JP2012052606A - Electromagnetic brake and elevator apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a bearing disposed between an electromagnet of an electromagnetic brake and a movable iron piece from being stuck by detecting wear of the bearing, that is, detecting a lateral position with respect to an output direction of the movable iron piece.SOLUTION: The electromagnetic brake is configured in such a manner that: pressure is applied to a braking piece 3 by a braking spring 5 directly or via a braking arm 4 as an interlocking means so as to push a brake drum 1 as a braked body to apply a braking force; a movable iron piece 11 is output by electromagnetic attraction by an electromagnet 8 composed of an electromagnetic coil 9 and a yoke 10; the braking piece 3 is driven directly or via an interlocking means to release the braking force, wherein relative positions of the electromagnet 8 and the movable body are detected by a position detecting means 16. The relative positions of the electromagnet 8 and the movable iron piece 11 are detected in terms of a lateral displacement of the movable iron piece 11 with respect to the output direction of electromagnetic suction. The lateral displacement is detected by the position detecting means 16 disposed in a center part of the movable iron piece 11 and the electromagnet 8.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electromagnetic brake and an elevator apparatus that apply braking by pressing a braking piece with a braking spring and release braking with an electromagnet.

  Conventionally, an electromagnetic brake mainly applies a pressing force directly to a braking piece by a braking spring or via a braking arm as an interlocking unit, presses a brake drum as a braked body, adds a braking force, and uses an electromagnet. The movable iron piece is electromagnetically attracted and output, and the braking piece is driven directly or via interlocking means to release the braking force.

  Then, the wear of the bearing provided between the electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake and the movable iron piece is detected, that is, the position in the lateral direction with respect to the output direction of the movable iron piece is detected, and the bearing becomes a movable body to prevent the astringency of the bearing. A position sensor that detects the position or displacement of the movable iron piece or a detection method using a laser, a microswitch, a displacement detector, a differential transformer, a mechanical contact, etc. as a displacement sensor (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 4) ) Is disclosed.

  Moreover, the shape (for example, refer patent document 5) of the magnetic pole surface in which electromagnetic attraction force generate | occur | produces between an electromagnet and an iron piece is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-330238 (FIG. 1) Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-98675 (FIG. 1) Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-336518 (Fig. 1) JP-A-8-59147 (FIGS. 1 and 8) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-68524 (FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8)

  1 of Patent Document 1 is a laser displacement meter, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2 is a microswitch, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 3 is a displacement detector, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 4 is a differential transformer, and FIG. The automatic switch is shown. However, both of these detections are in the output direction of the movable iron piece that is electromagnetically attracted to the electromagnet, and in the direction in which the bearing supporting the movable iron piece is worn, that is, in the direction transverse to the output direction of the movable iron piece. Absent. Therefore, there is a problem that the wear of the bearing cannot be detected, and the movable iron piece becomes hard.

  Patent Document 5 discloses a shape of a magnetic pole surface that is electromagnetically attracted between an electromagnet of an electromagnetic brake and a movable iron piece. FIG. 1 shows a planar shape, FIG. 5 shows a stepped cone shape, FIG. 6 shows a planar shape with irregularities, and FIG. 7 shows a cone shape. However, these shapes have a structure in which an electromagnetic attraction force in a lateral direction is remarkably applied to the output direction of the movable iron piece (vertical direction on the paper surface), and a resistance force is generated in the movement of the movable iron piece.

  The object of the present invention is to detect the wear of the bearing provided between the electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake and the movable iron piece, that is, to detect the position in the lateral direction with respect to the output direction of the movable iron piece, and to prevent the moving iron piece from becoming stuck. The object is to provide a highly reliable electromagnetic brake and elevator device.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a braking force is applied to the braking piece directly or via a braking arm as interlocking means with a braking spring to press a brake drum as a braked body and add a braking force, The movable iron piece is electromagnetically attracted and output by the electromagnet, and the braking piece is driven directly or via the interlocking means to release the braking force. The relative position between the electromagnet and the movable iron piece is detected by the position detecting means. In the electromagnetic brake, the relative position of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece is detected by a lateral displacement with respect to the output direction of the electromagnetic suction of the movable iron piece, and the lateral displacement is detected by the movable iron piece or the electromagnet. Detection is performed by position detecting means provided with a detection shaft fixed so that the annular holding member is inserted into one of the two and the annular holding member is inserted into the other.

  With this configuration, the wear of the bearing provided between the electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake and the movable iron piece is detected, that is, the relative position in the lateral direction with respect to the output direction of the movable iron piece is detected, and the moving iron piece is prevented from becoming stuck and reliable. A highly reliable electromagnetic brake can be obtained. In addition, the position detecting means is integrated and the installation structure is well organized.

  In the present invention, the annular holding member is concentric with one of the movable iron piece or the electromagnet, and the detection shaft is concentric with the other of the movable iron piece or the electromagnet provided with the annular holding member. It is characterized by being provided in a shape.

  With this configuration, it is possible to configure a detection unit that can detect the displacement of the relative position relatively easily, and the position detection unit is more integrated and has a well-organized installation structure.

  In the present invention, the position detecting means is any one of a switch means, a pressure sensitive means, a capacitance means, a magnetic means, and an optical means.

  With this configuration, an electromagnetic brake similar to that described above is obtained, and a general-purpose position detector is used.

  In the present invention, at least three position detection means are provided when the detection output is an ON-OFF signal.

With this configuration, an electromagnetic brake similar to that described above can be obtained, and position detection can be performed with at least three position detection means.

In the present invention, at least two of the position detection means are provided when the detection output is continuous, and are arranged so that the installation angle does not become 180 degrees.

  With this configuration, an electromagnetic brake similar to that described above can be obtained, and position detection can be performed with at least two position detection means.

  In the present invention, a drive sheave around which a wire rope that engages a passenger car on one side and a counterweight on the other side is wound, an electric motor that drives the drive sheave, and an electromagnetic brake device that brakes the drive sheave and the electric motor The electromagnetic brake device applies a pressing force to the braking piece directly or via a braking arm as interlocking means with a braking spring to press a brake drum as a braked body. This electromagnet is configured to apply a braking force, electromagnetically attract and output the movable iron piece with an electromagnet composed of an electromagnetic coil and a yoke, and drive the braking piece directly or via interlocking means to release the braking force. In the elevator apparatus equipped with an electromagnetic brake that detects the relative position of the movable iron piece by the position detecting means, the position detecting means can detect the relative position of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece. Detection is performed by lateral displacement with respect to the output direction of the electromagnetic attraction of the iron piece, and the lateral displacement is detected by using either the movable iron piece or the electromagnet with the annular holding member and the other with the annular holding member. It is characterized in that detection is performed by position detection means provided with the detection shafts fixed so as to be inserted through.

  With this configuration, a highly reliable elevator can be obtained.

  A highly reliable electromagnetic brake that detects the wear of the bearing provided between the electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake and the movable iron piece, that is, detects the position in the lateral direction with respect to the output direction of the movable iron piece to prevent the moving iron piece from becoming stuck. And you can get an elevator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a whole block diagram of the electromagnetic brake which becomes one Embodiment of this invention, and a schematic block diagram of an elevator using the same. It is sectional drawing of the electromagnetic drive means which provided the electrostatic capacity means as a position detection means in the center part of a movable iron piece and an electromagnet. It is an AA arrow line view which shows the plane of the electrostatic capacitance means of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing when the electromagnetic driving means is energized with an electromagnet. It is a BB arrow line view which shows the magnetic pole surface of FIG. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 illustrating a state where the electromagnet is energized and the movable iron piece is displaced laterally. It is CC arrow line view which shows the magnetic pole surface of FIG. FIG. 7 is a DD arrow view showing a plane of the capacitance means of FIG. 6. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 in which position detecting means for arranging three switch means on an annular holding member is provided at the center. FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 9 in which four switch means are arranged on the annular holding member. FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 9 in which position detection means for arranging three pressure-sensitive sensors on the annular holding member is provided at the center. FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 11 in which the pressure-sensitive sensor is arranged around the annular holding member. FIG. 9 equivalent view in which position detecting means for arranging two magnetic sensors on the annular holding member is provided at the center. FIG. 13 is a view corresponding to FIG. 13 in which position detection means for arranging two optical sensors or capacitance sensors on the annular holding member is provided at the center. FIG. 14 is a view corresponding to FIG. 13 showing an arrangement of at least two continuous detection sensors as position detection means. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 in which the capacitance means of FIG. 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic drive means as position detection means. It is an EE arrow line view of FIG. FIG. 17 is a view corresponding to FIG. 16 in which two capacitance means shown in FIG. 3 are provided on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic drive means as position detection means.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of an electromagnetic brake and an elevator apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a brake drum as a body to be braked. An electromagnetic brake device 2 is provided to brake the brake drum 1, and each is constituted by a pair of electromagnetic brakes 2a and 2b that function independently as brakes. The structure and configuration are as follows.

  A pair of braking pieces 3 abut on the braking surface 1a of the brake drum 1 from the left and right. Reference numeral 4 denotes a pair of braking arms as interlocking means. The braking piece 3 is provided in the intermediate portion 4c, and the one end portion 4a is rotatably supported. Reference numeral 5 denotes a pair of braking springs, which are arranged at the other end 4b of the braking arm 4 so that the braking piece 3 applies a pressing force to the braking surface 1a and applies a braking force. Reference numeral 6 denotes an L-shaped lever as interlocking means, which is rotatably supported by a pin 7. One side of the L-shaped lever 6 is connected to the other end 4b of the braking arm 4, and the other side of the L-shaped lever 6 is movable as described later. The shaft 12 is connected to the iron piece 11.

  A pair of electromagnets 8 are fixed so as to drive the other side of the L-shaped lever 6 with a shaft 12 coupled to the movable iron piece 11 so as to release the pressing force of the braking spring 5 and release the braking force. Provided. The electromagnetic drive means 13 includes an electromagnet 8, a movable iron piece 11, and a shaft 12. Each of the electromagnets 8 includes an electromagnetic coil 9 and a yoke 10, and a movable iron piece 11 is disposed so as to face the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet 8. The movable iron piece 11 is coupled to one end of a shaft 12 that is slidably supported at the central portion of the yoke 10, and the other end of the shaft 12 is connected to the other side of the L-shaped lever 6 and brakes via the L-shaped lever 6. The arm 4 is driven, and the brake piece 3 is integrally driven. In this embodiment, the movable iron piece 11 is operated in the vertical direction, and the L-shaped lever 6 is used to change the direction of movement in a substantially right-angle direction, and is operated in the left-right direction with the one end 4a of the braking arm 4 as the rotation center.

  That is, the electromagnetic brakes 2a and 2b are constituted by a braking piece 3, a braking arm 4, a braking spring 5, an L-shaped lever 6 and an electromagnetic driving means 13, and are installed substantially symmetrically. There is also a structure in which the braking arm 4 and the L-shaped lever 6 as interlocking means are not provided, and the braking piece 3 is directly pressed by the braking spring 5 and released directly by the movable iron piece 11. Is applicable. Reference numeral 14 denotes a coil excitation power supply that energizes the electromagnetic coil 9 of the pair of electromagnets 8 to control the current. Reference numeral 15 denotes a contact of an electromagnetic contactor that energizes and interrupts the electromagnetic coil 9 of the pair of electromagnets 8. Reference numeral 16 denotes a position detecting means for the movable iron piece 11. The movable iron piece 11 is electromagnetically attracted to detect the relative position in the lateral direction with respect to the output movable direction of the shaft 12.

  The electromagnetic brake device 2 is used, for example, in an elevator hoisting machine 17, a wire rope 19 is wound around a driving sheave 18 of the hoisting machine, a car 20 is engaged with one of the wire ropes 19 and a weight is balanced with the other. 21 is engaged, the drive sheave 18 is driven by the electric motor 17a of the hoisting machine 17, the wire rope 19 is driven, and the car 20 is operated up and down. At this time, the electromagnetic brake device 2 brakes the hoisting machine 17 when the electromagnet 8 is deenergized and stops and holds the car 20. Further, the energization of the electromagnet 8 releases the hoisting machine 17 so that the car 20 can be operated.

  The operation of the electromagnetic brakes 2a and 2b of this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 1 shows that the electromagnet 8 is in a braking applied state when the energization is cut off. When the contact 15 is connected and the electromagnet 8 is energized, the movable iron piece 11 is electromagnetically attracted, the shaft 12 is displaced downward on the paper surface, the L-shaped lever 6 is rotationally displaced, and rotates about the one end 4 a of the braking arm 4. displaced, the other end portion 4b of the brake arm 4 of the right and left side is displaced in the arrow Y _B direction, the braking piece 3 is displaced in the arrow Y _S direction, and braking is braking members 3 apart from the brake drum 1 surface Canceled. When the electromagnet 8 is de-energized, the brake applied state shown in FIG. 1 is restored.

  2 to 8, the shaft 12 coupled to the movable iron piece 11 is supported by a bearing 22, and when the electromagnet 8 is energized, the movable iron piece 11 is electromagnetically attracted and the shaft 12 slides downward in the drawing. The magnetic pole surface between the movable iron piece 11 and the electromagnet 8 is fitted in an uneven shape, for example. That is, a circular concave groove 11a is provided on the movable iron piece side, and a circular convex protrusion 10a is provided on the yoke 10 side of the electromagnet 8 so as not to contact the concave groove 11a.

  Reference numeral 23 denotes a gap holding piece, which maintains a constant gap between the magnetic pole surfaces of the electromagnet 8 when the movable iron piece 11 is electromagnetically attracted. A spring 24 prevents rattling between the movable iron piece 11 and the electromagnet 8.

  Reference numeral 25 denotes a capacitance means as the position detection means 16, which detects displacement by utilizing a change in capacitance between two conductors. The center of the electromagnet 8 and the movable iron piece 11, and FIG. It is arrange | positioned at the outer upper part of 2 paper surfaces. That is, 26 is an annular holding member, which is provided on a support shaft 27 erected from the central portion of the yoke 10 of the electromagnet 8 through the movable iron piece 11. A cylindrical conductor 28 on one side of the capacitance means 25 is disposed on the inner periphery of the annular holding member 26. Further, a detection shaft 29 is erected from the movable iron piece 11 as a conductor on the other side, and the two conductors are arranged and configured at regular intervals through the cylindrical conductor 28.

  In this state, when one conductor is grounded and a charge is applied to the other conductor, a potential difference is generated between the two conductors, and there is a certain relationship among the charge, potential, and capacitance. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in the lateral direction of the predetermined arrow Ya due to the wear of the bearing 22, the output of the electrostatic capacity means 25 changes, so that it is determined that there is an abnormality based on the change amount of this output.

  When the electromagnet 8 is energized, as shown in FIG. 4, the movable iron piece 11 is attracted and a certain gap is held by the gap holding piece 23. In the normal normal state, as shown in FIG. 5, the concave groove 11a and the convex protrusion 10a are fitted at equal intervals, and the transverse electromagnetic attractive force generated between the concave groove 11a and the convex protrusion 10a is balanced. is doing. However, when the movable iron piece 11 is displaced laterally together with the shaft 12 due to wear of the bearing 22 as shown in FIG. 6, the balance of the lateral electromagnetic attractive force between the convex protrusion 10a and the concave groove 11a is lost as shown in FIG. A lateral force acts in the arrow L direction on the side where the distance between the concave groove 11a and the convex protrusion 10a is narrow.

  With this force, the wear of the bearing 22 is further advanced. As the wear of the bearing 22 progresses, the shaft 12 comes into contact with the yoke 10 and becomes astringent, and does not function as the electromagnetic brakes 2a and 2b.

  The magnetic pole surface shape in which a lateral electromagnetic attractive force is generated between the electromagnet 8 and the magnetic pole surface of the movable iron piece 11 is, in particular, a stepped cone shape and a cone shape as shown in Patent Document 5 in addition to FIG. Yes, the magnetic flux passes laterally with respect to the output direction of the movable iron piece 11 (vertical direction on the paper surface), and the electromagnetic attracting force in the horizontal direction acts to become a frictional resistance force of the movement of the axis of the movable iron piece 11.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the position detection means 16 is eccentric in the cylindrical conductor 28 and the detection shaft 29, and the capacitance changes. That is, when the eccentricity s, the outer radius a of the detection shaft 29, the inner radius b of the cylindrical conductor 28, and the dielectric constant of air are ε, the electrostatic capacity C is expressed by the following equation: It is expressed in relation to the capacity C.

上式から静電容量Ｃを計測すれば偏芯量ｓ即ち可動鉄片１１の横方向変位が検知できる。そして、所定の横方向変位の静電容量Ｃとなると異常と判断する。

If the electrostatic capacitance C is measured from the above equation, the eccentricity s, that is, the lateral displacement of the movable iron piece 11 can be detected. And when it becomes the electrostatic capacitance C of a predetermined | prescribed horizontal displacement, it judges that it is abnormal.

  As described above, the effect of this embodiment is that the lateral displacement of the movable iron piece of the electromagnetic brake is detected by the electrostatic capacity means as the position detection means. A highly reliable electromagnetic brake can be obtained. Moreover, since it comprised so that it might detect with one electrostatic capacitance type position detection means in the center part of an electromagnet and a movable iron piece, the effect which can be made into the installation structure which is united and united by non-contact is acquired.

  Next, a second embodiment will be described based on FIGS.

This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the switch means for outputting an ON-OFF signal such as a micro switch as the position detection means 16 is used as the center part of the electromagnet 8 and the movable iron piece 11. At least three. The same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  Reference numeral 30 denotes a switch means for outputting an ON-OFF signal such as a microswitch as the position detection means 16. The switch means 30 is provided on the annular holding member 26 and is determined to be abnormal so as to detect the relative position in the lateral direction of the movable iron piece 11. Are arranged at the detection distance G. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to wear of the bearing 12, the switch means 30 operates to output an ON or OFF signal and determine that it is abnormal.

  9 to 10, at least three switch means 30 are provided. In other words, in FIG. 9, with one switch means 30a arranged, displacement in the direction F toward the switch means 30a can be detected, but displacement in the direction H perpendicular to the direction H and the direction F away from the switch means 30a cannot be detected. Further, in the two arrangements of the switch means 30a and 30b, the displacement in the direction toward the switch means 30a and 30b can be detected in the same manner as in the one arrangement, but the displacement in the direction J away from the two switch means 30a and 30b is detected. There is a problem that it is not possible.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, for example, if three switch means 30a, 30b, 30c are arranged at intervals of α = 120 degrees in the circumferential direction, detection is possible. The displacement toward the switch means 30a, 30b with respect to the displacement D in the middle direction of the switch means 30a, 30b is D × cos (α / 2) = 0.5, and the detection sensitivity is halved. In consideration of the decrease, the detection distance G of the switch means 30a, 30b is set. The displacement in the direction J away from the two switch means 30a and 30b can be detected by the switch means 30c.

  The same applies to detection between the switch means 30b and 30c and detection between the switch means 30c and 30a. In the above description, the switch means 30a, 30b, and 30c are installed at equal intervals of α = 120 degrees in the circumferential direction. However, it is obvious that lateral displacement can be detected even if they are installed at unequal intervals. In this case, since the detection sensitivity differs depending on the installation interval angle of the switch means 30a, 30b, 30c, the detection distances Ga, Gb, Gc are set, respectively.

  FIG. 10 shows a case where four switch means 30a, 30b, 30c, and 30d are arranged at intervals of approximately β = 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The detection sensitivity is improved as compared with the case of three in FIG. 7. For example, the displacement toward the switch means 30a, 30b with respect to the displacement D in the intermediate direction of the switch means 30a, 30b is D × cos (β / 2) = It becomes 0.707, and the sensitivity improves compared with the case of three. That is, the detection sensitivity improves as the number of the switch means 30 arranged increases.

  The effect of this embodiment is that, as in the first embodiment, a highly reliable electromagnetic brake is obtained by detecting the wear of the bearing to prevent solidity, and the lateral displacement of the movable iron piece of the electromagnetic brake is obtained. Since three or more general-purpose switch means for outputting an ON-OFF signal such as a micro switch as a position detection means are detected, an inexpensive and simple configuration is possible.

Next, a third embodiment will be described based on FIG.

  This embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments in that the lateral displacement of the movable iron piece 11 is applied to the inner peripheral portion of the annular holding member 26 with pressure-sensitive means such as a piezoelectric sensor and a conductive sensor as the position detecting means 16. It was to have more than one. The same parts as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 11, 31 is a pressure-sensitive means, which is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the annular holding member 26, and detects the relative position in the lateral direction via the detection shaft 29 erected from the movable iron piece 11 shown in FIG. As described above, the detection intervals G are determined to be abnormal. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to the wear of the bearing 22 shown in FIG. 4 and the detection shaft 29 comes into contact with the pressure-sensitive means 31, the pressure-sensitive means 31 outputs an ON-OFF detection signal to cause an abnormality. Judge. The detection distance G with the movable iron piece 11 is the same as that in the second embodiment. At this time, as in the second embodiment, at least three pressure-sensitive means 31 are provided.

  The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment.

  Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  This embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that pressure sensing means as the position detection means 16 is provided on the entire inner circumference of the annular holding member 26. The same parts as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 12, reference numeral 32 denotes an annular pressure-sensitive means, which is disposed on the entire inner peripheral portion of the annular holding member 26. It arrange | positions with the predetermined | prescribed detection distance G judged to be abnormal so that the relative position of a horizontal direction may be detected via the detection shaft 29 standingly arranged from the movable iron piece 11. FIG. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to wear of the bearing 22 and the detection shaft 29 comes into contact with the pressure-sensitive means 32, the pressure-sensitive means 32 outputs a detection signal and determines that it is abnormal.

  The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and the detection sensitivity is high and even regardless of the position on the circumference where the entire circumference is detected.

  Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  This embodiment differs from the second to fourth embodiments in that the position detection means 16 is a magnetic means such as a differential transformer capable of continuously detecting the position, an optical means such as a laser sensor, or a capacitance sensor. The electrostatic capacity means is provided on the circumference of the annular holding member 26. The same parts as those in the second to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In FIG. 13, 33 is a magnetic means provided on the inner periphery of the annular holding member 26. The detector 34 is disposed in contact with the detection shaft 29 so as to detect the relative position in the lateral direction of the movable iron piece 11 via the detection shaft 29. The magnetic means 33 continuously detects and outputs the displacement of the movable iron piece 11 in the lateral direction. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to the wear of the bearing 22 shown in FIG. 4 and the magnetic means 33 has a predetermined output, it is determined as abnormal.

  In FIG. 14, the optical means 35 or the capacitance means 36 is provided on the inner periphery of the annular holding member 26. The optical sensor 35 or the electrostatic capacity sensor 36 is disposed in a non-contact manner facing the detection shaft 29 so as to detect the relative position of the movable iron piece 11 in the lateral direction via the detection shaft 29. Continuous detection and output for lateral displacement. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to the wear of the bearing 22 shown in FIG. 4, the optical means 35 or the electrostatic capacity means 36 is determined to be abnormal.

  Note that at least two position detecting means 16 of the magnetic means 33, the optical means 35, and the electrostatic capacity means 36 are provided. That is, in FIG. 15, for example, the detection direction displacement of one arrangement of the position detection means 16a can be detected both in the direction toward and away from the position detection means 16a, but the displacement in the direction perpendicular to the detection direction of the position detection means 16a is There is a problem that it cannot be detected. Therefore, two position detecting means 16a and 16b are arranged at intervals of approximately γ = 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. That is, similar to the description in FIGS. 9 and 10, for example, the displacement in the direction toward and away from the position detection means 16a, 16b is D × with respect to the displacement D in the intermediate direction of the position detection means 16a, 16b. cos (γ / 2) = 0.707, which can be detected although the sensitivity decreases. And the position detection means 16 is arrange | positioned in consideration of the fall of this sensitivity. In addition, the detection sensitivity is improved as the number of the position detection means 16 is increased. However, when the two position detection means are arranged such that γ = 180 degrees, the right angle direction connecting the two position detection means cannot be detected, so the arrangement is made so that γ = 180 degrees is not established. It is clear that the detection sensitivity improves as the number of the position detection means 16 is increased.

  The effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the second to fourth embodiments, and since the output with respect to the displacement is continuous, the position can be detected by at least two position detecting means.

  Next, a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the capacitance means 25 as the position detection means 16 described in the first embodiment is provided on the outer periphery of the electromagnet 8 and the movable iron piece 11. . The same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In FIGS. 16 and 17, reference numeral 25 denotes a capacitance means 25 as the position detection means 16. Reference numeral 26 denotes an annular holding member which is disposed on the movable iron piece 11 side and provided with a detection shaft 29 provided on the yoke 10 side. The annular holding member 26 is penetrated. A cylindrical conductor 28 on one side of the capacitance means 25 is disposed on the inner periphery of the annular holding member 26. Further, the detection shaft 29 is used as the conductor on the other side, and the two conductors are configured to pass through the cylindrical conductor 28 with a gap therebetween. When the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in a predetermined lateral direction due to wear of the bearing 22 and the detection shaft 29 is displaced, the output of the electrostatic capacitance means 25 changes. Yes. In addition, the annular holding member 26 and the detection shaft 29 may be arranged in reverse, and may be arranged on the yoke 10 side and the movable iron piece 11 side, respectively.

  By the way, in this embodiment, there is a problem that it cannot be detected if the movable iron piece 11 is displaced in the lateral direction with the arrow K in the vertical direction on the paper surface around the detection axis 29 of the capacitance means 25 shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, the above problem can be solved by providing at least two electrostatic capacity means 25 on the circumference of the movable iron piece 11.

  The abnormality detection signal by the position detection means 16 described in the first to sixth embodiments is used in, for example, the elevator described in FIG. 1, and when the abnormality is detected, the elevator is driven to the nearest floor. Stop. As a result, a highly reliable elevator is obtained.

  The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the electrostatic capacity means is provided on the outer periphery of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece, so that the electrostatic capacity means can be easily attached.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Brake drum 2 Electromagnetic brake device 2a, 2b Electromagnetic brake 3 Brake piece 4 Brake arm 5 Brake spring 8 Electromagnet 11 Movable iron piece 16 Position detection means 17 Hoisting machine 17a Electric motor 18 Drive sheave 19 Wire rope 20 Carriage 21 Balance weight 30, 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d Switch means 31 Pressure sensitive means 33 Magnetic means 35 Optical means 36 Capacitance means

Claims (6)

Apply a pressing force to the braking piece directly or via a braking arm as interlocking means with a braking spring, press the brake drum as a braked body, apply braking force, and electromagnetically attract and output the movable iron piece with an electromagnet In the electromagnetic brake configured to release the braking force by driving the braking piece directly or via the interlocking means, and detecting the relative position of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece by the position detection means,
The relative position of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece is detected by a lateral displacement with respect to the output direction of the electromagnetic attraction of the movable iron piece, and the lateral displacement is detected by either the movable iron piece or the electromagnet. An electromagnetic brake characterized in that the annular holding member is detected by position detecting means provided with detection axes fixed so that the annular holding member is inserted through the other.   The annular holding member is provided concentrically with one of the movable iron piece or the electromagnet, and the detection shaft is provided concentrically with the movable iron piece or the electromagnet provided with the annular holding member. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1.   2. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein the position detecting means is one of a switch means, a pressure sensitive means, a capacitance means, a magnetic means, and an optical means.   2. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein at least three position detection means are provided when the detection output is an ON-OFF signal.   2. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the position detection means are provided when the detection output is continuous, and are arranged so that the installation angle does not become 180 degrees. A winding sheave including a car sheave on one side and a wire sheave on which the wire rope that engages the counterweight on the other side is wound, an electric motor that drives the driving sheave, and an electromagnetic brake device that brakes the driving sheave and the electric motor. The electromagnetic brake device is provided with an upper machine, and a braking force is applied to the braking piece directly or via a braking arm as interlocking means by a braking spring to press a brake drum as a braked body and add a braking force, The movable iron piece is electromagnetically attracted and output by an electromagnet composed of an electromagnetic coil and a yoke, and the braking piece is driven directly or via an interlocking means to release the braking force. The relative position of the electromagnet and the movable iron piece In an elevator apparatus equipped with an electromagnetic brake that detects the position with a position detecting means,
The position detecting means detects a relative position between the electromagnet and the movable iron piece by a lateral displacement with respect to an output direction of the electromagnetic attraction of the movable iron piece, and the lateral displacement is detected by the movable iron piece or the electromagnet. An elevator apparatus characterized in that detection is performed by position detection means provided with a detection shaft fixed so that an annular holding member is inserted into one of the two and the annular holding member is inserted into the other.

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