JP2012067340A - Charging and depositing method of charged material to blast furnace, and operating method of blast furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To optimally operate the blast furnace by bringing an actual deposition profile closer to a theoretical deposition profile by carrying out a deposition profile measurement of steel ore or coke for every turning of a shooter.SOLUTION: In a charging and depositing method of charged material such as iron ore and coke within a blast furnace, the charged material is charged while scanning a surface of the deposited material and measuring a deposition profile by detection media during turning of a shooter, or for every turning. Moreover, new charged material is charged by controlling the shooter so as to correct an error from the theoretical deposition profile, comparing the measured deposition profile with the theoretical deposition profile obtained beforehand. Then, the blast furnace is operated by using the charging method.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for controlling the deposition profile of charges such as iron ore and coke charged in a blast furnace.

  In a blast furnace that melts iron ore, iron ore and coke are normally charged from the top of the furnace with a large bell (bell type charging device) or a shooter (bellless type charging device), and deposited in layers. The operation is carried out by depositing these charge accumulation profiles at the top so that they form an inverted weight like ant hell.

  By the way, one of the important factors for stably operating the blast furnace is the distribution of gas flow in the furnace. This gas flow distribution is closely related to the iron ore and coke deposits, and usually the deposition state where the gas flow distribution is optimal by experiment, that is, the angle of the slope of the deposit, the iron ore A theoretical deposition profile that optimizes the layer thickness ratio between the deposition layer and the coke deposition layer is obtained, and the operation of the large bell and the shooter is controlled so that the actual deposition state matches the theoretical deposition profile.

  To confirm that the deposit is consistent with the theoretical deposition profile, microwaves are used as the detection medium, and the microwaves are transmitted towards the iron ore or coke deposition surface, and the iron ore or coke surface. Receiving reflected reflected microwaves to determine a deposition profile.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 8, microwaves from the microwave transmitting / receiving means 3 are passed through the antenna 2 in the vicinity of the tip opening of the lance 1 inserted into the blast furnace 6. Transmitted toward (iron ore 7a or coke 7b), the microwave reflected on the surface of the charge 7 is received by the antenna 2 and detected by the microwave transmitting / receiving means 3, and the time difference between the transmission and reception is loaded. The distance to the surface of the container 7 is obtained. At that time, the deposition profile of the charge 7 is obtained by reciprocating the lance 1 along a line connecting the furnace wall 5 and the core (shown by a broken line 4). Such a measurement is performed each time the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b are deposited so as to have a predetermined thickness in accordance with the theoretical deposition profile, and the thickness of each deposited layer of the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b is set. The moving speed and moving range of the movable armor 9 are controlled so as not to change every time.

JP-A-7-34107

  In order to bring the actual deposition profile closer to the theoretical deposition profile, it is necessary to increase the measurement frequency. However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, the lance 1 is an obstacle when charging the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b. Therefore, the lance 1 needs to be pulled out of the furnace while the iron ore 7a or the cochle 7b is charged, and the respective deposition profiles cannot be measured until one charge is completed. In addition, since the reciprocation of the lance 1 also takes time, quick measurement cannot be performed. Therefore, the actual deviation from the theoretical deposition profile is large.

  Further, as means for alternately charging iron ore 7a and coke 7b, a shooter is used at the top of the furnace in addition to the bell type described above, and iron ore 7a and coke 7b are charged into the furnace by turning the shooter and deposited. There is also a known method (see FIG. 1). Even in the system using this shooter, a microwave measuring device can be mounted near the top of the furnace, and the deposition profile can be measured by scanning the deposition surface of the steel stone 7a and coke 7b with the microwave. Then, it takes time to scan the deposition surface, and there is room for improvement in the measurement frequency.

  Therefore, the present invention measures the deposition profile of iron ore and coke for each turn of the shooter, and brings the actual deposition profile closer to the theoretical deposition profile, or calculates the layer thickness ratio between iron ore and coke. The purpose is to optimize the deposition profile and perform the optimum blast furnace operation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace, and a method for operating the blast furnace.
(1) A method of charging and depositing iron ore and coke into the blast furnace,
Charging the charge into the blast furnace, characterized in that the charge is loaded while measuring the deposition profile by scanning the surface of the deposit with the detection medium during each turn of the shooter. Filling and deposition methods.
(2) The deposition profile is measured, compared with a theoretical deposition profile determined in advance, and the shooter is controlled so as to correct an error from the theoretical deposition profile, and a new charge is charged. (1) The method for charging and depositing charges in the blast furnace according to (1).
(3) The method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace as described in (1) or (2) above, wherein the deposition profile is measured by scanning the detection medium over the entire surface of the charge.
(4) The method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the detection medium is a microwave.
(5) A method for operating a blast furnace, comprising charging a charge into a blast furnace according to the method described in any one of (1) to (4), depositing the material, and operating the blast furnace.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to measure the deposition profile of iron ore and coke at the same time as the shooter or every time it is charged. For example, when charging and depositing so as to match the theoretical deposition profile. It is possible to perform optimum blast furnace operation by depositing iron ore and coke with as little error as possible from the theoretical deposition profile.

It is sectional drawing which shows the measuring method of the deposition profile of this invention. It is a figure which shows the measuring apparatus for implement | achieving the measuring method of the deposition profile of this invention. It is sectional drawing which looked at the measurement part shown in FIG. 1 from the upper surface. It is a sectional side view which shows the 2nd example of a measurement part. FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the vicinity of the reflector of the measurement unit shown in FIG. 4. It is a figure which shows the mechanism which changes the inclination-angle of the reflecting plate of the measurement part shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1 for explaining a procedure for measuring a deposition profile according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the measuring method of the conventional deposition profile.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a deposition profile measuring method according to the present invention, and is shown along a cross section of a blast furnace according to FIG.

  A shooter 10 for charging iron ore 7a and coke 7b is disposed at the top of the blast furnace 6, and the shooter 10 is turned in a horizontal direction as indicated by an arrow R and as indicated by an arrow V. Then, iron ore 7a and coke 7b are charged into a predetermined position in the furnace from the dropping port 11 by a motion combined with the pendulum motion. In addition, a measurement unit A of a microwave measuring device for measuring the deposition profile of iron ore 7a and coke 7b is mounted outside the furnace, for example, outside the side of the shooter 10.

  As shown in the enlarged view of the periphery in FIG. 2 and the top cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, the measuring section A has a disk-shaped reflector 100 and an antenna 120 connected to the microwave transmitting / receiving means 110 facing each other. The first container 130 is accommodated in an opening provided at an appropriate position near the top of the furnace wall 5. A valve 30 is provided under the reflector 100 via a ceramic filter 31. The valve 30 is opened during profile measurement, and is closed during maintenance and inspection. Furthermore, a filter 32 is provided between the valve 30 and the opening 2 to prevent inflow of high temperature gas and dust from the furnace. Further, nitrogen gas is supplied from the nitrogen gas inlet 33, and the inside of the measuring part A is set to a pressure higher than that in the furnace during profile measurement to prevent dust from entering.

  The antenna 120 is preferably a parabolic antenna because the mounting depth is short.

  The first container 130 has a substantially cylindrical shape, the upper surface of which is closed by an upper lid 131, the lower surface 132 is opened, and the ceramic wall 31 and the filter 32 (not shown) are interposed to interpose the furnace wall 5. It is mounted so as to overlap the opening. Further, a nitrogen gas intake port 135 is provided, and nitrogen gas is supplied.

  An antenna 120 is attached to the peripheral wall of the first container 130, and the second container 140 is mounted so as to cover the back surface of the antenna 120. The second container 140 accommodates microwave transmission / reception means 110, and the microwave transmission / reception means 110 and the antenna 120 are connected by a waveguide 150. The waveguide 150 is closed by a plug member 151 made of a dielectric material so that gas and dust do not flow through an opening (not shown) for transmitting and receiving microwaves of the antenna 120. The microwave transmission / reception means 110 is connected to an external control unit (not shown) via the connector 155, and power supply, microwave transmission / reception control, detection signal processing, and the like are performed through the control unit. .

  Furthermore, a variable angle mechanism 160 for controlling the angle of the reflecting plate 100 is mounted on the peripheral wall of the first container 130 at a position orthogonal to the antenna 120. The reflecting plate 100 is disposed at the center of the first container 130, and both ends of its diameter are supported by bearings 102 a and 102 b provided at both ends of a semi-annular support arm 101. The support arm 101 is directly connected to the inner shaft 161 of the angle variable mechanism 160. The inner shaft 161 is rotationally driven by the first motor 170, and the reflector 100 rotates in the arrow X direction accordingly.

  Further, the tip 103a of the rod-shaped piece 103 is fixed to the center of the back surface 100a opposite to the antenna facing surface of the reflector 100. The rod-like piece 103 is connected to the connecting rod 105 via the first spherical plain bearing 104, and the other end of the connecting rod 105 is arranged coaxially with the inner shaft 161 via the second spherical plain bearing 106. It is connected to the tip of the provided outer shaft 162.

  A male screw 162 a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the second spherical plain bearing 106 on the outer shaft 162, and is a female screw that is rotationally driven by a second motor 172 mounted on the inner shaft 161. The member 173 is screwed with a female screw 173a formed on the inner peripheral surface. Then, when the second motor 172 is driven, the female screw member 173 rotates and moves in the left-right direction in the drawing so that the outer shaft 162 approaches or separates from the reflecting plate 100, and the connecting rod 105 is moved accordingly. Move in the horizontal direction. The movement of the connecting rod 105 causes the first spherical plain bearing 104 to move circularly with the bearings 102a and 102b as fulcrums. Since the reflector 100 is restricted from moving in the left-right direction in the drawing by the bearings 102a and 102b, the tip 103a of the rod-like piece 103 moves circularly in conjunction with the movement of the first spherical plain bearing 104, thereby reflecting. The plate 100 rotates in the vertical direction in the drawing, that is, in the arrow Y direction.

  Although not shown, the second motor 172 can be rotated by the rotational difference between the first motor 170 and the second motor 172 without attaching the second motor 172 on the inner shaft 161.

  In the variable angle mechanism 160 configured as described above, when the inner shaft 161 and the outer shaft 162 cooperate, the reflecting plate 100 is inclined at a predetermined angle in the direction of the arrow X by the rotation of the inner shaft 161, and at the same time, the outer shaft 162 is rotated. To rotate the tip 103a of the rod-like piece 103 in a circular motion to add rotation in the arrow Y direction, and the reflector 100 can be tilted in an arbitrary direction.

  Further, the variable angle mechanism 160 includes a first motor 170, a second motor 172, a part of the inner shaft 161 and the outer shaft 162, and a female screw member 173 accommodated in the third container 180. 130 is attached. Further, the first motor 170 is connected to an external control unit through a connector 174, and the second motor 172 is connected to an external control unit through a connector 175, and power supply and rotation are controlled through the control unit.

  In order to measure the deposition profile of the charge 7, the microwave M oscillated by the microwave transmitting / receiving means 110 is emitted from the antenna 120, reflected by the reflected wave 100, and transmitted toward the charge 7 through the opening 2. To do. Then, the microwave M reflected from the surface of the charge 7 is reflected by the reflector 100 and guided to the antenna 120, received by the microwave transmitting / receiving means 110, sent to the external control unit, and beat waves The distance from the antenna 120 to the surface of the charge 7 is obtained from the frequency of.

  In addition, carbon monoxide gas harmful to the human body is generated in the blast furnace, and the airtightness of the measuring part A is an important safety issue. However, the filter 32 and the ceramics filter 31 form a double airtight structure. The reflector 100 and the antenna 120 are accommodated in the first container, the microwave transmitting / receiving means 110 is accommodated in the second container, and the waveguide 150 used for connection with the antenna 120 is closed with the plug member 155, and Since the variable angle mechanism 160 is accommodated in the third container 180, the carbon monoxide gas does not leak to the outside through the measurement unit A.

  Furthermore, by closing the valve 30, the measuring section A can be separated from the blast furnace in a state where the blast furnace is airtight, and maintenance work of the measuring section A can be performed safely.

  The variable angle mechanism of the reflector 100 can be configured as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the same members as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the overall configuration. As shown in the figure, an antenna 120 is attached to one end of a guide pipe 200, and a microwave transmitting / receiving means 110 is connected to the antenna 120. The transmission and reception of microwaves is controlled at. The waveguide 150 connecting the antenna 120 and the microwave transmission / reception means 110 is closed with a plug member 151, and the microwave transmission / reception means 110 is accommodated in the second container 140 and sealed.

  In addition, an opening 210 is formed in the center of the guide pipe 200 by cutting away the surface facing the furnace opening, and the disc-shaped reflecting plate 100 is accommodated in the opening 210. The opening 210 of the guide pipe 200 is surrounded by the first container 130, and the first container 130 is open on the side facing the opening of the furnace. 31 and a filter 32 are connected to the opening 2 of the furnace (see FIG. 1). The opening of the first container 130 is closed with a filter 220 so that dust from the furnace does not flow into the guide pipe 200.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the reflecting plate 100 is provided with a support shaft 190 that protrudes from both ends of the diameter, and the support shaft 190 is fixed to the guide pipe 200. Thereby, the reflecting plate 100 rotates as indicated by an arrow P around the support shaft 190.

  Further, a rod-like piece 230 is fixed to the center C of the back surface 100a of the reflection 100 at a predetermined angle θ (for example, 45 °). A first connecting rod 232 is connected to the rod-shaped piece 230 via a first spherical sliding hinge 240, and a second connecting rod is connected to the first connecting rod 232 via a second spherical sliding hinge 241. 233 is connected.

  The other end of the guide pipe 200 is closed by an end surface 201, and an opening through which the second connecting rod 233 can be inserted is opened in the end surface 201, and the second connecting rod 233 extends outside from the opening. . A connecting rod driving means 235 for moving the second connecting rod 233 in the direction of arrow H along the axis of the guide pipe is attached to the outside of the end surface 201. The connecting rod driving means 235 can be constituted by a motor 236 and a rack gear 237, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, when the second connecting rod 233 is moved in the direction of the arrow Ha, the first connecting rod 232 is also moved in the same direction, and the rod-shaped piece is interposed via the first spherical sliding hinge 240. 230 tilts in the direction of arrow L about the support shaft 190. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6B, the reflecting plate 100 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow Pa. At this time, the first spherical sliding hinge 240 is slightly lowered in the lower left direction in the drawing from the initial position shown in FIG. 5A, and the first connecting rod 232 is also moved as shown in FIG. 6B. The end of one spherical sliding hinge 240 is slightly lowered. Therefore, the second spherical sliding hinge 241 absorbs the lowering of the first connecting rod 232.

  Although illustration is omitted, when the second connecting rod 233 is moved to the opposite side to the arrow Ha from this state, the reflecting plate 100 rotates to the opposite side to the arrow Pa.

  The microwave M transmitted from the antenna 120 and reflected by the reflecting plate 100 is sent in the left-right direction in the figure by the rotation of the reflecting plate 100 in the direction of arrow P accompanying the movement of the second connecting rod 233. .

  The guide pipe 200 is configured to be rotatable about the axis thereof in the direction of the arrow Q for each of the second containers 140 that house the antenna 120 and the microwave transmission / reception means 110, and the reflector 100 is similarly configured accordingly. The microwave M is sent in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The guide pipe 200 can be rotated by a motor 205 provided outside the end surface 201, and the rotation axis of the motor 205 is provided on an extension line of the axis of the guide pipe 200. Further, the motor 205 is accommodated in the container 208 together with the connecting rod driving means 235.

  Thus, the microwave M can be scanned in a two-dimensional direction by the movement of the second connecting rod 233 and the rotation of the guide pipe 200.

  Support members 260 and 261 are disposed on both sides of the first container 130. The support members 260 and 261 fit a bearing on the outer periphery of the guide pipe 200 to rotatably support the guide pipe 200, and further maintain confidentiality inside the container with a seal member. Note that the seal member desirably has heat resistance. The inside of the first container 130 has the same gas pressure as the inside of the furnace through the opening of the furnace at the time of measurement, and a considerably high pressure. Therefore, the first container 130 can be protected by sharing the pressure with the support members 260 and 261, and it is not necessary to provide a separate prevention device for the guide pipe 200.

  Further, the first container 130 can be provided with a window 137 so that nitrogen gas can flow from the nitrogen gas inlet 135 and the inside can be observed.

  Further, the guide pipe 200 may be provided with nitrogen gas intake ports 136 a and 136 b so that the nitrogen gas flows into the guide pipe 200.

  In the above, the guide pipe 200 is divided by the antenna side wall surface 130a of the first container 130, and the antenna side portion is joined to the first container 130 by welding or the like, and the end surface of the guide pipe 200 is connected from the first container 130. The part up to 201 can also be made rotatable, and in that case, the support member 261 that holds the part on the antenna side can be omitted.

  Although not shown, a small hole is formed in the antenna 120 so as not to affect microwave transmission / reception, and the nitrogen gas inlet 136a is placed near the back surface of the antenna 120 (surface on the microwave transmission / reception means side). By providing the nitrogen gas, the inside of the guide pipe 200 flows into the first container 130 through the small hole of the antenna 120 and dust on the back surface of the antenna 120 can be removed.

  Further, by making a similar small hole in the reflecting plate 100, the nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas intake port 136a circulates to the back side of the reflecting plate 100, and the nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas intake port 136b is transferred to the antenna side. The nitrogen gas is more easily distributed over the entire area of the guide pipe 200.

  According to the measurement unit A, the microwave M can be scanned two-dimensionally over the entire surface of the charge 7 by continuously changing the angle of the reflection plate 100 by the angle variable mechanism. Then, by mapping the position information of the scan and the distance to the surface of the charge 7 two-dimensionally, a deposition profile of the entire surface of the charge 7 can be accurately obtained by one scan.

  In the present invention, the deposition profile can be measured while the shooter 10 is turning or every turn.

  FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1, and will be described by exemplifying the deposition of iron ore 7a. If the deposition profile of the pre-deposited iron ore 7a is P0, when the shooter 10 is turned at a rotation angle θ1 in the V direction, a new steel stone 7a is placed on the deposition profile P0 and the rotation angle of the shooter 10 The deposition is started from a position corresponding to θ1, and the deposition profile at this time is measured by the measurement unit A to obtain the deposition profile P1. Next, when the shooter 10 is newly turned at a rotation angle θ2 in the V direction, a new iron ore 7a is deposited on the deposition profile P1 starting from a position corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 of the shooter 10, The deposition profile at that time is measured by the measuring section A to obtain the deposition profile P2. By repeating such turning of the shooter 10 and measurement by the measurement unit A, a deposition profile Pn of the iron ore 7a is finally obtained. At this time, the actual turning mode (rotation angle in the V direction) of the shooter 10 can be controlled while comparing with the theoretical deposition profile for each turn of the shooter 10.

  In the above, since the shooter 10 is a cylindrical body, the probability that the microwave M from the measurement unit A will hit the shooter 10 is low, and there is substantially no trouble in measurement. Even if it hits the microwave M, it is instantaneous, and since the shooter 10 is located on the furnace top side with respect to the steel stone 7a and the coke 7b, the detected reflected microwave appears at a specific position and is deposited. And can be distinguished. Alternatively, the detection pattern when the shooter 10 is turned may be measured and processed so as to be removed from the deposition profile.

  Alternatively, the microwave M can be transmitted and received without being disturbed by the shooter 10 by disposing the measurement unit A below the turning position of the shooter 10 (furnace bottom side).

  Further, in order to prevent the shooter 10 from becoming an obstacle, the deposition profile may be measured for each turn of the shooter 10.

  In order to shorten the measurement time in the above, the rotation speed of the motors 170, 172, 205, and 235 may be increased in order to shorten the scanning time of the microwave M in the measurement unit A, and measurement is performed while the shooter 10 makes one turn. Can be completed. In a general blast furnace, the turning speed of the shooter 10 is about 8 rpm, and the time required for one turning is about 7.5 seconds. However, the measuring unit A can sufficiently cope with the measurement in such a short time. Therefore, the deposition profile of the iron ore 7a or coke 7b can be measured for each turn of the shooter 10, and even if there is an error from the theoretical deposition profile determined in advance, it is quick and accurate at the time of new charging. Can be corrected.

  In the past, since the deposition profile was measured after iron ore 7a or coke 7b was deposited to a certain extent, it was difficult to correct it with a new charge to match the theoretical deposition profile. According to the present invention, since the deposition profile can be measured during the turning of the shooter 10 or for every small amount of deposition accompanying the turning of the shooter 10, it is easy to match the theoretical deposition profile.

  The FMCW method is generally used for signal processing. This FMCW method is composed of a sweep period and a signal processing period. In the sweep period, the frequency of the oscillator of the microwave transmission / reception means 110 is swept. Sampling the beat signal during the period to obtain sampling data, FET processing the sampling data during the signal processing period to obtain the frequency at which the frequency spectrum of the beat signal is maximum, and converting the frequency to the distance to obtain the measured distance value Yes. Therefore, since processing time is required when the sweep period and the signal processing period are sequentially processed, it is preferable to shorten the time by adopting a toggle buffer as a buffer that performs interrupt processing to control the sweep period and takes sampling data. This allows the sampling data to be taken into one of the toggle buffers and processed during the sweep period, and the other sampling data for which sampling data has been taken in the previous sweep period to be used for background signal processing. As a result, the processing in the sweep period and the processing in the signal processing period are apparently performed simultaneously, and the processing time can be shortened. Therefore, in combination with the scanning of the microwave M by the measurement unit A, the deposition profile is measured more quickly.

  The theoretical deposition profile can experimentally determine the deposition state in which the distribution of gas flow in the furnace is optimum as in the conventional case.

  In the above description, the microwave is used as the detection medium, but an electron beam or the like may be used.

  The above is intended to deposit iron ore 7a and coke 7b by controlling the shooter 10 so as to match the theoretical deposition profile. However, even if it is deposited according to the theoretical deposition profile, the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b may slide down from the inclined surface. This is mainly because the properties of the iron ore 7a and coke 7b assumed when producing the theoretical deposition profile are different from the properties of the iron ore 7a and coke 7b that are actually charged. Possible reason.

  According to the present invention, since the actual deposition profile can be measured simultaneously with the turning of the shooter 10 or for each turning, when the actually deposited steel stone 7a and coke 7b slide down, the accumulation state is immediately detected. Feedback to the theoretical deposition profile. Thus, according to the present invention, it is also possible to verify the theoretical deposition profile.

A Measuring unit 10 Shooter 100 Reflector 101 Support arm 104 First spherical plain bearing 105 Connecting rod 106 Second spherical plain bearing 110 Microwave transceiver 120 Antenna 130 First container 140 Second container 150 Waveguide 151 Plug member 160 Angle variable mechanism 161 Inner shaft 162 Outer shaft 170 First motor 172 Second motor 180 Third container 190 Support shaft 200 Guide pipe 210 Opening 220 Filter 230 Rod-like piece 232 First connecting rod 233 Second Connecting rod 240 First spherical sliding hinge 241 Second spherical sliding hinge 260, 261 Support member

Claims (5)

A method of charging and depositing iron ore and coke into the blast furnace,
Charging the charge into the blast furnace, characterized in that the charge is loaded while measuring the deposition profile by scanning the surface of the deposit with the detection medium during each turn of the shooter. Filling and deposition methods.   2. The deposit profile is measured and compared to a previously determined theoretical deposition profile, and the shooter is controlled to correct for an error from the theoretical deposition profile, and a new charge is charged. To charge and deposit the charge into the blast furnace.   The method for charging and depositing a charge in a blast furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deposition profile is measured by scanning the detection medium over the entire surface of the charge.   The method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the detection medium is a microwave.   A method for operating a blast furnace, comprising charging a charge into the blast furnace by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and depositing the charge to operate the blast furnace.

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