JP2012060172A - Semiconductor light-emitting element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductor light-emitting element having high luminous efficiency.SOLUTION: A semiconductor light-emitting element comprises: an n-type semiconductor layer including an n-type GaN layer; an n-side electrode connected to the n-type semiconductor layer; a p-type semiconductor layer including a p-type GaN layer and a p-type GaN contact layer stacked on the p-type GaN layer; a p-side electrode connected to the p-type semiconductor layer; a light-emitting portion that is provided between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer and includes a plurality of well layers; a first layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm that is provided between the light-emitting portion and the p-type semiconductor layer and includes AlGaN having a first Al composition ratio of 0.001 to 0.05; a second layer that is provided between the first layer and the p-type semiconductor layer and includes AlGaN having a second Al composition ration of 0.1 to 0.2; and an intermediate layer having a thickness of 3 to 8 nm that contacts a p-type well layer nearest the p-type semiconductor layer in between the first layer and the light-emitting portion, includes InGaN (0≤z1<1), and has a higher p-type impurity concentration than that of the first layer.

Description

  The present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device.

  Applying nitride-based III-V group compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN), high-intensity ultraviolet to blue / green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and blue-violet to blue / green laser diodes (LDs) Semiconductor light emitting devices such as laser diodes have been developed.

  In order to increase the efficiency of LEDs, it is important to increase the crystallinity of the GaN-based semiconductor, reduce defects, reduce non-radiative recombination centers, and increase the internal quantum efficiency of the crystal. It is also important how electrons and holes can recombine in the active layer. Electrons tend to overflow from the active layer. On the other hand, since the activation rate of p-type impurities is low, holes tend to have a low carrier density.

In Patent Document 1, a layer grown using N ₂ gas so as to prevent decomposition of the active layer and an H ₂ gas so as to form a potential barrier between the active layer and the p-type cladding layer are disclosed. There has been proposed a configuration in which a cap layer having a layer grown by using the cap layer is provided.
However, even in this technique, there is room for improvement in improving luminous efficiency.

Japanese Patent No. 3446660

  The present invention provides a semiconductor light emitting device with high luminous efficiency.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an n-type semiconductor layer including an n-type GaN layer, an n-side electrode connected to the n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type GaN layer, and the p-type GaN layer are stacked. a p-type semiconductor layer including a p-type GaN contact layer; a p-side electrode connected to the p-type semiconductor layer; and the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer. A light emitting portion including a plurality of quantum well layers, and AlGaN provided between the light emitting portion and the p-type semiconductor layer and having a first Al composition ratio of 0.001 to 0.05, A first layer having a thickness of not less than 5 nm and not more than 5 nm, and AlGaN provided between the first layer and the p-type semiconductor layer and having a second Al composition ratio of not less than 0.1 and not more than 0.2 Between the first layer and the light emitting portion. Of contact with the p-side quantum well layer closest to the p-type semiconductor layer among the quantum well layer, is at 8 nm or less in 3 nm or more _{thick, In z1 Ga 1-z1 N} (0 ≦ z1 < 1) and an intermediate layer having a higher p-type impurity concentration than the first layer. A semiconductor light emitting device is provided.

  According to the present invention, a semiconductor light emitting device having high luminous efficiency is provided.

It is typical sectional drawing which shows the structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is typical sectional drawing which shows a part of semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic of the semiconductor light-emitting device of a comparative example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic of the semiconductor light-emitting device of a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the simulation result of the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a graph which shows the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic of a semiconductor light-emitting device.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The drawings are schematic or conceptual, and the relationship between the thickness and width of each part, the size ratio between the parts, and the like are not necessarily the same as actual ones. Further, even when the same part is represented, the dimensions and ratios may be represented differently depending on the drawings.
Note that, in the present specification and each drawing, the same elements as those described above with reference to the previous drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.

(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a semiconductor light emitting element according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a part of the semiconductor light emitting element according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an n-type semiconductor layer 10 including a nitride semiconductor, a p-type semiconductor layer 20 including a nitride semiconductor, and an n-type semiconductor layer 110. And a p-type semiconductor layer 20 and includes a light emitting unit 30 including a quantum well layer, a first layer 41, a second layer 42, and an intermediate layer 40m.

  As illustrated in FIG. 1, the n-type semiconductor layer 10, the light emitting unit 30, the intermediate layer 40m, the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are stacked along the Z-axis direction.

The first layer 41 is provided between the light emitting unit 30 and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 and includes AlGaN having a first Al composition ratio x1. For example, the first layer 41 includes Al _x1 Ga _1-x1 N. The first Al composition ratio x1 is larger than 0 and smaller than 1. Specifically, the first Al composition ratio is, for example, 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less.

The second layer 42 is provided between the first layer 41 and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 and includes AlGaN having a second composition ratio x2 higher than the first Al composition ratio x1. For example, the second layer 42 includes Al _x2 Ga _1-x2 N. The second Al composition ratio x2 is larger than 0, smaller than 1, and higher than the first Al composition ratio x1. Specifically, the second Al composition ratio x2 is, for example, not less than 0.1 and not more than 0.2.

The intermediate layer 40m is provided between the first layer 41 and the light emitting unit 30, and has a thickness of 3 nm (nanometers) or more and 8 nm or less. The intermediate layer 40m includes _{Inz1Ga1 -z1N} (0 ≦ z1 <1). That is, the intermediate layer 40m does not substantially contain Al. For example, GaN or InGaN is used for the intermediate layer 40m.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the light emitting unit 30 includes a plurality of barrier layers 31 and a plurality of well layers 32 (quantum well layers) that are alternately stacked along the Z-axis direction. That is, the light emitting unit 30 includes a plurality of barrier layers 31 that are alternately stacked along the Z-axis direction, and a well layer 32 provided between each of the plurality of barrier layers 31.

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the n-type semiconductor layer 10 includes not only the well layer 32 but the barrier layer 31 (among the plurality of barrier layers 31, the n-type semiconductor layer 10 is the most). It is assumed that the near barrier layer 31) contacts. Further, the well layer 32 is disposed on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side of the light emitting unit 30. That is, the well layer 32 (the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 among the plurality of well layers 32) is in contact with the intermediate layer 40m.

  As illustrated in FIG. 1, the n-type semiconductor layer 10 includes, for example, an n-type GaN layer 11 and an n-type guide layer 12 provided between the n-type GaN layer 11 and the light emitting unit 30. Can do. For the n-type guide layer 12, for example, GaN or InGaN doped with an n-type impurity such as Si is used.

  The p-type semiconductor layer 20 can include, for example, a p-type GaN contact layer 22 and a p-type GaN layer 21 provided between the p-type GaN contact layer 22 and the second layer 42. The p-type semiconductor layer 20 is doped with a p-type impurity such as Mg at a high concentration.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to this embodiment includes a substrate 5 made of, for example, sapphire, a buffer layer 6 provided thereon, and an n-type GaN provided on the buffer layer 6. The layer 11 and the n-type guide layer 12 provided on the n-type GaN layer 11 can be included. The n-type GaN layer 11 and the n-type guide layer 12 correspond to the n-type semiconductor layer 10.

  Then, the light emitting unit 30 (the barrier layer 31 and the well layer 32) is provided on the n-type guide layer 12. An intermediate layer 40 m is provided on the light emitting unit 30, a first layer 41 is provided on the intermediate layer 40 m, and a second layer 42 is provided on the first layer 41.

  A p-type GaN layer 21 is provided on the second layer 42, and a p-type GaN contact layer 22 is provided on the p-type GaN layer 21. The p-type GaN layer 21 and the p-type GaN contact layer 22 correspond to the p-type semiconductor layer 20.

  In the first main surface on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side of the stacked structure having the above-described structure, a part of the n-type semiconductor layer 10, the light emitting unit 30, the intermediate layer 40m, the first layer 41, Part of the second layer 42 and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 is removed, and the n-type semiconductor layer 10 is exposed on the first main surface side. An n-side electrode 71 is provided in contact with the exposed n-type semiconductor layer 10, and a p-side electrode 81 is provided in contact with the p-type semiconductor layer 20.

Such a semiconductor light emitting device 110 is manufactured as follows, for example.
First, after forming the buffer layer 6 on the substrate 5 made of sapphire, the n-type GaN layer 11 doped with n-type impurities is crystal-grown. The thickness of the n-type GaN layer 11 is, for example, about 4 μm (micrometer).

For crystal growth, for example, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is used. In addition, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is used for crystal growth. For the n-type impurity, for example, various elements such as Si, Ge, and Sn can be used. In this specific example, Si is used. For example, about 2 × 10 ¹⁸ cm ⁻³ is employed as the Si doping amount. As the substrate 5, various materials such as GaN, SiC, Si, and GaAs can be used in addition to sapphire.

Next, the n-type guide layer 12 is crystal-grown on the n-type GaN layer 11. For the n-type guide layer 12, for example, GaN doped with n-type impurities at about 1 × 10 ¹⁸ cm ⁻³ is used. The thickness of the n-type guide layer 12 is, for example, about 0.1 μm.

  The growth temperature for growing the n-type GaN layer 11 and the n-type guide layer 12 is, for example, 1000 to 1100 ° C., for example.

In addition to GaN, In _0.01 Ga _0.99 N can be used as the n-type guide layer 12. The growth temperature when In _0.01 Ga _0.99 N is used for the n-type guide layer 12 is, for example, 700 to 800 ° C. Even when In _0.01 Ga _0.99 N is used for the n-type guide layer 12, for example, 0.1 μm can be adopted as the thickness of the n-type guide layer 12.

Next, the light emitting unit 30 is formed on the n-type guide layer 12. For example, a multiple quantum well (MQW: Multiple Multiplex Well) in which eight pairs of barrier layers 31 containing In _0.01 Ga _0.99 N and well layers 32 containing undoped In _0.15 Ga _0.85 N are alternately stacked. Quantum Well) structure is formed. Each thickness of the barrier layer 31 is, for example, 5.0 nm. The thickness of each well layer 32 is, for example, 2.5 nm. The growth temperature of the barrier layer 31 and the well layer 32 is, for example, 700 to 800 ° C. The barrier layer 31 may be doped with n-type impurities at about 1 × 10 ¹⁸ cm ⁻³ , and the barrier layer 31 may be undoped.

  An intermediate layer 40 m made of, for example, GaN is grown on the light emitting unit 30. The thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is set to 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less. In this specific example, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 5 nm.

A first layer 41 is grown on the intermediate layer 40m. For example, Al _0.05 Ga _0.95 N is used for the first layer 41. That is, the first Al composition ratio x1 is 0.05. The thickness of the first layer 41 is, for example, 5 nm.

A second layer 42 is grown on the first layer 41. For the second layer 42, Al _0.20 Ga _0.80 N is used. That is, the second Al composition ratio x2 is 0.20. The thickness of the second layer 42 is, for example, 5 nm. In this specific example, Al _0.20 Ga _0.80 N used for the second layer 42 is doped with, for example, about 4 × 10 ¹⁹ cm ^{−3 of} Mg. On the other hand, Al _0.05 Ga _0.95 N used for the first layer 41 is not doped with Mg. Thus, the p-type impurity concentration in the second layer 42 is higher than that in the first layer 41.

A p-type GaN layer 21 is grown on the second layer 42. The p-type GaN layer 21 is doped with Mg at about 1 × 10 ¹⁹ cm ⁻³ . The thickness of the p-type GaN layer 21 is, for example, about 50 nm. The growth temperature of the p-type GaN layer 21 is 1000 to 1100 ° C., for example.

A p-type GaN contact layer 22 is grown on the p-type GaN layer 21. For example, the p-type GaN contact layer 22 is doped with Mg at about 1 × 10 ²⁰ cm ⁻³ . The thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 22 is, for example, about 60 nm.

The following device process is performed on the wafer on which such sequential crystal growth has been performed.
A p-side electrode 81 made of indium tin oxide (ITO), for example, is formed on the p-type GaN contact layer 22. The thickness of ITO is, for example, 0.2 μm. An Au film having a thickness of, for example, 1.0 μm is formed as a p-side pad electrode 82 on a part of the ITO.

After the formation of the p-side electrode 81 (and the p-side pad electrode 82), dry etching is performed on a part of the laminated structure to expose a part of the n-type GaN layer 11, and the n-type GaN layer 11 is exposed. An n-side electrode 71 is formed in the part. As the n-side electrode 71, for example, a composite film of titanium-platinum-gold (Ti / Pt / Au) is used. The thickness of the Ti film is, for example, about 0.05 μm, the thickness of the Pt film is, for example, about 0.05 μm, and the thickness of the Au film is, for example, about 1.0 μm.
In this way, the semiconductor light emitting device 110 is manufactured.

  In a semiconductor light emitting device such as an LED, electrons tend to overflow from the light emitting unit 30. On the other hand, since the activation rate of p-type impurities is low, the hole carrier density tends to be low. Moreover, since the effective mass of holes is large in a nitride semiconductor, the diffusion length of holes tends to be small, and the injection efficiency of holes into the active layer needs to be improved.

According to the results of various experiments conducted by the inventors of the present application, in the case of a GaN-based LED using a quantum well structure containing In as an active layer, it is found that light emission from the quantum well layer on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side is dominant. It was. Further, in order to increase the efficiency of injecting holes into the active layer (light emitting unit 30), it is desirable to bring the electron overflow prevention layer made of AlGaN closer to the active layer in view of the diffusion length of the holes. It was found that if it was too close to the above, the influence of the spontaneous polarization of AlGaN would be applied to the quantum well layer containing In, and conversely the quantum efficiency would decrease.
The configuration of the embodiment of the present invention is constructed based on such knowledge.

  In the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the present embodiment, the second layer 42 is an AlGaN layer having a high Al composition, and functions as an electron overflow prevention layer that suppresses electron overflow.

  In order to enhance the effect of suppressing the overflow of electrons, it is desirable that the Al composition ratio in the electron overflow prevention layer is high. On the other hand, if the Al composition ratio in the electron overflow layer is too high, the energy band of the well layer 32 adjacent to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 is bent due to the influence of spontaneous polarization, and the light emission efficiency is lowered.

  In the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the present embodiment, an intermediate layer 40m that substantially does not contain Al from the light emitting unit 30 toward the p type semiconductor layer 20 between the light emitting unit 30 and the p type semiconductor layer 20. The first layer 41 having a low Al composition ratio and the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio are arranged in this order.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device according to the embodiment of the invention.
That is, this figure illustrates the change in the Al composition ratio Ax in the semiconductor layer from the light emitting portion 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 in the semiconductor light emitting device 110. In the figure, the horizontal axis is the Z-axis direction (stacking direction), and the vertical axis is the Al composition ratio Ax in the semiconductor layer.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the well layer 32 is disposed at the end of the light emitting unit 30 (the end on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side), and the Al composition ratio Ax in the well layer 32 is substantially zero. Even in the intermediate layer 40m, the Al composition ratio Ax is substantially zero. The Al composition ratio Ax in the first layer 41 is the first Al composition ratio x1, for example, 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less. The Al composition ratio Ax in the second layer 42 is the second Al composition ratio x2, for example, 0.1 or more and 0.2 or less.

  Thus, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110, the Al composition ratio Ax of the intermediate layer 40m, the first layer 41, and the second layer 42 provided between the light emitting unit 30 and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 is determined from the light emitting unit 30. It is gradually increased along the direction toward the p-type semiconductor layer 20. The intermediate layer 40m, which is a semiconductor layer in contact with the well layer 32 of the light emitting unit 30, does not substantially contain Al.

  With this configuration, since the Al composition ratio Ax is high between the light emitting unit 30 and the p-type semiconductor layer 20 on the side close to the p-type semiconductor layer 20, the effect of preventing electron overflow is sufficiently exhibited. Further, since Al is not substantially contained on the side close to the light emitting unit 30, adverse effects on the energy band characteristics of the well layer 32 due to spontaneous polarization in the AlGaN layer when Al is contained are suppressed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device according to the embodiment of the invention.
That is, this figure schematically illustrates energy band characteristics in the semiconductor layer from the light emitting unit 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 in the semiconductor light emitting device 110. In the figure, the horizontal axis is the Z-axis direction (stacking direction), and the vertical axis is the energy Eg. In the figure, the state of the conduction band CB and the characteristics of the valence band VB are illustrated.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110, desired energy band characteristics can be realized from the light emitting unit 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20.

That is, the energy characteristics of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are substantially the same as the energy characteristics of the other well layers 32. That is, the energy characteristics of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are not substantially affected by the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio Ax, for example.
As a result, it is possible to reduce the overflow of electrons and increase the efficiency of injecting holes into the active layer, thereby improving the light emission efficiency.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device of the comparative example.
That is, this figure illustrates the change in the Al composition ratio Ax in the semiconductor layer from the light emitting portion 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 in the semiconductor light emitting device 119 of the comparative example.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device of the comparative example.
That is, this figure schematically illustrates energy band characteristics in the semiconductor layer from the light emitting portion 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 in the semiconductor light emitting device 119 of the comparative example.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119 of the comparative example, the second layer 42 containing Al at a high composition ratio is provided adjacent to the well layer 32 of the light emitting unit 30.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the energy characteristics of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are different from the energy characteristics of the other well layers 32. That is, the energy band of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 is bent by spontaneous polarization in the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio. For this reason, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119 of the comparative example, the efficiency is lowered.

  On the other hand, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the embodiment, by providing the intermediate layer 40m and the first layer 41, the well layer 32 is affected by the spontaneous polarization of the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio Ax. Therefore, the energy band characteristic can be controlled to a desired state. As a result, it is possible to reduce the overflow of electrons and increase the efficiency of injecting holes into the active layer, and the luminous efficiency is high.

Hereinafter, the characteristic of the Example which concerns on embodiment is demonstrated with a comparative example.
The configurations of the semiconductor light emitting devices 110a to 110c of the first to third examples according to the embodiment are the same as those of the semiconductor light emitting device 110 illustrated in FIG.

(First embodiment)
In the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first embodiment, the intermediate layer 40m is GaN substantially not containing Al, and the thickness thereof is 5 nm. The first layer 41 is Al _0.01 Ga _0.99 N (that is, the first Al composition ratio x1 = 0.01), and the thickness thereof is 5 nm. The Mg concentration in the first layer 41 is a relatively low concentration of about 1 × 10 ¹⁷ cm ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ¹⁹ cm ⁻³ . The second layer 42 is Al _0.2 Ga _0.8 N (that is, the second Al composition ratio x2 = 0.2), and the thickness thereof is 5 nm. The Mg concentration in the second layer 42 is as high as about 1 × 10 ¹⁹ cm ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ²⁰ cm ⁻³ .

(Second embodiment)
In the semiconductor light emitting device 110b of the second embodiment, the first layer 41 is Al _0.01 Ga _0.99 N, and its thickness is 2.5 nm. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Third embodiment)
In the semiconductor light emitting device 110c of the third example, the first layer 41 is Al _0.01 Ga _0.99 N, and its thickness is 0.5 nm. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(First comparative example)
The configuration of the semiconductor light emitting device 119a of the first comparative example has the same configuration as the semiconductor light emitting device 119 of the comparative example illustrated in FIG. That is, the semiconductor light emitting device 119a does not include the intermediate layer 40m and the first layer 41. Other than that, it has the same configuration as the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first embodiment.
That is, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119 a of the first comparative example, the second layer 42 is provided in contact with the well layer 32 of the light emitting unit 30. The second layer 42 is Al _0.2 Ga _0.8 N, and its thickness is 5 nm. The Mg concentration in the second layer 42 is 1 × 10 ¹⁹ cm ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ²⁰ cm ⁻³ .

(Second comparative example)
The semiconductor light emitting device 119b of the second comparative example has an intermediate layer 40m, a first layer 41, and a second layer 42. That is, the configuration of the semiconductor light emitting device 119b is similar to the semiconductor light emitting device 110 illustrated in FIG. However, the intermediate layer 40m is thin. In the semiconductor light emitting device 119b, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 0.5 nm. Other configurations (for example, configurations of the first layer 41 and the second layer 42) are the same as those of the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first embodiment.

(Third comparative example)
The semiconductor light emitting device 119c of the third comparative example has an intermediate layer 40m, a first layer 41, and a second layer 42. That is, the configuration of the semiconductor light emitting device 119c is similar to the semiconductor light emitting device 110 illustrated in FIG. However, the intermediate layer 40m is thin. In the semiconductor light emitting device 119c, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 2.5 nm. Other configurations (for example, configurations of the first layer 41 and the second layer 42) are the same as those of the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device.
That is, this figure illustrates the characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting devices 110a to 110c of the first to third examples and the semiconductor light emitting devices 119a to 119c of the first to third comparative examples. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the current If applied to each semiconductor light emitting element, and the vertical axis represents the light emission efficiency Eff.
These semiconductor light emitting devices 110a to 110c and 119a to 119c are blue LEDs having a peak wavelength of 450 nm.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119a of the first comparative example in which the intermediate layer 40m is not provided, the light emission efficiency Eff is extremely small. This is because the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio Ax is in contact with the well layer 32 of the light emitting unit 30, and the characteristic of the energy Eg of the well layer 32 is degraded due to spontaneous polarization in the second layer 42. It is guessed that.

  Also in the semiconductor light emitting device 119b of the second comparative example in which the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 0.5 nm, the light emission efficiency Eff is low.

  In the semiconductor light emitting device 119c of the third comparative example in which the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 2.5 nm, the light emission efficiency Eff is increased compared with the semiconductor light emitting device 119b, but is insufficient.

  On the other hand, the semiconductor light emitting devices 110a to 110c of the first to third examples all showed high light emission efficiency Eff. In addition, since the high luminous efficiency is shown even if the thickness of the first layer 41 is 0.5 nm, when the thickness of the intermediate layer 40 m is about 5 nm, the thickness of the first layer 41 is about 0.5 nm. I know it ’s good.

  Thus, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 (semiconductor light emitting devices 110a to 110c) according to the embodiment, high luminous efficiency can be obtained if the intermediate layer 40m has a thickness of at least about 5 nm. When the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is, for example, 2.5 nm or less (for example, the semiconductor light emitting devices 119b and 119c of the second and third comparative examples), the light emission efficiency Eff is low.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating the simulation result of the characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device.
That is, FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C show the p-type from the light emitting portion 30 in the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first example and the semiconductor light emitting devices 119b and 119c of the second and third comparative examples. The result of having simulated the energy band characteristic in the semiconductor layer over the semiconductor layer 20 is illustrated.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119b of the second comparative example in which the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 0.5 nm, the energy characteristics of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are It is curved and the energy band is bent. This is considered to be the influence of the spontaneous polarization of the second layer 42 having a high Al composition ratio Ax, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 8B, in the semiconductor light emitting device 119c of the third comparative example in which the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 2.5 nm, the energy characteristics of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 are also present. After all, it is curvilinear and the bending of the energy band has not been fully eliminated.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8C, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 a of the first example in which the thickness of the intermediate layer 40 m is 5 nm, the energy of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20. The characteristic is linear and the bending of the energy band is sufficiently eliminated. Thereby, high luminous efficiency is obtained.

  Thus, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 3 nm or more.

Hereinafter, the characteristics of the light emission efficiency Eff and the voltage Vf of the semiconductor light emitting element will be described including the case where the intermediate layer 40m is thick.
(Fourth comparative example)
The semiconductor light emitting device 119d of the fourth comparative example has an intermediate layer 40m, a first layer 41, and a second layer 42. That is, the configuration of the semiconductor light emitting device 119d is similar to the semiconductor light emitting device 110 illustrated in FIG. However, the intermediate layer 40m is thick. In the semiconductor light emitting device 119d, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 10.0 nm. Other configurations (for example, configurations of the first layer 41 and the second layer 42) are the same as those of the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device.
9A and 9B show the light emission of the semiconductor light emitting device 110a of the first example and the semiconductor light emitting devices 119b, 119c, and 119d of the second, third, and fourth comparative examples. The efficiency Eff and the voltage Vf are illustrated. In these drawings, the horizontal axis represents the current If energized to each semiconductor light emitting element. The vertical axis | shaft of Fig.9 (a) is the luminous efficiency Eff. The vertical axis in FIG. 9B is the voltage Vf. FIG. 9C illustrates the relationship between the thickness tm of the intermediate layer 40m and the light emission efficiency Eff in these semiconductor light emitting devices. The horizontal axis of FIG. 9C is the thickness tm of the intermediate layer 40m, and the vertical axis is the luminous efficiency Eff when the current If is 20 mA.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, when the thickness tm of the intermediate layer 40m is as thin as 0.5 nm and 2.5 nm as in the semiconductor light emitting elements 119b and 119c, as in the semiconductor light emitting element 119d. Even when the thickness 40m of the intermediate layer 40m is excessively thick, the luminous efficiency Eff is low.

  As shown in FIG. 9C, when the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is about 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less, the luminous efficiency Eff shows a high value.

  As described above, when the thickness tm of the intermediate layer 40m is excessively thick, the luminous efficiency Eff is lowered because the mobility of holes is small in the nitride semiconductor and the hole active layer is thick when the intermediate layer 40m is thick. It is thought that this is because the efficiency of injection into (light emitting unit 30) decreases.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9B, the voltage Vf is high in the semiconductor light emitting device 119d with the thick intermediate layer 40. Also from this viewpoint, the thickness tm of the intermediate layer 40m is set appropriately.

  Thus, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate layer 40m is 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view illustrating characteristics of the semiconductor light emitting device according to the embodiment of the invention.
That is, FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C illustrate the characteristics of other semiconductor light emitting devices 111 to 113 according to the embodiment, respectively. These drawings illustrate changes in the Al composition ratio Ax in the semiconductor layer from the light emitting unit 30 to the p-type semiconductor layer 20. In these figures, the horizontal axis is the Z-axis direction (stacking direction), and the vertical axis is the Al composition ratio Ax in the semiconductor layer.

  As illustrated in FIG. 10A, another semiconductor light emitting device 111 according to the embodiment includes the first layer 41 and the second layer 42 in addition to the intermediate layer 40 m, the first layer 41, and the second layer 42. And a third layer 43 made of AlGaN having a third Al composition ratio x3 between the first Al composition ratio x1 and the second Al composition ratio x2.

  As illustrated in FIG. 10B, another semiconductor light emitting device 112 according to the embodiment includes the third layer 43 in addition to the intermediate layer 40 m, the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43. A fourth layer 44 made of AlGaN is further provided between the second layer 42 and having a fourth Al composition ratio x4 between the third Al composition ratio x3 and the second Al composition ratio x2.

In this way, a plurality of layers can be provided between the intermediate layer 40m that substantially does not contain Al and the second layer 42 that contains Al at a high composition ratio, and the Al composition ratio in the plurality of layers is Ascending from the intermediate layer 40 m toward the second layer 42.
The number of the plurality of layers provided between the intermediate layer 40m and the second layer 42 is arbitrary.

Furthermore, the Al composition ratio Ax may change within one layer.
As illustrated in FIG. 10C, another semiconductor light emitting device 113 according to the embodiment includes the first layer 41 and the second layer 42 in addition to the intermediate layer 40 m, the first layer 41, and the second layer 42. And a third layer 43 made of AlGaN having a third Al composition ratio x3 between the first Al composition ratio x1 and the second Al composition ratio x2, and an Al composition ratio Ax in the third layer 43 Rises along the direction from the light emitting unit 30 toward the p-type semiconductor layer 20.

  Also in the semiconductor light emitting devices 111 to 113 having such a configuration, the light emission efficiency can be improved.

  As described above, in the semiconductor light emitting device according to the embodiment, the configuration in which the Al composition ratio Ax increases (gradually increases) stepwise or continuously from the first layer 41 toward the second layer 42 is applied. The change characteristic of the Al composition ratio Ax is arbitrary.

In the configuration of the light emitting unit 30 of the semiconductor light emitting device 110 illustrated in FIG. 2, the light emitting unit 30 includes the barrier layer 31 provided on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20. Can further be included. At this time, in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 according to the embodiment, the barrier layer 31 does not substantially contain Al. That is, In _{z2Ga1 -z2N} (0 ≦ z2 <1) is used for the barrier layer 31. In this case, the total thickness of the barrier layer 31 and the intermediate layer 40m is 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less.

  Further, the intermediate layer 40m in the semiconductor light emitting device 110 can be regarded as the barrier layer 31 provided on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 in the light emitting unit 30. The barrier layer 31 provided on the p-type semiconductor layer 20 side of the well layer 32 closest to the p-type semiconductor layer 20 is regarded as the intermediate layer 40m.

In this specification, “nitride semiconductor” means B _x In _y Al _z Ga _1-xyz N (0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ z ≦ 1, x + y + z ≦ 1) Semiconductors having all compositions in which the composition ratios x, y, and z are changed within the respective ranges are included. Furthermore, in the above chemical formula, those further including a group V element other than N (nitrogen) and those further including any of various dopants added for controlling the conductivity type are also referred to as “nitride semiconductors”. Shall be included.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these specific examples. For example, specific elements such as an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, a light emitting portion, a well layer, a barrier layer, an intermediate layer, first to fourth layers, electrodes, a substrate, and a buffer layer included in the semiconductor light emitting device Even if the person skilled in the art has made various changes regarding the shape, size, material, arrangement relationship, etc. of the various configurations, the person skilled in the art can carry out the present invention in the same manner by appropriately selecting from the well-known ranges. As long as the above effect can be obtained, it is included in the scope of the present invention.
Moreover, what combined any two or more elements of each specific example in the technically possible range is also included in the scope of the present invention as long as the gist of the present invention is included.

  In addition, all semiconductor light-emitting elements that can be implemented by those skilled in the art based on the semiconductor light-emitting elements described above as embodiments of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention as long as they include the gist of the present invention. Belonging to.

  In addition, in the category of the idea of the present invention, those skilled in the art can conceive of various changes and modifications, and it is understood that these changes and modifications also belong to the scope of the present invention. .

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 ... Board | substrate, 6 ... Buffer layer, 10 ... N-type semiconductor layer, 11 ... N-type GaN layer, 12 ... N-type guide layer, 20 ... P-type semiconductor layer, 21 ... P-type GaN layer, 22 ... P-type GaN contact 30 ... Light-emitting portion, 31 ... Barrier layer, 32 ... Well layer, 40m ... Intermediate layer, 41-44 ... First to fourth layers, 71 ... n-side electrode, 81 ... p-side electrode, 82 ... p-side pad Electrode 110, 110a, 110b, 110c, 111-113, 119, 119a, 119b, 119c ... Semiconductor light emitting device, Ax ... Al composition ratio, CB ... conduction band, Eg ... energy, Eff ... luminous efficiency, If ... current, VB: Valence band, Vf: Voltage, tm: Thickness, x1 to x4: First to fourth composition ratios

Claims (3)

an n-type semiconductor layer including an n-type GaN layer;
An n-side electrode connected to the n-type semiconductor layer;
a p-type semiconductor layer including a p-type GaN layer and a p-type GaN contact layer laminated with the p-type GaN layer;
A p-side electrode connected to the p-type semiconductor layer;
A light emitting unit provided between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer and including a plurality of quantum well layers including a nitride semiconductor;
It is provided between the light emitting part and the p-type semiconductor layer, includes AlGaN having a first Al composition ratio of 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less, and has a thickness of 0.5 nanometers or more and 5 nanometers or less. The first layer;
A second layer including AlGaN provided between the first layer and the p-type semiconductor layer and having a second Al composition ratio of 0.1 to 0.2;
Between the first layer and the light emitting portion, the p-side quantum well layer closest to the p-type semiconductor layer among the plurality of quantum well layers is in contact with a thickness of 3 nanometers or more and 8 nanometers or less. An intermediate layer containing In _z1 Ga _{1 -z1} N (0 ≦ z1 <1) and having a p-type impurity concentration higher than that of the first layer;
A semiconductor light emitting device comprising:   And a third layer made of AlGaN provided between the first layer and the second layer and having a third Al composition ratio between the first Al composition ratio and the second Al composition ratio. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1.   3. The semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein an Al composition ratio gradually increases from the first layer toward the second layer.

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