JP2012086349A - Cutting tip and method for manufacturing the cutting tip, and cutting tool and method for manufacturing the cutting tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting tip of a simple structure enabling continuous observation of a damaged state in an in-process without hindering machining and a method for manufacturing the cutting tip, and a cutting tool and a method for manufacturing the cutting tool.SOLUTION: The cutting tip 1 includes a detection means detecting the damaged state. The detection means is phosphorescent members 15a-15h emitting light by heating. The damaged state is detected by emitting or not emitting light of the phosphorescent members 15a-15h by heat generation when performing cutting. The luminous members 15a-15h are set on raking faces 11, 12.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tip, a manufacturing method of a cutting tip, a cutting tool, and a manufacturing method of a cutting tool. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cutting tip provided with a detecting means for detecting a damaged state, a manufacturing method of a cutting tip, a cutting tool, and a manufacturing method of a cutting tool.

  In cutting that cuts an object using cutting tools, tool damage such as wear on the rake face and flank of the tool and chipping and the like occurs with the progress of use. Since tool damage significantly degrades the machining accuracy, it is desirable to detect it quickly in-process (during cutting).

  Therefore, as means for detecting the damage state of the cutting tool, for example, those described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are known. In Patent Document 1, wear is detected by monitoring the electrical resistance of a conductive thin film sensor provided on a cutting tool. In Patent Document 2, wear is detected by monitoring the conduction state of the sensor circuit. In Patent Document 3, wear is detected by monitoring a change in cutting temperature using a thermocouple sensor. However, in any of the methods, measurement wiring or the like is necessary, and the periphery of the blade including the cutting tool is complicated.

JP 2000-94273 A JP 2003-191105 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-10408

  In view of such a conventional situation, the present invention provides a cutting tip, a cutting tip manufacturing method, and a cutting tool capable of observing a damaged state continuously in-process without obstructing machining with a simple configuration. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method of a cutting tool.

  In order to achieve the above object, a cutting tip according to the present invention is characterized in that in a configuration including a detecting means for detecting a damaged state, the detecting means is a phosphorescent member that emits light by heat, and the phosphorescent member is a cutting member. The damage state is detected by emitting light or not emitting light due to heat generation.

  According to the said structure, since a damage can be detected only by the presence or absence of light emission of the phosphorescent member, the detection means is simplified.

  In such a case, the phosphorescent member may be provided on the rake face. By being provided on the rake face where the temperature rise due to the cutting heat is most remarkable, it becomes possible to detect damage efficiently.

  The phosphorescent member may be formed in a planar shape or a dot shape. Damage can be detected with a simpler configuration.

  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the characteristics of the manufacturing method of the chip | tip for cutting which concerns on this invention are the manufacturing methods of the chip | tip for cutting in any one of the said, The said phosphorescent member apply | coats and sinters a phosphorescence mixture. That is to be formed.

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the cutting tool according to the present invention is characterized in that in the configuration provided with the detecting means for detecting the damage state, the detecting means is a phosphorescent member that emits light by heat, and the phosphorescent member is a cutting member. The damage state is detected by emitting light or not emitting light due to heat generation. In such a case, the phosphorescent member may be formed on a part of the cutting tool.

  In order to achieve the above object, the cutting tool manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the cutting tool manufacturing method according to any one of the above, the phosphorescent member is formed by applying and baking a phosphorescent mixture. There is to be.

  According to the features of the cutting tip according to the present invention, a cutting tip capable of continuously observing a damaged state in-process without obstructing machining with a simple configuration and a method for manufacturing the cutting tip In addition, it has become possible to provide a cutting tool and a method for manufacturing the cutting tool.

  Other objects, configurations, and effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a cutting tip according to the present invention. (A) is the perspective view seen from front upper direction, (b) is the perspective view seen from back lower direction. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the cutting tip according to the present invention is attached to a machine tool (bite). FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1A of the cutting tip according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state during cutting of the cutting tip according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between wear and temperature. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and light emission. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between wear and light emission. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the cutting tip according to the present invention. (A) is a top view, (b) is a front view, (c) is a BB sectional view in (a).

Next, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
In the present invention, tool damage refers to tool wear or chipping (chipping or other chipping). In the following, detection of tool wear will be described as an example. In particular, since wear-type damage affects the tool life more than sudden defect-type damage, it is important to detect the wear from the standpoint of production cost and the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting tip 1 according to the present invention has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and has a through hole 10 in the center. The main surface corresponding to the plane and the bottom has a substantially rhombus shape, and rake surfaces 11 and 12 are formed. Further, the side surfaces constitute flank surfaces 13a to 13d. The cutting blades 14 are formed at a plurality of locations by intersecting twill portions of the rake surfaces 11 and 12 and the flank surface 13 (portions where two flank surfaces and one rake surface intersect). The chip 1 in this embodiment is provided with a total of eight cutting edges 14a to 14h. Further, the chip 1 is provided with a plurality of phosphorescent members 15. The surface of the rake surfaces 11 and 12 of the chip 1 is subjected to surface processing having a function of discharging chips and the like, and convex portions 16 and 17 are formed.

  The tip 1 in this embodiment is a replaceable throw-away tip used mainly during turning. At the time of use, as shown in FIG. 2, the holding fitting 102 is fitted into the through hole 10 of the chip 1, so that the throw-away tool 101 is attached. The cutting tool 101 is attached to a machine tool (lathe) (not shown) and used for turning.

  At the time of turning, for example, the cutting edge 14a is used first. This cutting edge 14 a is a tolerance portion between the flank surfaces 13 a and 13 b and the rake surface 11. When this cutting edge 14a is worn or missing, it is possible to use, for example, the cutting edge 14c which is a tolerance portion between the flank faces 13c, 13d and the rake face 11 by rotating the tip 1 180 degrees. It is also possible to use the cutting edges 14b and 14d adjacent to each other by rotating the tip 1 by 90 degrees. Furthermore, it is also possible to turn over the tip 1 and use the cutting edges 14e to 14h, which are tolerance portions between the flank faces 13a to 13d and the rake face 12.

  The phosphorescent member 15 is formed by applying a phosphorescent mixture to the chip 1, firing at 400 degrees for 5 hours, further firing to 800 degrees for 3 hours, and baking.

  As the phosphorescent mixture, for example, a paste obtained by mixing phosphorescent pigment, glass material and medium is used. In this embodiment, it mix | blends so that a luminous pigment may be 30 weight% with respect to the total amount of a luminous pigment and glass material, for example. And liquid medium is mixed with 60 weight% with respect to the total amount of the prepared solid component. That is, a paste phosphorescent mixture is prepared by blending phosphorescent pigment: glass material: medium = 3: 7: 6.

  As the phosphorescent pigment, for example, a pigment obtained by adding and firing a rare earth element activator or a coactivator containing an alkaline earth metal aluminate compound as a main component is used. Examples of the alkaline earth metal include at least one metal element such as calcium, strontium, and barium, and alloys of these metal elements and magnesium. Examples of the rare earth element activator include europium and dysprosium. Examples of the co-activator include elements such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, cadmium, terbium, and dyspronium. In addition to the oxide phosphors described above, phosphorescent pigments include CaS: Bi (purple blue light emission), CaSrS: Bi (blue light emission), ZnS: Cu (green light emission), ZnCdS: Cu (yellow to orange light emission). It is also possible to use sulfide phosphors such as In addition, you may use the above-mentioned compound by mixing suitably, Furthermore, what has a luminous property in another inorganic fluorescent pigment or an organic fluorescent pigment can also be used.

  The glass material contains, for example, at least one alkaline earth metal oxide selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and magnesium oxide based on silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, boron oxide, and alkali oxide. Glass frit is used.

  As the medium, for example, one-component or two-component types such as acrylic, alkyd, epoxy, urethane, acrylic silicon, fluorine, and melamine can be used. The medium is not limited to the above material as long as it serves as a connection between the powdered luminous pigment and the glass material. For example, squeegee oil or various binders can be used. In addition, at the time of preparation, additives such as a dye other than the phosphorescent pigment, glass material and medium may be appropriately mixed within a range that does not affect the light emission performance.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the phosphorescent members 15 a to 15 h are formed so as to avoid the tip edges 18 and 19, the cutting edges 14 a to 14 h and the convex portions 16 and 17. This is to maintain the rake angle and clearance angle that are important in cutting, and to prevent changes in cutting performance, chip discharge function, and the like. In the present embodiment, for example, it is formed in a substantially circular shape on the rake surfaces 11 and 12 at a location about 5 mm away from the cutting edge 14. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the phosphorescent members 15 a to 15 h are formed in a planar shape with a thickness of, for example, about 1 mm so as not to exceed the thickness of the convex portions 16 and 17. This is also for preventing the tip 1 from floating from the seating surface 103 of the cutting tool 101 due to the protrusion of the phosphorescent mixture when it is mounted on the cutting tool 101.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the phosphorescent member 15 is formed in a planar shape. Since the surface area of the phosphorescent member 15 is increased, it is easy to visually recognize emitted light. However, the shape is not limited to a planar shape, and may be formed in a dot shape. For example, the phosphorescent member 15 may be formed in a substantially circular shape having a diameter of about 1 mm. In this case, the risk that the cutting function or the like of the chip changes will be reduced, but the ease of visual recognition of the light emission may also be reduced.

  Here, the correlation between wear and temperature in the cutting tool will be described. Normally, as shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge 14 comes into contact with a workpiece (work) 200 with a large impact during cutting, and the surface of the work 200 flows as chips 201. More than half of the thermal energy generated at this time is removed together with the chips 201, but the rake face 11 of the chip 1 still rises to nearly 800 degrees. When the thermal conductivity of the tool is low or depending on the cutting conditions, it may be 800 degrees or more.

  For example, when a cutting operation is performed for 120 seconds, as shown in FIG. 5, the cutting temperature rises to about 500 ° C. at a constant rate in 30 to 40 seconds from the start of cutting. This rate of increase is almost the same regardless of the progress of wear. From there, the rate of increase gradually changes, and the cutting temperature further rises and reaches the maximum temperature until 120 seconds after the end of cutting. As the wear of the tool progresses, the rate of increase of the cutting temperature from 30 to 40 seconds after the start of cutting increases, and the maximum temperature increases accordingly. And it returns to normal temperature 2-3 minutes after completion | finish of cutting.

  The reason why the temperature of the cutting point rises as the tool wears is that the chip 201 after processing shifts from the flow type to the peeling type. Along with the shape change of the chip 201, the cutting resistance increases, so the temperature rises. The unsteady increase in cutting temperature caused by the progress of tool wear results in a decrease in the quality of the machined surface.

Next, the correlation between the temperature and the light emission luminance in the phosphorescent member 15 will be described.
The temperature of the phosphorescent member 15 is measured by measuring the temperature rise of the phosphorescent member 15 by using a measuring instrument capable of mounting a temperature sensor on the chip 1 having the phosphorescent member 15 and heating the chip 1 itself with a burner or the like. did. For measuring the luminance of light emitted from the phosphorescent member 15, a luminance meter described in JIS standard Z9107 (6.3.3.2.4.2) was used, and the increase in luminance was measured at a point about 1 m away from the chip 1. In addition, the chip 1 is placed in a box that is completely shielded from light for at least 48 hours to perform pre-treatment, and the ordinary light source fluorescent lamp is applied for 20 minutes at an average of 200 lx, so that the phosphorescent member 15 that has changed to an excited state is applied. The chip 1 having was used.

  An excited state is a state of electrons caused when a substance receives energy such as light and heat. In order to return to the ground state, which is the lowest energy state that an electron can take, emits light of a wavelength corresponding to the received energy, that is, emits light.

  When thermal energy is further applied to the phosphorescent member 15 that has been changed to the excited state by light from illumination, the excited state of the phosphorescent member 15 is further increased, and the phenomenon of returning to the ground state is promoted. That is, the light is emitted more intensely, and the brightness is higher than that of the emitted light when excited only by the light from the illumination.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, this light emission luminance has a correlation with thermal energy, that is, temperature, and the light emission luminance increases when the temperature is high. In the experiment, values of brightness 80 mcd at a temperature of 100 ° C., brightness 150 mcd at a temperature of 200 ° C., brightness 220 mcd at a temperature of 300 ° C., and brightness 300 mcd at a temperature of 400 ° C. were shown. Therefore, even when the temperature rises to 500 ° C. or higher, it is estimated that the luminance shows a further substantially proportional relationship as shown in FIG. In actual cutting, the phosphorescent member 15 is further excited by receiving thermal energy of the cutting heat generated during the cutting and returns to the ground state to emit light more strongly.

  FIG. 7 shows the correlation between wear and light emission (luminance) as described above. As shown in the figure, the light-storing member 15 emits light with higher brightness as the chip is more worn. With these correlations, the phosphorescent member 15 can be used as a wear detecting means for the chip 1.

  As described above, in the experiment, the phosphorescent member 15 led to an excited state by illumination is used. However, in a factory or the like that is an actual processing place, the phosphorescent member 15 is illuminated when changing tools and materials. Naturally, it becomes an excited state. Therefore, even when the chip 1 is used with the illumination turned off during processing, the same effect as described above is produced.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, it is also possible to use the phosphorescent member as a tip wear detecting means due to a different correlation from the first embodiment at the time of further high temperature cutting.

  That is, in the case of a tool whose cutting temperature during tool wear is, for example, 1000 ° C. or higher, the temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the phosphorescent mixture constituting the phosphorescent member, and the phosphorescent mixture itself is burned out. In that case, since light emission of the phosphorescent member is lost, wear is detected by not emitting light.

  The detection method in the second embodiment is also useful when detecting a defect, particularly when a tool defect occurs, since the phosphorescent member at that location also loses at the same time.

  Next, a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the phosphorescent members 15a 'to 15h' are formed in a substantially circular shape on the convex portions 16 'and 17' in the vicinity of the cutting blades 14a 'to 14h'. Since the phosphorescent member 15 ′ in this embodiment is formed in the vicinity of the cutting edge 14 ′, it reacts more sensitively to changes in the cutting temperature. However, since the location where the phosphorescent member 15 ′ is formed is near the cutting edge 14 ′, the cutting function or the like may be affected, and the first embodiment is superior in that it does not affect the cutting performance or the like.

  Finally, the possibilities of further embodiments of the present invention are listed. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member similar to the said embodiment.

  In the said embodiment, although the phosphorescence member 15 was provided in four places on each rake face 11 and 12, it is not restricted to this. For example, the phosphorescent member 15 may be provided only on one of the rake face 11 or the rake face 12 of the chip 1. Moreover, you may limit the formation location of the luminous member 15 to the arbitrary locations in the illustrated location. In addition, you may form in locations other than the location shown in figure. However, in that case, it is necessary to avoid the chip edges 18 and 19, the cutting edges 14 a to 14 h and the projections 16 and 17, maintain the rake angle and clearance angle, and prevent the cutting performance and the like from changing. pay attention to.

  Further, the phosphorescent member 15 may be provided at a place other than the rake faces 11 and 12 such as the flank face 13. However, in this case, since it is not a place where the maximum temperature of the chip 1 is reached, there is a possibility that the effect of detecting wear due to light emission is less than that provided with the phosphorescent member 15 on the rake surfaces 11 and 12 of the chip 1.

  The phosphorescent member 15 is provided on a throw-away tip used for turning, but it is not limited to the tip and may be a cutting tool such as a cutting tool as long as it generates heat energy that causes the above-described excitation phenomenon in the phosphorescent member. Also good. Similarly, it is not limited to a cutting tool such as a chip or a cutting tool. For example, even a processing tool such as a grinding tool or a press working tool emits heat energy, and thus has the same effect of damage detection. it is conceivable that.

  In the above embodiment, the detection of wear has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to wear detection, and it is also possible to detect damage of a defect within the scope of the present invention.

  In addition to detecting damage due to light emission, considering that the temperature is high at the time of light emission, it may be used as a means for temperature detection. In particular, there is a possibility of use in the case where the human body is in direct contact, such as burn prevention.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in cutting processing such as turning and other machining as a cutting tip with a damage detection means, a cutting tool, and a manufacturing method thereof.

1: chip, 10: through hole, 11, 12: rake face, 13a to d: flank face, 14a to h: cutting edge, 15a to h: phosphorescent member, 16, 17: convex part, 18, 19: chip side Edge, 101: Bite, 102: Presser fitting, 103: Seating surface, 200: Work piece (work), 201: Chip

Claims (7)

A cutting tip provided with a detecting means for detecting a damaged state,
The detection means is a phosphorescent member that emits light by heat,
A cutting tip for detecting the damaged state by emitting or not emitting light due to heat generated during cutting.   The cutting tip according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorescent member is provided on a rake face.   The cutting tip according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphorescent member is formed in a planar shape or a dot shape. It is a manufacturing method of the chip for cutting in any one of Claims 1-3,
The said phosphorescent member is a manufacturing method of the chip | tip for cutting formed by apply | coating and baking a phosphorescent mixture. A cutting tool provided with a detecting means for detecting a damaged state,
The detection means is a phosphorescent member that emits light by heat,
The cutting tool which detects the said damage state because this luminous member is light-emitted by the heat_generation | fever at the time of cutting, or does not light-emit.   The cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the phosphorescent member is formed on a part of a cutting tool. It is a manufacturing method of the cutting tool according to claim 5 or 6,
The said luminous member is a manufacturing method of the cutting tool formed by apply | coating and baking a luminous mixture.

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