JP2012216475A - Tunnel entrance illumination system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize significant energy saving while maintaining performance as an entrance illumination, relating to a tunnel which uses an artificial illumination at the entrance illumination.SOLUTION: A tunnel entrance illumination system 20A includes a pre-adaptation structure 12A constituting a pre-adaptation section LA which is provided before a portal 10a of a tunnel 10 and contains a plurality of solar cell panels 21, for generating the light ranging from natural light 901 to indirect light 902 by a control gap 21a of respective solar cell panels 21, and controls a road surface brightness distribution which gradually decreases as advances to the portal 10a of a road 11. It also includes a plurality of lighting fixtures 22 which are turned on by the electric power supplied from the solar cell panel 21 through a wiring 23. Branch wirings 23a connecting the wiring 23 to the lighting fixtures 22 are provided with a different load resistor RW so as to provide a road surface brightness distribution in which brightness gradually decreases when advances from the portal 10a along advancing direction in the tunnel 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel entrance illumination technology.

  For example, in order to alleviate the black hole phenomenon that occurs at the tunnel entrance during the day and the delay in adaptation of the driver's eyes, tunnel entrance illumination is provided as described in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.

  This tunnel entrance illumination is illumination for mitigating a rapid change in luminance that occurs when a driver approaches the tunnel during the day and a delay in eye adaptation that occurs immediately after entering the tunnel. The entrance illumination is a combination of entrance illumination and basic illumination.

  The entrance illumination is generally a method using only artificial illumination, but there is also a method using natural light (natural light illumination). For example, in Patent Document 1, tunnel entrance illumination is realized by guiding natural light from a solar collector to a tunnel entrance using a light guide.

JP 59-226403 A

Japan Road Association, published in October 2007, “Road Lighting Facility Installation Standard, Explanation”, p62 and p79.

The installation scale of the tunnel entrance illumination is determined by the design speed and outdoor brightness of the tunnel. Here, the outdoor luminance is, for example, an average luminance in a circular visual field with a viewing angle of 20 degrees as viewed from a point 150 m before the tunnel wellhead, and is expressed as an outdoor luminance L ₂₀ or the like.

  The use of natural light in conventional entrance lighting has attempted to replace a part of artificial lighting in entrance lighting with natural light. Therefore, the installation scale of the entrance lighting itself is not changed, and only selection of whether it is realized by artificial lighting or natural light has been made.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel entrance illumination technique capable of realizing energy saving while maintaining performance as an entrance illumination in a tunnel using artificial illumination for entrance illumination.

The present invention is provided on a road in front of a tunnel wellhead, a pre-adaptation structure that constitutes a pre-adaptation section in which the natural illumination light amount (illuminance or luminance) of the road surface by natural light gradually decreases in the traveling direction,
Entrance illumination means for forming an illumination light amount distribution in the tunnel traveling direction according to the natural illumination light amount in the pre-adapted structure before the tunnel well opening,
A tunnel entrance lighting system comprising:

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the tunnel which uses artificial illumination for entrance illumination, the tunnel entrance illumination technique which can implement | achieve significant energy saving can be provided, maintaining the performance as entrance illumination.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the fundamental structure of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is one embodiment of this invention. It is an illumination curve figure which shows the relationship between the distance from a wellhead in a pre-adaptation area, and a required illumination level (road surface brightness | luminance). It is a diagram which shows the entrance part lighting curve which the international lighting committee recommends in the conventional case which does not install a pre-adaptation section. It is a diagram which compares and shows the conventional entrance part illumination curve and the entrance part illumination curve by this Embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structure of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 1 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 2 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 3 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 4 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 5 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 6 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 7 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 8 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 9 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 10 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 11 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 12 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 13 of this invention. It is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 14 of this invention.

  The tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the first aspect of the present embodiment is to install a pre-adaptation section, that is, a structure for reducing the adaptation brightness of the driver's eyes before the conventional tunnel entrance illumination. is there.

In the tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the second aspect of the present embodiment, the extension of the pre-adaptation section is set as a viewing distance corresponding to the design speed.
The tunnel entrance illumination technique of the third aspect of the present embodiment uses a coefficient k of 0.01 <k <0.1, and the road surface luminance in the first half of the pre-adaptation interval is the outdoor luminance L _20. The road surface luminance at the end of the second half of the pre-adaptation interval is set to the outdoor luminance L ₂₀ × 0.4k.

In the tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the fourth aspect of the present embodiment, the required luminance at the boundary of the entrance illumination is the outdoor luminance L ₂₀ × 0.2k.
The tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the fifth aspect of the present embodiment illuminates the adaptation zone with natural light.

The tunnel entrance illumination technology according to the sixth aspect of the present embodiment is to extract natural light with a louver in the pre-adaptation section.
The tunnel entrance illumination technology according to the seventh aspect of the present embodiment is to extract natural light with a shade in the pre-adaptation section.

The tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the eighth aspect of the present embodiment is to install a daylighting section of an optical duct in the pre-adaptation section.
The tunnel entrance illumination technique of the ninth aspect of the present embodiment is such that the light output part of the optical duct is part of the pre-adaptation section, and the section is installed in the tunnel.

The tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the tenth aspect of the present embodiment uses the light output portion of the optical duct as part of the tunnel entrance illumination.
The tunnel entrance illumination technique according to the eleventh aspect of the present embodiment is to install a solar cell in the pre-adaptation section.

  In the tunnel entrance illumination technology of the twelfth aspect of the present embodiment, the light source of the entrance illumination is a variable light quantity illumination lamp, and the variable light quantity illumination lamp of the entrance illumination is turned on by the generated power of the solar cell installed in the acclimatization section. To do.

According to each aspect of the above-described embodiment, the following effects are obtained as an example.
According to the 1st aspect of this Embodiment, the adaptation brightness | luminance of the driver | operator's eye before approaching a tunnel entrance part illumination area (before a wellhead) can be reduced by installing a pre-adaptation area.

  According to the second aspect of the present embodiment, by adjusting the extension of the pre-adaptation section to a viewing distance corresponding to the design speed, the adaptation brightness of the driver's eyes from the distance corresponding to the viewing distance from the tunnel wellhead is reduced. Can be reduced.

According to the third aspect of the present embodiment, the road surface brightness L _PA1 of the first half of the pre-adaptation section is the field brightness L ₂₀ × k, and the road surface at the end of the second half of the pre-adaptation section. By setting the luminance L _PA2 to the outdoor luminance L ₂₀ × 0.4k, it is possible to ensure the visibility of the driver entering the pre-adaptation section.

According to the fourth aspect of the present embodiment, the required road surface brightness L _th BL0 at the boundary of the entrance illumination is set to the outdoor brightness L ₂₀ × 0.2k, so that the driver approaching and entering the tunnel while securing the visibility, as compared to the tunnel entrance illumination not including the pre-adaptation period, it is possible to reduce the road surface brightness L _th of the boundary 1/5.

According to the fifth aspect of the present embodiment, artificial illumination can be made unnecessary by illuminating the pre-adaptation section with natural light.
According to the 6th aspect of this Embodiment, artificial light can be made unnecessary by collecting natural light with a louver in a pre-adaptation area.

According to the 7th aspect of this Embodiment, artificial light can be made unnecessary by collecting natural light with a shade in a pre-adaptation area.
According to the eighth aspect of the present embodiment, the daylighting portion of the light duct is installed in the preconditioning section, and the collected light is used as part of the preconditioning section or as part of the tunnel entrance illumination. Thus, artificial lighting is unnecessary or a part of it can be omitted.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present embodiment, the light output portion of the optical duct is made a part of the adaptation section, and the section is installed in the tunnel, thereby extending the installation of the adaptation section outside the tunnel. It can be shortened.

According to the tenth aspect of the present embodiment, by making the light output portion of the optical duct a part of the tunnel entrance illumination, a part of the artificial illumination can be omitted.
According to the eleventh aspect of the present embodiment, by installing a solar cell in the pre-adaptation section, the structure of the pre-adaptation section can be used for multiple purposes, and the power generated by the solar cell can be used. .

  According to the twelfth aspect of the present embodiment, the light source of the entrance illumination is a variable light quantity illumination lamp, and the variable light quantity illumination lamp of the entrance illumination is turned on by the generated power of the solar cell installed in the acclimatization section. Some or all of the commercial power supply can be omitted.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the principle configuration of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an illumination curve diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the wellhead and the required illumination level (road surface brightness) in the pre-adaptation section.
In the general tunnel entrance lighting system 20 according to the present embodiment, the road surface brightness such as the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 that forms the pre-adaptation section LA in front of the wellhead 10a of the tunnel 10 existing on the route of the road 11. A pre-adaptation structure 12 (a later-described pre-adaptation structure 12A to a pre-adaptation structure 12R) for realizing the distribution is installed.

  Inside the tunnel 10, a plurality of basic illuminations 10c are arranged in the traveling direction, and further, an entrance illumination 10b is added to the basic illumination 10c in the vicinity of the wellhead 10a, thereby causing a black hole phenomenon that occurs before entering the tunnel. In order to alleviate the delay in the adaptation of the eye that occurs immediately after entering the tunnel, an illumination having a road surface luminance distribution such as a tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 to be described later corresponding to a later-adapted section illumination curve C1 is realized. Yes.

The extension of the pre-adaptation section LA is a viewing distance corresponding to the design speed. For example, when the design speed is 100 km / h and 80 km / h, they are 160 m and 110 m, respectively.
In the case of the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the relationship between the distance from the tunnel entrance 10 a of the tunnel 10 and the required illumination level (road surface brightness) in the adaptation zone LA is, for example, the adaptation zone illumination curve. It is set like C1.

In the case of a design speed of 100 km / h, a pre-adaptation section is installed 160 m in front from the wellhead 10a, and the illumination level (road surface brightness L _PA2 ) of the first half of the pre-adaptation section on the road 11 is a value obtained by multiplying the outdoor brightness L ₂₀ by a coefficient k. And FIG. 2 shows an example in which the coefficient k is 10%.

Here, the field intensity L ₂₀ is the average luminance of the circular field of view viewing angle 20 degrees as viewed from距前side view corresponding to the design speed. This includes the case where the measurement distance of the outdoor brightness is 150 m (fixed) before the wellhead regardless of the design speed.

In the present embodiment, the second half of the end of the pre-adaptation period LA (i.e., wellhead 10a) illumination level (road surface brightness L _PA2) of a value obtained by multiplying the coefficient 0.4k outdoors luminance _{L 20.}
Therefore, when the coefficient k is 10%, the illumination level (road surface luminance L _th ) of the wellhead 10a is 4%.

In addition, the illumination level (road surface brightness | luminance) of the pre-adaptation area LA is an example based on the recommendation value of an international lighting commission (CIE), and is not limited to these numerical values.
FIG. 3 is an example of a conventional entrance lighting curve C0 in which no pre-adaptation section is installed, and is an example of a curve recommended by the International Lighting Commission.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison between a conventional entrance illumination curve and an entrance illumination curve according to the present embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, conventionally, a road surface luminance of L ₂₀ × k has been required in order to ensure a certain level of visibility for a driver approaching and entering the tunnel wellhead.

On the other hand, in the case of the present embodiment in which the pre-adaptation section LA (pre-adaptation structure 12) for realizing the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 illustrated in FIG. 2 is provided, the operation existing in the pre-adaptation section LA. Since the person's eyes are adapted to the outdoor luminance L ₂₀ × k, the curve C2 only needs to consider the dark adaptation of the retina.
As described in p79 of Non-Patent Document 1, there is a substantially constant relationship between the adaptation luminance of the driver's eyes approaching the tunnel and the outdoor luminance. For this reason, the illumination at the tunnel entrance is controlled by the outdoor luminance as an alternative to the adaptation luminance of the driver's eyes. Also, as described in the reference (International Lighting Commission (CIE), No. 61, Tunnel Entrance Lighting p42 and p43 (1984)) p42, the driver's eye adaptation luminance is equivalent to the foveal adaptation luminance and equivalent light. It is represented by a luminance difference discrimination threshold corresponding to the curtain luminance. The former is the adaptation luminance at the portion of the visual line center where the viewing angle is about 2 degrees, and the latter is the luminance representing the degree of intraocular scattering. As described in p43 of the above-mentioned reference, an adaptive luminance is obtained with respect to the sum of the luminance difference discrimination thresholds. When the driver enters the pre-adaptation section, the equivalent light screen brightness is about 1/10. On the other hand, the luminance in the central visual field is also about 1/10 in the pre-adaptation section, but the fovea does not immediately adapt to this luminance. This is because there is a time delay of adaptation of the retina, a so-called dark adaptation phenomenon, which needs to be considered. In the adaptation brightness of the driver's eyes immediately after entering the pre-adaptation section, the fovea adaptation brightness is dominant over the equivalent light curtain brightness, and the adaptation brightness is about 20% before entering the pre-adaptation section. Considering that there is a certain relationship between the adaptation luminance and the outdoor luminance described above, the road surface luminance L _th of the curve C2 is the outdoor luminance L ₂₀ × 0.2k. According to the present embodiment, the road surface brightness L _th can be reduced to 1/5.

  For this reason, the tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 in this embodiment can be shifted to the lower luminance side as a whole than the conventional entrance illumination curve C0, and the power consumption of the entrance illumination 10b is greatly increased. Can be reduced.

Hereinafter, the tunnel entrance illumination system of the present embodiment including a specific example of the pre-adaptation structure 12 constituting the pre-adaptation section LA will be described.
Example 1
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing the configuration of the tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  The tunnel entrance illumination system 20A according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of adaptation lights 12b provided on the ceiling or side wall in the vicinity of the tunnel 10a and the adaptation structure 12A that constitutes the adaptation section LA. The illumination lamp 22 is comprised.

  The plurality of illumination lamps 22 are arranged along the traveling direction of a vehicle that travels on the road 11 and enters the tunnel 10 from the well 10a, emits artificial illumination light 22a, and the road surface of the road 11 at the entrance in the tunnel 10 Illuminate.

  In this case, the illumination lamp 22 includes, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination lamp or an organic electroluminescence (EL) illumination lamp, and a variable light quantity illumination lamp capable of adjusting the illuminance of the artificial illumination light 22a by an applied voltage. It has become.

  In the case of the first embodiment, the pre-adaptation structure 12A provided in the pre-adaptation section LA includes a housing 21b provided along the road 11 and a ceiling portion covering at least the upper portion of the road 11 of the housing 21b. A plurality of solar battery panels 21 installed along the traveling direction of the road 11 are provided.

  The housing 21b may be, for example, a rectangular portal shape that includes the well 10a of the tunnel 10 or an arch shape that includes the well 10a, and does not limit the shape of the housing. Moreover, the installation area | region of the solar cell panel 21 is good also as a structure arrange | positioned not only in the ceiling part of the housing 21b but in the side part.

The modified examples of the shape of the casing 21b and the arrangement region of the solar battery panel 21 and the like are not particularly repeated in another example described later, but are the same.
The plurality of solar battery panels 21 of the pre-adapted structure 12A are installed with a dimming gap 21a, and natural light 901 emitted from the sun 900 passes through the road surface of the road 11 with a desired transmittance by the dimming gap 21a. Dimmed to indirect light 902 to illuminate.

  That is, in the pre-adaptation structure 12A of the first embodiment, the individual suns are set so that the luminance distribution on the road surface of the road 11 by the indirect light 902 in the pre-adaptation section LA becomes the above-mentioned pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1. A dimming gap 21a between the battery panels 21 (for example, a mutual inclination angle or posture) is set.

  Further, the solar cell panel 21 is connected to the illumination lamp 22 provided inside the tunnel 10 via the wiring 23, and the power consumed by the illumination lamp 22 is covered by the power generated by the solar cell panel 21 by the natural light 901. Is called.

  From the installation purpose of the illumination lamp 22 of the present embodiment, the intensity of the natural light 901 (that is, the output power of the solar battery panel 21) and the intensity of the artificial illumination light 22a required for the illumination lamp 22 (that is, the power consumption). ) Is basically proportional, and there is no inconvenience even if the solar cell panel 21 and the illumination lamp 22 are directly connected.

However, consideration is given so that the open-circuit voltage of the solar battery panel 21 is lower than the withstand voltage of the illumination lamp 22.
In the case of the first embodiment, the individual illumination lamps 22 are connected in parallel to the wiring 23 via the branch wiring 23a.

  Although not particularly illustrated, a load resistance RW is arranged in the branch wiring 23a so that the luminance distribution of the tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 described above is realized, and the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel 21 is the withstand voltage of the illumination lamp 22. The load resistance RW in each lighting fixture 22 is set so as not to exceed.

  As described above, according to the tunnel entrance lighting system 20A of the first embodiment, the power consumption of the illumination lamp 22 is covered by the power generated by the solar cell panel 21 constituting the pre-adaptation structure 12A. Energy saving can be realized.

In addition, it is possible to realize a high-performance tunnel entrance illumination system 20A that realizes comfortable passage of the tunnel 10 by accurately controlling the adaptation brightness of the eyes of the driver of the vehicle entering the tunnel 10.
That is, according to the tunnel entrance illumination system 20A of the first embodiment, the performance as the entrance illumination is maintained by providing the pre-adaptation section LA including the pre-adaptation structure 12A in front of the tunnel entrance 10a of the tunnel 10. However, energy saving can be realized.
(Example 2)
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

  In the pre-adaptation structure 12B of the tunnel entrance illumination system 20B according to the second embodiment, the illuminance meter 25 is installed on an arbitrary road side portion of the acclimatization section LA, and the illumination level of the illumination lamp 22 constituting the tunnel entrance illumination is set. The point which provided the control apparatus 24 to control differs from the above-mentioned Example 1. FIG.

In addition, the same referential mark is attached | subjected to the element which is common in the above-mentioned Example 1, and the overlapping description is omitted. The same applies to the following embodiments.
That is, the control device 24 is connected to the plurality of illumination lamps 22 via the control wiring 24a, and the illuminometer 25 is connected to the control device 24 via the signal wiring 25a.

  And the control apparatus 24 is based on the illumination intensity of the road surface of the road 11 in the pre-adaptation area LA measured by the illumination meter 25, and the level of the artificial illumination light 22a of each illumination lamp 22 is the above-mentioned tunnel entrance of FIG. It controls so that it may have distribution of partial illumination curve C2.

In this case, the solar cell panel 21 of the pre-adapted structure 12B may supply power to the illumination lamp 22 as in the first embodiment, or may supply power to other external equipment.
When power is supplied from the solar cell panel 21 to the illumination lamp 22 via the wiring 23, the control wiring 24a and the signal wiring 25a are omitted. For example, the measurement signal and the control signal are transmitted using the power line communication (PLC) technology. Wiring may be simplified by performing communication.

  In the case of the second embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, the tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 is further set based on the value of the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 actually measured by the illuminometer 25. It is possible to realize the comfortable passage of the tunnel 10 by controlling accurately and more accurately according to the adaptation state of the eyes of the driver of the vehicle entering the tunnel 10.

Moreover, the solar cell panel 21 of the pre-adaptation structure 12B provided in the acclimatization section LA can also be used as power generation equipment, and effective use and energy saving of the pre-adaptation structure 12B can be realized.
(Example 3)
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

  In the tunnel entrance illumination system 20C of the third embodiment, the luminance meter 26 is installed in the adaptation zone LA in the adaptation structure 12C, and connected to the control device 24 via the signal wiring 26a. By measuring the brightness of the road surface of the road 11 in the pre-adaptation section LA and inputting it to the control device 24, the light quantity distribution of the artificial illumination light 22a in the plurality of illumination lamps 22 is controlled to be the tunnel entrance illumination curve C2. To do.

In this case, the same effect as that of the second embodiment can be obtained.
In Examples 2, regardless of the embodiment 3, the outdoor brightness L _20, it is also possible to light amount distribution of artificial illumination light 22a is controlled to be a tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 in a plurality of illumination lamp 22 .
Example 4
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

  The tunnel entrance illumination system 20D of the fourth embodiment is provided with a pre-adapted structure 12D having a movable solar panel 31 instead of the solar panel 21 in the first embodiment. Different from Example 1.

  That is, in the pre-adaptation structure 12D of the tunnel entrance lighting system 20D of the fourth embodiment, a plurality of movable solar battery panels 31 are mounted on the ceiling of the housing 30 movably via the swing shaft 31b. By adjusting the dimming gaps 31a of the plurality of movable solar cell panels 31, the illuminance distribution of the indirect light 902 (that is, the road surface luminance distribution of the road 11) in the adaptation zone LA tends to be the adaptation zone illumination curve C1. It controls to become.

The swing shaft 31b has an appropriate rotation resistance that can withstand the weight of the movable solar panel 31. When the swing shaft 31b is manually adjusted to an arbitrary angle, the set angle and posture are maintained by the sliding resistance.
In addition, the movable solar panel 31 adjusts the angle according to the season in which the altitude of the sun 900 is different, the installation latitude, etc., and realizes or maintains the road surface luminance distribution approximated to the adaptation adaptation section illumination curve C1. be able to.

That is, according to the tunnel entrance illumination system 20D of the fourth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the installation posture of the movable solar panel 31 can be flexibly controlled according to the season and the installation location. Thus, there is an advantage that the necessary performance of the pre-adaptation structure 12D can be maintained and improved.
(Example 5)
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

  In the pre-adaptation structure 12E of the tunnel entrance illumination system 20E of the fifth embodiment, a tilt control device 27 for controlling the attitude of the movable solar panel 31 is further provided in the configuration of the fourth embodiment. It has a configuration.

That is, in the case of the fifth embodiment, the tilt control device 27 stores information on the daily movement trajectory of the sun 900 according to the season, the latitude of the installation location of the tunnel 10, and the like.
Then, based on the information of the diurnal movement trajectory of the sun 900, the tilt control device 27 controls the tilt and posture of the movable solar panel 31 so as to follow the position of the sun 900. The effect of automatically maintaining the road surface luminance distribution of the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 by the indirect light 902 in the pre-adaptation section LA can be obtained without being affected by the ten installation locations.
(Example 6)
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

  In the tunnel entrance lighting system 20F of the sixth embodiment, as an example of a method of collecting natural light by a shade in the pre-adaptation section, a pre-adaptation structure using a transmission type solar cell panel 32 instead of the solar cell panel 21. The place where 12F is installed is different from the first embodiment.

  That is, in this pre-adaptation structure 12F, a plurality of transmission type solar cell panels 32 are laid on the ceiling portion of the casing 30, and natural light 901 passes through the transmission type solar cell panel 32, so that the road 11 in the pre-adaptation section LA can be seen. The indirect light 902 to be illuminated is used.

  In this case, a road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 approximated to the above-mentioned adaptation adaptation section illumination curve C1 can be realized by combining and laying a plurality of transmission type solar cell panels 32 having different transmittances.

  That is, the transmittance-type solar cell panel 32 having a high transmittance and the transmittance are increased so that the ratio of the transmittance-type solar cell panel 32 having a low transmittance is increased from the entrance side of the pre-adaptation section LA toward the tunnel entrance 10a. By combining and laying a low transmission solar cell panel 32, it is possible to realize a road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 that approximates the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1.

In the case of the tunnel entrance lighting system 20F according to the sixth embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the transmissive solar battery panel 32 can be formed without gaps on the ceiling of the housing 30 similarly to the shade. Therefore, the pre-adaptation structure 12F can also be used as a facility for snow prevention, storm, rain prevention, rock fall prevention, etc. Increases performance.
(Example 7)
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

In the tunnel entrance illumination system 20G of the seventh embodiment, an example in which a pre-adaptation structure 12G using a louver 41 is provided in the pre-adaptation section LA is shown.
That is, the louver 41 provided with the light control gap 41a is provided in the ceiling part of the housing 40 installed in the pre-adaptation section LA.

  And the road surface of the indirect light 902 formed by the natural light 901 passing through the dimming gap 41a by changing the dimming gap 41a of the louver 41 in the direction from the start end to the end (wellhead 10a) of the pre-adaptation section LA. The luminance distribution is made to be a distribution that approximates the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 of FIG.

As a result, the effects described with reference to the diagram of FIG. 4 are obtained.
That is, according to the seventh embodiment, in a tunnel using artificial illumination for entrance illumination, significant energy saving can be realized while maintaining the performance as entrance illumination.

In addition, the louver 41 has an advantage that the installation cost is low.
(Example 8)
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

  In the tunnel entrance lighting system 20H of the eighth embodiment, an example is shown in which a pre-adaptation structure 12H including a movable louver 51 is installed in the pre-adaptation section LA, and the angle of the louver can be adjusted for each season.

That is, in the pre-adaptation structure 12H of the eighth embodiment, a plurality of movable louvers 51 are installed on the ceiling portion of the housing 50 via each of the plurality of louver swing shafts 52.
Then, by adjusting the installation angle of each movable louver 51, the dimming gap 51a through which the natural light 901 passes and forms the indirect light 902 is adjusted, and the road surface of the road 11 by the indirect light 902 in the pre-adaptation section LA. The effect described in FIG. 4 is obtained by setting and controlling the road surface luminance distribution so as to have a distribution that approximates the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 of FIG.

Further, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment described above, the need for the pre-adaptation structure 12H by flexibly controlling the installation posture of the movable louver 51 according to the season, the installation location (latitude) of the tunnel 10, and the like. There is an advantage that it can maintain and improve the performance.
Example 9
FIG. 13: is a schematic sectional side view which shows the structural example of the tunnel entrance part illumination system which is Example 9 of this invention.

  The pre-adaptation structure 12J in the tunnel entrance illumination system 20J of the ninth embodiment is the tilt control device 27 that automatically controls the angle of each movable louver 51 in the pre-adaptation structure 12H of the eighth embodiment. Is provided.

Then, the tilt control device 27 is influenced by the season and the installation location of the tunnel 10 by controlling the tilt and posture of the movable louver 51 based on the information on the daily movement trajectory of the sun 900 as described above. Without operation, the road surface luminance distribution of the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 by the indirect light 902 in the pre-adaptation section LA is automatically and optimally maintained.
(Example 10)
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

  The pre-adaptation structure 12K in the tunnel entrance illumination system 20K of the tenth embodiment uses the solar cell integrated louver 61 instead of the louver 41 in the pre-adaptation structure 12G of the seventh embodiment illustrated in FIG. It has a configuration.

  That is, the plurality of solar cell integrated louvers 61 installed on the ceiling portion of the housing 60 are subjected to the road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 from the natural light 901 by the individual dimming gaps 61a like the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 described above. And generating power by irradiating with natural light 901.

According to the tunnel entrance illumination system 20K of the tenth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the seventh embodiment described above, the pre-adapting structure 12K includes the solar cell integrated louver 61, so that it can be used as a power generation facility. There is.
(Example 11)
FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

  In the tunnel entrance illumination system 20L of the eleventh embodiment, a configuration in which the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 is disposed on the upper portion of the housing 60 via the louver swing shaft 63 as the pre-adaptation structure 12L is illustrated.

  The louver oscillating shaft 63 has an appropriate rotational resistance that can withstand the weight of the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 and supports the solar cell integrated movable louver 62, and can be individually operated at an arbitrary angle by manual operation. This solar cell integrated movable louver 62 can be fixed.

  In this case, the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 is connected to the illumination lamp 22 via the wiring 23 and the branch wiring 23a (load resistance RW), and the illumination lamp is powered by the electric power generated by the solar cell integrated movable louver 62. The point which lights 22 is the same as that of 20 A of tunnel entrance part illumination systems illustrated by the above-mentioned FIG.

  According to the tunnel entrance illumination system 20L of the eleventh embodiment, in addition to the effects similar to the tenth embodiment described above, individual solar cell integrated movable louvers according to the change in altitude of the sun 900 for each season. By adjusting the mounting angle of 62 and changing the dimming gap 61a, the road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 through which the natural light 901 passes through the dimming gap 62a and is radiated to the road 11 is the above-described adaptation adaptation section illumination. There exists an effect which can be controlled so that curve C1 may be approximated.

Also, the solar cell integrated type so that the electric power generated from the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 is maximized within a range that does not impair the approximation of the road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 with respect to the above-described pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1. The angle of the movable louver 62 can also be adjusted.
(Example 12)
FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional side view showing a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 12 of the present invention.

  The pre-adaptation structure 12M of the tunnel entrance illumination system 20M of the twelfth embodiment includes a tilt control device 27 that automatically controls the angle of the solar cell integrated louver 61 illustrated in the eleventh embodiment. Differently, other configurations are the same as those of the eleventh embodiment.

That is, in the case of the twelfth embodiment, the tilt control device 27 stores information on the daily movement locus of the sun 900 according to the season, the latitude of the installation location of the tunnel 10, and the like.
Then, based on the information of the diurnal movement trajectory of the sun 900, the tilt control device 27 controls the inclination and posture of the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 so as to follow the position of the sun 900, thereby changing the season. The road surface brightness distribution of the adaptation adaptation section illumination curve C1 by the indirect light 902 in the adaptation adaptation section LA can be automatically maintained without being affected by the installation location of the tunnel 10.

In addition, the tilt control device 27 has a maximum power generation amount obtained from the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 within a range that does not impair approximation of the road surface luminance distribution of the indirect light 902 with respect to the pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1. The angle of the solar cell integrated movable louver 62 can also be controlled.
(Example 13)
FIG. 17 is a schematic sectional side view showing a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 13 of the present invention.

The tunnel entrance illumination system 20Q according to the thirteenth embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the pre-adaptation structure 12Q including the optical duct 71 is provided.
That is, the pre-adaptation structure 12Q provided in the pre-adaptation section LA has a structure in which the optical duct 71 is mounted on the ceiling of the housing 70.

The optical duct 71 includes an upper reflecting plate 71a and a lower reflecting plate 71b arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape so that the facing distance gradually decreases in the vertical direction toward the wellhead 10a.
On the entrance side of the pre-adaptation section LA of the light duct 71, a daylighting opening 72 for taking in natural light 901 is formed upward, and in the vicinity of the opposite side well opening 10a, a light emission opening 73 is formed downward. ing.

  Then, the natural light 901 taken into the light duct 71 from the daylighting opening 72 is guided to the light emitting opening 73 while being reflected and attenuated between the upper reflecting plate 71a and the lower reflecting plate 71b, and is introduced as indirect light 903. The tunnel 10a is irradiated and the road surface of the road 11 in the vicinity of the tunnel 10a inside the tunnel 10 is illuminated. In addition, the reflection direction of the light in an optical duct is not limited up and down.

  For this reason, in the case of the tunnel entrance illumination system 20Q of the thirteenth embodiment, the installation of the illumination lamp 22 is omitted in the introduction indirect light irradiation range LB in the vicinity of the wellhead 10a among the plurality of illumination lamps 22 in the tunnel 10. Has been.

  That is, in the pre-adaptation structure 12Q according to the thirteenth embodiment, the road 11 is illuminated by the indirect light 902 on the road surface in the area behind the optical duct 71, and below the light emitting opening 73 and the tunnel 10a of the tunnel 10. Is illuminated by the indirect light 903.

In the case of the thirteenth embodiment, the shape of the light duct 71 is set so that the introduction indirect light 903 is weaker than the indirect light 902.
Thereby, in the pre-adaptation section LA, the indirect light 902 and the introduction indirect light 903 realize a road surface luminance distribution approximated to the above-mentioned pre-adaptation section illumination curve C1 in FIG. Among them, the road surface luminance distribution of the introduction indirect light irradiation range LB on the side close to the wellhead 10 a is covered by the introduction indirect light 903.

  That is, according to the tunnel entrance illumination system 20Q including the adaptation structure 12Q including the optical duct 71 of the thirteenth embodiment, the adaptation section illumination illustrated in FIG. 4 in the tunnel using artificial illumination for entrance illumination. The relationship between the curve C1 and the tunnel entrance illumination curve C2 is realized by the installation of the light duct 71, and a tunnel entrance illumination technique capable of realizing significant energy saving while maintaining the performance as the entrance illumination is provided. be able to.

Moreover, since the installation of the illumination lamp 22 in the vicinity of the wellhead 10a can be omitted, the installation cost of the lighting equipment of the tunnel 10 and the maintenance management cost are also reduced.
(Example 14)
FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional side view showing a configuration example of a tunnel entrance illumination system that is Embodiment 14 of the present invention.

  The tunnel entrance illumination system 20R according to the fourteenth embodiment has a predetermined insertion distance from the well opening 10a of the tunnel 10 to the light exit opening 73 side of the optical duct 71 serving as the pre-adaptation structure 12Q according to the thirteenth embodiment. A pre-adaptation structure 12R arranged to insert only LC is provided.

  That is, in the case of the pre-adaptation structure 12R of the fourteenth embodiment, the distance of the pre-adaptation section LA outside the tunnel 10 can be shortened by the insertion distance LC in which the optical duct 71 is inserted into the wellhead 10a. There is an advantage.

  Further, the installation of the illumination lamp 22 in the vicinity of the tunnel 10a in the tunnel 10 can be omitted and replaced with the introduction indirect light 903 by the amount corresponding to the sum of the introduction indirect light irradiation range LB and the insertion distance LC. Can be reduced.

In the above description, for convenience, each embodiment has been described individually. However, a plurality of embodiments can be combined.
For example, the solar cell panel 21 illustrated in FIG. 6 may be replaced with the louver 41 illustrated in FIG. 11 described above.

Further, the solar cell panel 21 illustrated in FIG. 6 may be replaced with the solar cell integrated louver 61 illustrated in FIG. 14 described above.
The solar cell panel 21 illustrated in FIG. 7 may be replaced with the louver 41 in FIG. 11 described above. The solar cell panel 21 illustrated in FIG. 7 may be replaced with the solar cell integrated louver 61 illustrated in FIG. 14 described above.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the configuration exemplified in the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

10 tunnel 10a wellhead 10b entrance illumination 10c basic illumination 11 road 12 accommodation structure 12A accommodation structure 12B accommodation structure 12C accommodation structure 12D accommodation structure 12E accommodation structure 12F accommodation structure 12G accommodation Structure 12H Pre-adapted structure 12J Pre-adapted structure 12K Pre-adapted structure 12L Pre-adapted structure 12M Pre-adapted structure 12Q Pre-adapted structure 12R Pre-adapted structure 20 Tunnel entrance illumination system 20A Tunnel entrance illumination system 20B Tunnel entrance illumination system 20C Tunnel entrance illumination system 20D Tunnel entrance illumination system 20E Tunnel entrance illumination system 20F Tunnel entrance illumination system 20G Tunnel entrance illumination system 20H Tunnel entrance illumination system 20J Tunnel entrance illumination system 2 K Tunnel entrance illumination system 20L Tunnel entrance illumination system 20M Tunnel entrance illumination system 20Q Tunnel entrance illumination system 20R Tunnel entrance illumination system 21 Solar panel 21a Dimming gap 21b Housing 22 Illumination lamp 22a Artificial illumination light 23 Wiring 23a Branch wiring 24 Control device 24a Control wiring 25 Illuminance meter 25a Signal wiring 26 Luminance meter 26a Signal wiring 27 Tilt control device 30 Housing 31 Movable solar panel 31a Dimming gap 31b Oscillating shaft 32 Transmission type solar panel 40 Housing 41 Louver 41a Dimming gap 50 Housing 51 Movable louver 51a Dimming gap 52 Louver swing shaft 60 Housing 61 Solar cell integrated louver 61a Dimming gap 62 Solar cell integrated movable louver 63 Louver swing shaft 70 Housing 71 Optical duct 71a Upper reflector 71 Lower reflective plates 72 lighting opening 73 the light exit aperture 900 solar 901 natural light 902 indirect light 903 introduced indirect light C0 tunnel entrance illumination curve (prior art)
C1 Preliminary section lighting curve C2 Tunnel entrance lighting curve (present invention)
L ₂₀ Outdoor brightness LA Preliminary adaptation LB Introduction indirect light irradiation range LC Insertion distance

Claims (16)

A pre-adapting structure that is provided on the road before the tunnel pit and constitutes a pre-adapting section in which the natural illumination light amount of the road surface by natural light gradually decreases in the direction toward the tunnel entrance,
Entrance illumination means for forming an illumination light amount distribution in a traveling direction from the tunnel well opening according to the natural illumination light amount in the pre-adapted structure before the tunnel well opening,
A tunnel entrance illumination system characterized by comprising: The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 1,
The pre-adapted structure comprises a solar cell that generates current by the natural light,
The entrance entrance illumination system comprises a plurality of variable light quantity illumination lamps connected to the solar cell and arranged in the tunnel depth direction. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 2,
Further, the entrance illumination means controls the light amount of the variable light quantity illumination lamp based on an optical sensor that detects the brightness of the road surface at the tunnel entrance, and the brightness of the road surface detected from the optical sensor. Including a control device,
A tunnel entrance lighting system characterized by that. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 1,
The pre-adaptation structure comprises a movable solar cell with a variable mounting angle,
The entrance entrance illumination system comprises a plurality of variable light quantity illumination lamps connected to the solar cell and arranged in the tunnel depth direction. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 4,
A tunnel entrance illumination system, comprising: an angle control device that changes the mounting angle of the movable solar cell according to a temporal change in the irradiation direction of the natural light. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The said solar cell consists of a transmissive | pervious solar cell panel, and consists of a some transmissive | pervious solar cell panel from which the transmittance | permeability differs, The tunnel entrance part illumination system characterized by the above-mentioned. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 1,
The tunnel entrance illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the pre-adaptation structure is a louver. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 7,
The louver comprises a movable louver whose mounting angle is variable, and is a tunnel entrance illumination system. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 8,
A tunnel entrance illumination system comprising an angle control device that changes the mounting angle of the movable louver in accordance with a temporal change in the natural light irradiation direction. In the tunnel entrance illumination system according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
The tunnel entrance lighting system, wherein the louver comprises a solar panel. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 1,
The pre-adaptation structure includes a light entrance including a daylighting portion that takes in the natural light and a light output portion that irradiates the natural light taken from the daylighting portion to a road surface in front of the tunnel wellhead. Department lighting system. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 11,
The tunnel entrance illumination system, wherein the light output portion of the light duct is inserted into the tunnel inside from the tunnel well opening and constitutes a part of the entrance illumination means. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 11,
The tunnel entrance illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the light output portion of the light duct is inserted inward of the tunnel from the tunnel well opening and constitutes a part of the pre-adaptation section. The tunnel entrance illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
A tunnel entrance illumination system characterized in that an extension of the pre-adaptation section is a viewing distance corresponding to a design speed of a vehicle traveling on the road. The tunnel entrance illumination system according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
When k is a coefficient exceeding 0.01 and less than 0.1,
In the pre-adaptation section, the road surface brightness in the first half of the section is the outdoor brightness L ₂₀ × k, and the road surface brightness in the second half of the pre-adaptation section is the outdoor brightness L ₂₀ × 0.4k. Tunnel entrance lighting system. The tunnel entrance lighting system according to claim 15,
The entrance entrance illumination system characterized in that the required brightness of the entrance illumination means closest to the entrance of the tunnel is an outdoor brightness L ₂₀ × 0.2k.