JP2012162428A - Method for producing soil brick using surplus soil waste from construction - Google Patents
Method for producing soil brick using surplus soil waste from construction Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012162428A JP2012162428A JP2011025430A JP2011025430A JP2012162428A JP 2012162428 A JP2012162428 A JP 2012162428A JP 2011025430 A JP2011025430 A JP 2011025430A JP 2011025430 A JP2011025430 A JP 2011025430A JP 2012162428 A JP2012162428 A JP 2012162428A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 mountain sand Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この発明は建設残土を産業廃棄物とならない固化材と混合し、焼成することなく成型、乾燥固化して土レンガとする製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a manufacturing method in which construction residual soil is mixed with a solidifying material that does not become industrial waste, and is molded, dried and solidified without being fired to form a clay brick.
都市部の建設現場から発生する建設残土は処分を必要とし、遠方の処分場へ運搬すると運搬車輌が二酸化炭素を多量に発生するので環境にとっては好ましいものではない。
火山灰質粘性土の関東ロームは、関東地方の丘陵や台地上に広く分布する赤褐色の砂泥土であり、これを乱した状態とすると強度が著しく低下し、また、降雨などで水分を含んで軟弱化すると非常に扱いにくい土となる。
関東ロームは、関東地方の建設現場で大量に発生することから有効利用が望まれているが、粘性が高く、レンガなどの建築資材の原料としては取り扱いが面倒であった。
関東ロームの残土をレンガとして有効できるようにするため、本願出願人は、特許文献１（特開２０１１−６３０８号公報）で、水を加えて含水率を約４９％〜５１％に調整した関東ロームにセメント、水、及びアルミン酸ソーダを加えて真空土練機で混練りし、押出成型して乾燥固化することを提案した。
Construction surplus soil generated from construction sites in urban areas requires disposal, and if transported to a remote disposal site, the transport vehicle generates a large amount of carbon dioxide, which is not preferable for the environment.
Kanto Loam, a volcanic ash cohesive soil, is a reddish brown sand mud soil that is widely distributed on hills and plateaus in the Kanto region. When it becomes, it becomes very unwieldy soil.
Kanto loam is expected to be used effectively because it is produced in large quantities at construction sites in the Kanto region, but it is highly viscous and difficult to handle as a raw material for building materials such as bricks.
In order to make the remaining soil of Kanto Loam effective as a brick, the applicant of the present application added a water content in Kanto in JP-A-2011-6308 to adjust the water content to about 49% to 51%. It was proposed that cement, water, and sodium aluminate be added to loam, kneaded with a vacuum kneader, extruded, and dried and solidified.
また、特許文献２（特許第３０５９６７４号公報）には、焼却灰や石粉等の廃棄粉体に水分を加えて混練りし、混合物を真空吸引によって脱気しつつ連続的に押出成型して所要の大きさに切断し、天日乾燥してレンガとすることが開示されている。
特許文献３（特開平５−５００５３号公報）には、掘削残土に消石灰を混合して成型することが記載されている。
In Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent No. 3059674), it is necessary to add water to a waste powder such as incineration ash and stone powder, knead, and continuously extrude the mixture while degassing it by vacuum suction. It is disclosed that it is cut into the size of, then dried in the sun to form a brick.
Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-50053) describes mixing slaked lime with excavated residual soil and molding it.
関東ロームは、取り扱いが難しく、セメントを固化材として混合して成型し、焼成することなく乾燥固化してブロックやレンガにしようとするとバラバラとなることがあるため、特許文献１では、アルミン酸ソーダを加えて真空土練機で混練することで解決している。
しかし、セメントを含む土レンガ等の破砕物は産業廃棄物に分類されるため、処分費用が余計にかかるという問題がある。
また、土色のレンガだけでなく、顔料を混合して所望の色に着色したレンガを作成しようとしても、希望するように綺麗に発色させることができないという問題があった。
本発明は、関東ロームなどの火山灰質粘性土の建設残土をセメントを使用することなく成型固化してレンガとすることができるようにすると共に、少量の顔料で所望の色にレンガを着色できるようにするものである。
Kanto loam is difficult to handle, and mixes and molds cement as a solidifying material, and when it is dried and solidified without firing, it may fall apart, so in Patent Document 1, sodium aluminate is disclosed. Is added and kneaded with a vacuum kneader.
However, crushed materials such as earth bricks containing cement are classified as industrial waste, which causes an additional disposal cost.
In addition to the earth-colored bricks, there is a problem that even if an attempt is made to create a brick colored with a desired color by mixing pigments, the desired color cannot be produced.
The present invention enables the construction residual soil of volcanic ash clay, such as Kanto Loam, to be molded and solidified without using cement to form a brick, and allows the brick to be colored to a desired color with a small amount of pigment. It is to make.
粒径５ｍｍ以下に調整した火山灰質粘性土の建設残土１００重量部、カルシウム系固化材３０〜６７重量部、建設残土とカルシウム系固化材の合計重量に対して砂２０重量％及び顔料を混合して成型固化する土レンガの製造方法であって、砂と顔料を十分混合して砂を顔料で着色したものにカルシウム系固化材を混合し、続いて建設残土を混合し、この混合物を成型固化するものである。 100% by weight of construction residual soil of volcanic ash cohesive soil adjusted to a particle size of 5 mm or less, 30 to 67 parts by weight of calcium-based solidified material, 20% by weight sand and pigment are mixed with respect to the total weight of construction residual soil and calcium-based solidified material. This is a method for producing earth bricks that are molded and solidified by mixing sand and pigment, mixing sand with pigment, mixing calcium-based solidified material, then mixing construction soil, and molding and solidifying this mixture. To do.
本発明が対象とする土質は、関東ローム等の火山灰質粘性土であるが、関東ローム以外の火山灰質粘性土に対しても適用可能である。
本発明では、建設現場で発生した火山灰質粘性土の残土から異物を取り除き、改質することなくそのまま使用する。なお、粒径５ｍｍを超える土粒塊が多数ある場合は、５ｍｍ以下のものを篩等で選別する。
残土の含水率を４０％以下に調整して使用するのが好ましい。含水率が高いものであると、混練りや成型が困難になるので好ましくない。
The soil targeted by the present invention is a volcanic ash clay such as Kanto Loam, but can also be applied to a volcanic ash clay other than Kanto Loam.
In the present invention, the foreign matter is removed from the residual soil of the volcanic ash clay generated at the construction site and used as it is without modification. In addition, when there are a large number of soil grain blocks having a particle size exceeding 5 mm, those having a size of 5 mm or less are selected with a sieve or the like.
It is preferable to use after adjusting the moisture content of the residual soil to 40% or less. A high water content is not preferable because kneading and molding become difficult.
消石灰（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2）や炭酸カルシウム（ＣａＣＯ3）などのカルシウム系固化材を火山灰質粘性土と混合した場合、表１に示すように、ベーンせん断試験の結果がセメントを固化材としたものよりもせん断強さが大きく、また、カルシウム系固化材は、これらの成分が含まれていても産業廃棄物とならないことから、カルシウム系固化材を使用するものとした。 When calcium-based solidifying material such as slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) or calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is mixed with volcanic ash clay, as shown in Table 1, the result of the vane shear test was cement as the solidifying material. Since the shear strength of the calcium-based solidified material is greater than that of the product and the calcium-based solidified material does not become an industrial waste even if these components are included, the calcium-based solidified material is used.
消石灰は、工業用消石灰の他、有害物を含まず消石灰を９０重量％以上含むものであればよい。
炭酸カルシウムの場合、石材加工の過程で発生する大理石粉を使用することができる。大理石粉は、大理石の石材製品を製造する際に発生する切粉や研磨粉等であり、粒径が２ｍｍ以下のものを使用する。大理石粉は、スラリーや含水スラッジとして発生するものであり、静置して沈降した大理石粉を使用する。
大理石粉は、消石灰と同様に固化材とし土レンガの強度発現に寄与するが、大理石粉を用いた場合は、必ずしも骨材としての砂を添加する必要がなくなるので、大理石粉の粒度分布を考慮し、試し練りによって土レンガの配合を決定する。
また、大理石粉を使用する場合は、珪酸ナトリウムを２〜２０重量％、好ましくは２〜１０重量％の範囲で加えると強度が向上する。
残土とカルシウム系固化材の混合割合は、残土１００重量部に対し、１５〜６５重量部とするのが好ましい。
カルシウム系固化材が１５重量部未満の場合、十分な強度が得られず、６５重量部を超えると強度は十分であるが、アルカリの溶出が多くなるので好ましくない。
The slaked lime may be any slaked lime as long as it contains 90% by weight or more of slaked lime without containing harmful substances.
In the case of calcium carbonate, marble powder generated during the stone processing can be used. The marble powder is a cutting powder or polishing powder generated when manufacturing a marble stone product, and has a particle diameter of 2 mm or less. Marble powder is generated as slurry or hydrous sludge, and marble powder settled down after standing is used.
Marble powder, like slaked lime, is used as a solidifying material and contributes to the development of the strength of earth bricks. However, when marble powder is used, it is not always necessary to add sand as aggregate. Then, the mix of clay is determined by trial kneading.
Moreover, when using marble powder, intensity | strength will improve when sodium silicate is added in 2 to 20 weight%, Preferably it is 2 to 10 weight%.
The mixing ratio of the remaining soil and the calcium-based solidifying material is preferably 15 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the remaining soil.
When the calcium-based solidified material is less than 15 parts by weight, sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 65 parts by weight, the strength is sufficient, but it is not preferable because alkali elution increases.
砂は、骨材として添加するものであり、種類は限定されない。山砂、陸砂、川砂、海砂、砕砂、再生骨材等、いずれの砂でもよい。砂の添加割合は、建設残土とカルシウム系固化材に対して５〜２０重量％である。
５重量％未満では強度の向上に寄与せず、２０重量％を超えると、建設残土との混合に時間を要し、処理効率が悪くなると共に、強度が低下する場合がある。
なお、カルシウム系固化材として大理石粉が、骨材として機能する粒径のものが含まれている場合は、砂は必ずしも添加しなくてもよいが、大理石粉の粒度分布を調整して骨材となる粒径分が含まれるようにする。
Sand is added as an aggregate, and the type is not limited. Any sand such as mountain sand, land sand, river sand, sea sand, crushed sand, recycled aggregate, etc. may be used. The addition ratio of sand is 5 to 20% by weight with respect to the construction residual soil and the calcium-based solidified material.
If it is less than 5% by weight, it does not contribute to the improvement of the strength, and if it exceeds 20% by weight, it takes time to mix with the construction residual soil, the processing efficiency is deteriorated, and the strength may be lowered.
In addition, when marble powder having a particle size that functions as an aggregate is included as a calcium-based solidifying material, sand does not necessarily have to be added. The particle size to be
顔料を他の材料と一緒に混合すると発色性が悪いが、顔料を砂と予めミキサー等によって撹拌混合しておくことによって土レンガを綺麗に発色させることができる。
また、顔料と十分混合された砂にカルシウム系固化材の消石灰を添加して撹拌混合し、最後に建設残土を加えて撹拌混合するのが好ましい。
When the pigment is mixed with other materials, the color developability is poor. However, the clay brick can be colored beautifully by mixing the pigment with sand in advance with a mixer or the like.
Further, it is preferable to add calcium-based solidified slaked lime to sand sufficiently mixed with the pigment and stir and mix, and finally add construction residual soil and stir and mix.
固化材としてセメントを使用せず、消石灰などのカルシウム系固化材を建設残土に添加して成型することによって成型物が型崩れすることなく乾燥固化するので、関東ロームなどの火山灰質粘性土の建設残土を土レンガにすることができ、廃材を有効利用することができ、建設残土の廃棄処分費用を軽減することができるようになった。
また、固化材としてカルシウム系固化材を用いており、セメントを使用しないので、破砕物は産業廃棄物とならず、土として処理できることから、処分費用を大幅に軽減することができる。なお、顔料や珪酸ナトリウムは少量であるので、これらが含まれていても産業廃棄物とはならない。
製造した土レンガは、断熱材等として利用可能であり、更に、残土発生現場において外構に使用することもできる。
固化材として大理石粉を用いることができるので、大理石粉の処分費用をも軽減することができる。
Construction of volcanic ash clay such as Kanto Loam because cement is not used as a solidifying material, and a calcium-based solidifying material such as slaked lime is added to the construction residual soil and molded so that the molded product does not lose its shape and solidifies. The remaining soil can be made into earth bricks, waste materials can be used effectively, and construction waste soil disposal costs can be reduced.
Moreover, since the calcium-based solidified material is used as the solidified material and cement is not used, the crushed material is not industrial waste and can be treated as soil, so that the disposal cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, since a pigment and sodium silicate are a small amount, even if these are contained, it does not become industrial waste.
The produced clay brick can be used as a heat insulating material or the like, and can also be used externally at the site where residual soil is generated.
Since marble powder can be used as the solidifying material, the disposal cost of the marble powder can be reduced.
図１に示すように、建設現場から発生した火山灰質粘性土の建設残土を選別機で異物を除去し粒径５ｍｍ以下に粒度調整する。また、必要に応じて水分調整をおこなう。
骨材の砂と顔料を予めコンクリートミキサー等で混合撹拌して顔料が砂に均一に分散するようにする。この砂を撹拌機に投入し、所定の配合量のカルシウム系固化材（消石灰等）を撹拌機に投入して撹拌する。
次に、粒度調整及び含水率を調整した建設残土を撹拌機に投入し、均一に混合されるまで撹拌し、均一となった混合物を成型して乾燥固化して土レンガにするものである。
As shown in FIG. 1, the construction residual soil of the volcanic ash clay generated from the construction site is removed with a sorter to adjust the particle size to 5 mm or less. In addition, moisture adjustment is performed as necessary.
Aggregate sand and pigment are mixed and stirred in advance with a concrete mixer or the like so that the pigment is uniformly dispersed in the sand. This sand is put into a stirrer, and a predetermined amount of calcium-based solidified material (slaked lime, etc.) is put into the stirrer and stirred.
Next, the construction residual soil with adjusted particle size and moisture content is put into a stirrer and stirred until it is uniformly mixed. The uniform mixture is molded, dried and solidified to form clay bricks.
撹拌混合において、混合物に粒径５ｍｍ以上の塊ができた場合、成型する前に解砕して塊を細かくする。塊が存在すると、成型時に圧力が均一に伝達されず、低強度の個所が生ずるので、塊を解砕して混合物を粒径５ｍｍ以下にしておく。
また、混合物の含水率が高い場合は、乾燥させてから成型する。
成型方法は、圧縮成型または押出成型でおこなう。例えば、含水率が２５〜３５％で、粒径５ｍｍ以下の混合物場合、圧縮成型の場合、加圧力１８〜２２ＭＰａ程度で圧縮成型するのが好ましい。
圧縮成型は、金型を変更することによって用途に応じた形状のレンガ、ブロックを成型することができる。また、穴あきのレンガも製造することができる。
In the stirring and mixing, when a lump having a particle size of 5 mm or more is formed in the mixture, the lump is pulverized to form a lump before molding. If lumps are present, pressure is not uniformly transmitted during molding, and low-strength portions are generated. Therefore, the lumps are crushed so that the mixture has a particle size of 5 mm or less.
Moreover, when the moisture content of a mixture is high, it shape | molds after drying.
The molding method is compression molding or extrusion molding. For example, in the case of a mixture having a moisture content of 25 to 35% and a particle size of 5 mm or less, in the case of compression molding, it is preferable to perform compression molding at a pressure of about 18 to 22 MPa.
In compression molding, bricks and blocks having shapes according to applications can be molded by changing the mold. Perforated bricks can also be produced.
圧縮成型の圧力をゼロから所要の圧力に上げて一定時間維持し、ゼロに戻さず、約６０％程度の圧力まで下げてその圧力を１０秒以上維持してから圧力をゼロに戻すほうが、圧縮強度の高い土レンガ得られるのであり、最大加圧力１９．５ＭＰａで圧縮し、９ＭＰａまで下げてこの圧力を１０秒維持した場合、圧縮強度が３．７ＭＰａから４．５Ｍｐａに上昇した。 It is better to raise the compression molding pressure from zero to the required pressure and maintain it for a certain period of time, not to return to zero, but to reduce the pressure to about 60%, maintain the pressure for 10 seconds or more, and then return the pressure to zero. A high-strength earth brick was obtained, and when compressed at a maximum applied pressure of 19.5 MPa and reduced to 9 MPa and maintained at this pressure for 10 seconds, the compressive strength increased from 3.7 MPa to 4.5 MPa.
混合物を押出成型して土レンガを成型する場合は、脱気できるスクリュー式土練機（真空土練機）を使用するのが好ましい。関東ロームの場合、スクリューに混合物が強力に付着してしまうので、混合物の真空混練機に投入するのに先立って、関東ロームの建設残土のみを通し、混練り機のスクリュー面や内面を残土で被覆すると円滑に混合物の混練りがおこなわれるので好ましい。なお、真空土練機での真空度は０．０１ａｔｍ以下とするのが好ましい。
混合物の水分が不足して混練りがスムースにいかない場合は、適宜、混練りのための水を追加する。
In the case of forming a clay brick by extruding the mixture, it is preferable to use a screw type kneader (vacuum kneader) that can be deaerated. In the case of Kanto Loam, the mixture strongly adheres to the screw, so prior to putting the mixture into the vacuum kneader, only the construction residual soil of Kanto Loam is passed through, and the screw surface and inner surface of the kneader are covered with the residual soil. Covering is preferable because the mixture can be kneaded smoothly. The degree of vacuum in the vacuum kneader is preferably 0.01 atm or less.
When the water content of the mixture is insufficient and kneading does not go smoothly, water for kneading is appropriately added.
関東ロームの建設残土の粒度分布の一例を表２に示す。火山灰質粘性土（関東ローム）を使用して本発明の方法によって加圧力２０ＭＰａで圧縮成型または押出成型して土レンガを製造した。圧縮強度と吸水率はＪＩＳ Ｒに準じて測定した。 Table 2 shows an example of the particle size distribution of construction soil in Kanto Loam. A clay brick was produced by compression molding or extrusion molding at a pressure of 20 MPa according to the method of the present invention using volcanic ash clay (Kanto Loam). The compressive strength and water absorption were measured according to JIS R.
表３にカルシウム系固化材として消石灰を使用した土レンガ、表４にカルシウム系固化材として炭酸カルシウム（大理石切削粉由来）を使用した土レンガの配合と強度、及び吸水率を示す。 Table 3 shows the composition and strength of soil bricks using slaked lime as a calcium-based solidifying material, and Table 4 shows the strength and water absorption of soil bricks using calcium carbonate (derived from marble cutting powder) as a calcium-based solidifying material.
表３及び表４に示されるように、本発明の方法に基づいて製造した土レンガは外構や断熱等に用いるレンガやブロックとして必要な強度を有し、実用に供することができるものである。大理石粉（炭酸カルシウム）を固化材として用いた場合も十分な強度が得られた。
古くから知られているアドベ（日干し煉瓦）の技術である１０〜２０ｍｍ程度のワラなどの短繊維を混入すると強度が向上する。ワラは、価格が低廉な材料であるので使用しても製造コストにそれほど跳ね返ることがなく、土レンガの強度を高めることができる。
また、予め砂と顔料を撹拌混合して砂を顔料で被覆して着色してあるため、土レンガが少量の添加によって綺麗に発色していることが認められた。
As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the earth bricks manufactured based on the method of the present invention have the necessary strength as bricks or blocks used for exterior or heat insulation, and can be put to practical use. . When marble powder (calcium carbonate) was used as a solidifying material, sufficient strength was obtained.
When short fibers such as straw of about 10 to 20 mm, which is a technique of adobe (sun-dried brick) that has been known for a long time, is mixed, the strength is improved. Since straw is a low-priced material, even if it is used, it does not rebound so much in manufacturing cost, and the strength of earthen bricks can be increased.
In addition, since sand and pigment were previously mixed with stirring and the sand was coated with the pigment and colored, it was confirmed that the earthen brick was colored with a small amount of addition.
大理石切削粉は、粒度が一様でなく固化材として使用できる粉体から砂粒状のものまで広範囲な粒度のものであり、砂に分類されるものは固化材として機能せず、砂のように骨材として機能するものであり、砂の一部、または、全てを大理石粉で置換することが可能であり、表４に示されるように、消石灰の場合と変わらない強度の土レンガを得ることができた。固結助剤として珪酸ナトリウムを添加すると土レンガの強度は増大する。 Marble cutting powder has a wide range of particle sizes, from powder that can be used as a solidifying material and having a uniform particle size, to sandy granular materials, and those that are classified as sand do not function as solidifying materials, like sand It functions as an aggregate, and part or all of the sand can be replaced with marble powder. As shown in Table 4, to obtain a clay brick with the same strength as slaked lime. I was able to. When sodium silicate is added as a caking aid, the strength of the earth brick increases.
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| CN114085093A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-25 | 同济大学 | High-performance sintered brick building block prepared by mixing seawater with waste soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN116813273A (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-09-29 | 湖北路城建设科技有限公司 | Slag soil type building rubbish regenerated stone plate and preparation method thereof |
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