JP2012197172A - Container terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a container terminal, which can prevent a falling accident of a dock crane, and in which a recovery work can easily be performed even when a large-scale earthquake (for example, seismic quake of level 2) occurs.SOLUTION: Regarding the container terminal T having a dock wall crane and the dock wall 30, the dock wall crane has a traveling device 2 and a traveling wheel 3 installed in the traveling device 2. The dock wall 30 has a traveling groove 4 that guides the traveling wheel 3 and is formed in a travelling direction of the dock wall crane. The traveling groove 4 has a bottom part 5 contacting with the travelling wheel 3 and a slope 6 that is formed between the bottom part 5 and the dock wall surface 7.

Description

  The present invention relates to a container terminal having a quay crane used for container handling.

  At container terminals such as harbors and inland areas, containers between ships, railways and trailers are handled by quay cranes and portal cranes. As an earthquake countermeasure for this quay crane, there is a seismic isolation crane that installs a seismic isolation device (also called a vibration isolation device) between the crane leg structure and the traveling device, and adopts a swinging leg structure for the leg structure (for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 6 shows a quay crane 1X installed in the container terminal TX. The container terminal TX has a quay crane 1X, a quay 30X, and a rail (not shown) laid on the quay 30X. The quay crane (hereinafter referred to as a crane) 1X includes a leg structure 32, a boom 33 and a girder 34 that are supported by the leg structure 32. Further, between the leg structure 32 and the traveling device 2X, a seismic isolation device 8 made of laminated rubber or the like and a pivot pin 38 having a part of the leg structure 32 as a swing leg structure are provided. Reference numeral 35 denotes a cargo handling device (trolley), 36 denotes a container ship, and 37 denotes a container. Further, x indicates the transverse direction of the crane (sea and land direction), and z indicates the vertical direction.

  Next, cargo handling work by the crane 1X will be described. The crane 1X lifts the container 37 mounted on the container ship 36 with a lifting tool of the trolley 35, and performs a cargo handling operation for mounting on a trailer (not shown) waiting on the quay 30X. Or the crane 1X is performing the cargo handling operation | work which loads the container 37 on the container ship 36 from a trailer. In this loading / unloading work, the crane 1X moves on the rails laid along the quay 30X (backward or forward in FIG. 6) by the traveling device 2X, and changes the position of unloading or loading. Doing work.

  Next, the operation of the crane 1X when an earthquake occurs will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the shear pin or the like that has fixed the seismic isolation device 8 breaks, and the seismic isolation device 8 operates. The seismic isolation device 8 has an effect of insulating the crane 1X from the vibration of the ground surface. Here, the swing leg structure by the seismic isolation device 8 and the pivot pin 38 can absorb the vibration in the transverse direction x of the crane 1X. In addition, the vibration in the traveling direction y (backward or frontward direction in FIG. 6) of the crane 1X is configured to be absorbed by the traveling device 2X moving along the rail.

  However, the quay crane 1X has a problem in that it cannot sufficiently absorb the displacement in the transverse direction x when a large-scale earthquake occurs. Here, a large-scale earthquake is, for example, a seismic wave assumed by the 2006 revision of the Port Law, and is called Level 2 ground motion. This Level 2 ground motion is defined as the ground motion with the maximum strength that can be considered at this point from the present to the future according to the Third Proposal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.

  The conventional seismic isolation device 8 of the quay crane 1X can allow a displacement of about ± 300 mm in the transverse direction x. However, when a large-scale earthquake occurs, the amount of displacement that the quay crane 1X should allow is about ± 1000 mm or more. Therefore, the conventional quay crane 1X has a problem that it cannot exhibit a sufficient vibration isolation effect against a large-scale earthquake. This will be specifically described below.

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view around the traveling device 2X of the quay crane 1X. The traveling device 2 </ b> X has iron traveling wheels 3 </ b> X that travel on the rails 40. The traveling wheel 3 </ b> X includes a tread surface portion 10 </ b> X that contacts the rail 40 and a flange portion 42. Here, the rail 40 is laid along the rail groove 41 formed in the quay surface 7 of the quay 30X.

  Next, the state of the quay crane 1X (not shown) when a large-scale earthquake occurs will be described. When a force (earthquake motion) F in the transverse direction x is generated by a large-scale earthquake, first, the seismic isolation device 8 (not shown) is activated to absorb this force F. When the amount of displacement of the seismic isolation device 8 reaches the limit, force F acts on the traveling wheel 3X. When the flange portion 42 of the traveling wheel 3X and the rail 40 are caught, the force F is directly transmitted to the crane 1X, and a large earthquake acceleration is applied to the crane 1X. As a result, the traveling wheel 3X is lifted by the resonance of the crane 1X and the ground motion F. The floating of the traveling wheel 3X leads to a crash of the crane 1X and damage due to the impact of the traveling wheel 3X after landing.

JP 2000-44168 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to prevent a quay crane overturn accident even when a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs in a container terminal. And it is providing the container terminal which can perform recovery work easily.

  The container terminal according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a quay crane and a container terminal having a quay, wherein the quay crane has a traveling device and traveling wheels installed in the traveling device, The quay has a running groove that guides the running wheel and is formed in the running direction of the quay crane, and the running groove is formed from a bottom part that contacts the running wheel and from the bottom part to a quay surface. It is characterized by having an inclined portion.

  With this configuration, even if a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs, it is possible to prevent a quay crane from falling over. This is because, when the crane receives a transverse force (seismic motion), the crane can leave the running groove and move in the transverse direction to absorb the earthquake motion. In addition, recovery work after an earthquake becomes easy. This is because the restoration work is completed only by returning the crane derailed from the traveling groove to the traveling groove. Furthermore, the seismic motion can be attenuated by the frictional force generated between the traveling wheel and the quay surface.

  In the container terminal, the traveling wheel is a traveling wheel having no flange portion or a substantially spherical traveling wheel. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the force in the transverse direction (earthquake motion) from acting directly on the crane, and thus it is possible to suppress a crane overturn accident. In particular, in the case of a substantially spherical running wheel, since it can roll in addition to sliding in the transverse direction, the risk of a fall accident can be further reduced.

  Said container terminal WHEREIN: The said quay crane has a drive assistance mechanism, and the said drive assistance mechanism has the tire installed in the said traveling apparatus, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. With this configuration, even if the frictional resistance between the traveling wheel and the bottom portion is reduced and the possibility of the quay crane falling down is further reduced, traveling in the traveling direction of the crane can be realized. This is because the crane can travel with the tire even if slippage occurs between the traveling wheel and the bottom during traveling of the crane.

  In the container terminal described above, the quay crane has a drive assist mechanism, and the drive assist mechanism has a pinion gear installed in the traveling device and a rack laid on the bottom. With this configuration, the same effects as described above can be obtained.

  Said container terminal WHEREIN: Lubricating material was installed in at least one part of the said running wheel, the said bottom part, or the said inclination part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. With this configuration, the friction coefficient between the traveling wheel and the bottom portion is reduced, and the force in the transverse direction (earthquake motion) can be suppressed from acting directly on the crane, so that a crane overturn accident can be suppressed.

  In the container terminal, the quay crane has an auxiliary leg, and the auxiliary leg has an arm part installed on a leg structure and a grounding part installed on a lower end of the arm part, and an earthquake occurs. In some cases, the grounding portion is configured to be grounded on the quay surface. With this configuration, since the crane can be supported by the auxiliary leg (outrigger), the probability of the occurrence of a crane overturning accident can be further reduced.

  The container terminal may be configured such that an inclination angle of the inclined portion with respect to the surface of the quay is 10 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the force in the transverse direction (earthquake motion) from acting directly on the crane, and thus it is possible to suppress a crane overturn accident.

  According to the container terminal according to the present invention, even if a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs, a container terminal that can prevent a quay crane from falling over and can easily perform restoration work. Can be provided.

It is the enlarged view which showed the periphery of the traveling apparatus of the container terminal of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the enlarged view which showed the periphery of the traveling apparatus of the container terminal of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the periphery of the traveling apparatus of the container terminal of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the periphery of the traveling apparatus of the container terminal of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the container terminal of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the quay crane of the conventional container terminal. It is the figure which showed the periphery of the running wheel of the conventional quay crane.

  Hereinafter, a container terminal T according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the periphery of the traveling apparatus 2 of the quay crane 1 (not shown) of the container terminal T of embodiment which concerns on this invention is shown. The container terminal T has a quay crane 1 (not shown) and a quay 30. The traveling device 2 of the crane 1 has traveling wheels 3. This traveling wheel 3 has only the tread portion 10 and does not have a flange portion. The outer peripheral corner 11 of the traveling wheel 3 is desirably formed smoothly.

Further, the quay 30 has a traveling groove 4 formed on the quay surface 7. The traveling groove 4 has a bottom portion 5 that contacts the traveling wheel 3 of the quay crane 1 and an inclined portion 6 that is formed smoothly from the bottom 5 to the quay surface 7. The inclined portion 6 is configured to have an inclination of an angle θ with respect to the quay wall surface 7. Further, a lubricating material 12 such as nylon or an iron plate is installed on the upper surface of the inclined portion 6.

  Next, the operation of the quay crane 1 will be described. During normal times, when the quay crane 1 travels in the traveling direction y (the frontward direction in FIG. 1), the traveling wheel 3 is guided to the traveling groove 4. That is, the crane 1 performs the container handling work while moving along the traveling groove 4 formed in the traveling direction y.

  When an earthquake occurs and the crane 1 receives an earthquake motion F in the transverse direction x, the traveling wheel 3 slides from the bottom 5 of the traveling groove 4 to the quay surface 7 via the inclined portion 6 (see broken line). During the occurrence of an earthquake, the traveling wheel 3 can absorb earthquake motion while sliding repeatedly from the traveling groove 4 to the quay surface 7 and from the quay surface 7 through the traveling groove 4 to the other quay surface 7. it can.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. 1stly, even if a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs, the fall accident of the quay crane 1 can be prevented. This is because when the crane 1 receives the force F in the transverse direction x, the crane 1 can disengage the traveling groove 4 and move in the transverse direction x to absorb the force F. That is, since the force F is not directly transmitted to the crane 1, it is possible to prevent resonance between the crane 1 and the seismic motion F, lifting of the traveling wheels 3, and damage due to landing.

  Second, recovery work after an earthquake is facilitated. This is because the restoration work is completed simply by returning the crane 1 derailed from the traveling groove 4 to the traveling groove 4. For example, the movement of the crane 1 may be guided to the traveling groove 4 while rolling the crane 1 in the traveling direction y. The conventional restoration work required large-scale restoration work such as raising the fallen crane 1 or lifting the derailed traveling wheel and returning it to the rail.

  Third, the earthquake motion can be attenuated by the frictional force generated between the traveling wheel 3 and the quay surface 7.

  The angle θ of the inclined portion 6 is 10 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 70 degrees, desirably 20 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 60 degrees, and more desirably 30 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 50 degrees. If the angle θ is too large, the resistance when the traveling wheel 3 slides on the quay surface 7 via the inclined portion 6 increases, and there is a possibility that seismic motion directly acts on the crane 1. If the angle θ is too small, it is difficult to sufficiently guide the traveling of the crane 1 at the normal time.

  In addition, it is desirable to install a lubricating material 12 (for example, nylon, iron plate, steel plate, etc.) on the inclined portion 6 of the traveling groove 4 or the inclined portion 6 and the bottom portion 5. In other words, the configuration in which the frictional resistance between the traveling wheel 3 and the traveling groove 4 is reduced can prevent the earthquake acceleration from being transmitted directly to the crane 1. Similarly, it is good also as a structure which installs the lubricous material 12 in the peripheral corner | angular part 11 of the traveling wheel 3. FIG. Here, in order to suppress the direct transmission of the earthquake acceleration to the crane 1, it is desirable to reduce the frictional resistance between the traveling wheel 3 and the traveling groove 4 (the bottom portion 5 and the inclined portion 6) as much as possible. On the other hand, in order to absorb the vibration of the crane 1 in the transverse direction x, it is desirable that the frictional resistance between the traveling wheel 3 and the quay surface 7 is a certain value or more.

  Furthermore, the conventional seismic isolation device 8 may be installed in the leg structure 32 of the crane 1. By adopting the conventional seismic isolation device 8, relatively small-scale earthquake motion can be absorbed only by the seismic isolation device 8. Recovery work in the event of a small earthquake will be even easier.

FIG. 2 shows a quay crane 1a of a container terminal Ta according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The periphery of the traveling device 2a (not shown) is shown. The container terminal Ta has a quay crane 1a (not shown) and a quay 30a. The traveling device 2a of the crane 1a has a substantially spherical traveling wheel 3a. Moreover, the quay 30a has the running groove 4a comprised by the bottom part 5a and the inclination part 6a. The inclined portion 6 a is configured to have an inclination of an angle θa with respect to the quay wall surface 7. Moreover, the lubricating material 12a is installed in the upper surface of the bottom part 5a and the inclination part 6a.

  With the above configuration, the crane 1a can move in the transverse direction x more easily when an earthquake occurs. This is because the traveling wheel 3a can roll in addition to sliding when the crane 1a moves in the transverse direction x.

  Moreover, the angle θa of the inclined portion 6a can be formed larger than the angle θ shown in FIG. 1 by the configuration in which the substantially spherical traveling wheel 3a rolls. This is because the traveling wheel 3a rolls in the transverse direction x and can easily move from the bottom 5a to the quay surface 7 via the inclined portion 6a. With this configuration, the traveling groove 4a can be formed with a smaller length in the transverse direction x than the traveling groove 4 illustrated in FIG.

  Note that the optimum value of the angle θ of the inclined portion varies depending on the depth from the quay surface 7 to the bottoms 5 and 5a, the shape of the traveling wheels 3 and 3a, and the magnitude of the assumed earthquake motion.

  In FIG. 3, the periphery of the traveling apparatus 2b of the quay crane 1b (not shown) of the container terminal Tb of different embodiment which concerns on this invention is shown. The container terminal Tb has a quay crane 1b (not shown) and a quay 30b. The traveling device 2 b connected to the leg structure 32 includes a plurality of traveling wheels 3 that move along the traveling groove 4 and a drive assist mechanism 20 b. The drive assist mechanism 20b has a tire 21 that can be rotated by the power of the crane 1b. As the tire 21, a tire whose friction with respect to the bottom portion 5 is larger than that of the traveling wheel 3 can be used. For example, the tire 21 can be constituted by a rubber tire, a grooved wheel, or the like. The number of installed tires 21 is not limited to the above and can be arbitrarily determined.

  Next, the operation of the drive assist mechanism 20b will be described. Normally, the crane 1b travels in the traveling direction y by the rotation of the traveling wheels 3 and the tires 21. When the earthquake occurs, the traveling wheel 3 and the tire 21 slide on the traveling groove 4 and the quay surface 7.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, even if the frictional resistance between the traveling wheel 3 and the bottom portion 5 is reduced to further reduce the possibility of the crane 1b falling down, the traveling of the crane 1b in the traveling direction y can be realized. This is because the crane 1b can travel by the tire 21 even if slippage occurs between the traveling wheel 3 and the bottom 5 during traveling of the crane.

  Second, particularly when the traveling wheel is a substantially spherical traveling wheel 3a (see FIG. 2), the driving force of the traveling wheel 3a can be made unnecessary. That is, the crane 1b can be configured to travel only with the power of the drive assist mechanism 20b, and the traveling wheels 3a can be passively rolled. With this configuration, the structure of the traveling wheel 3a of the crane can be simplified.

  In addition, you may install the suspension mechanism which raises the tire 21 upwards in the crane 1b. With this configuration, the crane 1b can release the contact between the tire 21 and the traveling groove 4 when an earthquake occurs. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the earthquake acceleration from being directly transmitted to the crane 1b due to the frictional force generated between the tire 21 and the traveling groove 4 when an earthquake occurs.

Moreover, it is good also as a structure which installs the control valve which forcibly excludes internal air, using the tire 21 as a pneumatic tire. With this configuration, when an earthquake occurs, the crane can deflate the tire and release the contact between the tire and the ground (such as the running groove 4 and the quay surface 7) or reduce the friction coefficient.

  Here, the coefficient of friction between the tire 21 and the running groove 4 and the coefficient of friction between the tire 21 and the quay surface 7 are arbitrarily determined depending on the number of tires 21 installed on the crane 1b and the number of installed suspension mechanisms. Can be set. That is, the crane 1 can be configured to have a plurality of tires 21 and a suspension mechanism that suspends a part of the plurality of tires 21.

  In FIG. 4, the periphery of the traveling apparatus 2c of the quay crane 1c (not shown) of the container terminal Tc of different embodiment which concerns on this invention is shown. The container terminal Tc has a quay crane 1c (not shown) and a quay 30c. The traveling equipment 2 c connected to the seismic isolation device 8 includes a plurality of traveling wheels 3 that move along the traveling groove 4 and a pinion gear 22 that can be rotated by the power of the crane 1 c. The quay 30c has the running groove 4 and a rack 23 in which a plate-like member is cut. Here, the pinion gear 22 and the rack 23 constitute a drive assist mechanism 20c.

  Next, the operation of the drive assist mechanism 20c will be described. Normally, the crane 1c travels in the traveling direction y by the rotation of the traveling wheel 3 and the pinion gear 22. When an earthquake occurs, the traveling wheel 3 and the pinion gear 22 slide on the traveling groove 4 and the quay surface 7. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain the same operational effects as when the tire 21 described above is used. Note that a suspension mechanism that pulls the pinion gear 22 upward may be installed in the crane 1c.

  FIG. 5 shows a quay crane 1d of a container terminal Td according to another embodiment of the present invention. In addition to the configuration of the traveling wheel 3 and the traveling groove 4 described above, the crane 1d has a transverse direction x of the crane 1d and has auxiliary legs (hereinafter referred to as outriggers) 15 on the outside. The outrigger 15 has a grounding portion 16 and an arm portion 17. Normally, the ground contact portion 16 of the outrigger 15 is held at a height that does not contact the quay surface 7 of the quay 30d. When an earthquake occurs, the grounding portion 16 of the outrigger 15 is controlled to be grounded to the quay surface 7. Here, the outrigger 15 may be installed inside the leg structure 32. In addition, the grounding portion 16 can be grounded by, for example, lowering by an elevating device, deploying the arm portion 17, and the like.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, it is possible to further reduce the probability of occurrence of a fall accident of the crane 1d. This is because the outrigger 15 is grounded to support the crane 1d.

  Second, the earthquake motion generated in the crane 1d can be attenuated. This is because a large frictional resistance can be generated between the ground contact portion 16 of the outrigger 15 and the quay wall surface 7.

  It is desirable that the length of the ground contact portion 16 of the outrigger 15 in the transverse direction x is larger than the length of the traveling groove 4 in the transverse direction x. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the ground contact portion 16 of the outrigger 15 from falling into the traveling groove 4 and preventing the crane 1d from sliding in the transverse direction x.

Further, it is desirable that the lower surface side of the grounding portion 16 is made of a material having a high frictional resistance. This is because the sliding in the transverse direction x of the crane 1d when an earthquake occurs can be attenuated by this configuration. Furthermore, the outrigger 15 and the above-described tire 21 or pinion gear 22 may be mechanically interlocked to configure the outrigger 15 as a part of the suspension mechanism. With this configuration, when the outrigger 15 is grounded (falls) when an earthquake occurs, the tire 21 or the pinion gear 22 can be raised at the same time.

  As mentioned above, the combination of the traveling device of the quay crane and the traveling groove of the container terminal can prevent an accident that the crane falls when an earthquake occurs. The present invention can also be applied to other cranes such as an unloader having a club bucket. That is, if it is a crane which has the above-mentioned traveling wheel and a traveling groove, the effect of this invention can be acquired.

1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) Quay crane 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) Traveling device 3 Traveling wheel 3a Traveling wheel (substantially spherical)
4, 4a Traveling groove 5, 5a Bottom 6, 6a Inclined part 7 Quay surface 12, 12a Lubricating material 20b, 20c Driving assist mechanism 21 Tire 22 Pinion gear 23 Rack 30 Quay 32 Leg structure T (Ta, Tb, Tc, Td) Container terminal x Traverse direction y Travel direction θ Angle

Claims (6)

In a quay crane and a container terminal with a quay,
The quay crane has a traveling device and traveling wheels installed in the traveling device;
The quay has a traveling groove that guides the traveling wheel and is formed in a traveling direction of the quay crane;
The container terminal, wherein the traveling groove has a bottom portion that comes into contact with the traveling wheel, and an inclined portion formed from the bottom portion to a quay surface.   The container terminal according to claim 1, wherein the traveling wheel is a traveling wheel having no flange portion or a substantially spherical traveling wheel. The quay crane has a drive assist mechanism;
The container terminal according to claim 1, wherein the drive assist mechanism has a tire installed on the traveling device. The quay crane has a drive assist mechanism;
The container terminal according to claim 1, wherein the drive assist mechanism includes a pinion gear installed in the traveling device and a rack laid on the bottom.   The container terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a lubricating material is provided on at least a part of the traveling wheel, the bottom portion, or the inclined portion. The quay crane has auxiliary legs;
The auxiliary leg has an arm part installed on a leg structure, and a grounding part installed on the lower end of the arm part,
The container terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the grounding portion is configured to be grounded to the quay surface when an earthquake occurs.

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