JP2012512184A - 眼の状態に関する光線力学的療法 - Google Patents
眼の状態に関する光線力学的療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012512184A JP2012512184A JP2011541048A JP2011541048A JP2012512184A JP 2012512184 A JP2012512184 A JP 2012512184A JP 2011541048 A JP2011541048 A JP 2011541048A JP 2011541048 A JP2011541048 A JP 2011541048A JP 2012512184 A JP2012512184 A JP 2012512184A
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- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZAYDNBJEHDUZDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc 37,38,39,40-tetrazanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(37),2,4,6,8,10,12(39),13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35-nonadecaene Chemical compound [Zn+2].N1C(C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 ZAYDNBJEHDUZDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPGMCRJPQJYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;carbanide Chemical group [CH3-].[CH3-].[Zn+2] JRPGMCRJPQJYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 眼球の状態を処置する光線力学的療法の方法及び組成物を提供する。特に、眼の不所望の又は望ましくない血管新生によって特徴付けられる状態の処置のための、1対上の追加の治療(特に、抗VEGF剤及び抗炎症剤)と組み合わせて使用される光線力学的療法の方法を提供する。
【選択図】 なし
Description
本発明は、一般的には、光感受性物質(PS)の投与、及びPSを活性化することができる電磁照射の波長での照射を含むPDT方法を利用する。本発明は、本願に記載のいずれかの方法における使用のための薬剤の調製におけるPSの使用も含む。
例示的なプルプリン類は、オクタエチルプルプリン;オクタエチルプルプリン亜鉛;酸化オクタエチルプルプリン;還元オクタエチルプルプリン;還元オクタエチルプルプリン錫;プルプリン18;プルプリン‐18;プルプリン‐18‐メチルエステル;プルプリン;錫エチルエチオ(etio)プルプリンI;亜鉛(II)エチオ(aetio [sic, etio])‐プルプリンエチルエステル;及び亜鉛エチオプルプリンを含む。
上記式において、R4は、ビニル(基)又は1‐ヒドロキシエチル(基)であり、そして、R1、R2及びR3は、H又はアルキル(基)又は置換アルキル(基)である。
照射レベルは、本発明の分野において知られたCNVのPDT処置に一般的に採用される範囲内だろう。本発明の実施に関する典型的なレベルは、約、12.5、25、50、75、及び100J/cm2の範囲内である。照射は、使用されるPSによって吸収される波長を使用する任意の従来の光源によって供給することができる。本発明の方法における使用に関する光源の例は、可視光を作り出すことができる任意の機構を含む。
投与される製剤におけるPSの濃度は、処置される組織の性質、製剤が投与される様式、及びPSの性質に依存するだろう。しかしながら、典型的な濃度は、約1ng/mlから約10μg/mlの範囲内であり、好ましくは約2ng/mlから約1μg/mlの範囲内であり、典型的には約10ng/mlから約100ng/mlの範囲内である。しかしながら、これらの値は単なる示唆に過ぎず、全てのPSには適用できない。BPD−MA、及び他の緑色ポルフィリン、又はポルフィリン誘導体(特に、上記のリストされたもの)の局所的な適用に関して、約0.01から約0.2又は約0.5mg/mlの範囲が考慮される。好ましくは、約0.075mg/mlが使用される。PSの全身への適用に関して、範囲は、約2−8(又はより好ましくは6)mg/m2(BPD−MA/体表面積)であり得る。6mg/m2は、およそ0.15mg/kgである。好ましい実施形態において、PSは、商業的に入手可能なビスダイン(Visdyne、登録商標)(ベルテポルフィン、注射用)を含む。
本発明の眼球の血管新生の処置への適用において、光活性剤は、好ましくは、標的の眼球組織に効果的な濃度を送達するように製剤化される。光活性剤は、標的の眼球組織の特異的な表面成分に結合することができる特異的な結合リガンドにカップル化することができるし、又は、所望の場合には、標的組織により高い濃度を送達させる担体との製剤化によってカップル化することもできる。該製剤は、リポソーム製剤、エマルジョン又は単なる水溶液であり得る。バッファ及び他の賦形剤も加えることができる。ゲル化剤及び他の賦形剤も採用することができる。
本発明は、抗VEGF剤を組み合わせ療法において利用する。好ましい抗VEGF因子は、血管内皮増殖因子に結合して、血管内皮増殖因子の受容体への結合を妨げる又減少させることが可能な抗体、ペプチド、及び、核酸を含む。本発明の使用に関する好ましい抗VEGF剤は、血管内皮増殖因子受容体(VEGF-2R)の抗体である。本願で使用されるように、本発明を含む使用に関する抗体はモノクローナル抗体、ポリクローナル抗体、及び、それらの抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。抗VEGF剤は、例えば、約0.01mg/kgから約500mg/kgまで、より好ましくは約0.01mg/kgから250mg/kgまでの投与量の範囲で投与される。VEGFに結合する抗体は、静脈内に投与することができ、より好ましくはボーラス(bolus)として、約5μg/眼から約5mg/眼まで範囲の投与量で投与することができる。好ましい抗VEGFは、ラニビズマブ(ranibizumab)及びベバシズマブ(bevacizumab)を含む。
本発明の方法は、PDTと、抗VEGF剤と、抗炎症剤との組み合わせの使用によって更に増強することができる。抗炎症剤は、炎症の進行を妨げるないしは抑制する任意の薬剤でありうる。本発明で使用のための抗炎症剤は、ステロイド性の薬剤及び非ステロイド性の薬剤を含む。好ましくは、抗炎症剤は、PSの投与の後に投与される。好ましくは、抗炎症剤は、デキサメタゾンなどのステロイドを含む。商業的に入手可能な抗炎症剤を使用する場合には、ステロイドは、硝子体内に投与することができるし、他の投与経路(指示されている投与方法、そして、各々の使用説明書(package insert)に記載の投与量や本願明細書に記載の投与量)も利用することができる。他の実施形態において、デキサメタゾンは約0.4mg及び約0.8mgの間の投与量で、PSの投与の約2時間以内で、かつ、前記抗VEGF因子の投与の後に投与することができる。本発明の実施形態において、デキサメタゾンは、約0.5mgの投与量で送達される。いくつかの実施形態において、抗炎症剤は、抗VEGF剤の投与後の一定期間中に投与され、眼の眼圧が許容不可能なレベルまで増加していないことが観察される
研究は、24ヶ月間にわたり、無作為にグループ分けされた患者における制御された試験であり、以下の3つの組み合わせ処置の処法(レジメン)を評価するようにデザインされる:(1)非常に低いフルーエンスのvPDT(15J/cm2)と、ラニビズマブ(0.5mg)と、デキサメタゾン(0.5mg)との組み合わせ;(2)半分のフルーエンスのvPDT(25J/cm2)と、ラニビズマブと、デキサメタゾンとの組み合わせ;そして、(3)半分のフルーエンスのvPDTと、ラニビズマブとの組み合わせ。これらの処法を、加齢性黄斑変性(AMD)に起因する中心窩下の脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)を患う患者におけるラニビズマブ単独療法と比較する。参加(組み入れ)基準は、50歳以上であること;以前にAMD処置を受けていないこと;最高矯正視力(BCVA)のレタースコアが73−24であること;AMDに起因する中心窩下のCNVを患っていること;そして、病変部のサイズが9DA未満であることである。患者(N=160)は、ベースラインで4つの処置方法の1つに無作為(ランダム)に割り当てられ、1回最初の処置を受け、毎月OCT及びFAを使用する新規の基準に基づいて再処置について評価された。ラニビズマブ単独療法群の患者は、1ヶ月目及び2ヶ月目において義務的に必ず投与を受け、その後、同一の再処置基準に基づいて必要に応じて投与を受ける。組み合わせ療法群の患者は、割り当てられた処置を再処置基準に基づいて必要に応じて(2ヶ月に1回よりも高い頻度にならないように)受け、その間の月(intervening month)に処置が必要な場合にはラニビズマブ注射を与える。研究結果は、効果、安全性、再処置の数を含む。
デキサメタゾンリン酸ナトリウム注射(Dexamethasone Sodium phosphate Injection)USP 10 mg/mL in 1 mLが本研究で使用された(Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA 又は Sandoz Canada Inc.)。1ミリリットル毎に、10mgのデキサメタゾンリン酸塩又は8.33mgのデキサメタゾン相当のデキサメタゾンリン酸ナトリウムが含まれる。この薬剤の不活性成分は、注射用の水における無水亜硫酸ナトリウム、無水クエン酸ナトリウム、及びベンジルアルコール(保存料)である。
ルセンティス単独療法。
半分のフルーエンスのビスダイン−ルセンティス(V−L)二重療法。
半分のフルーエンス(25J/cm2)のビスダイン−ルセンティス−デキサメタゾン(V−L−D)三重療法。
非常に低いフルーエンス(15J/cm2)のビスダイン−ルセンティス−デキサメタゾン(V−L−D)三重療法。
上記実施例1及び2に記載の研究において、加齢性黄斑変性の実験処置に適性があると診断されている患者の群は、図1〜3、18に示すように4つの群に分けられ、図4に示すような4つの処法の1つで以下のように処置された。
ルセンティス0.5mg単独療法:
− 0日目、1ヶ月目、及び2ヶ月目。
− 3〜12ヶ月目は、1月に1回の診断で必要に応じて(PRN)処置する(再処置基準に基づく)。
− 12ヶ月目の後から21ヶ月目までは、少なくとも3ヶ月に1回の診断で必要に応じて処置する(再処置基準に基づく)。
− 全てのルセンティス注射[の投与]は、≧28日間離れていなければならない。
半分のフルーエンスでのビスダイン−ルセンティス二重療法(25J/cm2:300mW/cm2、83秒間)ビスダインに続いて2時間以内に硝子体内へのルセンティス0.5mg:
− 0日目。
− 12ヶ月目まで1ヶ月に1回の診断。二重療法は必要に応じて(再処置基準に基づく)与えられるが、2ヶ月間(55日間)の処置間隔を下回らない(2ヶ月間ないし55日間以上の処置間隔を空ける)。その間の月に処置が必要な場合(再処置基準に基づく)には、被験者はルセンティス注射を受ける(ただし、以前のルセンティス注射からの[経過日数が]28日以上である場合に限る)。
− 12ヶ月目の後から24ヶ月目までは、少なくとも3ヶ月に1回診断する。処置は、上述のように、21ヶ月目まで必要に応じて行う。
− 0日目。
− 12ヶ月目まで1ヶ月に1回の診断。半分のフルーエンスの三重療法は必要に応じて(PRN)(再処置基準に基づく)与えられるが、2ヶ月間(55日間)の処置間隔を下回らない(2ヶ月ないし55日以上の処置間隔を空ける)。その間の月に処置が必要な場合(再処置基準に基づく)には、被験者はルセンティス注射を受ける(ただし、以前のルセンティス注射からの28日以上である場合に限る)。
− 12ヶ月目の後から24ヶ月目までは、少なくとも3ヶ月に1回診断する。処置は、上述のように、21ヶ月目まで必要に応じて行う。
− 0日目。
− 12ヶ月目まで1ヶ月に1回の診断。非常に低いフルーエンスの三重療法は必要に応じて(再処置基準に基づく)与えられるが、2ヶ月間(55日間)の処置間隔を下回らない。その間の月に処置が必要な場合(再処置基準に基づく)には、被験者はルセンティス注射を受ける(ただし、以前のルセンティス注射からの経過日数が28日以上である場合に限る)。
− 12ヶ月目の後から24ヶ月目までは、少なくとも3ヶ月に1回診断する。処置は、上述のように、21ヶ月目まで必要に応じて行う。
0日目において、全ての被験者は、無作為に割り当てられる(randomized)処置を受ける。ルセンティス単独療法に無作為に割り当てられる被験者は、1ヶ月目、及び、2ヶ月目において(≧28日の処置間隔を空けて)再処置される。その後から12ヶ月目まで、ルセンティス単独療法は、1ヶ月に1回(±1週間、処置間隔が≧28日となるように)、再処置基準に基づいて評価され、必要に応じて(pro re nata:PRN)与えられる(図5)。組み合わせ療法に無作為に割り当てられる被験者は、1ヶ月に1回、12ヶ月目まで評価され、そして、≧55日が前回の組み合わせ療法から経過しており、かつ、処置が再処置基準に基づいて必要とされる場合に、割り当てられている組み合わせ療法で再処置される。処置が必要とされるが、<55日しか以前の組み合わせ療法から経過していない場合には、組み合わせ療法に割り当てるられている被験者は、ルセンティス注射を受ける。ルセンティス注射は、≧28日の処置間隔を空ける。組み合わせ療法に割り当てられている被験者であって、前回の組み合わせ療法が<55日前であるので再処置のためのOCT基準を満足するがルセンティス注射を受ける被験者には、FAは必要ない。FAはPDTのための病変部のサイズ及び位置の決定に必要とされるので、FAはOCT再処置基準を満足した後に組み合わせ療法が適用される場合にのみ使用される(図2参照)。
少なくとも3ヶ月に1回、被験者はフォローアップ訪問(主に、安全性の評価のため)に参加し、ベースラインにおいて割り当てられている治療を必要に応じて処置される。(1年目のように、≧55日が以前の組み合わせ療法から経過しており、かつ、再処置基準に基づいて処置が必要とされる場合に、割り当てられている組み合わせ療法での再処置が与えられる。処置が必要とされるが、<55日しか以前の組み合わせ療法から経過していない場合には、組み合わせ療法に割り当てるられている被験者は、ルセンティス注射を受ける。ルセンティス注射は、≧28日の処置間隔を空ける。)全ての被験者は、OCTを毎回訪問時に受け、最高矯正視力のテストを18、24ヶ月目において受ける。24ヶ月目の訪問時には、研究処置は与えられない。
処置の開始前の患者のベースラインの特徴は図6に示される。
12ヶ月全体の予備的な解析結果は、ルセンティス単独療法に比べて組み合わせ療法の後における再処置の必要はより少なく、その違いは統計的に有意であったことを実証した。
12ヶ月でのラジカル(RADICAL)研究の一次的な結果
P値はルセンティス単独療法との比較による
Claims (40)
- 光線力学的療法(ホトダイナミックセラピー:PTD)を使用してヒトの被験者における不所望の脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)を処置する方法であって、
(a)前記血管新生を患う前記被験者に光感受性物質(PS)を有効量で投与して、眼球の標的組織に有効量が局在するようにし、そして、前記PSによって吸収される波長を含む電磁照射を用いて前記標的組織を照射するステップと、
(b)前記被験者に有効量の抗VEGF剤を投与するステップとを含み、
前記抗VEGF剤の投与が、ステップ(a)後の短期間の内に行われること、及び、
前記被験者における脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)の閉塞が行われること、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記CNVが、加齢性黄斑変性(AMD)を患う被験者又は加齢性黄斑変性を患うと診断された被験者におけるCNVであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- AMDが血管新生型(wet form)であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- AMDが、クラシック優性(predominantly classic)型、クラシック最小(minimally classic)型、又は潜在(occult)型であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- PSが、緑色ポルフィリンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 緑色ポルフィリンが、BPD−MA、BPD−DB、BPD−DA、EA6、及びB3から選択されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 緑色ポルフィリンがBPD−MAを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- PSが、医薬組成物として投与されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- PSが、リポソーム、エマルジョン又は水溶液から成る群から選択される医薬組成物として投与されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF剤が、血管内皮増殖因子の抗体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF剤が、ベバシズマブ又はラニビズマブを含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF剤がラニビズマブを含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記PSが、PSによって吸収される波長を含む電磁照射を用いて、減少したフルーエンスレートで照射され、
前記フルーエンスレートでは、約12.5から約25J/cm2の範囲の総光線量が送達されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記フルーエンスレートが、約500mW/cm2未満であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記フルーエンスレートでは、約25J/cm2の総光線量が送達されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 減少したフルーエンスレートが、約300mW/cm2であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- フルーエンスレートが、15J/cm2の総光線量を送達することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 減少したフルーエンスレートが、約180mW/cm2であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の後に抗炎症剤を投与するステップを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗炎症剤がステロイドを含むことを特徴とする請求項19に記載の方法。
- ステロイドがデキサメタゾンを含むことを特徴とする請求項20に記載の方法。
- デキサメタゾンが、硝子体内に送達されることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記デキサメタゾンが、約0.4及び約0.8mgの間の投与量で、ステップ(a)から約2時間以内に、前記抗VEGF剤の投与の後に、投与されることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記デキサメタゾンが、約0.5mgの投与量で送達されることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 最初の処置の後、少なくとも約6ヶ月以上の期間にわたって前記方法が繰り返されることを特徴とする請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 最初の処置の後、少なくとも約6ヶ月以上の期間において、約3ヶ月間に1回前記方法が繰り返されることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の方法。
- 最初の処置の後、少なくとも約6ヶ月の期間において、約55日間以上の処置間隔を空けて前記方法が繰り返されることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記被験者の視力が改善されることを特徴とする請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、以下の手法から成る群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の方法:
(i)BPD−MAを投与し、そして、300mW/cm2で約83秒間照射して、25J/cm2を送達した後、約2時間以内に硝子体内へラニビズマブを投与する手法、
(ii)BPD−MAを投与し、そして、300mW/cm2で約83秒間照射して、25J/cm2を送達した後、約2時間以内に硝子体内へラニビズマブを投与し、続いて、硝子体内へデキサメタゾンを投与する手法;
(iii)BPD−MAを投与し、そして、180mW/cm2で約83秒間照射して、15J/cm2を送達した後、約2時間以内に硝子体内へラニビズマブを投与し、続いて、硝子体内へデキサメタゾンを投与する手法。 - 前記方法が、約6ヶ月以上の期間において約55日間以上の処置間隔を空けて繰り返されることを特徴とする請求項29に記載の方法。
- BPD−MAを投与し、そして、300mW/cm2で約83秒間照射して、25J/cm2を送達した後、約2時間以内に硝子体内へラニビズマブを投与し、続いて、硝子体内へデキサメタゾンを投与することと、
前記方法が12ヶ月間にわたって約3回繰り返されること、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項29に記載の方法。 - BPD−MAを投与し、そして、180mW/cm2で約83秒間照射して、15J/cm2を送達した後、約2時間以内に硝子体内へラニビズマブを投与し、続いて、硝子体内へデキサメタゾンを投与することと、
前記方法が12ヶ月間にわたって約4回繰り返されること
を含むことを特徴とする請求項29に記載の方法。 - 被験者の視力が改善されることを特徴とする請求項1〜32のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの6ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約2.5レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの6ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約4レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの6ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約7レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項35に記載の方法。
- 光感受性物質(PS)の投与と、その後の抗VEGF剤の投与の間の短期間が約2時間を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜36のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの12ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約3.6レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの12ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約5レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項38に記載の方法。
- ベースラインからの12ヶ月後の視力のレタースコアの改善が、少なくとも約6.8レター以上であることを特徴とする請求項39に記載の方法。
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