JP2013001932A - Corrosion-resistant steel for hold of coal carrier or coal/ore carrier - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールドに用いられる耐食性に優れた鋼材に関する。 The present invention relates to a steel material excellent in corrosion resistance used for a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship hold.
エネルギー資源の運搬の多くに商船が用いられ、その中でばら積み貨物船は、その約３０％の船腹量を占めている。そのばら積み貨物船において、１９９０年代初頭に海難事故が相次ぎ国際問題となった。特に、石炭船や石炭・鉄鉱石兼用船で事故が多く報告されおり、その原因の大部分は船倉内の損傷であった。ばら積み貨物船では、積荷を直接ホールドに積載するため、腐食性の積荷の影響を受け易く、船倉（以下「ホールド」とも言う。）内の腐食、特に石炭船、石炭・鉄鉱石兼用船の船倉内の側壁部での孔食により、局所的に強度が減少することが問題と考えられている。この孔食が著しく進行した事例や、船の強度を確保する肋骨部分の板厚が極端に減少している事例が報告されている。 Merchant ships are used for the transportation of energy resources, among which bulk carriers occupy about 30% of the volume. In the bulk carrier, marine accidents became an international issue one after another in the early 1990s. In particular, many accidents were reported on coal ships and coal / iron ore combined ships, most of which were damage in the hold. Bulk cargo ships are loaded directly on the hold, so they are easily affected by corrosive loads. It is considered that the strength is locally reduced due to pitting corrosion at the inner side wall. Cases in which this pitting corrosion has progressed remarkably and cases in which the thickness of the rib portion that ensures the strength of the ship has been extremely reduced have been reported.
前記孔食の発生するばら積み貨物船の側壁部は、シングルハルとなっていて、積荷と海水とは鋼材一枚隔てているだけである。そして、ホールド内の温度は、石炭が有する自己発熱性により上昇する。そのため、海水と船倉内の温度差により、船倉側壁部には結露水が生じやすい。こうした、船倉側壁部に結露水が生じた場所に石炭の硫黄成分が溶け出し、結露水と反応し硫酸を生成するので、船倉内は硫酸腐食が生じやすい低ｐＨ環境となっている。 The side wall of the bulk carrier where pitting occurs is a single hull, and the load and seawater are separated from each other only by one steel material. And the temperature in hold | hold rises by the self-heating property which coal has. Therefore, dew condensation water tends to be generated on the side wall of the hold due to the temperature difference between the seawater and the hold. Since the sulfur component of coal dissolves in the place where the dew condensation water is generated on the side wall of the cargo hold and reacts with the dew condensation water to generate sulfuric acid, the inside of the hold has a low pH environment in which sulfuric acid corrosion is likely to occur.
このような船倉内の腐食対策として、船倉内には変性エポキシ系塗装が被覆厚さ約１５０〜２００μｍ施されている。しかし、石炭や鉄鉱石によるメカニカルダメージや積荷搬出の際の重機による傷・磨耗により、塗装が剥がれる場合が多いため、十分な防食効果が得られていない。 As a countermeasure against such corrosion in the hold, a modified epoxy coating is applied to the hold with a coating thickness of about 150 to 200 μm. However, since the coating is often peeled off due to mechanical damage caused by coal or iron ore, and scratches and wear caused by heavy machinery during loading and unloading, sufficient anticorrosion effects are not obtained.
そこで、さらに腐食対策として定期的に再塗装や一部補修する方法が取られているが、このような方法は、非常に大きなコストがかかるため、船舶のメンテナンス費用を含め、ライフサイクルコストを低減させ、耐食鋼などを開発することが課題となっている。 Therefore, as a countermeasure against corrosion, methods of repainting and partial repairs are taken regularly, but such methods are very expensive and reduce life cycle costs including ship maintenance costs. The development of corrosion resistant steel has become an issue.
ところで、船舶用の耐食鋼としては、カーゴオイルタンク用やバラストタンク用に開発された鋼が知られている。しかし、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド使用環境は、腐食環境（温度・湿度・腐食性物質など）の違い、および、内容物によるメカニカルダメージの有無などの点で、カーゴオイルタンクやバラストタンク使用環境と全く異なっている。このため、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の鋼としては、独自の材料設計や特性評価が必要とされる。 By the way, steel developed for cargo oil tanks and ballast tanks is known as a corrosion resistant steel for ships. However, the holding use environment of coal ships and coal / ore combined ships is different from the corrosive environment (temperature, humidity, corrosive substances, etc.) and the presence or absence of mechanical damage due to the contents. It is completely different from the tank usage environment. For this reason, original material design and characteristic evaluation are required for steel for holding coal ships and coal / ore combined ships.
カーゴオイルタンクの上甲板裏面は、防爆のためにタンク内に吹き込まれるイナートガス中に含まれるＯ２、ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２や原油から揮発するＨ２Ｓ等の腐食性ガス環境に曝される。底板は、原油由来の保護性フィルムがあるものの、お椀型の局部腐食が生じる環境に曝される。 The upper back of the cargo oil tank is exposed to a corrosive gas environment such as O 2 , CO 2 , SO 2 contained in the inert gas blown into the tank for explosion prevention, and H 2 S volatilized from crude oil. Although the bottom plate has a protective film derived from crude oil, it is exposed to an environment in which bowl-shaped local corrosion occurs.
また、バラストタンクは積荷がない時には、海水を注入して船舶の安定航行を可能にする役目を担うものであり、極めて厳しい腐食環境下におかれている。バラストタンクの上甲板の裏側は、海水に浸からず、海水の飛沫を浴びる状態におかれないため、電気防食が機能せず、さらに、この部位は、太陽光によって鋼材の温度が上昇するため、厳しい腐食環境となり、激しい腐食を受ける。また、バラストタンクの側壁面や底面は、海水に完全に浸漬されている部分ということで、電気防食が働くという理由から腐食環境ではあるが、積荷が無く運行する場合には、バラストタンクに海水が注入されておらず、バラストタンク全体で、電気防食が全く働かないため、乾湿繰り返し環境と残留付着塩分の作用によって、激しい腐食を受ける。 Further, the ballast tank plays a role of enabling stable navigation of the ship by injecting seawater when there is no cargo, and is placed in an extremely severe corrosive environment. The back side of the upper deck of the ballast tank is not immersed in seawater and is not in a state of being splashed with seawater, so the anticorrosion function does not function, and the temperature of the steel material rises due to sunlight. It becomes a severe corrosive environment and receives severe corrosion. Also, the side wall and bottom of the ballast tank are completely immersed in seawater, which is a corrosive environment for the reason that the anti-corrosion works. Is not injected, and the entire ballast tank has no anti-corrosion, so it undergoes severe corrosion due to the repeated wet and dry environment and residual adhered salt.
石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用途に言及した従来技術としては、特許文献１、２および３がある。石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド使用環境下での造船用耐食鋼の化学成分組成として、特許文献１にはＣｕおよびＭｇを必須成分組成とした鋼材が、特許文献２にはＣｕ、ＮｉおよびＳｎを必須成分組成とした鋼材が、そして、特許文献３には並びにコスト面の改善を目的としたＣｕおよびＳｎを必須成分組成とした鋼材が、それぞれ開示されている。 Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 are known as conventional techniques that mention coal ship and coal / ore combined ship holding applications. As chemical composition compositions of corrosion resistant steel for shipbuilding under the use environment of coal ships and coal / ore combined ships, Patent Document 1 discloses steel materials containing Cu and Mg as essential component compositions, and Patent Document 2 discloses Cu and Ni. Steel materials having Sn and Sn as essential components, and Patent Document 3 disclose steel materials having Cu and Sn as essential components for the purpose of improving cost.
しかしながら、特許文献１に示された鋼材は、船舶外板、バラストタンク、カーゴオイルタンク、鉱石船カーゴホールド等の共通的な使用環境での優れた鋼材を対象としているため、鋼材の耐食性の評価方法として、カーゴオイルタンクとバラストタンクの腐食試験の結果が良好であることを挙げているが、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド使用環境下を考慮した試験結果は示されていない。 However, since the steel materials disclosed in Patent Document 1 are intended for excellent steel materials in common use environments such as ship outer plates, ballast tanks, cargo oil tanks, ore ship cargo holds, etc., the corrosion resistance of steel materials is evaluated. As a method, the results of corrosion tests of cargo oil tanks and ballast tanks are cited as good, but no test results have been shown that take into account the hold use environment of coal ships and coal / ore combined ships.
また、特許文献２と３では、石炭船や石炭・鉱石兼用船の環境を模擬した塗膜下における耐食性を評価しているものの、ホールド使用環境下では不可避といえる石炭や鉄鉱石によるメカニカルダメージで剥離しやすい状況を想定した評価試験を行っていない。
In Patent Documents 2 and 3, although corrosion resistance under a coating film simulating the environment of a coal ship or coal / ore combined ship is evaluated, mechanical damage caused by coal or iron ore, which is unavoidable in a hold use environment, is considered. An evaluation test was not conducted assuming a situation where peeling is likely to occur.
以上、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールドに用いられる耐食性に優れた鋼材の開発には、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド特有の腐食環境を考慮すると同時に、塗膜が剥離して塗膜がない状態での鋼材の腐食の評価が重要であるにもかかわらず、従来技術においては、この観点は考慮されていなかった。 As described above, in the development of steel materials with excellent corrosion resistance used for coal ships and coal / ore combined ships, the corrosive environment peculiar to coal ships and coal / ore combined ships is taken into account, and at the same time, the coating is peeled off. Despite the importance of evaluating the corrosion of steel in the absence of this, this viewpoint has not been considered in the prior art.
そこで、本発明の目的は、乾湿繰返しかつ低ｐＨ環境下において、塗膜剥離後の腐食を抑制することができる石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion resistant steel for holding a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship that can suppress corrosion after peeling of a coating film in a dry and wet repeated and low pH environment.
一般に、船舶は、厚鋼板や薄鋼板、形鋼、棒鋼等の鋼材を溶接して建造されており、その鋼材の表面には防食塗膜が施されて使用される。しかし、石炭船、石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド環境では、石炭・鉱石のメカニカルダメージで塗装は剥がれやすい状況にあり、鋼材が乾湿繰返しかつ低ｐＨ環境下に曝される。ここでは、鋼材の表面の防食塗膜の剥離後も耐食性の発揮できる鋼材の開発を行った。 Generally, a ship is constructed by welding steel materials such as thick steel plates, thin steel plates, shaped steels, and steel bars, and the surface of the steel materials is used with a corrosion-resistant coating film applied. However, in a coal ship or coal / ore combined ship hold environment, the paint is easily peeled off due to mechanical damage of the coal / ore, and the steel material is repeatedly exposed to dry and wet conditions and exposed to a low pH environment. Here, the steel material which developed corrosion resistance even after peeling of the anticorrosion coating film on the surface of the steel material was developed.
そこで、本発明者らは、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド内の環境を模擬した試験法を開発し、その試験法を用いて各合金元素の影響を検討した結果、Ｃｕ、Ｓｂ、Ｓの添加で金属間化合物Ｃｕ２Ｓｂ、Ｃｕ２Ｓを生成させ、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールドの塗膜剥離後の鋼材の耐食性が向上することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。なお、石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド内の環境を模擬した試験法は実施例にて後述する。
１．鋼材の成分組成が、質量％で、Ｃ：０．０１０〜０．２００ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｉ：０．０１〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｍｎ：０．１０〜２．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｐ：０．０２５ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ｓ：０．００５〜０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ａｌ：０．００５〜０．１０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｃｕ：０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｎｉ：０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｂ：０．０１０〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｎ：０．００１０〜０．００８０ｍａｓｓ％を含有し、さらに残部がＦｅおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
２．前記鋼材に加えて、さらに、Ｃｒ：０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％以下であることを特徴とする１に記載の石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
３．前記鋼材に加えて、さらに、Ｗ：０．００５〜０．５ｍａｓｓ％およびＭｏ：０．００５〜０．５ｍａｓｓ％のうちから選ばれる１種または２種を含有することを特徴とする１または２に記載の石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
４．前記鋼材に加えて、さらに、Ｎｂ：０．００１〜０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％を含有することを特徴とする１〜３のいずれか一つに記載の石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
５．前記鋼材に加えて、さらに、Ｃａ：０．０００５〜０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｍｇ：０．０００１〜０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％のうちから選ばれる１種または２種を含有することを特徴とする１〜４のいずれか一つに記載の石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
６．前記鋼材に加えて、さらに、Ｔｉ：０．００１〜０．０３０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｚｒ：０．００１〜０．０３０ｍａｓｓ％およびＶ：０．００２〜０．２０ｍａｓｓ％のうちから選ばれる１種以上を含有することを特徴とする１〜５のいずれか一つに記載の石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼。
Therefore, the present inventors have developed a test method that simulates the environment in a coal ship and a coal / ore combined-use ship hold, and as a result of examining the influence of each alloy element using the test method, Cu, Sb, S The intermetallic compounds Cu 2 Sb and Cu 2 S were produced by the addition of the above, and it was found that the corrosion resistance of the steel material after the coating film peeling of the coal ship and the coal / ore combined ship hold was improved, and the present invention was completed. A test method simulating the environment in the coal / ore combined ship hold will be described later in Examples.
1. The component composition of the steel material is% by mass, C: 0.010 to 0.200 mass%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, Mn: 0.10 to 2.0 mass%, P: 0.025 mass% or less. , S: 0.005 to 0.050 mass%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10 mass%, Cu: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, Sb: 0.010 Corrosion-resistant steel for holding a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship, characterized by containing ~ 0.50 mass%, N: 0.0010-0.0080 mass%, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. 2. The corrosion resistant steel for holding a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship according to 1, characterized in that, in addition to the steel material, Cr: 0.050 mass% or less.
3. In addition to the steel material, 1 or 2 further containing one or two selected from W: 0.005-0.5 mass% and Mo: 0.005-0.5 mass% Corrosion resistant steel for holding coal ships and coal / ore combined ships as described in 1.
4). In addition to the steel material, Nb: 0.001 to 0.050 mass%, the corrosion resistant steel for holding a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship according to any one of 1 to 3 .
5. In addition to the steel material, it further includes one or two selected from Ca: 0.0005 to 0.010 mass% and Mg: 0.0001 to 0.010 mass%. Corrosion-resistant steel for holding coal ships and coal / ore combined ships according to any one of the above.
6). In addition to the steel material, further contains one or more selected from Ti: 0.001-0.030 mass%, Zr: 0.001-0.030 mass%, and V: 0.002-0.20 mass%. The corrosion-resistant steel for holding a coal ship and a coal / ore combined-use ship according to any one of 1 to 5, characterized in that:
本発明によれば、石炭船、石炭・鉱石兼用船ホール内の乾湿繰返しかつ低ｐＨ環境下において、塗膜剥離後の腐食を抑制することができる石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールド用の耐食鋼を得ることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the corrosion resistance for the coal ship which can suppress the corrosion after peeling of a coating film, and a coal and ore combined use ship in the dry and wet repetition and low pH environment in a coal ship and a coal and ore combined use ship hall Steel can be obtained.
以下に、本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。まず、本発明において、鋼材の成分組成を前記の範囲に限定した理由について説明する。 Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated. First, the reason why the component composition of the steel material is limited to the above range in the present invention will be described.
Ｃ：０．０１０〜０．２００ｍａｓｓ％
Ｃは、鋼の強度を上昇させるのに有効な元素であり、本発明では強度を確保するために０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％以上の含有を必要とする。一方、０．２００ｍａｓｓ％を超える含有は、溶接性および溶接熱影響部の靭性を低下させる。よって、Ｃは０．０１０〜０．２００ｍａｓｓ％の範囲とする。さらに、好ましくは、０．０５０〜０．１８０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
C: 0.010-0.200 mass%
C is an element effective for increasing the strength of steel, and in the present invention, it is necessary to contain 0.010 mass% or more in order to ensure the strength. On the other hand, the content exceeding 0.200 mass% decreases the weldability and the toughness of the weld heat affected zone. Therefore, C is set to a range of 0.010 to 0.200 mass%. Furthermore, Preferably, it is the range of 0.050-0.180 mass%.
Ｓｉ：０．０１〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｓｉは脱酸剤として添加され、また鋼の強度を高める元素であり、本発明では０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以上を含有させる。しかしながら、０．５０ｍａｓｓ％を超える含有は、鋼の靱性を劣化させるので、Ｓｉの上限は０．５０ｍａｓｓ％とする。加えてＳｉは酸性環境下で、防食皮膜を形成して耐食性を向上させる。この効果を得るには、好ましくは０．２０〜０．４０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Si: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%
Si is added as a deoxidizer and is an element that increases the strength of steel. In the present invention, Si is contained in an amount of 0.01 mass% or more. However, since the content exceeding 0.50 mass% deteriorates the toughness of steel, the upper limit of Si is set to 0.50 mass%. In addition, Si improves the corrosion resistance by forming an anticorrosion film in an acidic environment. In order to obtain this effect, the range is preferably 0.20 to 0.40 mass%.
Ｍｎ：０．１０〜２．０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｍｎは低コストで鋼の強度を上げることができ、さらに熱間脆性を防止できる元素であるので、０．１０ｍａｓｓ％以上含有させる。しかしながら、２．０ｍａｓｓ％を超える含有は、鋼の靱性および溶接性を低下させるため、Ｍｎは２．０ｍａｓｓ％以下とする。なお、強度の確保と介在物抑制の観点から、好ましくは０．８０〜１．４ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Mn: 0.10 to 2.0 mass%
Mn is an element that can increase the strength of the steel at a low cost and can prevent hot brittleness, so it is contained in an amount of 0.10 mass% or more. However, if the content exceeds 2.0 mass%, the toughness and weldability of the steel are reduced, so Mn is set to 2.0 mass% or less. In addition, from the viewpoint of securing strength and suppressing inclusions, the range is preferably 0.80 to 1.4 mass%.
Ｐ：０．０２５ｍａｓｓ％以下
Ｐは粒界に偏析することで、鋼の母材靱性のみならず、溶接性および溶接部靱性を劣化させる有害な元素であるので、できるだけ低減することが望ましい。特に、Ｐの含有量が０．０２５ｍａｓｓ％を超えると、母材靱性および溶接部靱性の低下が大きくなる。よって、Ｐは０．０２５ｍａｓｓ％以下とする。好ましくは０．０２０ｍａｓｓ％以下であり、より好ましくは０．０１５ｍａｓｓ％以下である。
P: 0.025 mass% or less P is a harmful element that deteriorates not only the base metal toughness of steel but also the weldability and weld toughness by segregating at the grain boundaries, so it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible. In particular, when the P content exceeds 0.025 mass%, the deterioration of the base material toughness and the welded portion toughness increases. Therefore, P is set to 0.025 mass% or less. Preferably it is 0.020 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.015 mass% or less.
Ｓ：０．００５〜０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％以下
ＳはＣｕと金属間化合物Ｃｕ２Ｓを生成し、耐硫酸性を向上させる。これは、Ｃｕ２Ｓは酸性中で難溶性であり、錆中に点在することで、Ｈ＋やＳＯ４ ２−などのイオンの地鉄界面への経路を減少させるからである。この効果はＳ含有量が０．００５％以上の場合に発揮される。しかしながら、Ｍｎと局部腐食の起点となるＭｎＳを形成し、耐局部腐食性を低下させ、さらに、鋼の靱性および溶接性を劣化させる有害な元素であるので、本発明では０．００５〜０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％とした。また、好ましくは、０．００７％超０．０５０％以下であり、さらに、好ましくは０．０１０％超０．０５０％以下である。
S: 0.005 to 0.050 mass% or less S generates Cu and an intermetallic compound Cu 2 S, and improves sulfuric acid resistance. This is because Cu 2 S is hardly soluble in acid, and is scattered in rust, thereby reducing the route of ions such as H + and SO 4 2− to the ground iron interface. This effect is exhibited when the S content is 0.005% or more. However, it is a harmful element that forms Mn and MnS as a starting point of local corrosion, lowers the local corrosion resistance, and further deteriorates the toughness and weldability of the steel. It was set to 050 mass%. Further, it is preferably more than 0.007% and 0.050% or less, more preferably more than 0.010% and 0.050% or less.
Ａｌ：０．００５〜０．１０ｍａｓｓ％
Ａｌは脱酸剤として添加される。このためには０．００５ｍａｓｓ％以上の含有を必要とするが、０．１０ｍａｓｓ％を超える含有は、溶接した場合に、溶接金属部の靱性を低下させる。よって、Ａｌは０．００５〜０．１０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲に制限した。また、好ましくは０．０１〜０．０５ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Al: 0.005-0.10 mass%
Al is added as a deoxidizer. For this purpose, the content of 0.005 mass% or more is required, but the content exceeding 0.10 mass% reduces the toughness of the weld metal part when welding. Therefore, Al was limited to the range of 0.005 to 0.10 mass%. Moreover, Preferably it is the range of 0.01-0.05 mass%.
Ｃｕ：０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｃｕは腐食生成物を緻密にし、地鉄へのＨ２Ｏ、Ｏ２、Ｃｌ−の拡散を抑制する。また、金属間化合物Ｃｕ２Ｓｂ、Ｃｕ２Ｓを生成させ、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールドの塗膜剥離後の鋼材の耐食性が向上する。この効果は、０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以上の含有で発現するが、添加量が多くなると溶接性や母材の靭性が低下する。そのため、０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲とする。好ましくは０．０５〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Cu: 0.01-1.0 mass%
Cu densifies the corrosion products and suppresses the diffusion of H 2 O, O 2 , and Cl − into the ground iron. Moreover, the intermetallic compounds Cu 2 Sb and Cu 2 S are generated, and the corrosion resistance of the steel material after the coating film peeling of the coal ship and the coal / ore combined-use ship hold is improved. This effect is manifested when the content is 0.01% by mass or more. However, as the amount added increases, the weldability and the toughness of the base material decrease. Therefore, the range is 0.01 to 1.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.50 mass%.
Ｎｉ：０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％
ＮｉはＣｕと同様に腐食生成物を緻密にし、地鉄へのＨ２Ｏ、Ｏ２、Ｃｌ−の拡散を抑制する。これにより、鋼の耐食性が向上する。この効果は、０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以上の含有で発現するが、１．０ｍａｓｓ％を超えると効果が飽和すると共にコストも上昇するため、０．０１〜１．０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲とする。好ましくは０．０５〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Ni: 0.01-1.0 mass%
Ni, like Cu, densifies the corrosion products and suppresses the diffusion of H 2 O, O 2 , and Cl − into the ground iron. Thereby, the corrosion resistance of steel improves. This effect is manifested when the content is 0.01% by mass or more. However, if the content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the effect is saturated and the cost increases, so the range is 0.01 to 1.0% by mass. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.50 mass%.
Ｓｂ：０．０１０〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｓｂは鋼材に合金元素として０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％以上を含有させると、低ｐＨ環境において地鉄近傍に濃縮する。Ｓｂは大きな水素過電圧を持つため、Ｓｂが析出した部分では水素発生反応が抑制され、耐食性が向上する。
また、Ｃｕと金属間化合物であるＣｕ２Ｓｂを形成することで、さらに耐食性が向上する。一方、Ｓｂは０．５０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて添加すると靭性を低下させる。よって、Ｓｂは０．０１０〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲に制限した。好ましくは０．０３０〜０．２０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Sb: 0.010 to 0.50 mass%
When Sb contains 0.010 mass% or more as an alloy element in the steel material, it is concentrated near the ground iron in a low pH environment. Since Sb has a large hydrogen overvoltage, the hydrogen generation reaction is suppressed at the portion where Sb is deposited, and the corrosion resistance is improved.
Further, by forming the Cu 2 Sb is Cu intermetallic compound, to further improve the corrosion resistance. On the other hand, when Sb is added exceeding 0.50 mass%, the toughness is lowered. Therefore, Sb was limited to a range of 0.010 to 0.50 mass%. Preferably it is the range of 0.030-0.20 mass%.
Ｎ：０．００１０〜０．００８０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｎは靱性を低下させる元素であり、できるだけ低減することが望ましい。しかしながら、工業的には０．００１０ｍａｓｓ％未満に低減するのは難しい。一方、０．００８０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて含有させると靱性の著しい劣化を招く。よって本発明では、Ｎは０．００１０〜０．００８０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲に制限した。
N: 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass%
N is an element that lowers toughness, and is desirably reduced as much as possible. However, it is difficult to reduce it to less than 0.0010 mass% industrially. On the other hand, when it contains exceeding 0.0080 mass%, the remarkable toughness deterioration will be caused. Therefore, in the present invention, N is limited to the range of 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass%.
さらに、本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えて、Ｃｒを下記の範囲で含有することができる。 Furthermore, the steel material of the present invention can contain Cr in the following range in addition to the above components.
Ｃｒ：０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％以下
Ｃｒは、低ｐＨ環境で加水分解を起こすため、耐食性を低下させる元素であるので無添加でよい。しかし、強度調整のためＣｒを添加することができるが、特にその含有量が０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％を超えると耐食性の低下が著しくなるため、Ｃｒを含有させる場合、その含有量は０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％以下とすることが好ましい。
Cr: 0.050 mass% or less Cr is an element that lowers the corrosion resistance because it causes hydrolysis in a low pH environment, so it may be added without addition. However, Cr can be added to adjust the strength, but particularly when the content exceeds 0.050 mass%, the corrosion resistance decreases significantly. Therefore, when Cr is contained, the content is 0.050 mass% or less. It is preferable that
さらに、本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えて、ＷおよびＭｏのうちから選ばれる１種または２種を下記の範囲で含有することができる。 Furthermore, in addition to the said component, the steel material of this invention can contain 1 type or 2 types chosen from W and Mo in the following range.
Ｗ：０．００５〜０．５ｍａｓｓ％およびＭｏ：０．００５〜０．５ｍａｓｓ％
ＷおよびＭｏは鋼に含有させると鋼の耐食性を向上させる元素で、裸材さらには塗膜下腐食を抑制する効果も有している。これらの効果を得るためには、いずれも０．００５ｍａｓｓ％以上を含有させることが好ましい。しかし、０．５ｍａｓｓ％を超えて添加しても効果が飽和するだけでなく、コストが嵩むため、含有させる場合には、０．５ｍａｓｓ％以下とすることが好ましい。
W: 0.005-0.5 mass% and Mo: 0.005-0.5 mass%
When W and Mo are contained in steel, they are elements that improve the corrosion resistance of the steel, and have the effect of suppressing bare material and further corrosion under the coating film. In order to acquire these effects, it is preferable to contain 0.005 mass% or more of all. However, even if added over 0.5 mass%, the effect is not only saturated, but also the cost increases. Therefore, when it is contained, the content is preferably set to 0.5 mass% or less.
本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えてさらに、Ｎｂを下記の範囲で含有させることができる。 In addition to the above components, the steel material of the present invention can further contain Nb in the following range.
Ｎｂ：０．００１〜０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｎｂは酸化皮膜Ｎｂ２Ｏ５を生成し耐酸性を向上させるだけでなく、鋼の強度を高める元素であり、必要とする強度に応じて選択して含有させることができる。また、このような効果を得るためには、Ｎｂは０．００１ｍａｓｓ％以上が好ましい。一方、Ｎｂは０．０５０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて添加すると靱性が低下するため、上記の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。
Nb: 0.001 to 0.050 mass%
Nb is an element that not only generates the oxide film Nb 2 O 5 and improves the acid resistance but also increases the strength of the steel, and can be selected and contained according to the required strength. In order to obtain such an effect, Nb is preferably 0.001 mass% or more. On the other hand, when Nb is added in excess of 0.050 mass%, the toughness is lowered, so that Nb is preferably contained in the above range.
さらに、本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えて、ＣａおよびＭｇの１種または２種をＣａ：０．０００５〜０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％およびＭｇ：０．０００１〜０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲で含有することができる。
Ｃａは０．０００５％以上の添加で、また、Ｍｇは０．０００１ｍａｓｓ％以上の添加で、いずれも、腐食界面のｐＨを上昇させる効果があるため、石炭腐食環境のような硫酸環境では、腐食抑制効果が認められる。また、Ｃａを０．０００５％以上添加すると、同時に、介在物形態制御効果も発揮され、鋼の延性および靱性を高めることができるので好ましい。しかし、過度に添加すると、粗大な介在物を形成し母材の靱性を劣化させるので、Ｃａ及びＭｇのいずれも、含有させる場合にはその量の上限をいずれも０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％とすることが好ましい。
本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えてさらに、Ｔｉ、ＺｒおよびＶから選ばれる１種以上を下記の範囲で含有させることができる。
Furthermore, in addition to the above components, the steel material of the present invention contains one or two of Ca and Mg in the range of Ca: 0.0005 to 0.010 mass% and Mg: 0.0001 to 0.010 mass%. be able to.
Since Ca is added in an amount of 0.0005% or more, and Mg is added in an amount of 0.0001 mass% or more, both have the effect of increasing the pH of the corrosion interface. An inhibitory effect is observed. Moreover, it is preferable to add 0.0005% or more of Ca because the inclusion shape control effect is also exhibited and the ductility and toughness of the steel can be improved. However, if added excessively, coarse inclusions are formed and the toughness of the base material is deteriorated. Therefore, when both Ca and Mg are contained, the upper limit of the amount may be 0.010 mass%. preferable.
In addition to the above components, the steel material of the present invention may further contain one or more selected from Ti, Zr and V in the following range.
Ｔｉ：０．００１〜０．０３０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｚｒ：０．００１〜０．０３０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｖ：０．００２〜０．２０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｔｉ、ＺｒおよびＶはいずれも、鋼の強度を高める元素であり、必要とする強度に応じて選択して含有させることができる。このような効果を得るためには、ＴｉおよびＺｒは０．００１ｍａｓｓ％以上、Ｖは０．００２ｍａｓｓ％以上含有させることが好ましい。しかしながら、ＴｉおよびＺｒはいずれも０．０３０ｍａｓｓ％、また、Ｖは０．２０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて含有させるとそれぞれ靱性が低下するため、Ｔｉ、ＺｒおよびＶを含有させる場合には、それぞれ、上記の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。
Ti: 0.001 to 0.030 mass%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.030 mass%, V: 0.002 to 0.20 mass%
Ti, Zr, and V are all elements that increase the strength of the steel, and can be selected and contained according to the required strength. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain Ti and Zr in an amount of 0.001 mass% or more and V in an amount of 0.002 mass% or more. However, Ti and Zr are both 0.030 mass%, and if V is contained in excess of 0.20 mass%, the toughness decreases. Therefore, when Ti, Zr and V are contained, It is preferable to make it contain in the range.
本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えてさらに、靱性向上を目的として、ＲＥＭおよびＹから選ばれる１種以上を下記の範囲で添加することができる。 In addition to the above components, the steel material of the present invention may further contain one or more selected from REM and Y within the following range for the purpose of improving toughness.
ＲＥＭ：０．０００１〜０．０１５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｙ：０．０００１〜０．１０ｍａｓｓ％
ＲＥＭ（希土類金属）およびＹはいずれも溶接熱影響部の靱性を高める元素であり、必要に応じて含有させることができる。この効果は、ＲＥＭおよびＹのいずれも０．０００１ｍａｓｓ％以上の含有で得られる。しかし、ＲＥＭは０．０１５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｙは０．１０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて含有すると、靱性の低下を招くので、ＲＥＭ、Ｙを含有させる場合には、それぞれ、上記の範囲とすることが好ましい。
REM: 0.0001-0.0150 mass%, Y: 0.0001-0.10 mass%
REM (rare earth metal) and Y are both elements that increase the toughness of the weld heat affected zone, and can be contained as necessary. This effect is obtained when both REM and Y are contained in an amount of 0.0001 mass% or more. However, when REM contains 0.0150 mass% and Y exceeds 0.10 mass%, the toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, when REM and Y are contained, it is preferable to set the above ranges.
本発明の鋼材は、上記成分に加えてさらに、強度向上を目的として、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ、Ｃｏから選ばれる１種以上を下記の範囲で含有させることができる。 In addition to the above components, the steel material of the present invention may further contain one or more selected from Se, Te, and Co in the following range for the purpose of improving the strength.
Ｓｅ：０．０００５〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｔｅ：０．０００５〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｃｏ：０．０１０〜０．５０ｍａｓｓ％のうちから１種以上
Ｓｅ、ＴｅおよびＣｏは、鋼の強度を高める元素であり、必要に応じて含有させることができる。この効果を得るためには、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅは０．０００５ｍａｓｓ％以上、Ｃｏは０．０１０ｍａｓｓ％以上含有させることが好ましいが、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ、およびＣｏは、いずれも、０．５０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて含有させると靱性や溶接性が低下するため、含有する場合には上記の範囲とすることが好ましい。
One or more of Se: 0.0005 to 0.50 mass%, Te: 0.0005 to 0.50 mass%, and Co: 0.010 to 0.50 mass% increase the strength of the steel. It is an element and can be contained as required. In order to obtain this effect, Se and Te are preferably contained in an amount of 0.0005 mass% or more, and Co is preferably contained in an amount of 0.010 mass% or more. However, Se, Te, and Co all exceed 0.50 mass%. When it is contained, the toughness and weldability are lowered, so when it is contained, the above range is preferable.
本発明における化学成分のうち、上記以外の成分はＦｅおよび不可避的不純物である。ただし、本発明の効果をなくさない範囲内であれば、上記以外の成分の含有を拒むものではない。 Among the chemical components in the present invention, components other than those described above are Fe and inevitable impurities. However, as long as the effects of the present invention are not lost, the inclusion of components other than those described above is not rejected.
いっぽう、Ｓｎは後に実施例で示すように、腐食減量および最大孔食深さを抑制する効果はない。そればかりか、現時点においてメカニズムは必ずしも明確ではないものの、Ｓｎを含有することにより、耐食性に悪影響が及ぶ場合のあることが判明した。さらに、Ｓｎは、Ｃｕと共存するとＣｕの融点を下げ、さらに鉄への固溶度も下げるため、Ｃｕが鋼材表面の粒界に析出し、熱間割れを引き起こす。そのため、Ｓｎの添加は行わないが、その含有量が０．００５ｍａｓｓ％未満であれば、耐食性の著しい劣化は認められず、また、熱間割れを生じさせることはないので、不純物として許容できる。 On the other hand, Sn does not have an effect of suppressing the corrosion weight loss and the maximum pitting corrosion depth, as will be shown later in Examples. In addition, although the mechanism is not necessarily clear at the present time, it has been found that the inclusion of Sn may adversely affect the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, Sn coexists with Cu lowers the melting point of Cu and further lowers the solid solubility in iron, so that Cu precipitates at grain boundaries on the surface of the steel material and causes hot cracking. Therefore, Sn is not added. However, if the content is less than 0.005 mass%, no significant deterioration of the corrosion resistance is observed, and hot cracking is not caused, which is acceptable as an impurity.
次に、本発明に係る耐食鋼材の好適製造方法について説明するが、本発明を適用できる製造方法はこれに限られない。 Next, although the suitable manufacturing method of the corrosion-resistant steel material which concerns on this invention is demonstrated, the manufacturing method which can apply this invention is not restricted to this.
連続鋳造などにより得られた鋼材をそのまま、あるいは冷却後に再加熱して、熱間圧延を行なう。耐食性を発揮させる為の熱処理条件は問わないが、機械的特性の観点からは適切な圧下比を確保する必要がある。熱間圧延の仕上温度が７５０℃未満となると変形抵抗が大きくなり、形状不良が起きるため、仕上温度は、７５０℃以上とすることが好ましい。 The steel material obtained by continuous casting or the like is subjected to hot rolling as it is or after reheating after cooling. The heat treatment conditions for exhibiting corrosion resistance are not limited, but it is necessary to ensure an appropriate reduction ratio from the viewpoint of mechanical properties. When the finishing temperature of hot rolling is less than 750 ° C., deformation resistance increases and shape failure occurs. Therefore, the finishing temperature is preferably 750 ° C. or higher.
例えば、仕上温度を７５０℃以上、その後１５０℃／ｍｉｎ以上の冷却速度で６００℃以下まで冷却速度を制御することで、引張強さ４９０Ｎ／ｍ２級以上の鋼材を製造することができる。仕上げ温度が７５０℃未満では変形抵抗が大きくなり形状不良がおき、また冷却速度１５０℃／ｍｉｎ未満では４９０Ｎ／ｍ２級以上の強度が得られない。 For example, a steel material having a tensile strength of 490 N / m 2 or higher can be produced by controlling the cooling rate to 600 ° C. or lower at a finishing temperature of 750 ° C. or higher and then a cooling rate of 150 ° C./min or higher. When the finishing temperature is less than 750 ° C., the deformation resistance becomes large and a shape defect occurs, and when the cooling rate is less than 150 ° C./min, a strength of 490 N / m 2 or more cannot be obtained.
表１に示す成分となる鋼を、真空溶解炉で溶製または転炉溶製後、連続鋳造によりスラブとした。ついで、スラブを加熱炉に装入して１２００℃に加熱し、仕上圧延終了温度８００℃の熱間圧延により２５ｍｍ厚の鋼板とした。 The steel which becomes a component shown in Table 1 was made into a slab by continuous casting after melting or converter melting in a vacuum melting furnace. Next, the slab was charged into a heating furnace and heated to 1200 ° C., and a steel plate having a thickness of 25 mm was formed by hot rolling at a finish rolling finishing temperature of 800 ° C.
本発明者らは、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド内の腐食でもっとも船舶の破壊に影響を与える孔食発生のメカニズムを調査した結果、以下のようであった。ばら積み貨物船の側壁部は、シングルハルとなっていて、積荷と海水とは鋼材１枚隔てているだけである。そのため、海水と船倉内の温度差により、船倉側壁部には結露水が生じ、鋼材及び石炭表面が濡れ、石炭表面に吸着しているＨ２ＳＯ４由来の物質が水膜に滲出する。メニスカスを形成する石炭下で孔食が進展し、メニスカス部分では、鋼材の腐食にＨ＋が消費されていくため、Ｈ＋濃度が減少していく。一方、石炭表面にはＨ＋が多く存在するため、石炭表面とメニスカス部分でＨ＋濃度の差が生まれる。その化学ポテンシャルの差を駆動力とし、メニスカス部分に石炭表面からＨ＋が供給されると考えられる。そして、乾燥過程で未反応のＨ＋は再び石炭表面に固着し、次の結露過程で腐食反応に使用され、この過程が長期的なサイクルで起こり、メニスカス部分で腐食がより進行し、孔食が形成されていく。本メカニズムを基に、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド内の孔食を実験室的に模擬すべく以下の条件とした。 As a result of investigating the mechanism of pitting corrosion that most affects the destruction of the ship due to the corrosion in the hold of the coal ship and the coal / ore combined ship, the present inventors have found the following. The side wall of the bulk carrier is a single hull, and the cargo and seawater are separated from each other only by one piece of steel. Therefore, due to the temperature difference between the seawater and the hold, dew condensation water is generated on the side wall of the hold, the steel material and the surface of the coal are wet, and the H 2 SO 4 -derived substance adsorbed on the surface of the coal oozes into the water film. Pitting corrosion progresses under the coal that forms the meniscus, and H + is consumed for corrosion of the steel material in the meniscus portion, so the H + concentration decreases. On the other hand, since a large amount of H + exists on the coal surface, a difference in H + concentration is produced between the coal surface and the meniscus portion. The difference in chemical potential is used as the driving force, and it is considered that H + is supplied from the coal surface to the meniscus portion. Unreacted H + adheres to the coal surface again during the drying process, and is used for the corrosion reaction in the next dew condensation process. This process takes place in a long-term cycle, causing more corrosion in the meniscus area and pitting corrosion. Will be formed. Based on this mechanism, the following conditions were used to simulate pitting corrosion in the hold of coal ships and coal / ore combined ships.
本実施例は、以下に示す条件で試験を行うことで、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド内の腐食に大きな影響を及ぼす温湿度環境、結露状況を模擬している。前記鋼板から、５ｍｍｔ×５０ｍｍＷ×７５ｍｍＬの試験片を採取し、その試験片の表面をショットブラストして、表面のスケールや油分を除去した。この面を試験面とすることにより、塗膜剥離後の鋼材の耐食性を評価した。裏面と端面をシリコン系シールでコーティングした後、アクリル製の治具に嵌め込み、その上に石炭５ｇを敷き詰め、低温恒温恒湿器により、図１に示す雰囲気Ａ（温度６０℃、相対湿度９５％、２０時間） ⇔ 雰囲気Ｂ（温度３０℃、相対湿度９５％、３時間） 遷移時間０．５時間の温度湿度サイクルを８４日間与えた。ここで、記号「 ⇔ 」は繰り返しという意味で使用している。なお、石炭は５ｇを秤量し、常温で１００ｍｌの蒸留水に２時間浸漬したのち、ろ過を行ない２００ｍｌに希釈した石炭浸出液のｐＨが３．０になるものを用いた。本実施例は、こうした条件で試験を行うことにより、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船のホールド内の腐食に大きな影響を及ぼす温湿度環境、結露状況を模擬している。試験後、錆剥離液を用い、各試験片の錆を剥離し、鋼材の重量減少量を測定し腐食量とした。また、生じた最大孔食深さデプスメーターを用いて測定を行った。その結果を表２に示す。 This example simulates a temperature / humidity environment and dew condensation that have a great influence on the corrosion in the hold of coal ships and coal / ore combined ships by performing tests under the following conditions. A test piece of 5 mm t × 50 mm W × 75 mm L was collected from the steel plate, and the surface of the test piece was shot blasted to remove surface scale and oil. By using this surface as a test surface, the corrosion resistance of the steel material after coating film peeling was evaluated. After coating the back and end surfaces with silicone seals, they are fitted into acrylic jigs, and 5 g of coal is laid on top, and the atmosphere A (temperature 60 ° C., relative humidity 95%) shown in FIG. 20 hours) ⇔ Atmosphere B (temperature 30 ° C., relative humidity 95%, 3 hours) A temperature-humidity cycle with a transition time of 0.5 hours was given for 84 days. Here, the symbol “⇔” is used to mean repetition. In addition, 5 g of coal was weighed, immersed in 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature for 2 hours, filtered, and the coal leachate diluted to 200 ml having a pH of 3.0 was used. In this example, the test is conducted under such conditions, thereby simulating a temperature / humidity environment and a dew condensation state that greatly affect the corrosion in the hold of the coal ship and the coal / ore combined ship. After the test, using a rust remover, the rust of each test piece was peeled off, and the weight loss of the steel material was measured to obtain the amount of corrosion. Moreover, it measured using the generated maximum pitting depth depth meter. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２から、番号Ｎｏ．１〜４ではＣｕを添加した状態で、Ｓを増加させると腐食量、最大孔食深さが抑制されることがわかる。同様に番号Ｎｏ．５〜８ではＳｂを添加した状態で、Ｃｕを増加させると腐食量、最大孔食深さが抑制されることがわかる。また、Ｎｏ．２とＮｏ．１３の比較から、Ｃｕ、Ｓｂ、Ｓ添加ならば、Ｃｒを添加しても腐食量、最大孔食深さは抑制されるが、Ｃｒ添加は少ないほうが良いことがわかる。Ｎｏ．１４〜２８では、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｎｂ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇを添加することで、さらに腐食量、最大孔食深さが抑制されることがわかる。 From Table 2, the number No. 1 to 4, it can be seen that when S is increased with Cu added, the amount of corrosion and the maximum pitting depth are suppressed. Similarly, the number No. 5 to 8, it can be seen that when Cu is increased with Sb added, the corrosion amount and the maximum pitting depth are suppressed. No. 2 and No. From the comparison of 13, it can be seen that if Cu, Sb, and S are added, the amount of corrosion and the maximum pitting depth are suppressed even if Cr is added, but it is better to add less Cr. No. In 14-28, it turns out that the amount of corrosion and the maximum pitting corrosion depth are further suppressed by adding Mo, W, Nb, Ca, and Mg.
本発明に係る鋼材は、石炭や鉱石のメカニカルダメージにより塗膜が剥離し易く、さらに乾湿繰返しかつ低ｐＨ環境下に曝される、石炭船および石炭・鉱石兼用船ホールドの構成部材として使用することができる。 The steel material according to the present invention is used as a constituent member of a coal ship and a coal / ore combined ship hold that is easily peeled off due to mechanical damage of coal and ore, and is exposed to repeated dry and wet conditions and a low pH environment. Can do.
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