JP2012149567A - Electric-generating hydraulic turbine installed in river - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric-generating hydraulic turbine which is installed at a head location in a stream, is a simplified generator for generating electricity by turning the hydraulic turbine by waterpower, efficiently receives waterpower to increase the efficiency of rotation of the hydraulic turbine, and is low-cost in installation and maintenance.SOLUTION: The electric-generating hydraulic turbine is installed nearly along a head surface at a head location of a river, and has a shaft with blades attached on its outer circumference, the upper part of the blades on a half side of the shaft is shielded, and the shaft is tilted.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water turbine for power generation that can be installed even in a small river.

  Recently, hydroelectric power generation (hereinafter referred to as Ogawa power generation for short) installed in small rivers such as rivers, streams, and irrigation water has attracted attention in place of large-scale hydropower generation. The reason is that it does not require large-scale construction and can be installed with slight incidental construction. Of course, the amount of power generation per unit is small, but if you collect this, you can secure a considerable amount of power generation. For example, if a water turbine is installed in a stream with a water depth of 0.2m, a width of 0.6m, and a flow velocity of 0.4m / s and the head is 1m, and the generator is turned, the energy conversion efficiency of 60% is 0.28kw And is 2,450 kwh through the year. This is about 2.5 times the solar power generation of 1 kw (note that the annual power consumption in a general household is said to be less than 5000 kwh).

  Since such Ogawa power generation is also sufficiently useful, many are proposed, including Patent Documents 1 and 2 below. In both cases, a water turbine is rotated using a small drop, and the one in Patent Document 1 is an upper water turbine and the one in Patent Document 2 is a lower water wheel. What is required for these Ogawa power generations is not only good power generation efficiency, but also that the equipment itself is simple and inexpensive, that there is little construction work and low installation costs, and that it matches the situation at the site. It is easy to adjust, and is strong against floods and landscaping. Each of the patent documents is devised accordingly, but requires special on-site construction or the device itself is complicated.

JP 2000-199471 A JP 2004-251262 A

  In the present invention, by satisfying all the conditions required for the Ogawa power generation as much as possible, the power generation efficiency is high and the cost for installation and maintenance can be reduced.

  Under the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a water turbine for power generation having a shaft with blades attached to the outer periphery, which is installed along the head of the river at the head of the river head according to claim 1, and is on the half side of the shaft. In addition to providing a turbine for power generation characterized in that the shaft is inclined and the shaft is inclined, the inclination angle of the shaft according to claim 2 is generally 40 to 55 °. And more broadly provides a means of 15-70 °.

  Further, according to the present invention, in the above-described water turbine for power generation, the means described in claim 3 is provided with a casing for accommodating blades that also serve as a shield along the shaft, and from the vicinity immediately below the casing described in claim 4. Means for opening a part of the blades up to the horizontal downstream side in the rotation direction, and means for tilting the blades on the side receiving the falling water from below are provided.

  In general, as a turbine for power generation, an impulse turbine with a speed head is suitable when the flow rate is high and the flow rate is low, and a reaction turbine with a pressure head is suitable when the flow rate is slow but the flow rate is large. ing. Therefore, when the shaft of the invention of claim 1 is inclined, the water colliding with the blade surface of the blade hits the front surface of the lower blade, and has a good effect of contributing to the improvement of the rotational force. In other words, in addition to the impulse water wheel, it plays the role of a reaction water wheel and increases the rotation efficiency (rotation speed) of the water wheel.

  In this case, when the casing according to the means of claim 3 is provided, water flows down in the casing and more water collides with the surface of the lower blade. On the other hand, if the water flowing down is kept indefinitely, it may adversely affect the lower blades, so that the latter half of the casing may be opened as in the means of claim 4. The water that has been supplied is drained promptly.

  In addition, the present invention has a simple structure consisting of a shaft, blades and, in some cases, a casing, and it is only necessary to manufacture a frame that supports these as ancillary equipment, and the mounting is the current one. You can use the head as it is. Therefore, installation and adjustment are easy, and the overall cost is low. Furthermore, according to the structure of Claims 2-4, the function of this water turbine can be improved for each objective.

It is a front view which shows the example of installation of the water turbine for electric power generation of this invention. It is a side view of the installation example. It is a top view of the said installation example. It is a side view which shows a part of water turbine for electric power generation. It is a front view which shows a water wheel. It is an end view which shows the state which cut | disconnected the casing by the surface orthogonal to an axis | shaft. It is front view explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the water in the casing during rotation of a water turbine. It is the end view which cut | disconnected the casing with a guide by the surface orthogonal to an axis | shaft.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 are a front view, a side view and a plan view, respectively, showing an installation example of a power generation turbine according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a side view showing a part of the power generation turbine, and FIG. The water turbine for power generation according to the present invention is installed at _two heads (a part that becomes a waterfall) a ₂ of the river a ₁ and is rotated by receiving the water b ₁ falling from the head a _2. The shaft 1 and the blade (runner) 2 are provided below the falling water b ₁ . In the following example, explanation will be given on the assumption that a casing 3 for accommodating blades is provided.

In this case, the shaft 1 is a straight rod, and is oriented in the width direction of the drop a ₂ and is inclined. In the present invention, it is an essential requirement that the shaft 1 is inclined at the inclination angle θ ₁ . However, this inclination angle θ ₁ may not be too small or too large (provided by an experiment to be described later) in order to perform both an impulsive waterwheel function and a reaction waterwheel function. This point is different from a single impulse turbine or reaction turbine.

Although the blade | wing 2 is attached to the axis | shaft 1, it is the conditions that multiple sheets are provided. In this example, one blade 2 is divided into four from the viewpoint of production, but may be continuous. In addition, the space | interval which attaches the blade | wing 2 may be suitable. Further, in this example, the blade 2 is a flat plate. However, since it takes longer time to receive the falling water b ₁ when the surface (the surface receiving the falling water b ₁ ) is recessed, it is also performed in a normal water wheel. I think it is effective.

As described later, about half of the upper surface of the casing 3 are opened, under the opening, the blade 2 with respect to the axis 1 which is inclined at an inclination angle theta ₁ is may be horizontal, the angle of inclination theta ₁ Is preferably attached downward with a reverse slope. The angle below the horizontal of the blade 2 is referred to herein as the thrust angle θ ₂ .

  The casing 3 has a cylindrical shape in which the outer periphery of the blade 2 is provided along the axis 1. Due to the presence of the casing 3, the water that has collided with the upper blade 2 and slid down the blade surface flows downward and may have a positive effect on the lower blade 2.

The casing 3 is fixed and is installed on the bottom of the river a _{1 with} an appropriate mount (not shown). Although the casing 3 is a simple cylinder, the spoke 4 projects inward at the upper and lower ends, and the shaft 1 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) at the center. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft 1 and the casing 3, but when the casing 3 is viewed in cross section, a half of its upper surface, that is, a quarter of the circumference is opened to form a water receiving groove 5 ( The reason for the groove is that the groove is formed along the axial center of the casing). Accordingly, the falling water b ₁ falls from the receiving groove 5 only to the casing 3 and is blocked at the other half.

  In this case, the casing 3 is a drainage groove that opens at least partly or entirely from the front and back just below the shaft 1 to the horizontal that is downstream in the rotational direction (a), rather than the one that is entirely closed except the water receiving groove 5. Those having 6 are generally preferred. The position and width of the drainage groove 6 will be described later. However, as described above, the water that has collided with the blade 2 and slid down the blade surface flows down to the casing 3 and may have a positive and negative influence on the blade 2 and the lower blade 2.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual explanatory diagram when the falling water b ₁ flows down in the casing 3. The good influence is that the water colliding with the blade surface of the blade 2 is the surface of the blade 2 or the lower blade 2. In this case, the rotational force is improved (A), and the bad effect is that the rotational force is reduced by hitting the back surface of the blade 2 or the lower blade 2 (B). In order to give any influence, especially a good influence, it is not preferable that there is a large gap between the outer end of the blade 2 and the inner periphery of the casing 3. However, if the gap is too small, earth and sand, vegetation, or garbage may be clogged in the gap. However, this plant and the like can be solved to some extent by installing an appropriate mesh screen (not shown) on the water receiving groove 5.

FIG. 8 is an end view of the casing 3 cut along a plane orthogonal to the shaft 1, and guides 7 for guiding the falling water b ₁ are provided before and after the water receiving groove 5 of the casing 3. The guide 7 is generally formed of a flat plate, and the guide 7 has a funnel shape with a wider interval toward the upper side, and plays a role of guiding a wide range of falling water b ₁ to the water receiving groove 5. In addition, in FIG. 1 and the like, G is a generator that is attached to the higher shaft end of the shaft 1 and driven by the rotation of the shaft 1. Also, a ₃ is the bottom of the drop a ₂ points, a ₄ is a creek downstream of drop locations. In order to secure a certain amount of power generation, it goes without saying that the power of each of these generators is collected.

In the following, the following experiment was carried out using the inclination angle θ ₁ of the shaft 1, the presence or absence of the casing 3, the position and width of the drainage groove 6, and the thrust angle θ ₂ of the blade ₂ as factors. This experiment was performed with an apparatus having the following specifications.

1) Shaft length: 95cm
Inclination angle θ ₁ : 0 to 55 °
2) Number of blades: 4
Thrust angle θ ₂ : 0 to 20 °
Width: 7cm
Outer diameter d: 14 cm (projection length from shaft: 4.5 cm)
Installation length in the axial direction: 45cm to distribute the center of the shaft
3) Casing length: 95cm
Inner diameter D: 16.5 cm
Position and width of drainage groove: Closed type except for the receiving groove, closed type, just open from 45 ° to the horizontal and partially open type, open from right below to horizontal This is called a mold.
4) Falling water Falling water volume: 4L / sec
Falling capacity of falling water: 35 × 3cm
Falling length of falling water (θ ₁ = 45 °): 90 cm at the upper end of the blade and 116 cm at the lower end

  The experiment was performed several times under each of the above conditions, and the average value of the high value and the low value and the average value of the average value were calculated. In the experiment, the shaft was unloaded, and the rotation speed (RPM) was measured by applying a tachometer to the shaft. The results are shown in Table 1.

Looking at this, the following can be said.
First, the inclination of the axis 1 is found to be an indispensable requirement in the present invention. The reason is that a high numerical value is not obtained when the axis 1 is not inclined. The problem is the inclination angle θ ₁ of the shaft 1, but it can be seen from Table 1 that 40 to 55 ° is suitable. However, although the above-mentioned angle is suitable, the form of the falling water b ₁ , that is, the waterfall that jumps out vigorously, or the waterfall that falls only chorochoro, is predicted to fluctuate in the range of 15 to 70 °.

  Next, the presence or absence of the casing 3 is preferable as long as Table 1 is seen. The reason is that the numerical value is generally higher when the casing 3 is present. However, with regard to the position and width of the drainage groove 6, an open type, particularly a partially open type, is most preferable, and some of the closed type and open type have poor numerical values. On the other hand, the casing 3 is not necessarily required. The reason is that there is a thing with a fairly high numerical value even without the casing 3, and there is a thing in the best ten.

Finally, the blade 2 has a thrust angle θ ₂ (downward from the horizontal) and a larger value is generally preferable. Taken together, the best one with the highest number of revolutions is that of Experiment No. 22, which is an improvement of about 137% compared to that of Experiment No. 1 which is a normal overhanging turbine (impulsion water turbine). It was.

Including this, the shaft 1 is inclined at a specific range of inclination angle θ ₁ , and the blade 2 attached thereto has a specific range of thrust angle θ ₂ and is a partially open casing. It can be said that those having 3 are excellent.

Incidentally, well generally result as the inclination angle theta ₁ of the shaft 1 is great, although not an experiment for in excess of 55 ° at the other hand, given a thrust angle theta ₂ to the blade 2 intended 55 °, The numerical value is considerably lowered (Experiment No. 26). Therefore, if this angle is exceeded, it is considered that the thrust angle θ ₂ of the blade 2 should be smaller. In short, it has been found that the inclination of the shaft 1 and the blade 2 and the presence or absence of the casing 3 and the position and width of the drainage groove 6 have a close correlation. It is the purpose of the present invention to select these vests, and the above-mentioned tendency can be grasped from the experimental results.

Furthermore, since the generator G is actually attached to the shaft 1, the resistance of the shaft 1 increases. Therefore, it is expected that more water will be accumulated in the casing 3 and the pressure head component will be further increased (the speed head does not change). In addition, when the falling water b ₁ slides down the blade surface of the blade 2, the inclination of the blade 2 is set higher than the horizontal so that the water faces downward (the thrust angle θ ₂ is negative). It was worse than the results in Table 1. The reason seems to be that the above-mentioned bad influence was strong.

1 shaft 2 blade 3 casing 4 spoke 5 water receiving groove 6 drainage groove 7 guide

Claims (5)

  This is a water turbine for power generation that has a shaft with blades attached to the outer circumference that is installed almost along the head surface at the head of the river, and shields the blade on the half side of the shaft and tilts the shaft. Power generation turbine.   2. The water turbine for power generation according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the shaft is generally 40 to 55 [deg.], And more preferably 15 to 70 [deg.].   The water turbine for power generation according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a casing that serves as a shield and accommodates the blades along the axis.   The water turbine for power generation according to claim 3, wherein a part or all of the region from just below the casing to the horizontal on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the blades is opened. The water turbine for power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the blade on the side receiving the falling water is inclined downward from the horizontal.