JP2012168019A - Vibration meter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vibration meter which has high flexibility in an installation place and also can perform stable measurements for a long period.SOLUTION: A vibration meter 1 detects vibration generated by an earthquake for measuring the response acceleration thereof. The vibration meter 1 includes an acceleration sensor 2 for measuring acceleration, a storage unit 21 for recording a measured value measured by the acceleration sensor, a battery 3 for supplying power for operating the acceleration sensor, an energization control unit 4 for controlling power supply/cut-off from the battery 3 to the acceleration sensor, and a vibration detection unit 5 for starting the energization control unit when detecting vibration with a magnitude equal to or larger than a prescribed one.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibrometer that measures acceleration when a ground or a structure vibrates due to an earthquake or the like.

  Conventionally, when a building is damaged by an earthquake, a method for determining the degree of damage to the building from the magnitude of acceleration generated in the building at the time of the earthquake is known (see Patent Document 1 and the like).

  This Patent Document 1 discloses a building damage degree determination apparatus including an acceleration sensor installed in a building. When determining the building damage degree using this apparatus, the maximum acceleration data measured by the acceleration sensor is used. I use it.

  Since such an acceleration sensor is normally operated by electric power supplied from a commercial power source such as an electric power company, it is necessary to perform wiring to a place where the acceleration sensor is installed.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a building structure damage detection apparatus that detects the degree and position of building damage by measuring strain generated in the building with a strain sensor.

  It is described that a power generation device such as a vibration power generation device or a solar power generation device can be used to operate the strain sensor. Thus, if the electric power generated using natural energy is used, the wiring to the sensor can be omitted.

JP 2009-20056 A JP 2006-29931 A

  However, the power generation device using natural energy disclosed in Patent Document 2 has an unstable power generation amount, and there is a possibility that missing measurement or the like may occur in a configuration in which measurement is performed based on the power.

  In addition, the use of a battery can eliminate wiring and increase the degree of freedom of the installation location. However, in a configuration that constantly consumes battery power for monitoring, etc., the battery is extremely consumed and must be replaced frequently. It's not practical.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a vibrometer capable of performing stable measurement over a long period of time while having a high degree of freedom in installation location.

  In order to achieve the above object, a vibrometer of the present invention is a vibrometer that detects vibration and measures acceleration thereof, and includes an acceleration sensor that measures the acceleration, and a measurement value measured by the acceleration sensor. A storage unit for recording, a power storage unit for supplying electric power for operating the acceleration sensor, an energization control unit for controlling energization and interruption from the power storage unit to the acceleration sensor, and a vibration of a predetermined magnitude or more are detected. And a vibration detection unit that activates the energization control unit.

  Here, the vibration detection unit includes a vibration power generation unit that generates power using vibration energy, and a start switch unit that starts the energization control unit when the power generation amount of the vibration power generation unit reaches a predetermined magnitude or more. It can be set as the structure provided. For example, the activation switch unit may include a Zener diode, and the energization control unit may be activated when a voltage applied to the Zener diode reaches a predetermined level or more.

  The vibration detection unit may include a swing unit that varies depending on vibration energy, and an energization terminal unit that activates the energization control unit upon contact with the swing unit.

  Further, the energization control unit includes a time measuring unit, and once activated, the energization of the acceleration sensor is continued until a signal is generated to notify that a predetermined time has elapsed from the time measuring unit. can do.

  In the vibrometer of the present invention configured as described above, the acceleration sensor is operated by stable electric power supplied from the power storage unit. The energization control unit that controls energization and interruption from the power storage unit to the acceleration sensor is activated only when the vibration detection unit detects vibration.

  For this reason, it is not necessary to carry out wiring for connecting to a commercial power source, and the degree of freedom of installation location is high. In addition, since the power of the power storage unit is consumed only when vibration of the magnitude that is desired to be measured is detected by providing the vibration detection unit, the life of the power storage unit is long before recharging is required, Stable measurement can be performed by the electric power of the power storage unit.

  Moreover, if it is a vibration detection part provided with the vibration electric power generation part which generates electric power with vibration energy, it can be easily comprised only by connecting a vibration electric power generation part to a circuit. Furthermore, if it is the structure provided with the Zener diode, the magnitude | size of the vibration detected by a vibration detection part can be changed easily.

  Moreover, if it is a mechanical vibration detection part provided with the rocking | fluctuation part which is fluctuate | varied with vibration energy, it can operate | move stably also in the outdoors and severe environment where a temperature difference is severe.

  In addition, if the current controller is equipped with a timekeeping unit and once activated, if the acceleration sensor is used for measurement until a predetermined time has elapsed, even if the vibration is weakened on the way, the time series Measurement can be performed and an acceleration waveform can be obtained.

It is the circuit diagram which showed the structure of the vibrometer of embodiment of this invention. (A) is the figure which showed the relationship between an acceleration and a generated voltage, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the characteristic of a Zener diode. It is a flowchart explaining the operation | movement flow of the vibration detection part of embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the operation | movement flow of the electricity supply control part and acceleration sensor of embodiment of this invention. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a vibrometer of Example 1. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a vibrometer of Example 2. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a vibrometer 1 described in the present embodiment. The vibrometer 1 is installed in an arbitrary place such as a building such as a building or a house, or a civil engineering structure such as a bridge, a dam, or a tunnel, and records a history of acceleration received by the structure due to an earthquake or the like. Used for. Moreover, if the vibrometer 1 is installed on the ground, it becomes a seismometer.

  The vibrometer 1 according to the present embodiment includes an acceleration sensor 2 that measures acceleration, a storage unit 21 that records measurement values measured by the acceleration sensor 2, and a power storage unit that supplies power for operating the acceleration sensor 2. Mainly includes a battery 3, an energization control unit 4 that controls energization and interruption from the battery 3 to the acceleration sensor 2, and a vibration detection unit 5 that activates the energization control unit 4 when a vibration of a predetermined magnitude or more is detected. In preparation.

  The acceleration sensor 2 is a device that detects and measures an acceleration caused by vibration of a place where the acceleration sensor 2 is installed. That is, if it is installed on the structure, the response acceleration of the structure is measured, and if it is installed on the ground, the acceleration caused by the vibration of the ground is measured.

  The acceleration sensor 2 is connected to a storage unit 21 that records measurement values. The storage unit 21 can be a storage medium such as a flash memory, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a hard disk, or an optical disk. Furthermore, an acceleration data logger in which the acceleration sensor 2 and the storage unit 21 are integrated can be used.

  The acceleration sensor 2 is operated by the electric power of the battery 3, and the energization control unit 4 controls whether or not the acceleration sensor 2 is energized. The energization control unit 4 can be configured by a microcomputer having an electronic switch, and includes a timer 41 and a switch 42 as a timer unit.

  The timer 41 is a device that manages the time by measuring the time generated by dividing the clock incorporated in the microcomputer, or by counting the pulse signals generated at regular intervals based on it. It is.

  Then, the switch 42 is turned on by a signal generated by the start of the timer 41, the electric circuit A3 is formed, and the electric power of the battery 3 is supplied to the acceleration sensor 2. Further, the switch 42 is turned off by a signal generated after the timer 41 measures a preset time, and the supply of power to the acceleration sensor 2 is cut off.

  On the other hand, the vibration detection unit 5 includes a vibration power generation unit 51 that generates power using vibration energy such as an earthquake, and an activation switch that activates the energization control unit 4 when the power generation amount of the vibration power generation unit 51 reaches a predetermined magnitude or more. The main part is provided with the part 52.

  The vibration power generation unit 51 is a device that converts vibration energy generated by shaking of the place where the vibrometer 1 is generated due to an earthquake or the like into electric power. The principle of the vibration power generation unit 51 includes a piezoelectric type in which electricity is generated when the piezoelectric element (piezo element) is distorted, and an electromagnetic induction type in which the magnetic flux passing through the coil is changed by movement of the magnet and the coil. There is an electrostatic induction type in which electricity is generated by shifting the positions of charged electrodes.

  In addition, the start switch unit 52 includes a mechanical switch and a Zener diode 521 as shown in FIG. This mechanical switch includes an iron core portion 523, a coil portion 522 wound around the iron core portion 523, a seesaw portion 526 of a rod-shaped magnetic body, and a contact 524 attached to an end portion of the seesaw portion 526 on the iron core portion 523 side. The contact portion 524 and the spring portion 525 connected to the end of the seesaw portion 526 on the opposite side are mainly configured.

  In the mechanical switch, when the coil portion 522 is not energized, the contact portion 524 side of the seesaw portion 526 is raised by the restoring force of the spring portion 525, and the iron core portion 523 and the seesaw portion 526 are separated from each other.

  On the other hand, when the coil portion 522 is energized, a magnetic force is generated in the iron core portion 523 and the seesaw portion 526 is attracted to the head portion of the iron core portion 523. Then, the lowered contactor 524 comes into contact with the terminal 527 connected to the energization control unit 4, and the electric circuit A2 is formed.

  Energization of the coil unit 522 is due to power generation by the vibration power generation unit 51. As shown in FIG. 2A, the power generation voltage of the vibration power generation unit 51 increases as the acceleration α due to vibration increases.

  On the other hand, since the vibration power generation unit 51 generates power even with a small vibration, when the vibration power generation unit 51 and the coil unit 522 are directly connected, the start switch is also activated by traffic vibration, wind vibration, or vibration caused by a small earthquake that does not need to be measured. The energization control unit 4 is activated by the unit 52 and causes the battery 3 to be consumed.

Therefore, energization is controlled by inserting a Zener diode 521 between the coil unit 522 and the vibration power generation unit 51. As shown in FIG. 2B, the Zener diode 521 substantially cuts off the current until the reverse voltage reaches a certain value, and when a voltage equal to or higher than the set breakdown voltage V _D is applied, It is a semiconductor that flows.

For this reason, when the current of the electric power generated by the vibration power generation unit 51 is connected so as to flow in the direction of the reverse current of the Zener diode 521, the coil until the power generation voltage V of the vibration power generation unit 51 reaches the breakdown voltage V _D. No current flows through the portion 522, and when a voltage equal to or higher than the breakdown voltage V _D is applied, an electric circuit A1 is formed, the coil portion 522 is energized, and a magnetic force is generated in the iron core portion 523.

On the other hand, the breakdown voltage V _D of the Zener diode 521 can be set by the relationship between the power generation voltage V of the vibration power generation unit 51 and the acceleration α as shown in FIG. That is, if the acceleration α of the earthquake to be measured by the vibrometer 1 is the acceleration α _q , the power generation voltage V _q of the vibration power generation unit 51 when the acceleration α _q acts is obtained from FIG. Therefore, a Zener diode 521 that _satisfies V _D = V _q may be selected and arranged.

The breakdown voltage V _D of the Zener diode 521 is wide from about 3 V to 50 V and exists in fine sections, so that the magnitude of vibration to be measured can be arbitrarily set.

  Next, the operation flow of the vibrometer 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.

  First, the vibrometer 1 is installed in a building where the history of acceleration is to be measured. At this time, the battery 3 is charged up to the maximum capacity. Then, it waits for the building to vibrate.

When an earthquake occurs in this state (step S1 in FIG. 3), the vibration power generation unit 51 starts power generation with the acceleration α (step S2). Here, even if the building vibrates due to wind or a small earthquake, the power generation voltage V of the vibration power generation unit 51 does not exceed the breakdown voltage V _D , so that the start switch unit 52 is not energized (step S3).

On the other hand, when the generated voltage V of the vibration generating portion 51 becomes higher than the breakdown voltage V _D in step S3, the electric circuit A1 is formed a current flows to the Zener diode 521 is energized to the coil unit 522 (step S4).

  When the magnetic force is generated in the iron core portion 523 by energization of the coil portion 522 and the seesaw portion 526 is attracted to the iron core portion 523, the contact 524 comes into contact with the terminal 527 to form the electric circuit A2 (step S5). .

  The electric power of the battery 3 is supplied to the electric circuit A2, and the energization control unit 4 is activated by the electric power as shown in step S51 of FIG. When the energization control unit 4 is activated, first, the timer 41 starts counting n (step S52).

  Subsequently, the switch 42 of the energization control unit 4 is turned on to form the electric circuit A3. Due to the formation of the electric circuit A3, the power of the battery 3 is supplied to the acceleration sensor 2 and the storage unit 21 (step S53).

  The energized acceleration sensor 2 measures the vibration of the building at that time as the acceleration α (step S54), and sequentially records the measured value in an empty area of the storage unit 21 (step S55). This measurement and recording are continued until the count n of the timer 41 reaches a preset count N (for example, about 2 minutes in time) (step S56).

On the other hand, as shown in step S6 in FIG. 3, starting energizing of the switch 52 between the power generation voltage V is higher than the breakdown voltage V _D of the vibration power unit 51 is sustained, the generated voltage V is lower than the breakdown voltage V _D The magnetic force of the iron core portion 523 disappears, and the contact 524 is separated from the terminal 527 by the restoring force of the spring portion 525, and the energization of the activation switch portion 52 is cut off (step S7).

Therefore, as shown in step S57 in FIG. 4, the count n generated voltage V at the time reaches the set count N of the timer 41 determines whether it is the breakdown voltage V _D above, if the breakdown voltage V _D or The count n is initialized (step S58), and measurement and recording by the acceleration sensor 2 are continued.

In contrast, the power generation voltage V when the step S57 is if below the breakdown voltage V _D, to cut off the energization off the switch 42 of the energization control unit 4 to the acceleration sensor 2 (step S59).

  Further, the measurement value data measured by the acceleration sensor 2 of the vibrometer 1 and recorded in the storage unit 21 is periodically transmitted from the storage unit 21 via wire or wirelessly, or the storage unit 21 is replaced. It can be taken out by doing. For example, in the case of a wired system, there is a method of directly connecting the data aggregation device to the storage unit 21. In the case of a wireless system, a method in which a transmitter such as a specific low power radio is connected to the storage unit 21 and the measurement value recorded in the storage unit 21 is wirelessly transmitted to the data totalization apparatus by the transmitter can be applied. Moreover, although it is a method used by RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) etc., the data totalization apparatus which generate | occur | produces an induction electromagnetic field is brought close to the transmitter connected to the memory | storage part 21, and the induced electric power which generate | occur | produced in the transmitter is made into electric power. As a result, it is possible to wirelessly transmit the measurement value recorded in the storage unit 21 to the data counting device without depleting the battery 3.

  Next, the operation of the vibrometer 1 of the present embodiment will be described.

  In the vibrometer 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the acceleration sensor 2 is operated by stable electric power supplied from the battery 3. The energization control unit 4 that controls energization and interruption from the battery 3 to the acceleration sensor 2 is activated only when the vibration detection unit 5 detects vibration.

  For this reason, it is not necessary to perform wiring for connecting to a commercial power source according to the installation location, and the vibrometer 1 can be placed at any position inside or outside the building without being limited to the power position of the building.

  In general, the degree of shaking of a building due to an earthquake can be estimated by performing an earthquake response analysis using acceleration waveform data as input values, but the measured values obtained from nearby seismometers installed by the Japan Meteorological Agency are used as input values. Rather than using it, it is possible to estimate more realistically by using the data of the measurement values of the vibrometer 1 installed on the ground where the building which is the structure to be analyzed is built or on the foundation of the building.

  The vibration meter 1 cannot measure the vibration at the initial stage of the earthquake until the energization control unit 4 is started. However, the most important thing is the maximum response acceleration received by the building or the vicinity thereof. Because of the acceleration waveform, the function as the vibrometer 1 can be sufficiently achieved.

  When a large earthquake occurs, the measured value data is taken out from the storage unit 21 of the vibrometer 1 installed in the building or bridge, and the recorded maximum response acceleration or acceleration waveform is analyzed, thereby It is possible to quickly determine whether it is possible to enter or whether the bridge is accessible. Furthermore, when making a post-earthquake recovery plan, it is possible to formulate an accurate recovery plan based on these measurement data.

  In addition, if the energization control unit 4 is provided with a timer 41 and once activated, if the acceleration sensor 2 performs measurement until a predetermined time elapses, even if vibration is weakened on the way, Series measurement can be performed, and an acceleration waveform necessary for the above-described analysis can be obtained.

  Furthermore, since the power of the battery 3 is consumed only when the vibration of the magnitude to be measured is detected by providing the vibration detection unit 5, the life of the battery 3 until the recharge is required is long. Stable measurement can be performed for a long time by installation. In other words, if there is no detectable vibration, the battery 3 is not consumed more than the amount of spontaneous discharge, and the battery 3 needs to be replaced in comparison with a configuration that always requires operating power even if it is small, as in constant monitoring. Can be delayed.

  In addition, if only the configuration detected by the vibration detection unit 5 is measured, it is possible to reduce malfunctions due to vibrations that are not measurement targets, and unnecessary measurement values are not accumulated unnecessarily. The storage capacity of 21 can be saved. Furthermore, the time required for organizing the measured values can be shortened.

  In addition, the vibration detection unit 5 including the vibration power generation unit 51 that generates power using vibration energy can be simply configured by simply connecting the vibration power generation unit 51 to the circuit.

Further, if the configuration with a Zener diode 521, only replace those of a desired breakdown voltage V _D, it is possible to easily change the size of the vibration to be detected by the vibration detection unit 5.

  Hereinafter, in Example 1, an embodiment different from the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same or equivalent parts as those described in the above embodiment will be given the same reference numerals.

  In the above-described embodiment, the start switch unit 52 is a mechanical switch. In Example 1, a vibration meter 1A including the start switch unit 53 configured by an electronic switch will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the start switch unit 53 is mainly configured by a Zener diode 531, a light emitting diode 532, and a phototransistor 533.

  The phototransistor 533 is a transistor that controls current by an optical signal. Here, a photocoupler in which a light emitting diode 532 and a phototransistor 533 are enclosed is used.

Configured vibrometer 1A in this way, the generated voltage V of the vibration generating portion 51 vibration occurs and becomes higher than the breakdown voltage V _D of the Zener diode 531, light emitting diode 532 electrical circuit B1 is formed emits light .

  When the phototransistor 533 becomes energized by the light from the light emitting diode 532, the electric circuit B2 is formed. When the electric circuit B2 is formed, the energization control unit 4 is activated by the electric power of the battery 3, and when the switch 42 is turned on as described in the above embodiment, the electric circuit B3 is formed.

  The vibrometer 1 </ b> A according to the first embodiment configured as described above can be easily manufactured by simply connecting the start switch unit 53 to the photocoupler and the Zener diode 531.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, in Example 2, an embodiment different from the above-described embodiment and Example 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same or equivalent parts as those described in the above embodiment or Example 1 will be given the same reference numerals.

  In the embodiment and the first embodiment, the configuration of the vibration detection units 5 and 5A including the vibration power generation unit 51 has been described. In the second embodiment, the configuration of the mechanical vibration detection unit 6 will be described.

  The vibration detection unit 6 mainly includes a swinging part 61 that varies depending on vibration energy, and an energization terminal part 62 that activates the energization control unit 4 by contact with the swinging part 61.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the energization terminal portion 62 is formed of a hollow box-shaped conductor, and the upper end is connected to the energization control unit 4. Further, the lower portion of the energizing terminal portion 62 is closed by the bottom portion 63 of the insulator.

  A swinging part 61 is provided on the upper surface of the bottom part 63. The swinging part 61 includes a spring part 61b formed by an electric conductor and a spherical weight part 61a formed by an electric conductor provided at the upper end of the spring part 61b.

  The swinging part 61 is accommodated in a space formed by the box-shaped energizing terminal part 62 and the bottom part 63. Further, the lower end of the spring portion 61 b is connected to a terminal 64 connected to the battery 3.

  In the vibration detection unit 6 configured as described above, when the installation location of the vibrometer 1B is not vibrating, the weight part 61a and the inner surface of the energization terminal part 62 are separated from each other, and the electric circuit C1 is formed. There is no.

  When the installation location of the vibrometer 1B vibrates, the spring portion 61b swings and the weight portion 61a tilts. When the vibration increases, the weight portion 61a and the inner surface of the energizing terminal portion 62 come into contact with each other to form the electric circuit C1. Is done.

  Further, when the electric circuit C1 is formed, the energization control unit 4 is activated by the power of the battery 3, and when the switch 42 is turned on as described in the above embodiment, the electric circuit C2 is formed.

  The vibrometer 1B according to the second embodiment configured as described above is a mechanical vibration detection unit 6 including a swing unit 61 that varies depending on vibration energy, and thus can be stably used outdoors or in severe environments where temperature differences are severe. Can be operated.

  Further, by changing the size of the inner space of the energizing terminal portion 62, the weight and shape of the weight portion 61a, the strength of the spring portion 61b, etc., the magnitude of vibration that the swinging portion 61 contacts the energizing terminal portion 62 is increased. In other words, the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detection unit 6 can be easily adjusted.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment or Example 1, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment or example, and the design changes are within the scope of the present invention. Are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment or example 1, the configuration in which the start switch unit 52 (53) is controlled using the Zener diode 521 (531) has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The structure which adjusts the rated voltage of a relay may be sufficient. Furthermore, the Zener diode 521 (531) can be omitted when measurement is desired even with a small vibration.

  In addition, the vibrometers 1, 1A, 1B of the above-described embodiment or example are equipped with a GPS antenna and a GPS receiver, and time information included in radio waves received from GPS satellites while the acceleration sensor 2 is energized is captured and measured. An absolute time can be recorded together with the value.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibrometer 2 Acceleration sensor 21 Memory | storage part 3 Battery (electric storage part)
4 Energization controller 41 Timer (timer)
42 Switch 5 Vibration detection unit 51 Vibration power generation unit 52 Start switch unit 521 Zener diode 1A Vibrometer 5A Vibration detection unit 53 Start switch unit 531 Zener diode 1B Vibrometer 6 Vibration detection unit 61 Oscillation unit 62 Energizing terminal unit

Claims (5)

A vibrometer that detects vibration and measures its acceleration,
An acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration;
A storage unit for recording measurement values measured by the acceleration sensor;
A power storage unit for supplying electric power for operating the acceleration sensor;
An energization control unit that controls energization and interruption from the power storage unit to the acceleration sensor;
A vibration meter comprising: a vibration detection unit that activates the energization control unit when vibration of a predetermined magnitude or more is detected.   The vibration detection unit includes a vibration power generation unit that generates power using vibration energy, and a start switch unit that starts the energization control unit when the power generation amount of the vibration power generation unit reaches a predetermined magnitude or more. The vibrometer according to claim 1.   The start switch unit includes a Zener diode, and the energization control unit is started when a voltage applied to the Zener diode reaches a predetermined level or more. Vibrometer.   The said vibration detection part is provided with the rocking | fluctuation part which fluctuates with vibration energy, and the electricity supply terminal part which starts the said electricity supply control part by contact with the rocking | fluctuation part. Vibration meter.   The energization control unit includes a timing unit, and once activated, the energization of the acceleration sensor is continued until a signal is generated informing that a predetermined time has elapsed from the timing unit. The vibrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4.