JP2012047613A - Method and system for measuring particle size of blast muck pile - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and system which is capable of measuring particle sizes of muck piles immediately after blast, at the face immediately after blast.SOLUTION: A plurality of scales 10 which emit infrared light with a prescribed intensity and have a prescribed size are placed on deposits of blast muck piles 3 at a face 1 which have occurred by rock blasting drilling, and a temperature distribution image Q of the deposits of muck piles 3 including the scales 10 is picked up by an infrared camera 20, and profiles of respective muck piles 3 and scales 10 are extracted from the temperature distribution image Q, and particle sizes of respective muck piles 3 are measured by the profiles and the prescribed size of the scales 10. Preferably, a plurality of temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 are picked up in time series from one viewpoint P by the infrared camera 20, and profiles of respective muck piles 3 and scales 10 are extracted from the plurality of images Q1 to Q4 by an image processor 25. For example, the temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 are picked up while continuously blowing the deposits of muck piles. Preferably, one end of a string 15 having a required length is attached to each scale 10, and the scale can be placed on the deposits by throwing.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and system for measuring the particle size of blasting shear, and more particularly to a method and system for measuring the particle size of blasting shear that occurs during excavation of rock in the blasting method.

  For example, when excavating a mountain tunnel or the like in hard rock or medium hard rock, a blasting method (blasting excavation) is performed. In the blasting method, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), a blast hole 2 having an appropriate pattern (blasting specification) is provided in the rock face 1 along the tunnel axis direction, and the explosive is embedded. Are sequentially excavated to excavate a tunnel mine having a predetermined cross-sectional shape by a predetermined distance (for example, 1 to 3 m). After the gas and dust at the time of blasting have been appropriately diluted, the rock (hereinafter referred to as blasting slurries) 3 crushed by blasting and scattered in front of the face as shown in FIG. At the temporary storage place outside the mine, the necessary support and lining are built in the excavated face 1 and the next blast excavation is repeated. The blasting method in the broad sense is implemented not only in the mine, but also in open pit digging in open spaces in quarries and mines (light blasting), but this specification covers the blasting method carried out in the mine.

  In the conventional blasting method, a part of the generated blasting gap is used as a roadbed material or embankment material in the tunnel site, and the remaining part is transported to a remaining soil disposal site away from the site by a dump truck or the like and disposed. However, in recent years, from the viewpoint of preventing global warming, it has been recommended to reduce the amount of disposal by truck transportation accompanied by carbon dioxide emission and to secondary use blasting as concrete aggregate (Non-patent Document 1). reference). In order to promote secondary use of blasting debris, reduce the amount of post-processing (for example, secondary crushing and crushed stone) that adjusts the granularity of the debris as much as possible, and make the debris generated at the time of blasting as appropriate according to the purpose of use Therefore, it is important to obtain the particle size distribution of the blasting shear. For example, research to elucidate the relationship between the particle size distribution of blasting dust and the mechanism (specification) of blasting (see Non-Patent Document 2) has been conducted, and in order to adjust the blasting specification according to the purpose of use, It is necessary to determine the particle size distribution. In addition, when the particle size of the blasting dust is secondarily processed (pulverization, crushed stone, etc.) in the post-treatment, the particle size distribution of the blasting dust is useful as quantitative evidence for calculating the secondary throughput. .

  In the conventional blasting method, the particle size distribution of blasting dust is hardly measured, but in general, the particle size distribution of a granular material such as blasting dust is a particle size accumulation curve (grain A semi-logarithmic graph in which the diameter is the horizontal axis (logarithmic axis) and the mass percentage of the whole of the granular material having the particle size or less is the vertical axis (linear axis). Further, since blasting is generally large in particle size and it is often difficult to obtain the particle size distribution by sieving, it has also been proposed to obtain the particle size distribution by image analysis technology (see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4). ). For example, Non-Patent Document 3 shoots a digital visible light image G (see FIG. 8A) by placing a scale on a deposit of blasting debris carried to a temporary storage site outside a mine after blasting, and the image is taken. A method for measuring the particle size distribution of blasting from G is proposed.

  Methods for measuring the particle size distribution of a granular material from the visible light image G are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, for example. First, as shown in FIG. 8, a digital image G of the deposit of the granular material T is input to a computer, and the image G is binarized based on shadows and the like, and methods such as labeling and pattern matching are performed as necessary. It is used to detect the contour (edge) of each granular material T. Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the particle diameter d (or the minor axis a and the major axis b from the elliptical shape fitted to the contour) is obtained from the area equivalent diameter of the contour of each granular material T, and the particle diameter d (or the minor axis a -Determine the particle size distribution by creating a histogram of major axis b). If necessary, correction based on calibration (for example, correction according to the type of rock and blasting mechanism) makes the particle size distribution (histogram) by image processing closer to the particle size distribution (particle size accumulation curve) by sieving. be able to. The particle size distribution (particle size accumulation curve) of the blasting debris carried out to the temporary storage can also be obtained by the same method as in FIGS.

JP 2003-010726 A JP 2006-078234 A JP 2009-036533 A

Katsunori Fukui et al. “Effective use of shear generated by tunnel excavation for concrete aggregate” Resources and materials, Vol. 120, 2004, 380-387 pages Japan Explosives Association Technical Department "Anna Blasting / Blasting Blast-Blast Case Collection", published in March 2002, Internet (URL: http://www.j-kayaku.jp/publication/index.html) Katsunori Fukui et al. “Granularity distribution of tunnel excavation” Resources and materials, Vol. 119, 2003, 640-646. “Split-Desktop lock fragmentation measurement software”, Split Engineering LLC, April 2010, Internet (URL: http://www.splitting.com/split-desktop/)

  However, in the particle size distribution measurement method for blasting debris carried out to the temporary storage site as in Non-Patent Document 3, this blasting debris is mixed with the previous blasting debris in the temporary storage site, so It becomes difficult to obtain the reflected particle size distribution. As described above, in order to adjust the blasting specification so that the grain size is suitable for secondary use, immediately after the blasting, measure the blasting shear size distribution that reflects the specification and adjust the next blasting specification. It is necessary to determine the particle size distribution of the blasting shear around the face before being transported to a temporary storage area and mixed with the shearing of different blasting specifications.

  However, the area around the face immediately after blasting is a very dark environment with almost no lighting and is filled with gas and dust from blasting, so the image G required for measuring the particle size distribution is the same as the temporary storage place outside the mine. I can't get it. According to the preliminary experiment of the present inventor, in the visible light image G of the dust deposit photographed in the vicinity of the face immediately after the blasting, the image is blurred and the dust is also reflected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It is difficult to extract the outline of the gap (granular material T). It is conceivable to wait for the gas and dust to disappear, and then prepare the lighting and take the image G. From the viewpoint of the progress of the construction, carry out the blasting removal immediately after the gas and dust have disappeared. It is necessary to start, and it is not desirable to pause (interfere) the shifting operation for taking the image G. In order to measure the grain size of the blasting gap around the face immediately after blasting, it is necessary to develop a technique for obtaining an image that can detect the outline of the blasting gap even in a dark environment where dust or the like is scattered.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system capable of measuring the particle size of blasting shear at the face immediately after blasting.

  The present inventor has paid attention to the fact that the blasting gap is heated. In general, the gap around the face immediately after blasting is heated by blasting, and when the face is hot like the underground rock in a hot spring area, the blasting gap is also hot. Further, the amount of heat of each blasting gap is not necessarily uniform and is different for each gap, and even within a single gap, the amount of heat is different between the central portion and the peripheral portion. According to the inventor's preliminary experiment, if the temperature distribution image Q (for example, see FIG. 5) of the deposit immediately after the blasting is photographed, the outline of the blasting shear can be detected from the shadow in the visible light image G. In the same manner as described above, it is possible to extract the outline of the blasting shear from the temperature distribution in the temperature distribution image Q and obtain the particle size of each blasting shear. In addition, since infrared rays have a longer wavelength and are less likely to scatter compared to visible light, it is possible to capture an image Q of a deposit by transmitting even under an environment around a face filled with gas or dust. The present invention has been completed as a result of research and development based on this idea.

  Referring to the flow chart of FIG. 1, the particle size measurement method for blasting shear according to the present invention is a plurality of a predetermined size that emits infrared rays with a predetermined intensity on a deposit of blasting shear 3 of a face 1 generated during blast excavation of a rock mass. The temperature distribution image Q (see, for example, FIG. 5) of the deposit of the slip 3 including the scale 10 is photographed by the infrared camera 20 (step S003), and the temperature distribution image Q is taken from the temperature distribution image Q. The outline of each gap 3 and scale 10 is extracted, and the particle diameter of each gap 3 is measured from the outline and a predetermined size of scale 10 (steps S008 to S009).

  Further, referring to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the particle size measuring system for blasting shears according to the present invention is placed on the deposit of blasting shearing 3 of the face 1 generated during the blasting excavation of the rock mass and emits infrared rays with a predetermined intensity. A plurality of scales 10 of a predetermined size (see FIG. 2C), and an infrared camera 20 that captures a temperature distribution image Q (see, for example, FIG. 5) of the deposit of the slip 3 including the scale 10 (see FIG. 2D) 2), and an image processing device 25 that extracts the outline of each gap 3 and the scale 10 from the temperature distribution image Q and measures the particle diameter of each gap 3 from the outline and a predetermined size of the scale 10. ))).

  Preferably, as shown in steps S003 to S005 in FIG. 1, a plurality of temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 (see, for example, FIGS. 4 to 7) are taken over time from the same viewpoint P by the infrared camera 20, and the image processing apparatus 25, the outlines of the respective slips 3 and the scale 10 are extracted from the plurality of images Q1 to Q4. In this case, a plurality of temperature distribution images Q <b> 1 to Q <b> 4 may be taken while continuously blowing air on the deposit of the gap 3.

  More preferably, as shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), the scale 10 is a hollow spherical body 10a, 10b in which a heat generating material 11 having a temperature different from that of the slot 3 is built. Desirably, one end of a string 15 having a required length is attached to the scale 10 as shown in the figure, and the scale 10 can be placed on the deposit of the slip 3 by throwing from the holding position of the other end of the string 15. . If necessary, as shown in FIGS. 3 (C) and 2 (D), the scale 10 includes a scale 10c having an infrared reflective material 12 applied on the surface thereof, and illumination 22 for irradiating the infrared camera 20 with infrared rays. The infrared reflection image R of the deposit of the gap 3 can be taken, and the outline of each gap 3 can be extracted from the temperature distribution image Q and the infrared reflection image R of the deposit of the blast gap 3.

  The particle size measuring method and system for blasting blast according to the present invention includes a plurality of scales 10 having a predetermined size for emitting infrared rays on a deposit of blasting blasting 3 by blasting excavation of a rock mass, and includes the scale 10. The temperature distribution image Q of the deposit of the slip 3 is taken by the infrared camera 20, the contour of each slip 3 and the scale 10 is extracted from the temperature distribution of the image Q, and the particle size of each slip 3 is measured. There is an advantageous effect.

(A) By using the temperature distribution image Q, the contour is extracted from the difference in the temperature distribution of each blast shear 3 even in a dark environment around the face where it is difficult to detect the contour of the blast shear 3 by the visible light image G. Can do.
(B) Further, by using infrared rays that are less likely to scatter than visible light, it is possible to obtain an image Q capable of measuring the particle size of each blasting gap 3 even in the vicinity of the face immediately after blasting, which is filled with gas or dust. .
(C) By imprinting a plurality of scales 10 of a predetermined size on the temperature distribution image Q, the depth of the deposit is detected from the size of each scale 10 in the image Q, and the shooting distances in the image Q are different. It becomes possible to accurately measure the particle size of each blasting gap 3.
(D) If a plurality of temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 of the deposit are taken over time, for example, different temperature distributions of the images Q1 to Q4 are combined to emphasize the outline of each blasting gap 3, The accuracy of extracting the outline of the blasting gap 3 and the accuracy of measuring the particle diameter can be increased.
(E) If a string 15 of a required length is attached to the scale 10 and the scale 10 can be placed on the deposit by throwing from a remote position, the scale 10 approaches the unstable face immediately after blasting. It is possible to measure the particle size of the blasting slot 3 without any problems.
(F) The next blasting gap is suitable for secondary use by finding the particle size distribution of the blasting blast reflecting the blasting specifications quickly and safely in the vicinity of the face immediately after blasting and leading to the adjustment of the next blasting specification. It can be expected that the particle size distribution will be close to that of the blast, and it can contribute to the promotion of secondary use of blasting.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments and examples for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is an example of the flowchart which shows the process of the particle size measuring method by this invention. It is one Example using the particle size measurement system by this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the scale used by this invention. It is an example of the temperature distribution image of the experiment which confirmed the effect of the particle size measuring method by this invention. FIG. 4 is another example of the temperature distribution image of the experiment that continues over time. FIG. 5 is still another example of the temperature distribution image of the experiment that continues over time. FIG. 6 is still another example of the temperature distribution image of the experiment that continues over time. It is explanatory drawing of the prior art which extracts the outline of a granular material from the visible light image of a granular material deposit. It is explanatory drawing of the prior art which measures a particle size from the outline of a granular material.

  FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a particle size measuring method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the flow chart is applied to blast excavation such as a mountain tunnel. In step S001 of FIG. 1, as described above with reference to FIG. 2A, the rock face 1 is provided with the blast hole 2 having a predetermined pattern (adjusted blast specification), the gunpowder is embedded, and the face 1 is excavated. The same processing as the conventional blasting method is shown. As shown in FIG. 2 (B), rocks crushed by blasting accumulate in front of the face and become blasting dust 3, but immediately after blasting, gas and dust are filled in the vicinity of the face 1, so Carrying out of the mine (slip out, step S007) waits until the gas and dust disappear. The flow chart of FIG. 1 takes a temperature distribution image Q (including a visible light image G if possible) necessary for measuring the particle size of the blasting gap 3 by using the waiting time from immediately after the blasting to the gaping. (Steps S002 to S006).

  First, in step S002, a plurality of scales 10 having a predetermined size for emitting infrared rays are placed on the deposit of the blasting gap 3 of the face 1 (see FIG. 2C). In the conventional particle size measurement method using the visible light image G, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the granular material to be measured is spread out in a plane, and the shooting distance is equal to each granular material, for example, from above. The image G is often taken. However, in situations where quick shooting is required during the waiting time immediately after the blasting, it is difficult to adopt a time-consuming method of shooting the blasting gap 3 in a plane and shooting from above, which is three-dimensional. It is necessary to photograph the deposit of the blasting gap 3 piled up as a deep image from a position in front of the face. The scale 10 in the illustrated example detects the depth of the deposit (the entire three-dimensional shape) from the size of each scale 10 in the image, and accurately determines the particle size of each blasting shear 3 having a different shooting distance in the image. It is for measurement, and is preferably installed at a plurality of positions (for example, the top, middle and bottom of the deposit) having different depth directions (shooting distances) when viewed from the shooting position.

  The scale 10 can emit infrared rays having a predetermined intensity that can be distinguished from the blasting gap 3 so that the scale 10 can be identified from the blasting gap 3 in the temperature distribution image Q described later. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the scale 10 is composed of a pair of split hollow spheres 10a and 10b (for example, made of lightweight aluminum), and a heat generating material is formed between the hollow spheres 10a and 10b. (For example, a heated liquid or the like) 11 is built into the hollow spherical scale 10. In general, the higher the temperature of the exothermic material 11, the greater the intensity of the infrared rays radiated. However, the temperature of the exothermic material 11 can be determined so that it can be distinguished from the infrared rays emitted by the blasting dust 3 at the blasting site. Further, simply, as shown in FIG. 3B, the exothermic substance 11 containing the reaction catalyst on the inner surface of the hollow spheres 10a and 10b (for example, a portable warmer using the oxidation action of iron powder as the exothermic substance) ) May be attached to form an infrared radiation type spherical scale 10.

  The spherical scale 10 as shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B) can be photographed as the same circular image even if the photographing directions are different, and is particularly limited to the installation direction (installation posture) on the deposit. Since it is easy to install, there is no need to re-install it even if the position and posture of the scale 10 are slightly shifted on the piled up piled up in an unstable state of the blasting gap 3 It is suitable for the present invention that requires However, the scale 10 used in the present invention is not limited to a spherical shape. For example, a heat generating material may be applied to or built in a rod-shaped scale 10d as shown in FIG. Is possible. The rod-shaped scale 10d as shown in the example is installed on the deposit at a plurality of positions in different depth directions (photographing distances) at right angles, so that the depth of the deposit is determined from the length of each rod-shaped scale 10d in the image. It is possible to detect (the three-dimensional shape of the entire deposit) and measure the particle size of the blasting shear 3 having different depth directions.

  Preferably, one end of a string 15 having a required length is attached to the scale 10 as shown in FIGS. Generally, the bedrock near the face 1 immediately after blasting may be unstable, and the blasting shear 3 is also piled up in an unstable state. S002) is often dangerous. If the string 15 of the required length is attached to the scale 10, for example, the other end of the string 15 is held at the photographing position P far away from the face, and the scale 10 is thrown onto the deposit from the photographing position P. The scale 10 can be placed on the deposit. If the position and posture of the scale 10 thrown in are not suitable for photographing, the position and posture on the sludge deposit can be easily obtained by using the string 15 to collect the scale 10 at the photographing position P and re-insert it. It can also be corrected. In addition, the collection of the scale 10 after the completion of image capture (step S007) is facilitated.

  Next, in step S003 in FIG. 1, the infrared camera 20 is installed at the photographing position P, and a temperature distribution image (infrared thermography) Q of the deposit on which the scale 10 is placed is photographed (see FIG. 2D). An example of the infrared camera 20 in the illustrated example is a device (infrared thermograph) that detects the intensity of infrared energy (mainly far infrared rays) emitted from the deposit and the scale 10, and the intensity is converted into an apparent temperature. The temperature distribution is visualized and displayed as an image. For example, as shown in the example, the camera 20 includes a tripod 21, and the camera 20 is fixed at a shooting position P far away from the face and the deposit 20 is photographed, whereby the surface temperature of each blast slot 3 that emits infrared rays. And a temperature distribution image Q that can relatively compare the surface temperature of the scale 10 can be obtained.

  4-7 is a photograph which shows the experimental result which confirmed whether the outline of each rock grain was extractable from the temperature distribution image Q of the rock grain which became hot. In this experiment, a quarry 3 deposit heated at about 50 degrees was used in place of the blasting gap 3, and the hollow spherical scale 10 (see FIG. 3B) with a portable body warmer attached to the inner surface was used. A temperature distribution image Q was taken. Further, the heated crushed stone 3 deposit and a plurality of temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 of the scale 10 are photographed over time at a predetermined time t (for example, about 5 minutes) by the infrared camera 20 fixed facing the deposit. The change in the temperature distribution image Q over time was observed. FIG. 4 shows an image Q1 immediately after the start of photographing, and FIGS. 5 to 7 show images Q2, Q3, and Q4 after elapse of predetermined times t, 2t, and 3t, respectively.

  From the comparison of the temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4, the infrared energy (temperature) radiated by the scale 10 does not change greatly even when the time 3t elapses, whereas the infrared energy radiated by the crushed stone 3 changes during the elapse of the time 3t. It becomes small gradually and it turns out that temperature is falling. Moreover, although it is difficult to extract the outline of each crushed stone 3 in the sediment in the temperature distribution image Q4 (FIG. 7) after the elapse of time 3t, for example, the temperature distribution image Q2 or Q3 (elapsed after the time t or 2t) 5 and 6), it can be seen that the outline of each crushed stone 3 can be extracted. For example, if a temperature distribution image Q2 as shown in FIG. 5 (or an image Q3 in FIG. 6) is taken in step S003, for example, in step S003, it will be different in steps S008 and later. In S009, the outline of the blasting shear 3 can be extracted from the image Q2 (or the image Q3).

  Preferably, as shown in steps S003 to S005, photographing of the temperature distribution image Q is repeated over time from the same viewpoint P while leaving the deposits for a predetermined time t, and a plurality of temperatures as shown in FIGS. Distribution images Q1-Q4 are acquired. As described above, it is possible to extract the outline of each shear 3 in the deposit by using a single temperature distribution image Q2 (or image Q3) in which the temperature difference between each blast 3 is relatively clear. By using a plurality of images Q1 to Q4 having different temperature distributions, the accuracy of extracting the outline of each blasting gap 3 can be increased. For example, by synthesizing different temperature distributions of the temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4, a synthesized image in which the outline of each blasting gap 3 is emphasized is created, and the outline of each blasting gap 3 is extracted from the synthesized image.

  In steps S003 to S005, it is also effective to take a plurality of temperature distribution images Q1 to Q4 while blowing air to the deposit. For example, a plurality of images Q having different temperature distributions as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 are obtained by photographing the temperature distribution image Q over time while actively cooling the blasting gap 3 by blowing air from a blower. It can be expected that the extraction accuracy of the contour 3 is improved. In general mine blasting sites, wind pipes are often arranged from the entrance to the face to exhaust and ventilate the face. For example, while using such a wind pipe as a blower, A plurality of images Q can be taken.

  More preferably, in steps S003 to S005, as shown in FIG. 2 (D), the infrared camera 20 includes an illumination 22 for irradiating infrared rays to the deposit of the blasting gap 3 and the temperature distribution image Q described above and the infrared ray. An infrared reflection image R reflected from the deposit by the camera 20 can be taken. The above-described infrared thermograph detects the energy of far-infrared rays (wavelength 1.5 to 100 μm) radiated from the object and creates the temperature distribution image Q. In addition, by detecting the infrared rays reflected from the object and creating the infrared reflection image R, the outline of each blasting gap 3 can be easily extracted from both the temperature distribution image Q and the infrared reflection image R. is there. Desirably, near-infrared rays having a wavelength shorter than that of far infrared rays (wavelength 0.7 to 2.5 μm) are irradiated to the volume of the blasting gap 3 by the illumination 22, and the infrared camera 20 absorbs the near infrared rays of the blasting gap 3 An infrared absorption image R reflecting the degree (reflection degree) is taken.

  That is, the shear 3 immediately after blasting is often heated as described above and has surface moisture different from that of the rock exposed in the face pit. Further, the surface moisture of each blasting gap 3 is different for each gap, and further changes by evaporation as time elapses. Since near infrared rays have a characteristic that they are easily absorbed by moisture, for example, if an infrared reflection image R is photographed by irradiating the blasting shear 3 with the near infrared radiation, the near infrared absorption of the blasting shear 3 from the infrared reflection image R The distribution of the degree (that is, the distribution of surface moisture) can be detected, and the contour of the blasting gap 3 can be extracted from the distribution. Alternatively, as in the case of the temperature distribution image Q described above, if infrared reflection images R1 to R4 are photographed over time while the deposit is left for a predetermined time t, the moisture distribution in the plurality of images R1 to R4 is determined. The contour of each blasting gap 3 can be extracted from the change. Therefore, by using both the far-infrared image Q and the infrared reflection image R, it is possible to extract the outline of each blasting gap 3 from both sides of the temperature distribution and the moisture distribution. It can be expected that the extraction accuracy and, in turn, the measurement accuracy of the particle size of each blasting gap 3 will be improved.

  When the infrared reflection image R is taken, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, a spherical scale 10c or a rod-like scale 10d on which a near-infrared reflective material 12 is applied or dispersed is scaled. 10, an infrared reflection image R can be created from near-infrared light reflected by each blasting gap 3 and the scale 10. For example, the scale 10 for the infrared reflection image R is formed by applying or dispersing moisture on the surfaces of the spherical or rod-shaped scales 10c and 10d. Desirably, a near-infrared light reflecting paint that does not easily evaporate over time is applied to the surfaces of the scales 10c and 10d to form the scale 10 for the infrared reflected image R. For example, the scale 10 for the temperature distribution image Q is used for the infrared reflected image R by applying a near-infrared light reflecting paint to the surface of the hollow spherical scale 10 in which the heat generating material 11 is embedded as shown in FIG. The scale 10 can be shared.

  Steps S003 to S005 are repeated until, for example, the gas or dust near the face is appropriately diluted, and when the photographing of the temperature distribution image Q is finished, the process proceeds from step S004 to step S006. In step S006, if the visible light image G can be photographed, it is desirable to replace the infrared camera 20 at the photographing position P with a visible light camera and photograph the visible light image G of the deposit including the scale 10. . In addition to the above-described temperature distribution image Q and infrared reflection image R, the visible light image G is also used to extract the contour of each blasting gap 3, thereby further improving the accuracy of the contour extraction of each blasting gap 3. This can lead to quality improvement of the particle size distribution prediction described later. However, the photographing of the visible light image G in step S006 can be omitted if it hinders the shifting operation in step S007.

  In Steps S002 to S006, after taking the temperature distribution image Q (and the visible light image G if possible) necessary for the particle size measurement of the blast crack 3, the scale 10 is collected in Step S007, and the normal blasting method is used. In the same manner, the blasting gap 3 is carried out of the mine and a visible image (ordinary photograph) for observing the face is taken, and a support or lining is built in the face 1 as necessary. Return to S001 and repeat the next blast excavation.

  In steps S008 to S010 in FIG. 1, the temperature distribution image Q (and infrared reflection image R) described above is input to the image processing device 25 in FIG. 2D, and the temperature distribution image Q (and infrared reflection) in the image processing device 25. The process of extracting the outline of each blasting gap 3 and the scale 10 from the image R) and measuring the particle diameter of each gap 3 from the outline and a predetermined size of the scale 10 is shown. The illustrated image processing apparatus 25 includes a contour extracting unit 26, a particle size measuring unit 27, and a particle size distribution calculating unit 28. As shown in FIG. 8, the contour extraction unit 26 binarizes the temperature distribution image Q based on the temperature distribution (or binarizes the infrared reflection image R based on the moisture distribution), and performs labeling and patterning. This is a built-in program that extracts contours of each blasting gap 3 and scale 10 in the image Q (and image R) using a technique such as matching (step S008). Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the particle diameter measuring means 27 obtains the diameter d of each scale 10 based on the extracted contour and obtains the particle diameter d (or minor axis a / major axis b) of each blasting gap 3. It is a built-in program. The particle size measuring means 27 further calculates the three-dimensional shape of the deposit (the depth of the entire deposit as viewed from the photographing position P) from the diameter d and the predetermined size T of each scale 10, and the entire deposit. Based on the three-dimensional shape, the particle diameter d of each blasting gap 3 is compared with a predetermined size of the scale 10 to calculate the particle diameter of each blasting gap 3 (step S009).

  The particle size distribution calculating means 28 of the image processing apparatus 25 of FIG. 2D creates a histogram of the particle size d of each blasting gap 3 calculated by the particle size measuring means 27 and obtains the particle size distribution of the blasting gap 3. It is a program (step S010). For example, a relational expression (correction formula) between the particle size histogram and the particle size distribution of the blasting shear 3 collected experimentally at the blasting site is created based on the calibration, and based on the relational expression (correction formula), By correcting the particle size histogram, it is possible to calculate a high-quality particle size distribution of the blasting gap 3. Such correction is the same as the particle size distribution measurement of the blasting gap carried out to the above-described conventional temporary storage place, and belongs to the prior art.

  According to the flowchart of FIG. 1, a temperature distribution image Q that can extract the outline of the blasting gap 3 even in a dark environment around the face can be obtained, and the blasting gap 3 of the blasting gap 3 immediately after the blasting before being carried out of the mine is obtained. The particle size distribution can be obtained. In addition, since infrared light for obtaining the temperature distribution image Q is not easily scattered around the face immediately after blasting, which is filled with gas or dust, it is possible to shoot the image Q immediately after blasting. The particle size distribution of the blasting gap 3 can be quickly obtained by using the waiting time from the start to the deviation. Therefore, it is possible to use the particle size distribution of the current blasting gap 3 obtained in steps S008 to S010 for the adjustment of the next blasting specification in step S001, and to make the next blasting gap a particle size distribution suitable for secondary use. By approaching, secondary use of blasting can be promoted.

  Thus, it is possible to provide the “method and system capable of measuring the particle size of the blasting gap in the face immediately after blasting”, which is the object of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Face 2 ... Blasting hole 3 ... Blasting slot 10 ... Scale 10a, 10b ... Reverse split hollow spherical body 10c ... Spherical body 10d ... Rod-shaped scale 11, 11a, 11b ... Exothermic substance 12 ... Reflective substance 14 ... Spray 15 ... String 20 ... Infrared camera (or near infrared camera)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 ... Tripod 22 ... Illumination 25 ... Computer 26 ... Contour extraction means 27 ... Particle size measurement means 28 ... Particle size distribution calculation means P ... Shooting position Q ... Temperature distribution image G ... Visible image T ... Granule

Claims (12)

A plurality of scales of a predetermined size that emits infrared rays with a predetermined intensity are placed on the deposits of the blasting gaps of the face that are generated during the blast excavation of the rock mass, and the temperature distribution image of the sediments containing the scales is taken with an infrared camera A particle size measuring method for blasting shears, wherein contours of each shearing and scale are extracted from the image and a particle size of each shearing is measured from the contour and a predetermined size of the scale. 2. The particle size measuring method for blasting shearing according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of temperature distribution images are photographed over time from the same viewpoint by the infrared camera, and a contour of each shearing and scale is extracted from the plurality of images. . The method of measuring a particle size of blasting shearing according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of temperature distribution images are taken while continuously blowing air to the shearing deposit. 4. The method for measuring particle size of blasting shearing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the scale is a hollow spherical body containing a heat generating material having a temperature different from that of the shearing. 4. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the scale includes a scale having an infrared reflective material coated on a surface thereof, and includes an illumination that irradiates the infrared camera with infrared rays. A method for measuring the particle size of blasting shear, which enables photographing and extracts the contour of each shear from the temperature distribution image and infrared reflection image of the sediment. 6. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein one end of a string having a required length is attached to the scale, and the scale is placed on the deposit by throwing from the holding position of the other end of the measure. Particle size measurement method for blasting. A plurality of scales of a predetermined size that are placed on the deposit of the blasting gap of the face generated during the blasting excavation of the bedrock and emit infrared rays at a predetermined intensity, and an infrared camera for photographing the temperature distribution image of the sediment including the scale And a particle size measuring system for blasting shears comprising an image processing device for extracting contours of each shearing and scale from the image and measuring the grain size of each shearing from the contour and a predetermined size of the scale. 8. The measurement system according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of temperature distribution images are photographed over time from the same viewpoint by the infrared camera, and each shear and scale outline is extracted from the plurality of images by the image processing device. Particle size measurement system. The measurement system of claim 8, wherein a blown particle size measurement system is provided, wherein a blower that continuously blows air to the deposit is provided. 10. The particle size measurement system for blasting shears according to claim 7, wherein the scale is formed as a hollow spherical body containing a heat generating material having a temperature different from that of the shearing. 10. The measurement system according to claim 7, wherein the scale includes an infrared reflective material applied to a surface of the scale, and includes an illumination that irradiates the infrared camera with infrared rays. A blasting particle size measurement system that enables photographing and extracts the outline of each displacement from a temperature distribution image and an infrared reflection image of a deposit by the image processing device. 12. The measurement system according to claim 7, wherein one end of a string having a required length is attached to the scale, and the scale can be placed on the deposit by throwing from the holding position of the other end of the measure. Blast particle size measurement system.