency brake - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inflator type emergency brake which enables smooth action of explosive force and quick emergency brake operation by eliminating actuation delay due to air pressure with a simple structure.SOLUTION: In a wedge-cam type brake which performs brake operation by spreading and oscillating a base end portion of a brake arm by means of cam action of a wedge-cam 10 caused by axial movement of a camshaft 11 accompanying supply of air, there is less efficiency loss and chance of damage due to interposing of complex parts like conventional technique, because explosive force is directly and smoothly applied in the direction of actuation of the camshaft 11 by eliminating actuation delay due to air pressure with simple structure by installing an inflator 21 which explodes when receiving emergency stop command signal and then moves the camshaft 11 in the direction of brake operation and quick and efficient emergency brake operation is enabled, and there is hardly free running time by performing to produce brake force instantaneously and therefore, safety is enhanced.

Description

  According to the present invention, the base end portion of the brake arm is expanded and swung by the cam action of the wedge cam by the axial movement of the cam shaft that forms the wedge cam accompanying the supply of air to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder, and the brake operation The present invention relates to an inflator emergency brake for a wedge cam brake.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a disc brake for a vehicle equipped with a brake, particularly a railway vehicle, the base end portions of a pair of brake arms are expanded and pad assemblies provided at the open end portions thereof are arranged on both sides of the brake rotor (disc rotor). There is known an insulator-type caliper brake that performs a brake operation by pinching from the outside. For example, there is an insulator-type caliper brake described in a brake cylinder proposed by Patent Document 1 below. Although not shown in the figure, in this lever-type caliper brake, a cylinder body and a piston that move relative to each other in the axial direction are arranged between the base ends of the brake arms in order to expand the base ends of the brake arms. In addition, when the air pressure is supplied into the pressure chamber, the piston is axially moved to expand and swing the brake arm to perform the brake operation.

  However, in such a railway air-disk brake, since compressed air is the source of operation, the time required for the brake action force to rise in the initial operation of the brake operation becomes longer. There has been a problem that the time until the braking force is applied (idle running time) becomes longer, and the braking distance until the vehicle stops is increased. For this reason, as in the double accident prevention device for vehicles disclosed in Patent Document 2 below, by detecting the acceleration and exploding the explosive, the double vehicle with respect to the forward vehicle at the time of the rear-end collision by the following vehicle is detected. In order to prevent accidents, an emergency parking brake was also proposed.

JP 2008-164159 A (refer to the gazette abstract) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-175353 (refer to the gazette abstract)

  The double accident prevention device for a vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 2 is not necessarily operated by air pressure. However, as shown in FIG. 5, when the vehicle is collided during a stop, the parking brake is automatically activated. In the vehicle configured to operate the parking brake by pulling the parking lever 101 linked to the brake cable 108 for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of a double accident with respect to the vehicle ahead of the vehicle. , The acceleration is detected by the G sensor 126, the explosive 122 is exploded by the output signal of the G sensor 126, and the piston 120 in the cylinder 119 that operates by expanding the capacity of the piston rod 124, link The parking lever 101 is moved in the pulling direction via the arm 118 and the arm 116 (two-dot chain line) 01 ') is intended, which is configured as.

  With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate a delay in the operation of the brake operation when an emergency is required, but it is complicated to cause the explosive 122 to explode with the output signal of the G sensor 126 to perform the brake operation. The intermediate member is interposed. That is, the explosive 122 is installed inside the cylinder 119 installed at the end of the arm 116 whose end is pivotally supported by the base 103 of the brake lever 101 in the parking brake, and further via the link 118 or the like. In addition, since the explosive force of the explosive 122 is not directly transmitted to the brake cable 108, it is unavoidable that the explosive force of the explosive 122 is dispersed and a time delay occurs, or there are many intervening parts and the chance of failure increases. It was not.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the problems in the emergency brake of the wedge cam type brake that performs the brake operation using the conventional air pressure as an operation source are solved, the operation delay due to the air pressure is eliminated with a simple structure, and the explosive force is reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide an inflator type emergency brake that directly and smoothly acts in the operation direction of a camshaft and enables a quick and efficient emergency brake operation.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the base end portion of the brake arm is expanded and swung by the cam action of the wedge cam by the axial movement of the cam shaft that forms the wedge cam accompanying the supply of air to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder. In a wedge cam type brake that performs a braking operation, an inflator that explodes when the emergency stop command signal is received and moves the camshaft in the braking operation direction is provided. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the inflator is provided adjacent to a pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder. In the present invention, the inflator is disposed adjacent to an auxiliary pneumatic chamber containing an auxiliary piston in an auxiliary cylinder disposed opposite to the air cylinder on the other end side in the axial direction, and the camshaft is moved by axial movement of the auxiliary piston. It is characterized by moving in the brake operation direction. Further, according to the present invention, the camshaft is interlocked and pulled in the brake operation direction only when the explosion pressure by the inflator is introduced into the auxiliary pneumatic chamber between the tip of the camshaft and the auxiliary piston. A part is formed. Also, the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the inflators are installed in a form that operates separately, and these are used as means for solving the problems.

  According to the present invention, the brake arm base is configured by the cam action of the wedge cam by the axial movement of the camshaft that forms the wedge cam accompanying the supply of air to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder, which is a constituent element of claim 1. In the wedge cam type brake that performs the brake operation by widening and swinging the end, the inflator that explodes when the emergency stop command signal is received and moves the camshaft in the brake operation direction is installed. The structure eliminates the operation delay due to air pressure, and the explosive force acts directly and smoothly in the operating direction of the camshaft, enabling quick and efficient emergency braking operation. There are few chances of loss of efficiency and damage due to the presence of parts, braking force can be generated instantly, there is almost no idle time, and safety can be improved. .

  In addition, when the inflator, which is a constituent requirement of claim 2, is placed adjacent to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder, it is only necessary to add an inflator to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder that is a normal service brake. In the event of an emergency, using the air cylinder in the service brake as it is and using the explosive force of the inflator in the event of an emergency, while performing normal braking operation by supplying air to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder in the service brake Enables efficient emergency braking operation. Furthermore, the inflator, which is a constituent element of claim 3, is provided adjacent to an auxiliary pneumatic chamber that accommodates an auxiliary piston in an auxiliary cylinder disposed opposite to the other end side in the axial direction with respect to the air cylinder. When moving the camshaft in the brake operation direction by axial movement, the auxiliary cylinder with an inflator installed on the other end in the axial direction is opposed to the air cylinder without any structural modification on the service brake side. By simply arranging, depending on the explosive force of the inflator, the retrofitting simple structure eliminates the operation delay due to air pressure, and the explosive force acts directly and smoothly in the camshaft operating direction, making it quick and efficient Enables emergency braking operation.

  Furthermore, the camshaft is disposed in the brake operation direction only when an explosion pressure is introduced into the auxiliary air pressure chamber by an inflator between the tip end portion of the camshaft and the auxiliary piston, which is a constituent element of claim 4. When an interlocking part that is interlocked and towed is formed, the camshaft axial movement does not affect the auxiliary piston side where the inflator is installed during normal service brake operation, and the inflator explodes in an emergency. The explosive force on the auxiliary piston side due to the can effectively perform the traction and axial movement of the camshaft side quickly to perform the braking operation. In addition, when a plurality of inflators, which are constituent elements of claim 5, are installed in a form that operates separately, even inflators that are generally impossible to reset on site, By installing a plurality of inflators in response to consecutive aftershocks and the like, several additional emergency braking operations can be performed in response to aftershocks and the like.

It is a principal part schematic plan sectional view of the 1st example of the inflator type emergency brake of the present invention. 1 is an overall perspective view of a lever-type disc brake equipped with an inflator emergency brake of the present invention (a second embodiment described later). It is a change figure of the braking force of the inflator type emergency brake of the present invention. It is a principal part schematic plane sectional view of 2nd Example of the inflator type emergency brake of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional double accident prevention apparatus of a vehicle.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for implementing an inflator emergency brake according to the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the inflator emergency brake according to the present invention is configured such that the cam of the wedge cam 11 is driven by the axial movement of the camshaft 11 that forms the wedge cam 10 when air is supplied to the pneumatic chamber 9 of the air cylinder 2. In a wedge cam type brake that performs a braking operation by expanding and swinging a base end portion of a brake arm (reference numeral 4 in FIG. 2) by an action, it explodes when receiving an emergency stop command signal and brakes the camshaft 11 By installing the inflator 21 to be moved in the operation direction, the operation delay due to air pressure is eliminated with a simple structure, and the explosive force acts directly and smoothly in the operation direction of the camshaft 11 so that it is quick and efficient. Because emergency braking operation is possible, there is less chance of efficiency loss and damage due to complicated parts such as conventional ones, and braking force Almost no empty run time to perform the generation in an instant, it is possible to improve safety.

  A first embodiment of the inflator emergency brake according to the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 2, the body 1 is fixed to the vehicle body stationary part via an appropriate support, and the middle part of the pair of brake arms 4, 4 is swung by the brake arm shafts 5, 5 on both sides of the lower part of the body 1. It is supported freely. Pad assemblies 6 and 6 are attached to the open ends of the brake arms 4 and 4 via brake holders. A link rod that forms an output shaft connected to and supported by a spherical bush 14 on a roller arm 13 of a link type booster as shown in FIG. The outer end of 15 is supported by the spherical bush 16.

  As shown in FIG. 1, air is introduced from an air supply port 7 and an air piston (main piston) 8 is moved to a chamber spring (not shown in FIG. 1). An air cylinder 2 that is actuated on the other side in the axial direction on the brake operation side (left side in the drawing) against a restoring force of a spring to be generated (interposed on the back surface of the air piston 8 on the wedge cam 10 side) On one side (right side of the drawing). Along with the movement of the camshaft 11 toward the other side in the axial direction, cam rollers 12, 12 that ride on the inclined surface of the wedge cam 10 formed by being attached to the camshaft 11 are disposed.

  For example, the cam rollers 12 and 12 constitute a link type booster. The cam rollers 12 and 12 are respectively connected to one end of a pair of roller arms 13 and 13 that are supported by bearings 18 and 18 at both ends of the strut 19. It is supported. When the cam rollers 12 and 12 are lifted onto the inclined surface of the wedge cam 10, the roller arms 13 and 13 swing in the expanding direction, and are connected and supported by a spherical bush 14 at a substantially intermediate portion of the roller arms 13 and 13. The link rods 15 and 15 are boosted by the lever principle and axially moved outward (up and down in the drawing). As a result, the base ends of the brake arms 4 and 4 shown in FIG. 2 are swung in the expanding direction via the spherical bushes 16 and 16, and are disposed at the open ends of the brake arms 4 and 4. The brake operation is performed by pressing the pad assemblies 6 and 6 with a brake rotor (not shown).

  The most characteristic structure in the first embodiment of the emergency brake of the present invention is that an emergency stop command signal is received by the pneumatic chamber 2 of the air cylinder 2 which is supplied with air pressure, that is, air pressure and functions as a normal service brake. The inflator 21 that installs the main piston, that is, the air piston 8 and moves the above-described camshaft 11 in the brake operation direction is installed. In the example of FIG. 1, inflators 21 and 21 ′ are separately installed on both sides of the air supply port 7 of the service brake. Of course, one installation or three installations may be used. These inflators 21 are connected to an ignition power source, and detect a predetermined acceleration requiring an emergency brake such as an earthquake by using a G sensor or the like that activates an explosive of an air bag that is frequently used in an automobile or the like. In response to the emergency stop command signal, the ignition switch S1 is closed. Thereby, the inflator 21 explodes.

  When the inflator 21 explodes, it is in the pneumatic chamber 9 to which air is supplied during normal service braking, and explosive pressurization is performed. The air piston 8 is quickly and instantaneously applied to the camshaft 11 in the braking operation direction. Move to. Next, the roller arms 13 and 13 constituting the link type booster are expanded through the inclined surface of the wedge cam 10, and the base ends of the brake arms 4 and 4 are expanded through the link rods 15 and 15. The pad assembly 6, 6 disposed at the open end of the brake arms 4, 4 is squeezed by the brake rotor, and the brake operation is performed. Through the boosting mechanism of the inflator 21, the inclined surface of the wedge cam 10, the roller arm 13 constituting the link-type booster, and further the lever-type brake arm 4, a powerful braking force is instantaneously applied to the sky. The braking operation is performed effectively and safely with less mileage.

  After the main inflator 21 is activated by the first ignition and finishes its role, after the vehicle has traveled due to the safety inspection of the track, etc., when the emergency stop command signal is received again due to aftershocks, etc. Even if it is impossible to reset the inflator 21 at this point, if an auxiliary second inflator 21 'is installed, it is possible to cope with such aftershocks. The second inflator 21 ′ is independent from the activation of the first main inflator 21 (a mode that operates separately). For example, the ignition wiring of an inflator that is desired to be used may be turned on by simply interposing an on / off switch. Thus, in this embodiment, it is only necessary to add the inflator 21 to the pneumatic chamber 9 of the air cylinder 2 that is a normal service brake, and to supply air to the pneumatic chamber 9 of the air cylinder 2 in the service brake. In the event of an emergency, normal braking operation is performed, and in the event of an emergency, quick and efficient emergency braking operation is possible using the air cylinder 2 in the service brake as it is and using the explosive force generated by the inflator 21. To.

  FIG. 3 is a change diagram of the braking force of the inflator emergency brake according to the present invention. As described above, during normal service brake operation by supplying air pressure to the pneumatic chamber 9, air is supplied to the pneumatic chamber 9 from the time T 1 through the air supply port 7 by the brake operation by an operator such as a driver. The pressure starts to be supplied, but the pressure actually increases due to the length of the supply path and various resistances, and the air brake force is generated after time T3. At time T4, the air pressure and the air brake force reach predetermined values, and an appropriate service brake operation is performed. In the present invention, at an early stage of time T1, the ignition switch S1 is closed in response to an emergency stop command signal (emergency brake signal is on in FIG. 3) that detects a predetermined acceleration that requires an emergency brake such as an earthquake. And the emergency brake assist force by the explosive force of the inflator 21 can be instantly started up by time T2. The emergency brake assist force may be configured to continue until the normal service brake operation by an operator such as a driver at time T3 and to decrease as the brake force of the service brake increases.

  For this purpose, although not described in detail, the outside air can be vented from the pneumatic chamber 9 by the inflator 21 in accordance with the normal service brake operation by an operator such as a driver at time T3. It is recommended to control the emergency brake holding time and the release of emergency brake pressure by the release passage design. It is preferable that the outside air release passage is configured not to function during normal service brake operation but to be released only when the inflator is activated. In this embodiment, the emergency brake pressure can be released from the air supply port 7 of the service brake from the time T3, so that it is not necessary to provide a special outside air release passage design, but it is appropriately controlled from the time T3. It is not hindered to install the outdoor air release passage in the pneumatic chamber 9.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic plan cross-sectional view of a main part of a second embodiment of the inflator emergency brake according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the inflator 21 is provided adjacent to the auxiliary pneumatic chamber 23 that accommodates the auxiliary piston 17 in the auxiliary cylinder 3 that is disposed opposite to the other end side in the axial direction with respect to the air cylinder 2 that is on the service brake side. The camshaft 11 is configured to move in the brake operation direction by the axial movement of the auxiliary piston 17. With this configuration, the auxiliary cylinder 3 provided with the inflator 21 as a retrofit is disposed opposite to the air cylinder 2 on the other end side in the axial direction without any structural modification on the service brake side. In response to the explosive force of the inflator 21, the operation delay due to air pressure is eliminated with a simple structure that is retrofitted, and the explosive force acts directly and smoothly in the operating direction of the camshaft 11, so that a quick and efficient emergency Enable brake operation. An auxiliary spring 23 that urges the auxiliary cylinder 17 in the direction opposite to the explosive force of the inflator 21 is disposed on the back surface of the auxiliary piston 17 to perform the restoring function of the auxiliary piston 17. Since the starting method and the number of installation of the inflator 21 are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted. As an example of the passage design for the degassing release control of the emergency brake pressure from time T3, an example in which an outside air release passage 24 whose control is started at time T3 is provided. For example, an outside air release passage 24 is provided so that the gas is released to the outside air by pulse control or the like in which the opening time gradually decreases.

  More preferably, only when an explosion pressure is introduced into the auxiliary pneumatic chamber 23 by the inflator 21 between the tip of the camshaft 11 (on the side opposite to the air cylinder 2) and the auxiliary piston 17, Interlocking portions 11A and 20A in which the camshaft 11 is interlocked and pulled in the brake operation direction are formed. That is, for the interlocking portions 11A and 20A, for example, a large-diameter portion is provided on the front end side (brake operation direction side) of the camshaft 11 on the service brake side, and this is used as the front end interlocking portion 11A. A small-diameter portion is provided on the distal end side of the cylindrical sleeve member 20 extending in the axial direction from the auxiliary piston 17 in the auxiliary cylinder 3 arranged opposite to the other end side in the axial direction, and this is used as the distal end interlocking portion 20A. It is. These have a function of a stopper form in which movement is restricted in the direction in which they are attracted to each other, and are locked and fitted so as to allow relative movement in the direction in which they approach each other. With this configuration, during normal service brake operation, the axial movement of the camshaft 11 does not affect the auxiliary piston 17 side where the inflator 21 is provided, and the inflator 21 explodes in an emergency. Thus, the explosive force on the auxiliary piston 17 side can effectively pull and move the camshaft 11 side quickly to perform the braking operation.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the shape of the wedge cam including the inclined surface angle (conical shape, curved inclined surface, etc.) within the scope of the present invention, and its form of formation on the camshaft, Related configuration of wedge cam and brake arm base end (with a link rod interposed via a pair of link boosters such as the embodiment arranged on both sides of the camshaft, or a link booster The wedge cam can be configured to expand the link rod that pivotally supports the cam roller, or the wedge cam can be configured to directly expand the brake arm base end. Boost ratio in force device, shape of air cylinder, installation form of air supply port to air cylinder, shape of inflator, type, detonation form, number and installation to air cylinder Form, shape of the auxiliary cylinder, and shape of the auxiliary piston accommodated therein, type, installation form of the inflator in the auxiliary cylinder, design form of the air cylinder and the outside air release passage for venting the gas generated by the inflator in the auxiliary cylinder, The extending form of the sleeve member from the auxiliary piston, the shape and the form of the tip interlocking portion in the camshaft and the sleeve member can be selected as appropriate. In addition, the specifications described in the examples are merely examples in all respects and should not be interpreted in a limited manner.

  The inflator emergency brake of the present invention is preferably applied to a caliper type air disk brake of a railway vehicle, but can also be applied to a vehicle such as an automobile, an industrial disk brake, and the like.

2 Air cylinder 7 Air supply port 8 Air piston (main piston)
9 Pneumatic chamber 10 Wedge cam 11 Cam shaft 12 Cam roller 13 Roller arm 14 Spherical bush 15 Link rod 18 Bearing 19 Strut 21 Inflator 21 'Second inflator S1 Ignition switch

Claims (5)

A wedge cam that performs a braking operation by expanding and swinging the base end portion of the brake arm by the cam action of the wedge cam by the axial movement of the cam shaft that forms the wedge cam accompanying the supply of air to the pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder An inflator-type emergency brake having an inflator that explodes when the emergency stop command signal is received and moves the camshaft in a brake operation direction. The inflator emergency brake according to claim 1, wherein the inflator is disposed adjacent to a pneumatic chamber of the air cylinder. The inflator is placed in an auxiliary air pressure chamber that accommodates an auxiliary piston in an auxiliary cylinder arranged opposite to the air cylinder on the other end side in the axial direction, and the camshaft is moved in the brake operation direction by the axial movement of the auxiliary piston. The inflator emergency brake according to claim 1, wherein Between the tip of the camshaft and the auxiliary piston, the camshaft is linked and pulled in the brake operation direction only when an explosion pressure is introduced into the auxiliary pneumatic chamber by the inflator. The inflator emergency brake according to claim 3. The inflator emergency brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of the inflators are installed so as to operate separately.

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