JP2012030559A - Joining method using laser beam - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To secure a sealing property in addition to high joint strength in mutual joining of tubular members through an intermediate member by allowing the joining in a wide joint area without providing a flange or the like, and by suppressing dislocation of the intermediate member prior to the joining.SOLUTION: The method includes a joining preparation step of inserting a resin second tubular member 20 to the inside of a resin first tubular member 10 which transmits a laser beam L and arranging a resin laser beam joining intermediate member 30 which absorbs the laser beam L between the inner periphery of the first tubular member 10 and the outer periphery of the second tubular member 20. After the joining preparation step, a joining step of joining the first and second tubular members 10, 20 to each other through the intermediate member 30 by emitting the laser beam L from the outside of the first tubular member 10 to heat the intermediate member 30 is performed.

Description

  The present invention relates to a joining method for joining tube members together using laser light.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, resin-made pipe members are bonded to each other using a laser beam (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the joining method of Patent Document 1, an intermediate member made of a resin that absorbs laser light and has laser light absorbability is used. Specifically, the intermediate member is disposed between the end surface of one tube member and the end surface of the other tube member, and the intermediate member is sandwiched between the end surfaces of both tube members. Irradiation is performed from the outside of the member toward the intermediate member. Then, the intermediate member absorbs the laser beam and melts, whereby both the pipe members are joined, and after the joining, the gap between the two pipe members is sealed.

JP 2004-90629 A

  However, in the joining method of the above-mentioned patent document 1, since the end faces of the pipe members are joined to each other, the joining area can ensure only the area corresponding to the thickness of the pipe member. The size of the bonding area affects the strength of the bonding strength, so we want to ensure it as wide as possible. Therefore, it is conceivable to increase the joining area by providing a flange extending in the radial direction at the end of the pipe member. However, in this case, the flange is obstructive in the actual site where the pipe member is used. May be.

  Moreover, in the joining method of patent document 1, although the intermediate member is clamped by the end surface of both pipe members, since the end surface of both pipe members is only abutted against the intermediate member before joining, both pipe members Therefore, it is conceivable that the intermediate member is displaced with respect to the pipe member before joining. If the intermediate member is displaced, the joining strength of the pipe member cannot be obtained, and the sealing performance between the two pipe members cannot be ensured.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and the object of the present invention is to allow joining with a wide joining area without providing a flange or the like when joining pipe members through an intermediate member. In addition, it is possible to suppress the displacement of the intermediate member before joining, thereby obtaining high joining strength and ensuring sealing performance.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the end of the second pipe member is inserted inside the end of the first pipe member, and the intermediate member is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the second pipe member. It was arranged between the outer peripheral surface.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, a resin-made second pipe member is inserted inside a resin-made first pipe member that transmits laser light, and the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the second pipe member After the bonding preparation step of arranging a resin-made laser beam bonding intermediate member that absorbs laser light between the outer peripheral surface and the bonding preparation step, the laser beam is irradiated from the outside of the first tube member to And a joining step of joining the first and second pipe members via the intermediate member by heating the intermediate member.

  According to this configuration, since the second pipe member is inserted inside the first pipe member, and the intermediate member is interposed between these pipe members, the second pipe member can be inserted without providing a flange. By increasing the depth, the bonding area can be increased.

  Moreover, since the 2nd pipe member is inserted inside the 1st pipe member, both pipe members are stabilized before joining compared with the case where the end surfaces of a pipe member are just faced | matched like the past. And an intermediate member is arrange | positioned between these pipe members, and the position shift of an intermediate member is suppressed.

  According to a second invention, in the first invention, in the joining preparation step, the intermediate member is fitted into a step portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member, and then the second pipe member is inserted into the first pipe member. It is characterized by this.

  According to this configuration, the intermediate member is fitted into the step portion of the second pipe member, so that the position shift in the center line direction of the intermediate member hardly occurs when the second pipe member is inserted into the first pipe member.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, in the joining preparation step, the intermediate member is compressed by a predetermined amount between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. It is.

  According to this configuration, the intermediate member is compressed, and thereby comes into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member.

  According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, in the joining preparation step, the intermediate member to which slipperiness is imparted is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. It arrange | positions between, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to this structure, when arrange | positioning an intermediate member between a 1st pipe member and a 2nd pipe member, an intermediate member becomes easy to slip with respect to a 1st pipe member or a 2nd pipe member. Thereby, it becomes difficult to apply an excessive force to the intermediate member.

  According to a fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, in the joining preparation step, a belt-shaped intermediate member extending annularly along the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member is used as the inner periphery of the first pipe member. It arrange | positions between a surface and the outer peripheral surface of a 2nd pipe member, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to this configuration, the intermediate member exists in a wide range between the first tube member and the second tube member. Thereby, the joining area of a 1st pipe member and a 2nd pipe member becomes still wider.

  According to 1st invention, while inserting a 2nd pipe member inside a 1st pipe member, it is an intermediate | middle which absorbs a laser beam between the internal peripheral surface of a 1st pipe member, and the outer peripheral surface of a 2nd pipe member. Since the member is arranged and then the intermediate member is heated by irradiating the laser beam from the outside of the first tube member, the joining area of both the tube members can be enlarged and the displacement of the intermediate member can be suppressed. Thereby, the joint strength and sealing performance of the first and second pipe members can be enhanced.

  According to the second invention, since the second pipe member is inserted into the first pipe member after the intermediate member is fitted into the step portion of the second pipe member, the position shift in the center line direction of the intermediate member is prevented. It can suppress and can further improve joint strength and sealability.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, the intermediate member is compressed by a predetermined amount between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member. It can be made to adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a joining defect can be suppressed.

  According to the fourth invention, since the intermediate member to which the slipperiness is imparted is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member, the insertion of the second pipe member Sometimes it becomes difficult to apply an excessive force to the intermediate member, and damage to the intermediate member can be suppressed, and the intermediate member can be reliably disposed at a predetermined position.

  According to the fifth invention, the belt-shaped intermediate member extending annularly along the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. Since it did in this way, a joining area becomes still wider and, thereby, joint strength and sealing performance can further be improved.

It is a perspective view of the joined article concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of a joined article. It is a disassembled perspective view of a joined article. FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing a state before the second pipe member is inserted into the first pipe member. FIG. 3 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 according to the second embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the following description of the preferred embodiment is merely illustrative in nature, and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a bonded product 1 bonded by a bonding method using laser light according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The joined product 1 is formed by joining a first pipe member 10 and a second pipe member 20 having a smaller diameter than the first pipe member 10 by an intermediate member 30. Although details will be described later at the time of bonding, the intermediate member 30 is irradiated with laser light to be heated and melted, and then cooled and solidified. The joined product 1 is used, for example, as a pipe through which a fluid flows.

  The 1st pipe member 10 is a circular pipe member comprised with the resin material which has a laser beam permeability which lets a laser beam pass. Laser light transmission means that the laser beam as a heating source is transmitted with almost no reflection or absorption, or the remaining laser beam is transmitted without melting even if the laser beam is partially transmitted and / or reflected. This includes the properties that can be transmitted, including those that transmit all of the laser light. Examples of the resin material constituting the first pipe member 10 include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polybutene, and vinyl chloride.

  The 2nd pipe member 20 is a circular pipe member comprised with the material which has a laser beam permeability which lets a laser beam pass, and the material which has a laser beam non-transmittance which does not let a laser beam pass. Laser light impermeability is a laser light absorptivity that absorbs laser light, and means that it absorbs the rest of the laser light as a heating source even if it is partially transmitted and / or reflected. Includes those that absorb everything. Examples of the resin material constituting the second pipe member 20 include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polybutene, and vinyl chloride.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the outer diameter of the second pipe member 20 is set slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe member 10 so that the second pipe member 20 can be inserted into the first pipe member 10. Has been.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a stepped portion 21 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20 on the joining side with the first pipe member 10. The region where the step portion 21 of the second tube member 20 is formed is a region from the end surface on the joining side of the second tube member 20 to a portion away from the opposite side of the center line direction by a predetermined distance A (see FIG. 4). is there. The dimension A is preferably, for example, 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less. The depth B (see FIG. 4) of the stepped portion 21 is set to, for example, 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

  The intermediate member 30 is formed so as to be fitted to the stepped portion 21 and has a belt shape extending annularly along the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. The thickness dimension of the intermediate member 30 is set slightly longer than the depth B of the stepped portion 21. The width of the intermediate member 30 is set to be approximately the same as the dimension A.

  Further, the inner diameter of the intermediate member 30 is set to be smaller than the outer diameter of the portion where the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20 is formed. Therefore, when the intermediate member 30 is fitted to the step portion 21, the intermediate member 30 is difficult to drop off from the step portion 21.

  The intermediate member 30 is made of a hot-melt material that melts when heated by a laser beam, and is a high-molecular substance (elastomer) that exhibits rubber elasticity near normal temperature and its alloy, and has thermoplasticity. .

  Further, slipperiness is imparted to the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30. The slipperiness of the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 means that when the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is moved in the direction of the center line while being in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10, the intermediate member 30 cannot be deformed. This means that the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is slidable with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10 so as not to break or break. Further, the slipperiness of the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 means that when the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is moved in the center line direction while being in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20, This means that the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is slidable with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20 so as not to cause excessive deformation or breakage.

  The slipping property can be obtained by utilizing the property of the resin constituting the intermediate member 30. In this case, as the resin type, for example, styrene-based, polyester-based, urethane-based, acrylic-based elastomer Etc. and its alloys are preferred. Further, as a method for imparting slipperiness to the intermediate member 30, a coating for improving the slipperiness is applied to the outer peripheral surface or the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30, or a substance for improving the slipperiness is applied. You may do it. The coating is preferably performed by roll coating, dipping, sponge coating, brush coating, etc. The material to be coated is an elastomer or general polymer with low adhesion that does not hinder the joining of the tube members 10 and 20. Color pigments, extender pigments and resin particles that give them even more lubricity can be mixed.

  As a specific value of the slipperiness of the intermediate member 30, the static friction coefficient is preferably 0.5 or less. When the static friction coefficient is larger than 0.5, breakage or the like is likely to occur when the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is moved in the direction of the center line while being in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10. The static friction coefficient of the intermediate member 30 is a value measured using a Static Friction Tester HEIDON-10 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.

  Further, the intermediate member 30 has elasticity. As the elastic modulus, for example, the storage elastic modulus at 20 ° C. is preferably set in the range of 0.05 to 500 MPa. Since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, the intermediate member 30 can be set while being elastically deformed when the intermediate member 30 is set between the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20, and workability is improved. . Further, since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, when the intermediate member 30 is disposed and compressed between the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20, the intermediate member 30 repels and the first tube member 10. And it comes into close contact with the second pipe member 20.

  Next, a procedure for manufacturing the bonded product 1 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 4, the intermediate member 30 is fitted to the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20. At this time, since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, the intermediate member 30 can be expanded and can be easily fitted. In addition, since slipperiness is imparted to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30, the intermediate member 30 can be fitted into the stepped portion 21 while being slid, thereby improving workability when fitting the intermediate member 30. At the same time, the intermediate member 30 is not broken halfway. Further, since the intermediate member 30 has a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the portion where the step portion 21 is formed, the intermediate member 30 is unlikely to fall off the step portion 21.

  Thereafter, the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20 is inserted into the first pipe member 10. At this time, since slipperiness is imparted to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30, the intermediate member 30 can be inserted while sliding on the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10, thereby the second tube member 20. As a result, the workability of inserting the first pipe member 30 into the first pipe member 30 is improved, and the intermediate member 30 is not broken halfway.

  When the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20 is inserted into the first pipe member 10, the intermediate member 30 is formed in the thickness direction between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20. Compressed. Since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, it is elastically deformed so as to be thinned by a compressive force. The thickness of the intermediate member 30 after the deformation is preferably 90% or less of the thickness (original thickness) before the deformation, for example, and the amount of deformation is the thickness of the intermediate member 30, the first tube The inner diameter of the member 10, the outer diameter of the second pipe member 20, and the like can be arbitrarily set.

  By compressing the intermediate member 30 so as to be 90% or less of the original thickness, the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is in close contact with the entire outer periphery of the stepped portion 21, and the outer periphery of the intermediate member 30 is The surface adheres substantially over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1, the laser beam L is irradiated from the outside of the first tube member 10 toward the intermediate member 30. As the type of the laser beam L, for example, any of a gas laser, a solid laser, a semiconductor laser, and the like may be used, and the type of the laser beam L is not limited. The type of the laser beam L is appropriately determined according to the material of the base material 2 and the translucent member 3, the thickness of the translucent member 3, the melting or decomposition temperature of the design layer 4, the degree of laser beam transmission of the translucent member 3, and the like. You can choose. Further, the laser beam L may be composed of one wavelength, or may have two or more wavelengths.

  When irradiating the laser beam L, the irradiation port side of a laser irradiation apparatus (not shown) is fixed, and the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 are rotated around the center line.

  The laser light L applied to the first tube member 30 passes through the first tube member 10 and reaches the intermediate member 30. At this time, since the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 are rotated, the laser light strikes the entire circumferential direction of the intermediate member 30 evenly. The laser beam L is absorbed by the intermediate member 30, whereby the intermediate member 30 is heated and melted. The inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10 is heated and melted by the heat generated by the intermediate member 30 and is mixed with the resin constituting the intermediate member 30, and the outer peripheral surface of the step portion 21 of the second tube member 20 is heated. It melts and mixes with the resin constituting the intermediate member 30.

  When the irradiation of the laser beam L is stopped and left standing, the resin in a molten state is solidified, and the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 are connected via the intermediate member 30 by hot melt bonding or melt bonding. Be joined. Since the intermediate member 30 was in a compressed state, no gap was formed between the intermediate member 30 and the first tube member 10 and between the intermediate member 30 and the second tube member 20 even when solidified. In the joined state, the space between the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 is reliably sealed by the intermediate member 30 over the entire circumference.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the second pipe member 20 is inserted inside the first pipe member 10, and the belt-shaped intermediate member 30 is interposed between the pipe members 10 and 20 so as to be joined. Therefore, the joint area of the first pipe member 10 and the second pipe member 20 can be expanded without providing flanges on the pipe members 10 and 20.

  Moreover, since the 2nd pipe member 20 is inserted inside the 1st pipe member 10, compared with the case where the end surfaces of a pipe member are just faced | matched like the past, both pipe members 10 and 20 are before joining. Stabilize. Then, the intermediate member 30 is disposed between the first and second pipe members 10 and 20, thereby suppressing the displacement of the intermediate member 30.

  As described above, the second tube member 20 is inserted inside the first tube member 10, and the laser beam L is emitted between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member 20. An intermediate member 30 to be absorbed is disposed, and the intermediate member 30 is heated by the laser beam L. Thereby, while being able to enlarge the joining area of both the pipe members 10 and 20, the position shift of the intermediate member 30 can be suppressed, and the joining strength and sealing performance of the 1st and 2nd pipe members 10 and 20 can be improved.

  In addition, since the intermediate member 30 is inserted into the first pipe member 10 after being fitted into the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20, the intermediate member 30 is not displaced in the center line direction, and the bonding strength and Sealability can be further enhanced.

  Further, since the intermediate member 30 is compressed by a predetermined amount between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20, the intermediate member 30 is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10 and the second inner surface. The two pipe members 20 can be brought into close contact with the outer peripheral surface. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a joining defect can be suppressed.

  Further, since the intermediate member 30 to which the slipperiness is imparted is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member 20, when inserting the second tube member 20 In addition, it is difficult to apply an excessive force to the intermediate member 30, and damage to the intermediate member 30 can be suppressed, and the intermediate member 30 can be reliably disposed at a predetermined position.

  In addition, since the intermediate member 30 has an annular shape and is irradiated with the laser beam L while rotating, the joint portion of the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 can be heated substantially uniformly. It becomes possible. Therefore, uneven heating is reduced.

(Embodiment 2)
5 and 6 show a bonded product 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the joined product 1 of the second embodiment, the shape of the second pipe member 20 is different from that of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, a different part from Embodiment 1 is demonstrated in detail.

  That is, in the second embodiment, the tapered surface 22 is provided without forming the step portion on the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member 20 on the joining side with the first tube member 10. The tapered surface 22 is formed to have a smaller diameter as it approaches the end of the second pipe member 20 on the joining side.

  The inner diameter of the intermediate member 30 is set to be smaller than the outer diameter of the portion of the second pipe member 20 where the tapered surface 22 is formed.

  Next, a procedure for manufacturing the bonded product 1 will be described. First, the intermediate member 30 is fitted on the tapered surface 22 of the second pipe member 20. At this time, since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, the intermediate member 30 can be expanded and can be easily fitted. Further, since the slipperiness is imparted to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30, the intermediate member 30 can be fitted to the tapered surface 22 while sliding. Further, since the intermediate member 30 has a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the portion where the tapered surface 22 is formed, the intermediate member 30 is unlikely to fall off the tapered surface 22.

  Thereafter, the tapered surface 22 of the second pipe member 20 is inserted into the first pipe member 10. At this time, since the slipperiness is imparted to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30, the intermediate member 30 can be inserted while sliding on the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10.

  When the step portion 21 of the second pipe member 20 is inserted into the first pipe member 10, the intermediate member 30 is formed in the thickness direction between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member 20. Compressed. Since the intermediate member 30 has elasticity, the intermediate member 30 is elastically deformed so as to be thinned by a compressive force, and the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate member 30 is in close contact with the entire outer periphery of the tapered surface 22. The outer peripheral surface is in close contact with the entire inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10.

  Thereafter, as in the first embodiment, the laser beam L is irradiated. Thereby, the 1st pipe member 10 and the 2nd pipe member 20 are joined.

  Therefore, according to the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the bonding strength and the sealing performance of the first and second pipe members 10 and 20 can be enhanced.

  The second pipe member 20 does not need to be provided with the stepped portion 21 and the tapered surface 22.

  Although not shown, a taper surface may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member 10 on the joining side with the second tube member 20. The tapered surface is formed to have a larger diameter as it approaches the end of the first tube member 20 on the joining side.

  Moreover, although the intermediate member 30 may be melted as described above, it may be softened without being melted.

  In the first and second embodiments, when the first tube member 10 and the second tube member 20 are welded, the laser beam L is irradiated while rotating both the tube members 10 and 20. In this case, the laser beam L may be irradiated only once on a single trajectory, or may be irradiated multiple times on a single trajectory, or a plurality of trajectories may be drawn. May be irradiated. When the laser beam L is irradiated so as to draw a plurality of trajectories, the trajectories may be irradiated so as to partially overlap, or may be irradiated with an interval so that the trajectories do not overlap at all. If the trajectory is irradiated a plurality of times so that it partially overlaps, there is an advantage that the total irradiation area of the laser light L is widened and the effective bonding area can be widened.

  As described above, according to the joining method using laser light according to the present invention, for example, a water pipe or the like can be joined.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Joined product 10 1st pipe member 20 2nd pipe member 21 Step part 22 Tapered surface 30 Intermediate member L Laser beam

Claims (5)

A resin-made second tube member is inserted inside the resin-made first tube member that transmits laser light, and between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member. A bonding preparation step of placing an intermediate member for laser beam bonding made of resin that absorbs laser beam;
A joining step of joining the first and second tube members via the intermediate member by irradiating laser light from the outside of the first tube member and heating the intermediate member after the joining preparation step; A bonding method using laser light, characterized by comprising: In the joining method using the laser beam according to claim 1,
In the joining preparation step, a joining method using laser light, wherein an intermediate member is fitted into a step formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member, and then the second tube member is inserted into the first tube member. . In the joining method using the laser beam according to claim 1 or 2,
In the joining preparation step, a joining method using laser light, wherein the intermediate member is compressed by a predetermined amount between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member. In the joining method using the laser beam according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the joining preparation step, a joining method using laser light, characterized in that an intermediate member imparted with slidability is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the first tube member and the outer peripheral surface of the second tube member. In the joining method using the laser beam according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
In the joining preparation step, a belt-shaped intermediate member extending annularly along the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the first pipe member and the outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member. A joining method using laser light.

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