JP2012237472A - Diagnosis method of refrigeration air conditioner, and estimation method of failure cause of refrigeration air conditioner - Google Patents
Diagnosis method of refrigeration air conditioner, and estimation method of failure cause of refrigeration air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、冷凍空調機の診断方法、および、冷凍空調機の不良原因推定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a refrigeration air conditioner diagnosis method and a refrigeration air conditioner failure cause estimation method.
冷凍空調機の冷媒回路では、作動流体として冷凍機油と冷媒が使用されている。冷凍機油と冷媒の劣化は、温度が高いほど進行が早く、例えば圧縮機内の摩擦熱で高温になる摺動部で多く生じる。また、冷凍機油中の添加剤（磨耗防止剤、酸化防止剤など）も同様に熱劣化する。このような劣化物は冷凍機油や冷媒に対して不溶であり、一般にスラッジと呼ばれる。このスラッジが多量に発生すると冷媒回路内において流路断面積の小さい毛細管やニードル弁などで流路閉塞を起こすことがある。このような状況になると流路抵抗が増大して冷媒の循環量が低下し、冷凍能力が低下する。 In the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration air conditioner, refrigeration oil and refrigerant are used as the working fluid. The deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant progresses more rapidly as the temperature is higher, and occurs more frequently at, for example, a sliding portion that becomes high temperature due to frictional heat in the compressor. In addition, additives (such as antiwear agents and antioxidants) in the refrigeration oil are also thermally deteriorated. Such deteriorated products are insoluble in refrigeration oil and refrigerant, and are generally called sludge. When a large amount of sludge is generated, the flow path may be blocked by a capillary or a needle valve having a small flow path cross-sectional area in the refrigerant circuit. In such a situation, the flow path resistance increases, the refrigerant circulation rate decreases, and the refrigeration capacity decreases.
以上のように、冷凍空調機の材料の劣化により発生するスラッジは冷凍空調機に重大な不具合を発生させる要因となる。このようなスラッジ発生の有無を調べる技術は皆無であり、スラッジ発生の有無を調べるためには機器を解体し、冷凍機油や配管を取り出して判断しなければならない。このため、機器を解体することなく、比較的容易に採取できる冷媒から冷凍空調機の異常を診断する技術が必要である。 As described above, sludge generated due to deterioration of the material of the refrigeration air conditioner becomes a factor that causes a serious problem in the refrigeration air conditioner. There is no technique for examining the presence or absence of such sludge. In order to examine the presence or absence of sludge, the equipment must be disassembled and the refrigeration oil and piping must be taken out and judged. For this reason, there is a need for a technique for diagnosing an abnormality of a refrigeration air conditioner from a refrigerant that can be collected relatively easily without disassembling the equipment.
冷媒を採取することによる冷凍空調機の構成材料の劣化診断方法としては、例えば、特許文献１（特開２００８−１７５７５１号公報）に開示された技術が挙げられる。特許文献１には、冷媒の劣化により生成し、冷媒中に含まれるハロゲンイオンの濃度を測定した結果、または、ハロゲンイオンを純水中に抽出して得た抽出液の電気伝導率を測定した結果により、冷媒の劣化の程度を診断する技術が開示されている。 As a method for diagnosing deterioration of a constituent material of a refrigeration air conditioner by collecting a refrigerant, for example, a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-175751) can be given. In Patent Document 1, the result of measuring the concentration of halogen ions produced by deterioration of the refrigerant and contained in the refrigerant, or the electrical conductivity of an extract obtained by extracting halogen ions into pure water was measured. As a result, a technique for diagnosing the degree of deterioration of the refrigerant is disclosed.
しかしながら、生成したハロゲンイオンは冷媒中に溶存して、機器の構成材料を腐食し、さらには地絡を生じさせることとなるため、冷凍空調機を長期間、安定して運転するには、ハロゲンイオンが発生する前の段階で機器の異常を診断する必要がある。 However, since the generated halogen ions dissolve in the refrigerant and corrode the component materials of the equipment and further cause a ground fault, in order to operate the refrigeration air conditioner stably for a long period of time, It is necessary to diagnose an abnormality in the device before the ion is generated.
本発明は、冷凍空調機を解体することなく、冷凍空調機から比較的容易に採取できる冷媒を採取・分析することにより、ハロゲンイオンが発生する前の段階で機器の異常を診断することのできる冷凍空調機の診断方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention can diagnose an abnormality of a device at a stage before halogen ions are generated by collecting and analyzing a refrigerant that can be collected relatively easily from the refrigeration air conditioner without disassembling the refrigeration air conditioner. It aims at providing the diagnostic method of a refrigerating air conditioner.
本発明は、冷凍空調機の冷媒中から、前記冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物が検出された場合に、前記冷凍空調機が異常であると判断する、冷凍空調機の診断方法である。 The present invention is a diagnostic method for a refrigerating air conditioner that determines that the refrigerating air conditioner is abnormal when a specific compound produced by the decomposition of the refrigerant is detected from the refrigerant of the refrigerating air conditioner.
前記冷凍空調機の診断方法は、加熱容器に冷媒のみを封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果と、加熱容器に冷媒および空気を封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果とから、前記特定化合物を決定する工程を含むことが好ましい。 The diagnostic method for the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus includes the specific compound based on a result of a refrigerant decomposition test performed by enclosing only a refrigerant in a heating container and a result of a refrigerant decomposition test performed by enclosing the refrigerant and air in a heating container. It is preferable to include the process of determining.
前記特定化合物は、メタン、エチレン、トリフルオロメタントリフルオロエタン、１，２−ジフルオロエテン、フルオロエテン、１，１，１，２−トリフルオロエタン、３，３，３−トリフルオロプロペン、トリフルオロ酢酸、１，１，１−トリフルオロプロパン−２−オン、および、メチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。 The specific compound is methane, ethylene, trifluoromethane trifluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethene, fluoroethene, 1,1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, trifluoroacetic acid 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one and at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl trifluoroacetate are preferable.
前記冷媒は、ＨＦＣ系冷媒であることが好ましい。
また、本発明は、冷凍空調機の冷媒中から、前記冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物のうち酸素原子を有する特定化合物が検出された場合に、冷凍空調機の冷媒回路内に空気が混入したと判断する、冷凍空調機の不良原因推定方法にも関する。
The refrigerant is preferably an HFC refrigerant.
Further, according to the present invention, when a specific compound having an oxygen atom is detected among the specific compounds generated by the decomposition of the refrigerant from the refrigerant of the refrigeration air conditioner, air is mixed into the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration air conditioner. It also relates to a method for estimating the cause of a defect in a refrigeration air conditioner.
前記冷凍空調機の不良原因推定方法は、加熱容器に冷媒のみを封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果と、加熱容器に冷媒および空気を封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果とから、前記特定化合物を決定する工程を含むことが好ましい。 The defect cause estimation method of the refrigeration air conditioner is based on the result of the refrigerant decomposition test performed by enclosing only the refrigerant in the heating container and the result of the refrigerant decomposition test performed by enclosing the refrigerant and air in the heating container. It is preferable to include a step of determining a specific compound.
前記酸素原子を有する特定化合物は、トリフルオロ酢酸、１，１，１−トリフルオロプロパン−２−オン、メチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。 The specific compound having an oxygen atom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one, and methyltrifluoroacetate.
前記冷媒は、ＨＦＣ系冷媒であることが好ましい。 The refrigerant is preferably an HFC refrigerant.
本発明によれば、冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物を検出することで、冷凍空調機を解体することなく、ハロゲンイオンが発生する前の段階で機器の異常を診断することができる。また、冷凍空調機に使用される冷媒、冷凍機油などの経年劣化や冷媒回路内におけるスラッジ発生の有無を判断することもできる。 According to the present invention, by detecting a specific compound generated by the decomposition of the refrigerant, it is possible to diagnose an abnormality of the device at a stage before the generation of halogen ions without disassembling the refrigeration air conditioner. In addition, it is possible to determine the aging deterioration of refrigerants and refrigerant oil used in refrigeration air conditioners and the presence or absence of sludge in the refrigerant circuit.
さらに、冷媒の分解生成物の中から酸素原子を有する特定化合物が検出されることを指標とすれば、冷凍空調機の不良原因が冷媒回路内に空気が混入したことによるものであると判断することができる。 Furthermore, if the index is that a specific compound having an oxygen atom is detected from the decomposition products of the refrigerant, it is determined that the cause of the failure of the refrigeration air conditioner is that air is mixed into the refrigerant circuit. be able to.
本発明において、冷凍空調機は、冷媒回路において、作動流体として少なくとも冷媒が使用されたものである。作動流体としてさらに冷凍機油などが使用されていてもよい。冷媒は、好ましくはハロゲン化炭化水素であり、より好ましくはＨＦＣ（ハイドロフルオロカーボン）系冷媒である。ＨＦＣ系冷媒としては、例えば、ＨＦＣ４１０Ａ、ＨＦＣ４０７Ｃ、ＨＦＣ３２が挙げられる。ＨＦＣ系冷媒の分解生成物としては、例えば、トリフルオロメタン、トリフルオロエタン、１，２−ジフルオロエテン、フルオロエテン、１，１，１，２−トリフルオロエタン、３，３，３−トリフルオロプロペン、トリフルオロ酢酸、１，１，１−トリフルオロプロパン−２−オン、メチルトリフルオロアセテートが挙げられる。冷媒は、このような分解生成物（特定化合物）に分解し、これらの化合物がさらに分解することで、フッ化水素などのハロゲンイオン化する物質が生成すると考えられる。したがって、これらの特定化合物の内の少なくとも１種を冷媒中から検出することにより、ハロゲンイオンが発生する前の段階で冷凍空調機の異常を診断することができる。 In the present invention, the refrigeration air conditioner is one in which at least a refrigerant is used as a working fluid in a refrigerant circuit. Refrigerating machine oil or the like may be further used as the working fluid. The refrigerant is preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon, more preferably an HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerant. Examples of the HFC refrigerant include HFC410A, HFC407C, and HFC32. Examples of the decomposition products of the HFC refrigerant include trifluoromethane, trifluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethene, fluoroethene, 1,1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. , Trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one, methyl trifluoroacetate. It is considered that the refrigerant is decomposed into such decomposition products (specific compounds), and these compounds are further decomposed to generate a halogen ionized substance such as hydrogen fluoride. Therefore, by detecting at least one of these specific compounds from the refrigerant, abnormality of the refrigeration air conditioner can be diagnosed at a stage before the generation of halogen ions.
特定化合物は、種々公知の方法で検出することができ、例えば、ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）やガスクロマトグラフ（ＧＣ）、高速液体クロマトグラフ（ＨＰＬＣ）を用いた方法により検出することができる。なお、本発明における特定化合物には、ハロゲンイオンは含まれない。 The specific compound can be detected by various known methods. For example, it can be detected by a method using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC / MS), a gas chromatograph (GC), or a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). it can. The specific compound in the present invention does not include a halogen ion.
本発明の冷凍空調機の診断方法および冷凍空調機の不良原因推定方法においては、加熱容器に冷媒を封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果から、特定化合物を決定する工程を含むことが好ましい。さらに、加熱容器に冷媒のみを封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果と、加熱容器に冷媒および空気を封入して行った冷媒分解試験の結果とから、前記特定化合物を決定する工程を含むことがより好ましい。なお、ここでいう冷媒とは、診断の対象となる冷凍空調機に使用される冷媒と同じ種類の冷媒であればよく、冷凍空調機からサンプリングした冷媒である必要はない。 In the refrigeration / air-conditioner diagnosis method and the refrigeration / air-conditioner failure cause estimation method of the present invention, it is preferable to include a step of determining a specific compound from the result of a refrigerant decomposition test performed by filling a refrigerant in a heating container. Further, the method includes a step of determining the specific compound from a result of a refrigerant decomposition test performed with only a refrigerant sealed in a heating container and a result of a refrigerant decomposition test performed with a refrigerant and air sealed in a heating container. Is more preferable. In addition, the refrigerant | coolant here should just be the refrigerant | coolant of the same kind as the refrigerant | coolant used for the refrigerating air conditioner used as a diagnosis object, and does not need to be the refrigerant sampled from the refrigerating air conditioner.
＜実施の形態１＞
上述のように、本発明は、冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物を検出することで、冷凍空調機の異常を診断する方法である。しかしながら、各種の冷媒の分解生成物が具体的に何であるかは明らかではないため、まずは、冷凍空調機に用いられている冷媒の分解によって、どのような化合物が生成するかを調べる必要がある。冷媒の分解生成物を見つけるためには、以下のような冷媒分解試験が最適である。
<Embodiment 1>
As described above, the present invention is a method for diagnosing an abnormality of a refrigeration air conditioner by detecting a specific compound generated by the decomposition of a refrigerant. However, since it is not clear what the decomposition products of various refrigerants are, it is first necessary to investigate what compounds are produced by the decomposition of the refrigerant used in the refrigeration air conditioner. . In order to find the decomposition products of the refrigerant, the following refrigerant decomposition test is optimal.
（冷媒分解試験）
冷媒分解生成物を見つけるために行った実験を以下に説明する。ＳＵＳ配管をつなぎ合わせて作成した１０ｃｃの加熱容器内に、ＨＦＣ系冷媒のみを封入したガスを試料Ａとする。また、ＨＦＣ系冷媒と空気を等量で調整したガスを容器に封入したものを試料Ｂとする。これらの試料を２００℃で所定の時間加熱した。加熱後の容器を室温まで冷却した後、容器内のガスをガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）で分析した。
(Refrigerant decomposition test)
Experiments conducted to find refrigerant decomposition products are described below. Sample A is a gas in which only an HFC-based refrigerant is sealed in a 10 cc heating container created by connecting SUS pipes. Sample B is a gas in which HFC-based refrigerant and air adjusted in equal amounts are sealed in a container. These samples were heated at 200 ° C. for a predetermined time. After the heated container was cooled to room temperature, the gas in the container was analyzed with a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC / MS).
図１に、ＨＦＣ系冷媒としてＨＦＣ３２を用いた試料Ｂについて、上記の方法で所定時間（２４、４８、７２、９６時間）加熱した場合における、分解した冷媒量と冷媒分解生成物量との関係を示す。分解した冷媒のモル数は、ＧＣ／ＭＳにより得られた加熱前後の冷媒のピーク面積値から求めた容器内の冷媒濃度から算出した。 FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the amount of refrigerant decomposed and the amount of refrigerant decomposition product when Sample B using HFC32 as an HFC-based refrigerant is heated for a predetermined time (24, 48, 72, 96 hours) by the above method. Show. The number of moles of the decomposed refrigerant was calculated from the refrigerant concentration in the container obtained from the peak area value of the refrigerant before and after heating obtained by GC / MS.
図１に示すように、分解した冷媒量が増加するに従って、冷媒分解生成物の量も増加する。このように冷媒分解生成物の量を測定することにより、冷媒の分解の度合いを判断することができる。 As shown in FIG. 1, as the amount of refrigerant decomposed increases, the amount of refrigerant decomposition products also increases. By measuring the amount of the refrigerant decomposition product in this way, the degree of refrigerant decomposition can be determined.
また、表１に、２００℃で９６時間加熱した場合の試料Ａと試料Ｂにおいて発生した冷媒分解生成物をまとめた。表１に示す数値は、ＧＣ／ＭＳのピーク面積値である。 Table 1 summarizes the refrigerant decomposition products generated in Sample A and Sample B when heated at 200 ° C. for 96 hours. The numerical values shown in Table 1 are GC / MS peak area values.
表１に示すように、試料Ａから、トリフルオロメタントリフルオロエタン、１，２−ジフルオロエテン、フルオロエテン、１，１，１，２−トリフルオロエタン、および、３，３，３−トリフルオロプロペンの５種類の化合物が発生することが分かった。試料Ｂからは、これら５種類の化合物に加えて、トリフルオロ酢酸、１，１，１−トリフルオロプロパン−２−オン、および、メチルトリフルオロアセテートの３種類の化合物が発生した。これら３種類の化合物は、酸素原子を有する化合物であり、試料Ｂのように冷媒と酸素が共存しなければ発生しない。このため、このような酸素原子を有する化合物が検出された場合、冷媒回路内に空気が混入して生成したことを推定できる。 As shown in Table 1, from sample A, trifluoromethane trifluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethene, fluoroethene, 1,1,1,2-trifluoroethane, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. It was found that five types of compounds were generated. From Sample B, in addition to these five compounds, three compounds of trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one, and methyltrifluoroacetate were generated. These three types of compounds are compounds having an oxygen atom and do not occur unless the refrigerant and oxygen coexist as in Sample B. For this reason, when such a compound having an oxygen atom is detected, it can be estimated that air is mixed into the refrigerant circuit.
また、冷凍空調機の冷媒が異なれば発生する分解生成物も異なると考えられるため、冷媒の種類ごとにこの冷媒分解試験を実施することが好ましい。 Moreover, since it is thought that the decomposition product produced | generated will differ if the refrigerant | coolant of a refrigerating air conditioner differs, it is preferable to implement this refrigerant | coolant decomposition test for every kind of refrigerant | coolant.
＜実施の形態２＞
（冷媒分解生成物と冷凍機油の劣化の関係）
本実施の形態では、冷媒分解生成物と冷凍機油の劣化との関係について調べるために行った実験を、以下に記す。試験方法はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２１１に準拠し、鉄、銅およびアルミニウムを触媒としてシールドガラスチューブ試験を行い、２００℃で長期間保持した。試験後、これらの試料の冷媒をガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置で分析し、スラッジの有無、冷凍機油の変色、および触媒の外観変化を観察した。なお、試料１では、冷媒としてＨＦＣ系冷媒を使用し、冷凍機油はエステル系冷凍機油を使用した。試料２では、冷媒としてＨＦＣ系冷媒に空気を混入させたものを使用し、冷凍機油としてエステル系冷凍機油を使用した。得られた結果を表２に示す。
<Embodiment 2>
(Relationship between refrigerant decomposition products and refrigeration oil deterioration)
In the present embodiment, an experiment conducted for examining the relationship between the refrigerant decomposition product and the deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil is described below. The test method was based on JIS K2211, and a shield glass tube test was performed using iron, copper and aluminum as a catalyst, and the test was held at 200 ° C. for a long time. After the test, the refrigerant of these samples was analyzed with a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and the presence or absence of sludge, discoloration of refrigeration oil, and change in the appearance of the catalyst were observed. In Sample 1, an HFC refrigerant was used as the refrigerant, and an ester refrigerant oil was used as the refrigerating machine oil. In Sample 2, HFC-based refrigerant mixed with air was used as the refrigerant, and ester-based refrigeration oil was used as the refrigeration oil. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
表２の「冷媒分解生成物」の欄中には検出された冷媒分解生成物を示す。「スラッジ」の欄中、Ａはスラッジの発生が認められなかったことを、Ｂはスラッジの発生が認められたことをそれぞれ意味する。「冷凍機油の変色」の欄中、Ａは冷凍機油の変色がなかったことを、Ｂは冷凍機油が変色したことを意味する。また、「触媒の外観変化」の欄中、Ａは触媒の外観変化が認められなかったこと、Ｂは触媒の外観変化が認められたことをそれぞれ意味する。このように、冷媒分解生成物が検出された場合、冷凍機油の劣化が確認された。また、試料２については、触媒の外観変化が確認された。空気が混入した場合は、トリフルオロ酢酸のような金属腐食性の化合物が生成するため触媒の外観変化が確認されたと考えられる。このように、冷媒回路において、空気の混入を判断する技術が重要であることが分かる。 The column of “refrigerant decomposition products” in Table 2 shows the detected refrigerant decomposition products. In the “sludge” column, A means that no sludge was found, and B means that sludge was found. In the column of “discoloration of refrigerating machine oil”, A means that there was no discoloration of the refrigerating machine oil, and B means that the refrigerating machine oil was discolored. In the column “Catalyst appearance change”, A means that no change in the appearance of the catalyst was observed, and B means that a change in the appearance of the catalyst was recognized. Thus, when the refrigerant | coolant decomposition product was detected, deterioration of refrigerating machine oil was confirmed. Further, for sample 2, a change in the appearance of the catalyst was confirmed. When air is mixed in, a metal corrosive compound such as trifluoroacetic acid is produced, and it is considered that the appearance change of the catalyst was confirmed. Thus, it turns out that the technique which judges mixing of air in a refrigerant circuit is important.
＜実施の形態３＞
以上では、冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物を決定する方法、冷媒回路内に空気が混入することで酸素原子を有する特定化合物が発生すること、および、冷媒の分解と冷凍機油の劣化について説明した。これらの説明に基づいて、以下のような工程で冷媒と冷凍機油の劣化を診断することができる。
<Embodiment 3>
In the above, the method for determining the specific compound generated by the decomposition of the refrigerant, the generation of the specific compound having an oxygen atom by mixing air in the refrigerant circuit, and the decomposition of the refrigerant and the deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil have been described. . Based on these explanations, deterioration of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil can be diagnosed by the following steps.
（工程１）
実施の形態１に記載した冷媒分解試験により、冷媒の分解により生成する特定化合物を決定する。この工程１は、冷媒のみを分解させる試験と、冷媒に空気を混入させて分解させる試験の２種類の冷媒分解試験から成ることを特徴とする。
(Process 1)
The specific compound produced by the decomposition of the refrigerant is determined by the refrigerant decomposition test described in the first embodiment. This step 1 is characterized by comprising two types of refrigerant decomposition tests, a test for decomposing only the refrigerant and a test for decomposing by mixing air into the refrigerant.
（工程２） 冷凍空調機の異常を診断する工程
実機（運転中の冷凍空調機）から採取した冷媒について、前記工程１で決定した特定化合物を検出し、特定化合物が検出された場合は異常であると判断する。
(Step 2) Step of diagnosing abnormality of refrigeration air conditioner For the refrigerant collected from the actual machine (refrigeration air conditioner in operation), the specific compound determined in step 1 is detected, and if a specific compound is detected, it is abnormal. Judge that there is.
（工程３） 冷凍空調機の不良原因を推定する工程
前記工程２で検出された特定化合物の中に酸素原子を有する特定化合物が検出された場合は、冷媒回路内に空気が混入していると推定する。
(Step 3) Step of estimating the cause of failure of the refrigeration air conditioner When a specific compound having an oxygen atom is detected in the specific compound detected in Step 2, air is mixed in the refrigerant circuit. presume.
今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
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