JP2012102793A - Friction damper - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction damper capable of effectively avoiding a structure to be a vibration suppression target from damaging.SOLUTION: The friction damper 20, which dampens vibration by a friction force generated based on a pressure contact force when two members (12, 14) and 16 stacked to be relatively movable are moved relatively by vibration, includes: a pair of first plate members 12 and 14 facing each other with an interval in a plate thickness direction; a second plate member 16 provided as another member out of the two members (12, 14) and 16; and pressure contact force application members 30, 18, and 19 for applying pressure contact forces to the pair of first plate members 12 and 14 and the second plate member 16. When the relative moving amounts of the pair of first plate members 12 and 14 and the second plate member 16 in a predetermined direction exceed predetermined values, the pressure contact forces drop. Also, between the another first plate member 14 of the pair of first plate members 12 and 14 and the second plate member 16, rolling elements 40 are provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction damper that attenuates vibrations of a structure such as a building.

In general, a building as an example of a structure is relatively displaced in the horizontal direction in upper and lower layers adjacent to each other, and this contributes to a large shaking of the building. Therefore, a truss structure part is provided as a reinforcing part against relative displacement or the like in a part of the building. Moreover, in order to further reduce the relative displacement, depending on the building, a friction damper may be provided on a part of the truss structure portion, for example, a lower chord member.
Such a friction damper has a sliding plate fixed to one member that moves relative to each other between layers, and a friction plate fixed to the other member. The sliding plate and the friction plate are mutually connected. It is press-contacted with a predetermined press-contact force. When the two members move relative to each other and the sliding plate and the friction plate slide, a substantially constant friction force is generated regardless of the amplitude of the interlayer displacement of the building, and this friction force is used as a damping force. Damping the vibration of the building (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-002118 A

However, such a conventional friction damper has the following problems.
At the time of the maximum interlayer displacement such as during a large earthquake, the structure itself to be damped such as a building is greatly deformed, so that a large internal force is generated in the structure. In such a case, if a larger external force is applied in the direction opposite to the deformation direction, the internal force is further increased by that much, and the structure becomes easily at the fracture limit strength. In this regard, the damping force of the friction damper also acts on the structure as an external force opposite to the deformation direction, and always generates a substantially constant damping force regardless of the magnitude of the interlayer displacement. In other words, according to the above-described conventional friction damper, a large damping force is applied to the structure even under severe internal force at the time of maximum interlayer displacement. In that case, the structure has a large fracture limit strength. In some cases, the structure is damaged.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a friction damper capable of effectively avoiding damage to a structure to be controlled.

In order to achieve this object, the invention shown in claim 1
Applying a pressure contact force to two members that can be moved relative to each other, and using the frictional force generated based on the pressure contact force as a damping force when the two members move relative to each other due to vibration, attenuate the vibration. A friction damper,
A pair of first plate members provided as one of the two members and facing each other at an interval in the plate thickness direction;
A second plate member provided as the other member of the two members, wherein at least a part of the plate-like portion of the second plate member is located at the interval between the pair of first plate members. A second plate member that is superimposed on the pair of first plate members by being interposed so as to be relatively movable in a predetermined direction orthogonal to the plate thickness direction;
In a state where the pair of first plate members and the second plate member are stacked, the pressure contact force is applied to the pair of first plate members and the second plate member by sandwiching them in the plate thickness direction. A pressing force applying member to be applied,
When the amount of relative movement in the predetermined direction between the pair of first plate members and the second plate member exceeds a predetermined value, the pressure contact force decreases,
Between the first plate member of one of the pair of first plate members and the second plate member, the friction force is generated according to the relative movement in the predetermined direction,
The other first plate member and the second plate member roll along the predetermined direction between the other first plate member and the second plate member of the pair of first plate members. The rolling element which interposes is interposed, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, the pressure contact force decreases. Therefore, when the relative movement that can generate a large internal force in the structure to be damped is large, the damping force of the friction damper, which is a frictional force, decreases. Thus, when the internal force state of the portion where the two members of the friction damper are attached in the structure is severe, the damping force acting as an external force can be reduced, and as a result, the two members It is possible to effectively avoid damage to the structure to which the is attached.
Moreover, according to the said structure, between the said 1st board member and the 2nd board member which is the 1st board member which is not the said 1st board member which should generate | occur | produce a frictional force, it is a rolling element. And the generation of the frictional force between the other first plate member and the second plate member during relative movement is effectively suppressed based on the rolling operation of the rolling element. Therefore, the friction damper can generate a friction force exclusively between the one first plate member and the second plate member that should generate a friction force, and as a result, a damping force having a magnitude as planned is damped. It can act on the target structure.

The invention shown in claim 2 is the friction damper according to claim 1,
The pressing force application member is
An elastic member provided to overlap the pair of first plate members or the second plate member in the plate thickness direction;
An overlap height regulating member for regulating the second plate member, the pair of first plate members, and the overlap height of the elastic member in the plate thickness direction to be constant,
The elastic member is compressed and deformed in the plate thickness direction by the overlap height regulating member,
The plate thickness where the second plate member and the pair of first plate members overlap when the relative movement amount between the pair of first plate members and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value. The pressure contact force is reduced when the height dimension in the direction is reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the second plate member, the pair of first plate members, and the elastic member have the overlapping height regulating member that regulates the overlapping height to be constant. Therefore, a stable pressure contact force can be applied between the first plate member and the second plate member. Therefore, the frictional force between the first plate member and the second plate member can be stably generated.
In addition, according to the above configuration, when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, the pair of first plate member and second plate are in a state where the overlap height is regulated to be substantially constant by the overlap height regulating member. The height dimension over which the members overlap is reduced. Then, based on the fact that the height dimension is reduced, the compression deformation of the elastic member is alleviated, and the frictional force is reduced through a decrease in the pressure contact force. Thus, it is configured to occur when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value. Therefore, when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, the damping force, which is the frictional force acting on the structure to be controlled as an external force, can be reliably reduced, and as a result, the structure can be effectively damaged. Can be avoided.

The invention shown in claim 3 is the friction damper according to claim 2,
The other first plate member has a first protrusion protruding to the second plate member side,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the top of the first protrusion,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value, the rolling element is more in the plate thickness direction than the thickness of the first protrusion at the top portion. The first substrate portion having a small thickness is rolled.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the magnitude of the frictional force, which is a damping force that should be generated when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, is more reliably reduced than when the relative movement amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value. Can be made. Details are as follows.
First, when the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member is a predetermined value or less, the rolling element rolls on the top of the first protrusion of the other first plate member. The height dimension formed by overlapping the first plate member and the second plate member is in a large state. Therefore, the elastic member is greatly compressed based on the restriction of the overlap height restricting member. Therefore, the elastic member presses the first plate member and the second plate member with a large pressing force. However, a large frictional force is generated.
On the other hand, when the amount of relative movement between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds a predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the first substrate portion, and the thickness of the first substrate portion is: It is thinner than the thickness of the first protrusion at the top. Therefore, the height dimension by which a pair of 1st board member and a 2nd board member overlap is smaller than the case where the above-mentioned rolling element rolls a top part. Along with this, the compression deformation of the elastic member by the overlapping height regulating member is also reduced accordingly, and the pressure contact force is reduced, so that the first plate member and the second plate member are pressed against each other with a small pressure contact force. As a result, a small frictional force is generated.

The invention shown in claim 4 is the friction damper according to claim 2 or 3,
The second plate member has a second protrusion that protrudes toward the other first plate member,
When the amount of relative movement between the first plate member and the second plate member is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the top of the second protrusion,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value, the rolling element is more in the plate thickness direction than the thickness of the second protrusion at the top portion. The second substrate portion having a small thickness is rolled.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the magnitude of the frictional force, which is a damping force that should be generated when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, is more reliably reduced than when the relative movement amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value. Can be made. Details are as follows.
First, when the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the top of the second protrusion of the second plate member, so that the pair of first The height dimension formed by overlapping the plate member and the second plate member is in a large state. Therefore, the elastic member is greatly compressed based on the restriction of the overlap height restricting member. Therefore, the elastic member presses the first plate member and the second plate member with a large pressing force. However, a large frictional force is generated.
On the other hand, when the amount of relative movement between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds a predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the second substrate portion, and the thickness of the second substrate portion is: It is thinner than the thickness of the second protrusion at the top. Therefore, the height dimension by which a pair of 1st board member and a 2nd board member overlap is smaller than the case where the above-mentioned rolling element rolls a top part. Along with this, the compression deformation of the elastic member by the overlapping height regulating member is also reduced accordingly, and the pressure contact force is reduced, so that the first plate member and the second plate member are pressed against each other with a small pressure contact force. As a result, a small frictional force is generated.

Invention of Claim 5 is the friction damper of Claim 3 or 4, Comprising:
The first substrate portion of the other first plate member is provided with an inclined portion that gradually increases in thickness in the plate thickness direction toward the top of the first protrusion.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the first plate member and the second plate member move relative to each other beyond a predetermined value, whereby the rolling element rolls from the top of the first protrusion to the first. The substrate portion is shifted to a rolling state. In the transition process, the rolling element rolls on the inclined portion. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an impact when the pressure contact force that is the transition process is reduced.

The invention shown in claim 6 is the friction damper according to claim 4,
The second substrate portion of the second plate member is provided with an inclined portion that gradually increases in thickness in the plate thickness direction toward the top portion of the second protrusion.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first plate member and the second plate member move relative to each other beyond a predetermined value, so that the rolling element rolls from the state of rolling the top of the second protrusion. The substrate portion is shifted to a rolling state. In the transition process, the rolling element rolls on the inclined portion. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an impact when the pressure contact force that is the transition process is reduced.

The invention shown in claim 7 is the friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Having a connecting structure for connecting the one first plate member and the other first plate member;
The connection structure is characterized in that the relative movement between the one first plate member and the other first plate member is allowed in the plate thickness direction while being restricted in the predetermined direction.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the relative movement in the predetermined direction between one first plate member and the other first plate member is restricted by the connecting structure. Therefore, when the pair of first plate members move relative to the second plate member in the predetermined direction, both of the pair of first plate members move relative to the second plate member all at once. Will do. Therefore, when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value, the height dimension of the pair of first plate member and second plate member can be reliably reduced, and as a result, the pressure contact force is reliably reduced. be able to.
Moreover, since the connection structure allows relative movement in the plate thickness direction between one first plate member and the other first plate member, the relative movement amount in the predetermined direction exceeds a predetermined value. The change in the height dimension between the pair of first plate member and the second plate member can be caused by the relative movement in the plate thickness direction between the pair of first plate member and the second plate member. As a result, the pressure contact force can be smoothly reduced.

The invention shown in claim 8 is the friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The rolling element is a roller having a non-circular cross section with a turning radius that changes in accordance with a position in the circumferential direction.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the rolling element is a roller having a non-circular cross section whose rotation radius changes according to the position in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the reduction in the height dimension of the pair of first plate member and second plate member when the relative movement amount exceeds a predetermined value can be realized based on the rolling of the rolling element accompanying the relative movement. it can. As a result, the degree of freedom in selecting the plate shape of the first and second plate members can be increased.
That is, the surfaces of the other first plate member and the second plate member facing each other can be made flat, or when the first projection is provided on the other first plate member, or the second plate When the second protrusion is provided on the member, it is also possible to reduce the protrusion amount of the first and second protrusions.

The invention shown in claim 9 is the friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A plurality of the rolling elements are provided side by side in the predetermined direction,
It has a retainer for keeping the relative positional relationship between the rolling elements constant.
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the relative positional relationship of the rolling elements can be maintained substantially constant, the pair of first plate member and second plate member can be obtained through stabilization of the rolling operation of the rolling elements. As a result, the planned friction force can be generated between the first plate member and the second plate member.

The invention shown in claim 10 is the friction damper according to any one of claims 2 to 7,
The overlapping height regulating member is
A bolt provided penetrating all of the elastic member, the pair of first plate members, and the second plate member along the plate thickness direction;
A nut screwed onto the bolt,
The axial force generated in the bolt by sandwiching all of the elastic member, the pair of first plate members, and the second plate member in the plate thickness direction by both the head portion of the bolt and the nut. Acts as the pressure contact force,
The rolling elements are arranged at respective positions sandwiching the bolt from both sides.
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the rolling elements are disposed at respective positions sandwiching the bolt from both sides. Therefore, the rolling element can transmit the pressure contact force based on the axial force of the bolt from the other first plate member to the second plate member with a substantially symmetrical distribution with no deviation with respect to the axial center of the bolt. Therefore, through the stabilization of the pressure contact force, a planned friction force can be generated between the first plate member and the second plate member.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the friction damper which can avoid that a structure receives damage can be provided.

1 is a schematic front view of a state in which a friction damper 20 according to a first embodiment is incorporated in a brace 10 of a column beam frame 3. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper 20 interposed in the split ends 10 a and 10 b of the brace 10, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a BB arrow line view. It is explanatory drawing of the other example of the connection structure which connects a pair of outer plates 12,14. It is a spring characteristic view of the disc spring 31 used for the disc spring laminated body 30. It is a graph of the damping force-displacement (relative movement amount) relationship which is a damping force characteristic of the friction damper 20 of 1st Embodiment. 6A to 6D are explanatory diagrams of the damping force characteristics of the friction damper 20. FIG. 7A to 7D are diagrams for explaining the reason why the friction damper 20 having the damping force characteristic shown in FIG. 5 is effective particularly for a low-strength structure. 8A to 8C are explanatory diagrams of modifications of the first embodiment, respectively. FIG. 9A is a schematic central cross-sectional view of the friction damper 20 including the retainer 50, and FIG. 9B is a BB arrow view in FIG. 9A. It is explanatory drawing of the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic side view of the friction damper 20a of 2nd Embodiment. 12A to 12C are explanatory views of an application example of the friction damper according to the present invention, FIG. 12A is a schematic side view of the brace 10 to which the friction damper 20a is attached, and FIG. 12B is a diagram in FIG. It is a BB arrow line view, and FIG. 12C is a CC arrow line view in FIG. 12A. It is explanatory drawing of the effect produced when the outer plate | board 14 has two or more protrusions 14c.

=== First Embodiment ===
The friction damper 20 of the first embodiment is used by being attached to, for example, a brace 10 related to a column beam frame 3 formed by coupling a steel column and a steel beam. Hereinafter, this will be described as an example.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a state in which the friction damper 20 according to the first embodiment is incorporated in the brace 10 of the column beam frame 3. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper 20 interposed in the split ends 10 a and 10 b of the brace 10, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a BB arrow line view.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the brace 10 is arranged with the diagonal direction of the column beam frame 3 as a bridging direction. Further, the brace 10 is divided at a position substantially in the center of the bridging direction, which is the longitudinal direction thereof, and between the divided end portions 10a and 10b (hereinafter referred to as divided end portions 10a and 10b). The friction damper 20 is interposed in the gap G.

  Specifically, a pair of outer plates 12 and 14 as a pair of first plate members facing each other are provided on one divided end portion 10 a so as to extend to the other side in the bridging direction of the brace 10. An intermediate plate 16 as a plate-like portion of the second plate member is provided at the other divided end portion 10b so as to extend to one side in the bridging direction of the brace 10. And one outer plate 12 of these outer plates 12, 14 is provided integrally with one divided end 10a, and the intermediate plate 16 is provided integrally with the other divided end 10b. Most of the middle plate 16 is interposed in the space between the pair of outer plates 12 and 14.

  Further, in the state in which the plates 12, 14, 16 are substantially overlapped by the intermediate plate 16 being interposed in the space between the pair of outer plates 12, 14, the plates 12, 14, respectively. , 16 are provided with bolts 18 penetrating in the plate thickness direction in the bolt insertion holes 12a, 14a, 16a (FIG. 2A). The front end portion of the bolt 18 protrudes outward in the plate thickness direction from the outer plates 12 and 14, and the front end portion is further provided to the outer side of the outer plate 14. And a nut 19 is screwed onto the tip of the disc spring laminated body 30 so as to compress the disc spring laminated body 30.

  Here, the bolt insertion holes 12a and 14a of the outer plates 12 and 14 are formed as circular holes having substantially the same diameter as the outer diameter of the bolt 18, but in the bolt insertion holes 16a of the intermediate plate 16, As shown to 2B, it is formed in the elongate hole along the bridging direction, and by this, relative movement of the bridging direction of the intermediate plate 16 and the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 is allowed. ing. This spanning direction corresponds to the “predetermined direction”.

The other outer plate 14 is arranged to face the one outer plate 12 in the thickness direction. A connecting structure 13 is provided across both the outer plates 12 and 14 so that the outer plates 12 and 14 can be connected to each other so as to be close to or separated from each other in the plate thickness direction while being relatively unmovable in the bridging direction. ing.
Specifically, as the connection structure 13, the other outer plate 14 is formed with a protruding piece 13 a protruding toward the one outer plate 12, and the one outer plate 12 has the other outer plate. Two guide pieces 13b, 13b projecting to the 14 side are formed. The former protruding piece 13a is inserted between the latter guide pieces 13b and 13b, so that the other outer plate 14 moves relative to the one outer plate 12 in the bridging direction. Although the protrusion 13a moves in the insertion / extraction direction between the guide pieces 13b and 13b, the relative movement in the plate thickness direction of the other outer plate 14 with respect to the one outer plate 12 is restricted. It is allowed. As a result, the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 move relative to the intermediate plate 16 all at once in the bridging direction, and the distance between the one outer plate 12 and the other outer plate 14 depends on the situation at that time. Depending on the change in the height dimension Hb formed by overlapping a pair of outer plates 12 and 14 and an intermediate plate 16 which will be described later.

  However, the connection structure 13 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the thickness in the plate thickness direction is thin at one or more portions (two locations in the illustrated example) of the outer plate 14 in the vicinity of the joint portion 14j that joins the outer plate 14 to the outer plate 12. By forming the thin portions 14m and bending these thin portions 14m as elastic bent portions 14m, the outer plate 14 may be provided with flexibility in the thickness direction. According to such an elastic bent portion 14m, the outer plate 14 can be brought into and out of contact with the outer plate 12 in the thickness direction due to the bending in the elastic deformation of the elastic bent portion 14m. Relative movement in the thickness direction with the outer plate 12 is allowed. However, relative movement in the bridging direction between the outer plate 14 and the outer plate 12 is restricted. The reason for this is that during the relative movement in the spanning direction, the thin portion 14m is subjected to a pulling force or compressive force in the spanning direction, but the elastic bending portion 14m is not greatly deformed or compressed.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, a sliding plate 23 made of stainless steel and a friction plate 22 made of a composite friction material or the like are provided between the intermediate plate 16 having the bolt insertion holes 16a made of long holes and the outer plate 12. It is arranged so as to be slidable. Here, both the sliding plate 23 and the friction plate 22 are formed in a thin plate shape. In the illustrated example, the sliding plate 23 is fixed to the outer plate 12 so as to be immovable by a fixing method such as screwing or bonding, and the friction plate 22 is fixed to the middle plate 16 so as to be immovable by a similar fixing method. At the time of relative movement in the bridging direction, the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 slide to generate a frictional force as a damping force. However, the arrangement relationship between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 may be reversed.

  Further, the sliding plate 23 fixed integrally with the outer plate 12 is provided with a bolt insertion hole 23a having the same diameter as that of the circular bolt insertion hole 12a of the outer plate 12, and the middle plate In the friction plate 22 fixed integrally with the bolt 16, a bolt insertion hole 22 a having the same shape as the elongated bolt insertion hole 16 a of the intermediate plate 16 is formed in a long hole shape. However, the shapes of the holes provided in the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 may be reversed depending on the arrangement relationship between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23.

  For the friction plate 22, an organic friction material, an inorganic friction material, or the like can be used. Organic friction materials include thermosetting resins as binders, fiber materials such as aramid fibers, glass fibers, vinylon fibers, and carbon fibers, friction modifiers such as cashew dust and lead, and fillers such as sulfate sulfate. It is formed of a composite friction material consisting of Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, melamine resin, furan resin, polyimide resin, DFK resin, guanamine resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, silicone resin, diallyl phthalene resin, and unsaturated polyester resin. On the other hand, the sliding plate 23 is formed of a material having corrosion resistance such as stainless steel or titanium described above.

  Protrusions 14c and 16c are provided at portions where the other outer plate 14 and the middle plate 16 face each other. In the illustrated example, each of the protrusions 14c and 16c is provided two by two in the bridging direction. The protrusions 14c and the protrusions 16c are provided so as to protrude in the plate thickness direction from the substrate part 14d of the outer plate 14 and the substrate part 16d of the intermediate plate 16 facing each other, and the top parts 14e of the protrusions 14c and 16c. , 16e form planes parallel to the plane portions 14p, 16p of the substrate portions 14d, 16d, respectively. Further, the interval in the bridging direction between the top portions 14e and 14e of the outer plate 14 and the gap in the bridging direction between the top portions 16e and 16e of the intermediate plate 16 are set to be substantially equal, and further, the top portion 14e and the top portion 16e Is set to be approximately equal in terms of the width in the spanning direction and the amount of protrusion in the thickness direction. Incidentally, the top portion 14e of the protrusion 14c provided on the outer plate 14 corresponds to the “top portion of the first protrusion”, and the substrate portion 14d of the outer plate 14 corresponds to the “first substrate portion”. The top 16e of the provided protrusion 16c corresponds to the “top of the second protrusion”, and the substrate portion 16d of the intermediate plate 16 corresponds to the “second substrate portion”.

  Further, the substrate portion 14d of the outer plate 14 is provided with an inclined portion 14f whose thickness in the plate thickness direction gradually increases toward the top portion 14e of the projection 14c. 16d is also provided with an inclined portion 16f whose thickness in the thickness direction gradually increases toward the top portion 16e of the protrusion 16c. The width in the spanning direction of the flat surface portion 14p excluding the inclined portion 14f in the substrate portion 14d of the outer plate 14 is formed wider than the width in the bridging direction of the top portion 16e of the intermediate plate 16. Similarly, in the substrate portion 16d of the intermediate plate 16, the width in the bridging direction of the flat portion 16p, which is a portion excluding the inclined portion 16f, is formed wider than the width in the bridging direction of the top portion 14e of the outer plate 14. ing.

Further, a plurality of flats are formed as rolling elements 40 between the surface 14 s on the side of the middle plate 16 of both surfaces of the other outer plate 14 and the surface 16 s on the side of the outer plate 14 of both surfaces of the middle plate 16. Rollers 40, 40... Are interposed. That is, the planar portion 14p of the substrate portion 14d related to the outer plate 14 forming the former surface 14s, the inclined portion 14f, and the top portion 14e of the projection 14c, and the substrate portion 16d related to the intermediate plate 16 forming the latter surface 16s. Between the flat surface portion 16p, the inclined portion 16f, and the top portion 16e of the protruding portion 16c, cylindrical body-like flat rollers 40, 40,. When the pair of outer plates 12, 14 and the intermediate plate 16 move relative to each other in the bridging direction, the flat rollers 40, 40... Are sandwiched between the surfaces 14s, 16s and receive the pressing force. By rolling 14s and 16s along the bridging direction, the magnitude of the resultant force in the relative movement direction composed of frictional force and pressure contact force that can be generated between the other outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16 is increased. It is configured to be negligible.
As a result, the magnitude of the resultant force is much smaller than the frictional force that should be generated between the sliding plate 23 and the friction plate 22 provided between the one outer plate 12 and the intermediate plate 16. That is, in the comparison with the frictional force, the resultant force is at a level that can be ignored. As a result, the calculation of the damping force F at the time of device design allows the calculation to be performed in consideration of only the friction force while ignoring the resultant force, thereby facilitating device design. I am trying. By the way, “rolling” as used herein means that the flat roller 40 and each surface 14s, 16s do not relatively slide relative to each other, and the flat roller 40 rotates on the surface 14s, 16s in the bridging direction. This means that the flat roller 40 is in rolling contact with each of the surfaces 14s and 16s. Hereinafter, the flat roller 40 is referred to as a rolling element 40.

  On the other hand, as described above, the sliding plate 23 and the friction plate 22 that generate the frictional force are interposed between the one outer plate 12 and the middle plate 16, and With the top 14e of the projection 14c and the top 16e of the projection 16c of the intermediate plate 16 facing each other, the bolt 18 is passed through the bolt insertion holes 12a, 14a, 16a formed respectively. . A nut 19 is screwed to the outer end of the outer plate 12 at the tip of the penetrating bolt 18, and the aforementioned disc spring laminate 30 and washer 32 are interposed between the nut 19 and the outer plate 14. Furthermore, the disc spring laminated body 30 is compressed and deformed by tightening the nut 19 by screwing.

  That is, based on the tightening of the nut 19, the disc spring laminated body 30, the pair of outer plates 12, 14, and the intermediate plate 16 are all moved in the plate thickness direction by both the head 18 h of the bolt 18 and the nut 19. By pinching, an axial force N is generated in the bolt 18, and this axial force N becomes a reaction force for compressive deformation of the above-described disc spring laminated body 30, and the axial force N is generated between the pair of outer plates 12 and 14. The intermediate plate 16 and the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 are allowed to move relative to each other under the action of the sandwiching force.

  Here, the axial force N of the bolt 18 that is the clamping force of the intermediate plate 16 is a pressure contact force that presses the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23, so that the disc spring laminated body 30 applies the pressure contact force. The bolt 18 and the nut 19 correspond to the “elastic member”, and further, the overlap height Hk of the pair of outer plates 12, 14, the intermediate plate 16 and the disc spring laminated body 30 is regulated to be substantially constant. Corresponds to “overlapping height regulating member”. The overlap height Hk includes the height H30 of the disc spring laminated body 30 compressed by the bolt 18 and the nut 19, and the height dimension Hb formed by overlapping the pair of outer plates 12, 14 and the intermediate plate 16. , Is included. Then, under a state where the overlap height Hk is regulated to be substantially constant, as the height dimension Hb is reduced, the ratio of the height H30 of the disc spring laminate 30 to the overlap height Hk is increased. Accordingly, the compression deformation of the disc spring laminate 30 is relaxed, the axial force N of the bolt 18 is reduced, and the pressure contact force is also reduced.

FIG. 4 is a spring characteristic diagram of the disc spring 31 used in the disc spring laminate 30. The disc spring laminated body 30 is formed by stacking a plurality of disc springs 31, 31. And this disc spring laminated body 30 is interposed in the path | route which transmits axial force N of the above-mentioned volt | bolt 18 to a pair of outer plates 12, 14 and the intermediate plate 16, and the spring characteristic is substantially linear. It is used in the range.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, generally, the spring characteristic of the disc spring 31 is a non-linear spring region S in which the elastic force σ applied to the amount of deformation ε of the disc spring 31 in the axial direction of the bolt 18 does not substantially change. However, in this friction damper 20, the deformation amount ε of the disc spring 31 in a state where a predetermined axial force N is applied to the bolt 18 is not set so as to fall within the nonlinear region S, The deformation amount ε with respect to the load is set to fall within a substantially linear region R in which the deformation amount ε changes substantially linearly. As a result, the elastic force of the disc spring 31 changes substantially in proportion to the change in the height dimension Hb formed by overlapping the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 and the intermediate plate 16 described above. It has become. Incidentally, in the example of FIG. 2A, the disc spring laminated body 30 is formed by laminating a plurality of disc springs 31, 31... In the same direction, but is not limited to this and is laminated in the opposite direction. May be formed. Further, instead of the disc spring 31, a linear spring exhibiting linear spring characteristics such as a coil spring or a leaf spring may be used.

  And according to the friction damper 20 of 1st Embodiment of the above structures, there exists a damping force characteristic as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in the graph of the damping force-displacement (relative movement amount) relationship in FIG. 5, according to the present friction damper 20, when the relative movement amount in the spanning direction in the column beam frame 3 is less than or equal to the predetermined value α, it is large. A large damping force F, which is a frictional force, is generated. However, when the predetermined value α is exceeded, the damping force F, which is a frictional force, starts to decrease, and the damping force F gradually decreases as the relative movement amount further increases. Show.

  Hereinafter, in detail with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D, first, in a state where there is no vibration input to the column beam frame 3, that is, in a state where there is no relative movement, as shown in FIG. 6A, the protrusion 14 c of the outer plate 14 The top portion 14e and the top portion 16e of the protrusion 16c of the intermediate plate 16 face each other with their centers aligned. Further, the rolling element 40 is also sandwiched between the apexes 14e and 16e while being located at the same center. Therefore, the height dimension Hb formed by overlapping the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 and the intermediate plate 16 is large in the plate thickness direction, that is, the overlap regulated by the bolt 18 and the nut 19 to be substantially constant. The ratio of the height dimension Hb to the height Hk is large. Thereby, conversely, the proportion of the disc spring laminate 30 in the same overlap height Hk is small, and the disc spring laminate 30 is in a highly compressed state that is greatly compressed.

  Then, when the relative movement state is caused by the vibration input, as shown in FIG. 6B, a frictional force due to sliding is generated between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 by the pressure contact force based on the axial force N of the bolt 18. Then, this becomes a damping force F and exhibits a vibration damping action.

  Here, the width in the bridging direction of the top portions 14e and 16e of the protrusions 14c and 16c is set to a predetermined value α, for example. Therefore, when the relative movement amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value α, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the top portion 14e of the projection 14c and the top portion 16e of the projection 16c are at least partially opposed to each other. In addition, the rolling elements 40 are also rolling while being sandwiched between parts of the top portion 14e and the top portion 16e facing each other. Therefore, even if the relative movement is performed within the range of the predetermined value α or less, there is no change in the height dimension Hb, and the disc spring laminated body 30 is maintained in the above-described high compression state, and the pressure contact force is large. It remains unchanged. As a result, the frictional force caused by sliding between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 is also maintained at a large substantially constant value Ff1, and as a result, the friction damper 20 has a relative movement amount of a predetermined value α as shown in FIG. In the following range, a damping force F having a large substantially constant value Ff1 is generated.

  On the other hand, when a large vibration is input to the column beam frame 3 and the relative movement amount between the outer plates 12 and 14 and the middle plate 16 exceeds the predetermined value α, first, as shown in FIG. The top portion 14e of the portion 14c and the top portion 16e of the protrusion 16c are in a completely non-opposing state in which some of them do not face each other, and accordingly, the inclined portion 14f of the substrate portion 14d of the outer plate 14 and the substrate of the intermediate plate 16 The inclined portion 16f of the portion 16d starts to face each other in a substantially parallel state, and the rolling element 40 starts rolling while being sandwiched between both the inclined portion 14f and the inclined portion 16f that have started to face each other. . When the relative movement amount is further increased, the rolling elements 40 roll with the inclined portions 14f and 16f, and finally the rolling elements 40 start to face each other as shown in FIG. 6D. These are rolled while being sandwiched between both the planar portion 14p of the substrate portion 14d and the planar portion 16p of the substrate portion 16d.

Here, in both the outer plate 14 and the middle plate 16, the inclined portions 14f and 16f are portions where the thickness in the plate thickness direction is thinner than the top portions 14e and 16e of the protrusions 14c and 16c. Moreover, the thickness is gradually reduced along the relative movement direction which is a bridging direction based on the inclination gradient of the inclined portions 14f and 16f. Therefore, when the rolling element 40 rolls the inclined portions 14f and 16f, the height dimension Hb formed by overlapping the pair of the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16 is inclined as shown in FIG. 6C. Accordingly, the proportion of the disc spring laminated body 30 gradually increases at the overlap height Hk that is regulated to be substantially constant by the bolt 18 and the nut 19. As a result, since the axial force N of the bolt 18 gradually decreases, the pressure contact force also gradually decreases, and the damping force F, which is a frictional force, gradually decreases as indicated by a line segment AB in FIG.
The flat portions 14p and 16p are the thinnest portions in the thickness direction of the substrate portions 14d and 16d. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6D, when the rolling element 40 reaches these flat portions 14p and 16p and rolls them, the height dimension Hb formed by stacking the pair of outer plates 14 and the intermediate plate 16 is overlapped. Therefore, the ratio of the disc spring laminated body 30 to the overlapping height Hk is maximized. As a result, since the axial force N of the bolt is minimum, the pressure contact force is also minimum. As a result, as shown by a point B in FIG.
As described above, according to the friction damper 20, when the relative movement amount is equal to or smaller than the predetermined value α, a substantially constant large frictional force is generated as the damping force F, but the relative movement amount is a predetermined value. When α is exceeded, the damping force characteristic that the frictional force as the damping force F gradually decreases is exhibited.

  The friction damper 20 having such a damping force characteristic is effectively used particularly when the structure to be controlled is a low-strength structure such as an existing building. 7A to 7D are explanatory diagrams thereof. FIG. 7A shows the relationship between the horizontal displacement of a force point portion (a portion to which an external force is applied) to which the damping force F is applied by the conventional friction damper in the column beam frame 3 and the internal force generated at the force point portion. FIG. 7B is a graph of vibration energy absorption history characteristics of a conventional friction damper. FIG. 7C is a graph of the vibration energy absorption history characteristics of the friction damper 20 of the first embodiment, and FIG. 7D is a horizontal direction of the force point portion to which the damping force F is applied by the friction damper 20 of the first embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between this displacement and the internal force which arises in a power point site | part. FIG. 7C is substantially the same graph as FIG. 5 described above.

  As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7A, at the maximum displacement of vibration, the building itself is greatly deformed, so that a large internal force is generated in each part of the building. In this state, when an external force is further applied in the direction opposite to the deformation direction, the internal force further expands by the amount of the external force applied at the force point portion that is a portion to which the external force is applied. In other words, the internal force of the force point portion is obtained by adding the internal force generated by the external force to the internal force due to the deformation of the force point portion itself shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 7A.

  Here, the damping force F of the friction damper also acts as an external force opposite to the deformation direction. In the case of the conventional friction damper, as shown in FIG. 7B, the magnitude of the damping force F as the friction force is substantially constant regardless of the vibration displacement. Therefore, in the conventional friction damper, the actual internal force at the force point portion obtained by adding the internal force generated by the damping force F in FIG. 7B to the internal force indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7A is as shown by the solid line in FIG. 7A. . In other words, in the case of the conventional friction damper, a large internal force due to the large damping force F is additionally generated for the force point portion of the column beam frame 3 even under severe internal force at the maximum displacement of vibration. In this case, the internal force is increased, and the breaking limit strength Z of the power point portion is easily reached.

  In contrast, according to the friction damper 20 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7C, when the horizontal displacement exceeds a specific value α1 corresponding to the predetermined value α by relative movement, the horizontal displacement increases. As the damping force F decreases. Therefore, the actual internal force obtained by adding the internal force generated by the damping force F in FIG. 7C to the internal force indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7D is as shown by the solid line in FIG. 7D. That is, according to the friction damper 20 of the first embodiment, when the horizontal displacement exceeds a specific value α1 corresponding to the predetermined value α, the damping force F decreases as the maximum displacement of vibration is approached. It is possible to effectively suppress the expansion of the internal force of the force point portion accompanying the input of the damping force F, particularly at the maximum displacement in a severe internal force state. Therefore, even when the building is largely displaced due to vibration, it is possible to effectively avoid reaching the breaking limit strength Z of the power point portion. As a result, the friction damper 20 is a low strength structure such as an old existing building. Can exert its effect.

In the first embodiment described above, the protrusions 14c and 16c are provided on both the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, The portion is provided only for one of the outer plate 14 and the middle plate 16 and the other plate 16 (14) may not be provided with the protrusion 16c (14c). That is, the other plate 16 (14) may be a flat plate having a constant thickness in the plate thickness direction in which the surface 16s (14s) facing the one plate 14 (16) is a flat surface.
And also by the said structure, with the relative movement of the bridging direction of a pair of outer plates 12 and 14 and the intermediate | middle board 16, the rolling position of the rolling element 40 is the top part 14e (14c (16c) top 14e ( 16e) to the substrate portion 14d (16d), and at this time, the height dimension Hb at which the pair of outer plates 12, 14 and the intermediate plate 16 overlap changes, so that Based on the same mechanism as that described above, the frictional force when the relative movement amount is large can be reduced. Incidentally, in this case, even when the rolling element 40 rolls on the substrate portion 14d (16d), the protruding portion 14c (16c) does not come into contact with the opposing flat plate surface 16s (14s). Needless to say, the diameter of the rolling element 40 is set to be smaller than the protruding amount of the protruding portion 14c (16c) from the flat surface portion 14p (16p) of the substrate portion 14d (16d).

  Moreover, it replaces with the above-mentioned flat roller 40 as the rolling element 40, and spherical members, such as a perfect sphere, may be used, and also a cross-sectional non-circular-shaped roller may be used. The latter roller having a non-circular cross-sectional shape is a roller whose rotation radius changes according to the position in the circumferential direction. As an example, the cross-sectional shape is elliptical as shown in FIG. 8C. A cylindrical cylinder-like elliptical roller 42 and the like. And in such a roller 42 having a non-circular shape in cross section, the height dimension Hb in which the pair of outer plates 12, 14 and the intermediate plate 16 overlap only by rolling the roller 42. Can be changed. Therefore, in this case, the protrusions 14c and 16c of both the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16 may be omitted, and the plates 14 and 16 may be configured by flat plates whose surfaces are parallel to each other. However, it goes without saying that the roller 42 having a non-circular cross section can be applied to the outer plate 14 and the middle plate 16 having the above-described protrusions 14c, 16c. It can be changed more greatly, and the reduction range of the frictional force can be increased through the expansion of the reduction range of the pressure contact force.

Further, desirably, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B (viewed in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 9A), a retainer 50 may be provided for the plurality of rolling elements 40, 40. Here, basically, the rolling elements 40, 40... Are sandwiched between the surface 14s of the outer plate 14 and the surface 16s of the intermediate plate 16 with a high pressure contact force. When the intermediate plate 16 and the intermediate plate 16 move relative to each other, the rolling element 40 rolls the surfaces 14s and 16s across the surfaces 14s and 16s without causing a relative slip. That is, it is in rolling contact with each surface 14s, 16s. However, there is a possibility that the slippage may occur due to an unexpected situation. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the relative positional relationship of the plurality of rolling elements 40, 40... Constant by the retainer 50, so that a specific rolling element 40 is likely to slip relative to the surfaces 14s, 16s. When this happens, a force is generated from the other rolling elements 40 through the retainer 50 so as to prevent the separation of the rolling elements, and the separation of the rolling elements 40 can be quickly suppressed.
As a specific example of the retainer 50, for example, a plate material having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the rolling element 40 is used as a main body, and the accommodation hole 50a of the rolling element 40 is provided at a position corresponding to each rolling element 40 in the plate material. The thing etc. which formed the through-hole 50a of the substantially similar shape a little larger than the rolling element 40 are mentioned. Incidentally, in the plate material related to the retainer 50, a bolt insertion hole 50b for inserting the bolt 18 in the thickness direction is formed in a long hole shape along the spanning direction. Through the permissible relative movement between the bolt 18 and the retainer 50, the relative movement between the bolt 18 and the rolling element 40 is permitted in the spanning direction.

In the first embodiment described above, the inclined portions 14f and 16f are provided between the flat portions 14p and 16p of the substrate portions 14d and 16d of the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16 and the top portions 14e and 16e of the protrusions 14c and 16c. However, in some cases, the inclined portions 14f and 16f may be omitted. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a single step 16j may be formed between the top portions 14e, 16e of the protrusions 14c, 16c and the flat portions 14p, 16p. May be formed in steps. In the example of FIG. 10, the protrusion 16c is provided only on the intermediate plate 16, and a step 16j is formed on the protrusion 16c.
However, the height of each step 16j in this case needs to be smaller than the radius of the rolling element 40. If this condition is satisfied, the rolling element 40 can get over the step without any problem. However, since an impact is generated when climbing over the step 16j, it is desirable to provide the inclined portions 14f and 16f as in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment described above, the inclined portions 14f and 16f are formed as planes, but may be formed as curved surfaces.

  Further, preferably, as shown in FIG. 2B, the rolling element 40 is placed at each position where the bolt 18 is sandwiched from both sides (specifically, the bolt 18 is placed on both sides in the direction perpendicular to both the bridging direction and the plate thickness direction). It is good to arrange each (at each position sandwiched from). And if it arrange | positions in this way, the rolling element 40 will distribute the press-contact force based on the axial force N of the volt | bolt 18 in the substantially symmetrical distribution without deviation regarding the axial center of the volt | bolt 18, via the other outer plate 14. Transmission to the intermediate plate 16 is possible. Therefore, the planned friction force can be generated between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23 through stabilization of the pressure contact force.

=== Second Embodiment ===
FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of the friction damper 20a of the second embodiment.
There are mainly three differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment.
The first point is that an intermediate plate 16 is interposed between one outer plate 12 and the other outer plate 14. The second intermediate plate 16 is opposed to the intermediate plate 16 and forms a pair. The middle plate 161 is additionally provided integrally, and the other outer plate 14 is interposed between the second middle plate 161 and the middle plate 16.
The second point is that the protrusions 14 c and 16 c are not formed on the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16, and instead, the protrusion 16 c is formed on the second intermediate plate 161.
The third point is that a pair of sliding plates 23k, 23k is interposed between the other outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16 instead of the rolling member 40, and the rolling member 40 is connected to the other outer plate. That is, it is interposed between the plate 14 and the second intermediate plate 161.

  The details will be described below. First, the friction damper 20a includes a second intermediate plate 161 that is paired with the intermediate plate 16, and the second intermediate plate 161 is disposed opposite to the intermediate plate 16 with a gap in the plate thickness direction. The middle plate 16 is integrally connected. While the intermediate plate 16 is interposed in the interval between the one outer plate 12 and the other outer plate 14, the interval between the intermediate plate 16 and the second intermediate plate 161 is conversely the other outer plate. In the state where the plates 14 are interposed and the plates 12, 16, 14, 161 are alternately stacked in the thickness direction in this way, all these plates 12, 16, 14, 161 are skewed in the thickness direction. A pressure contact force in the thickness direction is applied to each of the plates 12, 16, 14, and 161 by a bolt 18 and a nut 19 that penetrate in a shape. In the second embodiment, the intermediate plate 16 corresponds to “a plate-like portion of the second plate member”, and the intermediate plate 16 constitutes a “second plate member” with the second intermediate plate 161. . That is, the second intermediate plate 161 is also a part of the “second plate member” in the same manner as the intermediate plate 16. Therefore, “between the other first plate member and the second plate member” can be taken as being between the second intermediate plate 161 and the other outer plate 14. Moreover, the connection structure which has the elastic bending part illustrated in FIG. 3 is used for the connection structure of the above-mentioned intermediate | middle board 16 and the 2nd intermediate | middle board 161. FIG.

  Incidentally, as described above, the protrusions 14c and 16c are not formed on the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16, and flat plates whose both surfaces are flat are used as the intermediate plate 16 and the outer plate 14. Instead of the protrusions 14c and 16c being formed on the outer plate 14 and the intermediate plate 16, a plurality of protrusions 16c and 16c are formed on both surfaces of the second intermediate plate 161, respectively. The protrusions 16c, 16c on both sides are formed at the same position in the bridging direction between the protrusions 16c, 16c corresponding to each other. Further, a pressure receiving plate 15 for receiving the axial force N of the bolt 18 is provided on the outer side of the second intermediate plate 161 in the plate thickness direction so as to face the protruding portion 16c facing the outer side. Furthermore, a rolling element 40 is interposed between the pressure receiving plate 15 and the second intermediate plate 161, and the similar rolling element 40 is interposed between the second intermediate plate 161 and the other outer plate 14. Is also intervening. As a result, the axial force N of the bolt 18 is transmitted to the plates 161, 14, 16, 12 through the pressure receiving plate 15 and the rolling element 40 as the pressure contact force. Incidentally, the rolling element 40 interposed between the other outer plate 14 and the second intermediate plate 161 described above corresponds to “the rolling element between the other first plate member and the second plate member”. .

  Here, the above-mentioned rolling element 40 is provided for each protrusion 16c. That is, these rolling elements 40, 40... Are arranged at the same pitch as the formation pitch of the protrusions 16c in the bridging direction. Further, a group of rolling elements 40, 40... In which the retainer 50 (not shown in FIG. 11) is interposed between the pressure receiving plate 15 and the second intermediate plate 161 so that this arrangement relationship is maintained. 40G and a group 40G of rolling elements 40, 40... Interposed between the second intermediate plate 161 and the other outer plate 14 are provided. Further, these retainers 50 and 50 are connected and integrated with each other by an appropriate connecting member, whereby a group 40G and 40G of the rolling elements 40 is bridged between the corresponding rolling elements 40 and 40. Are regulated to be the same position.

  Therefore, when the intermediate plate 16 or the second intermediate plate 161 moves relative to the pair of outer plates 12 and 14 and the pressure receiving plate 15 in the bridging direction, these rolling elements 40, 40. While being sandwiched between the outer plate 14 and the second intermediate plate 161 or between the second intermediate plate 161 and the pressure receiving plate 15, these 14, 161 and 15 are rolled together. And here, in the state where each rolling element 40 rolls the protrusion 16c (corresponding to the “second protrusion”) in the second intermediate plate 161, the pair of outer plates 12, 14, the intermediate plate 16 and the first The height dimension Hb1 at which the second intermediate plate 161 and the pressure receiving plate 15 are overlapped is large. From this state, the rolling element 40 is more than the base plate portion 16d of the second intermediate plate 161, that is, the protrusion 16c. In addition, when the portion 16d (corresponding to the “second substrate portion”) having a small thickness in the plate thickness direction is moved to the rolling state, the height dimension Hb1 becomes small. As a result, the ratio of the height H30 of the disc spring laminated body 30 to the overlapping height Hk is increased and the pressure contact force is reduced, so that it is interposed between the one outer plate 12 and the intermediate plate 16 correspondingly. The frictional force generated between the friction plate 22 and the sliding plate 23, that is, the damping force F is also reduced. Therefore, also in the friction damper 20a of the second embodiment, the damping force F can be reduced when the relative movement amount is large.

  Incidentally, in the example of FIG. 11, the pressure receiving plate 15 is not connected to the outer plate 14, but may be connected to the outer plate 14 so as not to move relative to the outer plate 14. In the example of 12A, this is the case.

  12A to 12C are explanatory diagrams of application examples of the friction damper according to the present invention. In this example, the friction damper 20a of the second embodiment described above is applied to the brace 10 of the column beam frame 3. 12A is a schematic side view of the brace 10 to which the friction damper 20a is attached, FIG. 12B is a BB arrow view in FIG. 12A, and FIG. 12C is a CC view in FIG. 12A. It is an arrow view.

  Similar to the example of FIG. 1, the braces 10 of FIGS. 12A to 12C are also arranged with the diagonal direction of the column beam frame 3 as a bridging direction. The brace 10 is an H-shaped steel having a web 10w and a pair of flanges 10f and 10f. Then, the brace 10 is divided at an appropriate position in the spanning direction so as to be separated from each other by a gap G, thereby forming a pair of divided end portions 10a and 10b as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. The brace cut ends 10a and 10b can be moved relative to each other in the spanning direction at the interval G.

  On the other hand, the friction damper 20a is provided at two locations for each flange 10f. That is, as shown in FIGS. 12B and 12C, the flange 10f has a pair of extending portions 10fs, 10fs extending from the web 10w at the center in the width direction to both sides in the width direction. A friction damper 20a is provided for each of the extending portions 10fs. The H-shaped steel in the illustrated example has a pair of flanges 10f and 10f with the web 10w interposed therebetween, so that a total of four friction dampers 20a are provided.

  In the illustrated example, the conventional friction damper 80 described in the “Background Art” is provided for the web 10w because of the installation space. That is, as shown in FIG. 12C, the friction damper 80 includes a pair of outer plates 82 and 84 integrally fixed to the web 10w of one brace cut end 10a, and the other brace cut end 10b. The intermediate plate 86 in which the web 10w is diverted, the friction plates and the sliding plates interposed at the respective positions between the outer plates 82 and 84 and the intermediate plate 86, and the bolts 18 for applying a pressure contact force thereto. And a nut 19, thereby forming a conventional friction damper. However, it is needless to say that the friction damper 20a of the second embodiment may be applied to the web 10w as long as an installation space can be secured.

=== Other Embodiments ===
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, A deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary. Examples include the following embodiments.

In the first embodiment described above, the other outer plate 14 and the middle plate 16 are provided with the two protrusions 14c and 14c and the protrusions 16c and 16c, respectively. The number of protrusions 16c on the plate 16 may be one each, or may be three or more.
Incidentally, if there are a plurality of protrusions 14c (16c) as in the embodiments of FIGS. 2A, 8A, 8B, 10, and 11, the damping force characteristics as shown in FIG. 13 can be obtained. Therefore, when the structure to be controlled has an unexpected relative displacement, the relative displacement can be effectively suppressed.

  More specifically, basically, the sum of the lengths in the bridging direction between the top portion 14e (16e) of the protrusion 14c (16c) and the substrate portion 14d (16d) is relative to the assumed maximum displacement of the structure. It is set larger than the movement amount. Therefore, for example, it is basically impossible for the rolling element 40 that rolls on the protrusion 14c of the outer plate 14 to roll on the adjacent protrusion 14c. However, in the unlikely event that a vibration exceeding the assumed maximum displacement is input, the above may occur. In this case, that is, the rolling element 40 reaches the adjacent protrusion 14c and this is detected. In the case of rolling, the height dimension Hb once reduced by the relative movement is reversed and increased. Along with this, the pressure contact force gradually increases and the damping force F, which is a frictional force, also increases gradually. In other words, the damping force characteristic is the relative movement of the relative movement as indicated by line segment AB and line segment BC in FIG. A damping force F that gradually decreases with increase draws a curve that gradually increases in reverse. Then, this gradually increasing damping force F effectively works in a direction to stop the displacement exceeding the assumed maximum displacement, and as a result, the unexpected relative displacement of the structure can be effectively suppressed.

3 Column beam frame, 10 braces, 10a split ends, 10b split ends,
10f flange, 10fs extension part, 10w web,
12 outer plate (one first plate member), 12a bolt insertion hole,
13 connection structure, 13a protruding piece, 13b guide piece,
14 outer plate (the other first plate member), 14a bolt insertion hole,
14c protrusion (first protrusion), 14e top,
14d substrate portion (first substrate portion), 14f inclined portion, 14p plane portion, 14s surface,
14j joint part, 14m thin part (elastic bending part),
15 pressure plate,
16 middle plate (second plate member, plate-like portion of second plate member), 16a bolt insertion hole,
16c protrusion (second protrusion), 16e top,
16d board | substrate part (2nd board | substrate part), 16f inclination part, 16p plane part,
16s surface, 16j step,
18 bolts (overlapping height regulating member), 18h head,
19 Nut (overlapping height regulating member),
20 friction damper, 20a friction damper,
22 friction plate, 22a bolt insertion hole, 23 sliding plate, 23a bolt insertion hole,
23k sliding plate,
30 disc spring laminated body (elastic member), 31 disc spring, 32 washer 40 flat roller (rolling element), 40G group of flat rollers,
42 Elliptical roller (roller with non-circular cross section, rolling element),
50 retainer, 50a through hole, 50a receiving hole, 50b bolt insertion hole,
80 friction damper, 82 outer plate, 84 outer plate, 86 middle plate,
161 second intermediate plate (second plate member),
G gap

Claims (10)

Applying a pressure contact force to two members that can be moved relative to each other, and using the frictional force generated based on the pressure contact force as a damping force when the two members move relative to each other due to vibration, attenuate the vibration. A friction damper,
A pair of first plate members provided as one of the two members and facing each other at an interval in the plate thickness direction;
A second plate member provided as the other member of the two members, wherein at least a part of the plate-like portion of the second plate member is located at the interval between the pair of first plate members. A second plate member that is superimposed on the pair of first plate members by being interposed so as to be relatively movable in a predetermined direction orthogonal to the plate thickness direction;
In a state where the pair of first plate members and the second plate member are stacked, the pressure contact force is applied to the pair of first plate members and the second plate member by sandwiching them in the plate thickness direction. A pressing force applying member to be applied,
When the amount of relative movement in the predetermined direction between the pair of first plate members and the second plate member exceeds a predetermined value, the pressure contact force decreases,
Between the first plate member of one of the pair of first plate members and the second plate member, the friction force is generated according to the relative movement in the predetermined direction,
The other first plate member and the second plate member roll along the predetermined direction between the other first plate member and the second plate member of the pair of first plate members. A friction damper characterized in that a rolling element is interposed. The friction damper according to claim 1,
The pressing force application member is
An elastic member provided to overlap the pair of first plate members or the second plate member in the plate thickness direction;
An overlap height regulating member for regulating the second plate member, the pair of first plate members, and the overlap height of the elastic member in the plate thickness direction to be constant,
The elastic member is compressed and deformed in the plate thickness direction by the overlap height regulating member,
The plate thickness where the second plate member and the pair of first plate members overlap when the relative movement amount between the pair of first plate members and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value. The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the pressure contact force decreases as the height dimension in the direction decreases. The friction damper according to claim 2,
The other first plate member has a first protrusion protruding to the second plate member side,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the top of the first protrusion,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value, the rolling element is more in the plate thickness direction than the thickness of the first protrusion at the top portion. A friction damper that rolls on a first substrate portion having a small thickness. The friction damper according to claim 2 or 3,
The second plate member has a second protrusion that protrudes toward the other first plate member,
When the amount of relative movement between the first plate member and the second plate member is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the rolling element rolls on the top of the second protrusion,
When the relative movement amount between the first plate member and the second plate member exceeds the predetermined value, the rolling element is more in the plate thickness direction than the thickness of the second protrusion at the top portion. A friction damper that rolls on a second substrate portion having a small thickness. The friction damper according to claim 3 or 4, wherein
The friction damper, wherein the first substrate portion of the other first plate member is provided with an inclined portion that gradually increases in thickness in the plate thickness direction toward the top of the first protrusion. . The friction damper according to claim 4,
The friction damper, wherein the second substrate portion of the second plate member is provided with an inclined portion that gradually increases in thickness in the plate thickness direction toward the top portion of the second protrusion. The friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Having a connecting structure for connecting the one first plate member and the other first plate member;
Friction characterized in that the connecting structure allows relative movement between the one first plate member and the other first plate member in the plate thickness direction while restricting the relative movement in the predetermined direction. Damper. The friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the rolling element is a roller having a non-circular cross section with a rotation radius that changes in accordance with a circumferential position of the rolling element. The friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A plurality of the rolling elements are provided side by side in the predetermined direction,
A friction damper having a retainer for keeping the relative positional relationship between the rolling elements constant. The friction damper according to any one of claims 2 to 7,
The overlapping height regulating member is
A bolt provided penetrating all of the elastic member, the pair of first plate members, and the second plate member along the plate thickness direction;
A nut screwed onto the bolt,
The axial force generated in the bolt by sandwiching all of the elastic member, the pair of first plate members, and the second plate member in the plate thickness direction by both the head portion of the bolt and the nut. Acts as the pressure contact force,
The friction damper is characterized in that the rolling elements are arranged at respective positions sandwiching the bolt from both sides.

Images