JP2012085549A - Water-absorbing/draining mat, and vegetable planting mechanism and drainage mechanism using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-absorbing/draining mat with a novel structure which can be laid on a ground surface without requiring large-scale construction, and can speedily, forcedly and optionally drain stored water to outside of a system by simply connecting the mat to a pipe connected to outside; and a drainage mechanism in a waste dump using the same.SOLUTION: A water-shielding layer is disposed on the ground in which wastes are collected, and the water-absorbing/draining mat 1 is laid on the water-shielding layer to collect wastes on the water-absorbing/draining mat 1. When it rains, water absorbed in the water-absorbing/draining mat 1 is sucked from a filtration pipe 2 of the water-absorbing/draining mat 1 to be drained to outside of the water-shielding sheet. Further, a water-permeable water-retaining layer is disposed on the water-absorbing/draining mat 1, and a plant culture layer is disposed on the water-retaining layer. Moisture in the culture layer is sucked through the filtration pipe of the water-absorbing/draining mat 1 to be discharged to outside, or moisture is fed to the culture layer from the filtration pipe 2 and/or the water-retaining layer, so that the moisture content in the culture layer is adjusted.

Description

  The present invention relates to an absorbent / drainage mat, a plant planting mechanism using the same, and a drainage mechanism.

  In the waste disposal site, a water shielding sheet is laid directly on the ground, and waste is dumped and piled on the water shielding sheet for storage. Therefore, exudate and rainwater that exudes from the waste are collected on the water shielding sheet, and when the amount of rain increases, the exudation water and rainwater overflows outside the water shielding sheet, and this penetrates into the basement and contaminates the groundwater. Or flow into the river and flow into the river or nearby areas, causing environmental pollution in the neighboring areas.

  In order to solve this problem, as described in Patent Document 1, a water barrier film is formed on the surface of the ground so that the ground is surrounded by a solid wall and contaminated water does not penetrate underground. However, there is a problem that enormous construction costs are required to construct such equipment.

  In addition, a drain outlet and a drain mat are usually used on the bottom surface in order to quickly drain the water accumulated in the culture soil even in the plant planting base. For example, in Patent Document 2, a layer having water absorption and water retention is disposed under the culture layer, and a water retention mat excellent in water permeability having a porosity of 90% or more is disposed under the water absorption and water retention layer. Is described.

However, the function of the conventional drainage mat has the following drawbacks.
The first problem is that not all the moisture passes through even if the material has excellent water permeability, and water remains in the gap. In other words, the conventional drainage mat only discharges water spontaneously and does not have the ability to forcibly discharge it. Therefore, in the case of heavy rain, the drainage cannot catch up, and a large amount of rainwater accumulates and the planting base may be submerged. On the other hand, when there is a shortage of water, there is no ability to replenish water, so it is impossible to arbitrarily adjust the amount of water in the culture soil.
The second problem is that the water overflowing from the drainage mat will be discharged around the planting base, and of course there is a facility for pumping this water out of the planting base. It is necessary separately.

  On the other hand, in order to reduce the watering work from the planting base to the plant, or to constantly hydrate the plant in a drought area, it is Patent Document 3 to lay a water retaining mat containing a water-absorbing polymer on the bottom side of the culture soil. Already known.

  Further, it is disclosed in Patent Document 4 and already known that an irrigation pipe is provided in contact with the bottom surface of these water retention layers and water is supplied from the irrigation (water supply) pipe to the water retention layer.

  Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-115129) describes that a hollow membrane body is laid in soil and oxygen is supplied by supplying air into the soil.

  Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-94126) describes that a water retaining mat is provided with a through hole so as not to hinder plant root growth.

  The conventional technique (Patent Document 3) using a water retaining mat is used only for labor saving of watering work or water replenishment in an area where there is little rain. The current situation is that it is completely powerless when measures are taken when the mat overflows.

  Patent Document 4 describes the use of irrigation pipes and hollow membrane bodies as means for supplying water to the water retaining layer, and Patent Document 5 as the means for supplying air to the soil. There is no help for the countermeasures.

JP-A-7-1000045 JP 2002-305959 A JP2007-82409 JP2002-238379 JP 2010-115129 A JP 2010-94126 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the first object thereof is that no large-scale equipment construction is required, and the water collected is simply laid on the ground surface and simply connected to the pipe connected to the outside. It is to provide a water-absorbing mat with a novel structure that can be discharged out of the system quickly and forcibly, without causing stagnation, and a drainage mechanism for a waste collection site using the mat. .

  In addition, the second object is to use the water-absorbing and drainage mat that can freely adjust the amount of water as well as forcibly discharging the water of culture soil based on plant vegetation as necessary. It is to provide a novel plant planting mechanism.

  The first object of the present invention can be solved by the following means.

  That is, the water suction / drainage mat for achieving the first object of the present invention has a structure in which a filter tube is built in the water-absorbing water body, and moisture absorbed in the water-absorbing water body is built in the water-absorbing water body. The amount of water in the layer in contact with the water absorption / drainage mat can be arbitrarily adjusted to an appropriate amount by freely sucking with a filter tube and discharging it to the outside.

The water-absorbing body of the present invention is one in which various fibers such as inorganic, organic, or natural plant fibers are entangled and accumulated in a mat shape, or a porous inorganic fired body having continuous pores, or a sponge having porous pores. Are generally referred to.
These have porous pores that communicate in the vertical and horizontal directions, in both directions, or at least in the thickness direction of the mat, and have the characteristics of absorbing water as well as air permeability and water permeability.

Examples of the fiber such as inorganic, organic, or natural plant fiber include the following fibers.
Inorganic fibers are glass fibers, ceramic fibers, rock wool, and the like. Organic fibers are all plastic fibers, and natural plant fibers are cellulose fibers, cotton fibers, coconut shell fibers, and the like. As these fibers, fibers having a fiber diameter of about several μm to several hundred μm can be appropriately used.

The gap formed by the entanglement of the fibers and the size of the gap can be displayed using an index called basis weight. That is, the basis weight means the weight of the fiber aggregate having a unit thickness (1 mm) per 1 m ² , and is a parameter representing the void and the size of the void.

The basis weight of the water absorbent / drainage mat of the present invention is preferably in the range of 100 to 3000 g / m ² . If it is less than the lower limit, sufficient water permeability cannot be obtained. If the upper limit is exceeded, the strength is insufficient.

  A porous inorganic fired body with open pores is a porous glass foam with open holes, or when charcoal or an organic raw material is added to a ceramic raw material and fired, the charcoal or the organic raw material is burned out and a through hole is formed in the fired body. Such a fired body having an infinite number of communication holes is generically named. A pore having a pore size of about several μm to 500 μm and a porosity of about 30 to 90% can be preferably used.

  The filter tube built in the water-absorbing body of the present invention can be suitably used as a pipe of any material and structure as long as it is a porous pipe having a pore diameter of about several μm to several hundred μm capable of absorbing and supplying water. For example, resin, metal, inorganic, natural fiber woven fabric, non-woven structure pipe, porous sintered body of resin, metal, inorganic powder, resin, thin tube of metal, or hollow fiber Any structure such as a microporous polymer filter called a membrane filter may be used. The filtration area of the filtration tube that can be accommodated in the unit volume becomes larger as the pipe diameter is reduced and the number is increased.

  A hollow fiber membrane filter is typical as the filter tube having the smallest pipe diameter. There is no special restriction | limiting in the hollow fiber membrane filter applicable to this invention, All the hollow fiber membrane filters can be selected suitably and can be used. For example, Kuraray's 2.0 micron pore-size microflow can be used with a low pressure and a pipe diameter of about 1.25φ.

  The structure in which the filtration tube is built in the suction water body may be a structure in which the filtration tube is sandwiched and fixed between two upper and lower water flow bodies. At this time, one side may be a water-permeable body and the other side may be a non-water-permeable body. Alternatively, a structure in which a filter tube is embedded in a porous bulk body, or a structure in which a hollow portion that becomes a water passage hole is formed at the same time when the porous bulk body is manufactured, and the cavity portion itself is used as a filter tube may be used. The built-in structure may be any structure as long as it can supply and absorb water from at least the filtration tube to the suction water body.

  In order to discharge the excess water accumulated in the water absorption / drainage mat of the present invention, the joint portion protruding outside the filter pipe built in the water absorption / drainage mat is connected to an external connection pipe, and this connection pipe is connected to the outside. This is done by connecting to a pump. Since a simple one-touch type connecting device can be used for the connection between the water suction / drainage mat of the present invention and the connecting pipe, a large number of mats can be connected to a single pump so as to be increased or decreased as appropriate. If necessary, water can be freely replenished from the pump to the mat.

  The water-absorbing and draining mat of the present invention can be suitably used as a drainage means particularly in a place where water overflows excessively. One example is groundwater contamination at a waste disposal site. In a waste disposal site, a water-proof sheet is laid on the ground and the waste is piled up and stored, but during heavy rain, rainwater collects and water comes from the isolation area where the water-blocking sheet is laid. This is an example that overflows and soaks into the basement of the ground where there is no impermeable sheet, causing groundwater contamination or environmental pollution in the surrounding area.

  The water-absorbing mat of the present invention is laid on a water-impervious sheet laid on the ground of a waste disposal site, and the joint portion protruding outside the filter pipe of the water-absorbing and draining mat is connected to the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe By connecting the pump to the pump and draining the water collected by pumping in the rain to a safe place outside the isolation area, it is possible to prevent groundwater pollution and environmental pollution.

  Another example is an application example to a doormat laid in a place where a large number of people come and go. At the time of raining, the mat is often replaced because the entrance mat is soaked in water, but the suction / drainage mat of the present invention is laid on the entrance, sucked with a pump and discharged outside This eliminates the need to replace the doormat.

  The plant planting mechanism for achieving the second object of the present invention can be solved by the following means.

  That is, a water retention layer having water permeability is disposed on the water absorption / drainage mat of the present invention, a plant culture layer is disposed on the water retention layer, and the moisture of the culture layer is sucked by the filter tube of the water absorption / drainage mat. By discharging outside, excess water in the culture layer can be discharged outside. Alternatively, the moisture content of the culture layer can be freely controlled by supplying moisture to the culture layer by using the water retained in the water retention layer together with the water supply from the filter tube of the suction / drainage mat or the water supply from the filter tube. Can be adjusted.

  The plant planting mechanism may have the following structure. That is, a plant culture layer is disposed on the water absorption / drainage mat, and a water retention layer having water permeability is disposed below the water absorption / drainage mat. Excess water in the culture layer can be discharged to the outside by discharging. Alternatively, the moisture content of the culture layer can be freely controlled by supplying moisture to the culture layer by using the water retained in the water retention layer together with the water supply from the filter tube of the suction / drainage mat or the water supply from the filter tube. Can be adjusted. When the moisture in the culture layer increases rapidly as in heavy rain, a structure in which a water absorption / drainage mat is disposed under the culture layer is more suitable.

  In the present invention, the filter tube can be used to supply nutrient solution components and air to the culture layer in addition to water absorption and water supply. It can also be used to prevent overheating of the culture layer by mixing and supplying air and water to positively evaporate the water. Air and water supply is effective in preventing root rot of plants.

Water permeability is essential for the water retention mat of the present invention. That is, in order to absorb the moisture in the culture layer with the filter tube or supply moisture and nutrient solution from the filter tube to the culture layer, the water retention mat needs to be water-permeable. The water retention mat of the present invention can be used in any structure and shape as long as it has water permeability and water retention. For example, it has the following structure and shape.
A granular or granular water retaining material dispersed in a water-permeable sheet, or a laminate of a water absorbent polymer fiber sheet and a non-water absorbent fiber sheet, or a water absorbent polymer fiber and a water absorbent polymer. Formed into a sheet form by mixing moderate fibers, water-absorbent polymer or other water-retaining body sheet with through-holes, water-permeability, plant root-permeability, water-absorbing polymer, etc. Form a notch that penetrates from the front to the back of the sheet of water retaining body, and in use, pull it in a direction perpendicular to the notch direction to open the notch sideways to form a gap to provide water permeability and rooting. Structure. The shape is not particularly limited, such as a two-dimensional surface shape, a mesh shape, a three-dimensional surface shape, or a mesh shape, and any structure and shape can be adopted as appropriate.

  The water permeability and root penetration of the water retention layer can be adjusted by adjusting the size and porosity of the water retention layer.

The porosity and the size of the gap can be displayed using an index called basis weight. The basis weight means the weight of the fiber aggregate having a unit thickness (1 mm) per 1 m ² , and is a parameter representing the porosity and the size of the void. In the water passing body formed by accumulating fibers, the porosity and the average pore diameter can be estimated by giving the average diameter and basis weight of the fibers. Therefore, the water permeability and root penetration of the water retaining layer can be arbitrarily adjusted by adjusting the basis weight as long as the fiber diameter is in a certain range.
The preferred basis weight range of the water-retaining layer of the present invention is 100 to 1500 g / m ² , and the spun yarn usually used at that time is in the range of 40 to 4000 denier. The range of the spun yarn is a value in a range that can be handled economically that is normally used, and if it deviates from this range, it is difficult to produce it economically. If the basis weight is less than the lower limit, sufficient water permeability cannot be obtained. Exceeding the upper limit is not preferable because the water retention capacity is lowered.

  Here, the water-retaining body is a water-absorbing polymer, volcanic rock shirasu, pearlite, kanuma earth, red ball earth, hydrophilic processed activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, unglazed ceramics, and the like. Among them, volcanic rocks such as shirasu, pearlite, kanuma earth, red ball earth, hydrophilic processed activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, unglazed ceramics, etc. are porous and have moderate water permeability, so they are processed into mats as they are. However, since the water-absorbing polymer has poor water permeability, a process for imparting water permeability is required as described above. In addition, since plant roots cannot grow through the water-absorbent resin layer, they become a barrier to root growth, so it is necessary to add rooting properties so that they do not become a barrier to plant root growth. Become. The water flow structure described above is a good example.

  Therefore, when the water-absorbing resin is used as the material for the water-retaining layer of the present invention, the water-absorbing resin is combined with a material other than the water-absorbing resin so that the presence of the water-absorbing resin does not become a barrier for root growth. It is necessary to have a structure that can maintain a space that can be rooted even if water absorbs and expands. For this purpose, it is also preferable to disperse the water-absorbing resin in the form of particles or / and meshes in the water-absorbing body of the non-water-absorbing resin. Alternatively, it is also preferable to mix the fibers of the water-absorbing resin and the fibers of other materials to form a woven or non-woven fabric so that a gap that can be rooted can be maintained even after water absorption and expansion. Alternatively, it is also preferable to process in advance a gap that can pass through the water absorbent resin layer even if it absorbs water.

  As the water-absorbing resin applicable to the present invention, any composition can be used without any limitation as long as it can be formed into a fibrous, granular, or network shape. For example, it can be appropriately selected from those of synthetic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic and polyether to those of natural polymer such as starch and cellulose.

  The mixing ratio in the case of mixing a water-absorbing resin alone and a non-water-absorbing resin sheet as a water retaining material is preferably 15 to 30%. If the amount is less than the lower limit, the amount of water absorbed and retained is decreased, the ability to supply water to the plant is decreased, and the tendency of soil frost damage to be difficult to suppress is observed. If the upper limit is exceeded, the sheet portion cannot absorb the swelling of the water-absorbent resin when wet, the water retaining sheet expands, the vegetation base collapses, and the root hair of the plant is cut, so the upper limit is below preferable.

  If voids are formed in the soil of the culture layer due to the difference in volume expansion between the water-absorbent resin in the water-retaining layer and the time of drying shrinkage, the evaporation of water in the soil is accelerated in summer and the temperature of the soil rises. In winter, when water accumulated in the voids freezes, the volume expands, causing problems such as cutting the roots of plants. By adjusting the basis weight of the sheet part and the mixing ratio of the water-absorbing resin, an appropriate space is provided between the fibers of the sheet part at the time of drying, and the water-absorbing resin is surrounded by the base fiber, so the water-absorbing resin Even when the volume increased by swelling is absorbed in the space between the fibers and the water-absorbent resin swells, it is possible to prevent the entire sheet portion from expanding and the water retaining layer portion from becoming indefinite. As a result, the working space space volume of the water-absorbent resin does not change due to swelling or drying shrinkage, thereby preventing the base from collapsing and preventing the formation of voids due to the difference in volume expansion of the water retention layer in the soil. be able to. Furthermore, since an air layer is formed, root rot can be prevented.

  The culture layer of the present invention means not only natural culture soil but also the whole composition having a plant planting function equivalent to artificial soil or natural culture soil. For example, in addition to natural culture soil that is usually used, organic and inorganic fiber woven fabrics used in hydroponic cultivation, felt-like artificial soil formed with nonwoven fabric, or inorganic porous planting bases, etc. It can be used suitably.

  When water absorption polymer is used as the water retention material for the water retention layer by directly contacting the water absorption / drainage mat and the water retention layer, the water-absorbing / swelling gelled resin oozes out and penetrates into the mesh of the water absorption / drainage mat to form a mesh. May be blocked. In order to prevent this, and in order to prevent the water-absorbing resin from falling off the water-retaining layer due to repeated swelling and swelling due to water absorption, the gel of the water-absorbing resin body of the water-retaining layer is provided between the water-absorbing mat and the water-retaining layer. It is preferable to provide a gel-impermeable layer that cannot penetrate. Since water permeability is essential for the gel-impermeable layer, the gel-impermeable layer needs to be water-permeable and gel-impermeable.

  The gel impervious layer may be integrally provided on at least one of the combined surfaces of the water absorption / drainage mat and the water retaining layer, or may have a structure in which an independent layer is sandwiched between the combined surfaces.

  The gel impervious layer is a water-permeable layer with a small pore diameter so that the gel of the water-absorbent resin body does not enter and cause clogging. For example, it is a layer formed by collecting and laminating fibers so as to have a pore diameter that does not allow gel to enter.

The gel impervious layer is formed using fibers having a fiber diameter of several μm to several hundred μm, and in order to prevent the gel of the water-absorbent resin body from entering the mesh and causing clogging, the basis weight is ,
30 to 3000 g / m 2 is preferable.
If the basis weight is less than the lower limit, the water permeability is inhibited, which is not preferable. Exceeding the upper limit is not preferable because the gel of the water-absorbent resin body enters the mesh and causes clogging.

  The water retaining layer, gel impervious layer, and water-absorbing / draining mat are corrugated on the surface by a method such as a needle punch method or a spun bond method, and the corrugated surfaces are brought into point contact with each other. It is good to do point adhesion.

The present invention has the following effects.
1 Applying to a plant planting base, water and nutrients can be freely supplied to the culture layer, and excess water can be drained freely to adjust the water and nutrients.
2. When draining excess water from the culture layer, it is possible to effectively reuse the excess water by storing it in a water storage tank without discarding it and supplying it to the culture layer when drought occurs.
3 When applied to a place where soil contamination occurs, it can absorb the water overflowing in the culture layer and drain it to the outside quickly in case of rain or natural disasters, thereby preventing environmental pollution.
4. Apply to sports ground vegetation, and in rainy weather or natural disasters, the ground condition can be quickly recovered by absorbing excess water overflowing the culture layer and draining it outside.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the drawings are specifically described for better understanding of the embodiment of the invention, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited thereto.

1 to 3 are drawings for explaining the inventions of claims 1 and 2 of the present invention.
4 to 5 are drawings for explaining the inventions of claims 3 and 4 of the present invention.
6 to 7 are drawings for explaining the invention of claim 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 11 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 12 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 13 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 14 of the present invention.

1-3, the water absorption / drainage mat 1 has a structure in which a filter tube 2 is built in a water passage 3.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, the structure in which the filter tube is built is built by being sandwiched and integrated between two water-permeable bodies. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. In FIG. 1, a groove for embedding a filter tube is formed on one surface of a water-transmitting body 3, and the groove is integrated by being embedded in this groove.
The filter tubes are embedded separately from each other, and the arrangement at the time of embedding can be appropriately selected from a parallel uniform arrangement, a strip shape, a comb tooth shape, a leaf vein shape, and other arrangements.
The structure in which the filter tube of the present invention is incorporated in the water body is not limited to FIGS. 1 to 3, and the structure in which the filter tube is simultaneously embedded when the porous body is resin-molded, or the filter tube is embedded in the ceramic porous body. Any structure may be employed, such as an embedded structure, or a structure in which a hollow portion corresponding to a filter tube is formed in a porous body of resin or ceramics and used as a filter tube.

  In the structure of FIGS. 1 to 3, the water passing body 3 and the filter tube 2 are integrated in contact with each other so that the water passage holes of the filter tube are blocked and the water passage performance is not hindered. Yes.

  1-3, one end of the filter tube 2 is sealed, and the joint portion 4 is connected to the other end. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of water absorption and water supply pipes when a large number of water absorption and drainage mats of the present invention are laid. When laying a large number of water-absorbing and draining mats, it is only necessary to connect the joint portion 4 to the large base tube 8. The base tube 8 is connected to a pump, supplies a large amount of water and nutrients from the base tube 8 and branches and supplies the water to the respective drainage mats. Store the water in the water tank without discarding it. Effective use of water. Without providing a large piping facility, it is also possible to respond flexibly to changes in the place where it is laid, and water supply and drainage can be performed freely.

  4-7 is explanatory drawing when the water absorption / drainage mat | matte of this invention is applied to a plant planting mechanism.

  In FIG. 4, the water-permeable water retention layer 5 is disposed on the water absorption / drainage mat 1, the culture layer 6 is placed on the water retention layer 5, and the plant planting layer is placed on the culture layer 6 to plant the plant. ing.

  In FIG. 4, water or an aqueous solution for nutrients for plant cultivation is supplied from the relay pipe 4 to the filter tube 2 built in the water intake / drainage mat 1, and these moisture and nutrients pass through the filter tube to the permeable water retention layer 5. It flows in and is retained, and gradually supplied to the culture layer 6.

  On the other hand, when excessive moisture flows into the culture layer 6 placed on the water retention layer 5, the moisture in the culture layer is efficiently absorbed and drained through the water passage holes of the water retention layer by sucking the filter tube 2. The air is sucked by the filter tube 2 of the mat 1 and discharged from the filter tube 2 through the joint portion 4.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a structure in which the culture layer 6 is disposed directly on the water absorption / drainage mat 1 and the water retention layer 5 is disposed below the water absorption / drainage mat 1.
It is the structure which replaced the position under the nourishment of the water absorption / drainage mat 1 and the water retention layer 5 of the structure of FIG.

  One of the biggest features of this structure is that water accumulated in the planting layer and the culture layer can be quickly sucked and discharged outside. In the structure of FIG. 4, water accumulated in the plant planting layer and the culture layer can be quickly sucked and discharged outside, but in the structure of FIG. 4, water retention is performed between the water absorption / drainage mat 1 and the culture layer. Since the layer exists, the discharge capacity of the water accumulated above the culture layer depends on the water flow capacity of the water retention layer. In other words, no matter how large the water absorption capacity of the water absorption / drainage mat 1 is, when the water flow capacity of the water retention layer cannot catch up, that is, in the event of a disaster such as heavy rain, water may accumulate in the plant planting layer and the culture layer. It is to go. In such a case, the structure of FIG. 5 is preferable.

  On the other hand, in the structure of FIG. 4, since the water retention layer is in contact with the culture layer, it is convenient to transmit the water retained in the water retention layer to the culture layer, but in the structure of FIG. 5, the moisture retained in the water retention layer. Is transferred to the culture layer through the suction / drainage mat 1, in order to transmit the water in the water retention layer to the culture layer without interruption, the water retention layer is always moistened with water, and the water retention layer and the culture layer are It is necessary to adjust by supplying water with a filter tube so that there is no gap between them.

  In the structure of FIG. 5, in order to allow the water absorption / drainage mat 1 to absorb the water retained in the water retention layer and to transmit the water absorbed by the water absorption / drainage mat 1 to the culture layer without any trouble, the water absorption / drainage mat is hydrophilic. Preferably there is. As long as water is retained in the water retaining layer, the moisture in the water retaining layer can move to the water absorbing and draining mat without trouble at the contact surface between the hydrophilic water absorbing and draining mat and the water retaining layer. It is possible to maintain the state in which moisture is transmitted to the culture layer and the culture layer is also moistened with water. In order to make the water absorption / drainage mat hydrophilic, the material itself may be formed of a hydrophilic material, or the material surface may be subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.

  4 and 5, excess moisture in the culture layer 6 is absorbed by the water absorption / drainage mat 1, and insufficient moisture is supplied from the water absorption / drainage mat 1. A nutrient solution can also be supplied. Further, air can be supplied together with water from the filter tube, and root decay of the plant can be prevented. In addition, it is possible to prevent water from being excessively heated by actively evaporating water.

  Although there is no special restriction | limiting as a filter tube of this invention, A hollow fiber membrane filter is the most suitable especially.

  The hollow fiber membrane filter has a very large ratio between the internal volume and the surface area, and therefore can absorb and supply water at a speed several thousand times faster than that of resin and metal pipes that are usually used. Therefore, even a hollow fiber membrane filter with a diameter of several millimeters can exhibit a water supply / water absorption capacity several hundred times that of a pipe with a diameter of several tens of millimeters. Further, since the hollow fiber membrane filter is excellent in hydrophilicity, it has a feature that it can supply moisture to the water retaining layer only by utilizing the capillary phenomenon without supplying pressurized water.

  9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining a plant planting mechanism when a plant is cultivated on the ground other than farmland using the water retention mat of the present invention.

  FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram when applied to a plant planting mechanism in a clay shooting range where soil contamination occurs. That is, in clay shooting range, in order to prevent left lead bullets from melting into rainwater and seeping into the ground and causing lead pollution in the neighboring area, a water shielding sheet is laid on the ground, Although cultivated soil is laid on top and planted with grass, lead components run out of the water shielding sheet together with rainwater during rainy weather, causing lead pollution in neighboring areas. The example of FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a planting mechanism that prevents soil contaminated with pollutants from flowing out with rainwater. In FIG. 9, a water shielding sheet 9 is laid on the ground 10, and the water absorption / drainage mat 1 is laid on the water shielding sheet 9. A water retention mat 5 is planted on the water absorption / drainage mat 1, a culture layer 6 is planted on the water retention mat 5, and a plant such as lawn is planted on the culture layer 6. Pollution components such as lead balls are dissolved in the culture layer. In the event of rain, disaster, or when the plant planting layer overflows with excess water, the filter tube connected to the joint part 4 is sucked to suck out the overflowing water of the plant planting layer from the filter tube. By discharging, it is possible to prevent the outflow of rainwater. A drainage mat 1 is placed on the ground 10, a water retention mat 5 is placed on the drainage mat 1, a culture layer 6 is placed on the water retention mat 5, and plants are planted in the culture layer. Water, nutrient solution, and air as needed are supplied from the joint part 4 connected to the filtration pipe of the water absorption / drainage mat 1. Water, nutrient solution, and air are supplied from the filter tube to the water absorption / drainage mat, from the water absorption / drainage mat to the water retention mat, and from the water retention mat to the culture tank. These water, nutrient solution, and air are appropriately adjusted according to the growth state of the plant. On the other hand, when the plant planting layer overflows in rainy weather, disasters, the plant planting layer can be restored to an appropriate amount by sucking excess moisture from the filter tube and discharging it outside. Plant root rot caused by excessive moisture can be prevented.

  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram when applied to drainage of a sports ground and planting. That is, in a conventional sports ground planted with lawn etc., culture soil is laid directly on the ground and lawn etc. are planted on the culture soil, but when rainwater soaks in rainy weather or culture soil, Until now, the only way to re-use is to wait for natural drying. In FIG. 10, a water absorption mat is laid on the ground, a water retention mat is laid on the water absorption / drainage mat, and culture soil is laid on the water retention mat, so that the rainwater that has soaked in can be used simultaneously. By absorbing water with the filter pipe of the water-absorbing / draining mat and discharging it outside, the ground condition can be prevented quickly and the ground condition can be prevented. Moreover, the water | moisture content permeated by blowing air can be evaporated quickly, and a ground condition can be dried and restored rapidly.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram when the drainage mat of the present invention is used for drainage of a waste disposal site. The water absorption / drainage mat 1 is laid on a water shielding sheet 9 laid on the ground 10. The joint 4 protruding outside the filtration pipe of each water absorption / drainage mat is connected to the base pipe 8 shown in FIG. 8, and the base pipe 8 is connected to a water absorption pump to isolate the water collected by the pump in the rain. By storing water in a safe place outside the area, detoxifying it and draining it, it is possible to prevent groundwater pollution and environmental pollution.

Example 1
The Example when this invention water absorption / drainage mat is applied to a plant planting mechanism is described. The planting mechanism has the structure shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the absorbed water is stored in the water tank shown in FIG. 8 and reused for water supply. As a comparative example, a test was also performed without an absorbent / drainage mat.

Details of water-absorbing and draining mat: The structure is a structure in which the upper and lower layers shown in FIGS. The upper and lower two layers were produced by the following method. A base fiber web was formed by a needle punch method from polyester long fibers that had been subjected to hydrophilic treatment as a base material, and a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 400 g / m ² and a thickness of 3 mm was produced. The same material was used for the upper and lower layers. After forming a groove by applying an electric heating iron to the lower nonwoven fabric, a filter tube is set in the groove, and a silicone adhesive is applied to the mating surface of the upper and lower nonwoven fabrics with a roller to stretch the upper and lower layers. Combined and integrated structure. The filtration tubes were arranged in parallel at intervals of 50 mm.

Details of the filtration tube: A hollow fiber membrane filter having the following specifications was used for the filtration tube.
・ Hole diameter: 0.75mm inside diameter, 1.25mm outside diameter
・ Material: PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
・ Permeation hole diameter: 2-3 μm
・ Irrigation inflow pressure: 0.005 MPa
・ Water absorption, drainage pressure: 0.012 MPa
-Manufacturer: Kuraray Co., Ltd.-Product name: External pressure hollow fiber membrane module for water supply Megaflow

Gel-impermeable layer: As a raw material, a hydrophilic treated PET material was used, a base fiber web was formed by a spunbond direct spinning method, and a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 900 g / m ² and a thickness of 2 mm was produced.

Details of water-retaining layer: Teijin fiber water-absorbent resin Beloasis and PET fiber were alternately laminated in a ratio of 30% by weight to 70% by weight. The basis weight is 900 g / m ² and the thickness is 6.5 mm.

  Details of culture layer: Peace Tomos Yeast Green (vegetation material) perlite powder was used for the soil of the culture layer. The thickness of the culture layer was 100 mm, and lawn was planted on the culture layer.

  In the structure of FIG. 6, a gel impermeable layer was placed on the water absorption / drainage mat, and a water retention layer was placed on the gel impermeable layer, and these were fixed by attaching silicone to the contact surface. In the structure of FIG. 7, a gel impermeable layer was placed under the water absorption / drainage mat, and a water retention layer was placed under the gel impermeable layer, and these were fixed by attaching silicone to the contact surface. In the structure of the comparative example, a gel impermeable layer was placed under the culture layer, and a water retaining layer was placed under the gel impermeable layer, and these were fixed by attaching silicone to the contact surface.

[Planting test]
The planting mechanism was installed and tested in a room that was exposed to sunlight in fine weather. At the start of the test, the culture layer was moistened by gently sprinkling water on the lawn. Further, 5 liter / m 2 of water per unit area was supplied from the water absorption / drainage mat to the water retaining layer to wet the water retaining layer. Thereafter, irrigation of the culture layer was performed only by water supply from the water absorption / drainage mat. In the comparative example without the water-absorbing and draining mat, the same amount of water as in FIGS. 6 and 7 was gently sprinkled from the top of the lawn to wet the culture layer and the water retaining layer.

(Regular irrigation)
Once a week, 3 liters / m @ 2 of water was supplied from the suction / drainage mat. The test lasted for two months in the summer. In the comparative example, the same amount of water was gently sprinkled from the lawn to wet the culture layer and the water retaining layer.

[Dry and wet conditions in the soil]
The wet and dry state of the culture layer was measured using a soil dry humidity meter. An electrode of a soil moisture meter was inserted into the culture layer, a numerical value indicating the wet and dry state in the soil was read, and the dry state of the culture layer was determined by this numerical value. The wet and dry values were measured before water supply and immediately after water supply.

[Results of Comparative Example]
Since the comparative example sprays water from the top of the lawn, the numerical value always shows the maximum 8 immediately after the watering, and thereafter, the water retention layer absorbs moisture with the passage of time, and before the water supply, the numerical value is 1 to 1. It was changed to 2.
[Result of structure of FIG. 6]
Immediately after the water supply, the numerical value showed 5-6, and after that, the time passed and changed slightly to 4-5 even before the water supply.
[Result of structure of FIG. 7]
Immediately after the water supply, the numerical value showed 5-7, and there was a tendency for the numerical value to be slightly higher than the structure of FIG. 6, but after that time passed, it changed only slightly to 4-5 even before the water supply.
It has been confirmed that the plant planting mechanism of the present invention is very suitable for plant planting because of little change in the wet and dry values of the culture layer.

[Comparison of drainage capacity in rainy weather]
Assuming rainy weather, water corresponding to the following four types of rainfall was sprinkled from the top of the lawn, and the drainage capacity of the structures of FIGS. 6 and 7 and the comparative example were compared.
When sprinkling the amount of water equivalent to normal rain (5mm / hour),
When sprinkling water equivalent to heavy rain (50mm / hour),
When the amount of water equivalent to heavy rain (100 mm / hour) is sprinkled

〔result〕
In the comparative example, water overflowed from the culture layer in 10 minutes even in the rain of waves. In the structure of FIG. 6, the amount of water corresponding to heavy rain could be discharged without any problem, and the culture layer did not overflow with water, but the amount of water corresponding to severe rain did not catch up and the culture layer overflowed with water. . In the structure shown in FIG. 7, even the amount of water corresponding to severe rain could be discharged without any problem. It has been confirmed that the plant planting mechanism of the present invention can discharge water without accumulating water in the culture layer even during heavy rain to heavy rain. It was confirmed that the structure shown in FIG. 7 is more suitable for particularly heavy rainfall.

・ The water content in the culture layer does not change significantly before and after water supply, and can be maintained within the optimal water range for the plant growth environment.
・ The artificial planting base allows high-speed water absorption and drainage, so that it can hold an appropriate amount of water even during heavy rains, and is effective for high-quality and profitable greening projects.
-Since it can prevent the pollutant from flowing out from the soil that has been contaminated with clay shooting range, etc. in rainy weather, it is extremely effective for the planting of soil contaminated with the pollutant from the viewpoint of preventing the pollutant from flowing out.
-It is extremely effective as a sports ground that can drain at high speed and dry at high speed.
・ At the waste disposal site, it is possible to prevent the outflow of rainwater in which pollutants are dissolved when it rains.

FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining the invention of claim 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 2 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 3 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 4 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining the invention of claim 5 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a drawing for explaining the invention of claim 5 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 11 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 12 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 13 of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a view for explaining the invention of claim 14 of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Absorption / drainage mat 2 Filtration tube 3 Water passing body 4 Joint part 5 Water retention layer 6 Culture layer 7 Gel impermeable layer 8 Base tube 9 Water-impervious sheet 10 Ground

Claims (14)

  A water absorption / drainage mat having a structure in which a filtration pipe is built in a suction water body, wherein water absorbed in the suction water body is sucked by the filtration pipe and discharged to the outside. mat.   The water-absorbing and draining mat has a structure in which a filter tube is sandwiched between two upper and lower water-permeable sheets composed of an upper layer base material and a lower layer base material, and the contact surface of the two layer sheets is point-bonded. The plant planting mechanism according to claim 1.   A water retention layer having water permeability is disposed on the water absorption / drainage mat, a plant culture layer is disposed on the water retention layer, and the moisture in the culture layer is sucked through the filter tube of the water absorption / drainage mat and discharged outside. Or the water content of the culture layer is adjusted by supplying water to the culture layer from the filter tube and / or the water retention layer. Plant planting mechanism that uses water-absorbing and draining mats.   A plant culture layer is disposed on the water absorption / drainage mat, and a water retention layer having water permeability is disposed under the water absorption / drainage mat. The moisture in the culture layer is sucked through the filter tube of the water absorption / drainage mat and discharged outside. Or the water content of the culture layer is adjusted by supplying water to the culture layer from the filter tube and / or the water retention layer. Plant planting mechanism that uses water-absorbing and draining mats.   The main material of the water-absorbing material of the water-retaining layer is a water-absorbing resin, and a water-permeable resin gel-impermeable layer is provided between the water-retaining layer and the water-absorbing / draining mat. The plant planting mechanism according to any one of claims 3 to 4.   The plant planting mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the water retention layer has a structure in which water-absorbent resin particles are dispersed in a water-permeable base material sheet.   The plant planting mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the water retention layer has a structure in which a sheet in which water-absorbing resin fibers are accumulated and a sheet in which non-water-absorbing resin fibers are accumulated are laminated.   The plant planting mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the water retention layer has a structure in which water-absorbent resin fibers and non-water-absorbent resin fibers are mixed and formed into a sheet. The filtration tube of the water absorption and drainage mat is a hollow fiber membrane filter, and the basis weight of the water retention layer is
Claim 100 to 1500 g / ^{m 2,} the mixing ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the water-retaining layer comprising 15 to 70 wt%, and basis weight of the gel impermeable layer is characterized in that there 30~3000g / ^{m 2} 5 Plant planting mechanism as described in.   Water and air are supplied from the said filtration tube, The plant planting mechanism of any one of Claims 3-5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The water that is absorbed from the filtration tube and discharged to the outside is stored in a water storage tank, and the water in the water storage tank is supplied from the filtration tube to the culture layer at the time of drought. The plant planting mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims.   When applying the plant planting mechanism according to any one of claims 3 to 5 to a plant planting mechanism in a place where soil contamination occurs, a water shielding layer is provided on the surface of the ground in the place, A plant planting base is laid on the surface of the water layer, and when it rains, the water overflowing in the culture layer of the plant planting base is absorbed from the filter tube of the plant planting base and drained outside. Plant planting mechanism.   When applying the plant planting mechanism according to any one of claims 3 to 5 to drainage and greening of a sports ground, laying the plant planting base on the ground surface of the sports ground, A plant planting mechanism characterized in that water overflowing a culture layer of a plant planting base is absorbed from the filter tube of the plant planting base and drained outside. When applying the water-absorbing / draining mat to wastewater at a waste collection site, a water-impervious layer is provided on the ground for collecting the waste, and the water-absorbing / draining mat is laid on the water-impervious layer. Claims characterized in that the waste is accumulated on the mat, and the water absorbed by the water-absorbing and draining mat is sucked from the filter tube of the water-absorbing and draining mat and drained out of the water-impervious sheet when it rains. The drainage mechanism of the waste collection place which uses the water absorption / drainage mat | matte of any one of claim | item 1-2.