JP2012030332A - Processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To highly accurately and efficiently perform the processing of a wide variety of different workpieces by an economical configuration.SOLUTION: A processing apparatus 10 includes: a universal workpiece positioning jig 96 for positioning and holding the wide variety of different workpieces W; an apparatus body 18 for imparting a rotation drive force to a gang head 24 which is detachable from the body; a guide mechanism 76 for guiding the gang head 24 with respect to the workpiece W; and an oscillating mechanism 36 for causing the gang head 24 to oscillate relative to the apparatus body 18 by setting a surface perpendicular to an axial direction of a tool 50 as an oscillating surface.

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus that processes a workpiece using a gang head.

  For example, in a cylinder block constituting an internal combustion engine (engine), a plurality of pistons are incorporated and a crankshaft is attached. Further, auxiliary equipment such as a water pump and an oil pump may be attached to the cylinder block. Therefore, the machining operation of the cylinder block is considerably complicated.

  Therefore, in order to process this type of workpiece, a processing apparatus is used that includes a gang head (multi-axis head) that can be attached to a plurality of tools and that can simultaneously perform a plurality of processing operations.

  As said processing apparatus, the guide bar apparatus currently disclosed by patent document 1 is known, for example. This guide bar device relates to a guide plate device for a bush plate used in a turret device in which a gang head is indexed to a predetermined processing position.

  The guide bar device is provided with a bush and a guide bar that is biased forward of the gang head main body by a biasing spring on the bush plate, and has a hook that restricts forward protrusion of the bush plate against the gang head main body. In addition, the tool is guided by the bush during workpiece processing, and the bush plate is moved back and forth relative to the main shaft.

  In this guide bar device, the hook is configured so that the urging spring is locked at the restricting position so that the spring force of the urging spring does not affect the guide bar in front of the restricting position, and the piston is provided on the outer periphery of the guide bar. A cylinder with a cylinder chamber in which the piston is slid is provided in the gang head body, and the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the front cylinder chamber is brought into contact with the biasing spring with which the guide bar is locked to the hook, thereby restricting the position. The bush plate is moved between the restriction position and the tool change position ahead of the restriction position by switching the supply of compressed air to the front and rear cylinder chambers. It is characterized by being configured to move back and forth between.

Japanese Patent No. 3722306

  By the way, in a cylinder block used as a workpiece, high precision machining is required particularly in a journal hole into which a journal of a crankshaft is inserted. For this reason, when processing different types of cylinder blocks, a dedicated positioning jig is used for each cylinder block. This is because the machining position that varies slightly for each cylinder block is positioned with high accuracy.

  However, the positioning jig is quite expensive. If the number of types of cylinder blocks increases, a large number of positioning jigs must be prepared. As a result, the facility cost has soared, and it is pointed out that it is not economical.

  The present invention solves this type of problem, and an object thereof is to provide a machining apparatus that can perform machining of various types of different workpieces with high accuracy and efficiency with an economical configuration. .

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus that processes a workpiece using a gang head. The processing apparatus includes a general-purpose workpiece positioning jig for positioning and holding a variety of different workpieces, a rotational driving force to the gang head, a device body to which the gang head can be attached and detached, and the gang head. A guide mechanism for guiding the workpiece, and a swinging mechanism for swinging the gang head relative to the apparatus main body with a surface orthogonal to the axial direction of the tool as a swinging surface.

  In this processing apparatus, it is preferable that the swing mechanism includes a first member having a convex spherical surface and a second member having a concave spherical surface that is in sliding contact with the convex spherical surface.

  Furthermore, in this processing apparatus, it is preferable that the workpiece is a cylinder block constituting an engine, and the tool includes a hole processing tool for processing a journal hole of the cylinder block.

  According to the present invention, the gang head can be swung with respect to the apparatus main body by the swing mechanism. For this reason, the tool provided in the gang head can easily perform desired machining on the machining position while following the machining position of each workpiece that varies slightly.

  Accordingly, a dedicated workpiece positioning jig is not required for many different types of workpieces, and a general-purpose workpiece positioning jig can be used. As a result, it is possible to perform machining of many different types of workpieces with high accuracy and efficiency with an economical configuration.

It is a schematic side view of the processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic front view of the said processing apparatus. It is a schematic plan view of the said processing apparatus. It is sectional explanatory drawing of the gang head which comprises the said processing apparatus.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a machining apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a multi-axis machining mechanism 12 and a work attachment mechanism 14, and the multi-axis machining mechanism 12 and the work attachment mechanism 14 are It is provided on the base 16.

  The multi-axis machining mechanism 12 includes an apparatus main body 18 placed on a base 16, and a turning table 20 that can turn around a vertical axis is provided on the apparatus main body 18. The turning table 20 is connected to a motor (not shown) and turns, and a plurality of, for example, four gang heads 24 are separated from the turning table 20 by equal angular (90 °) intervals around the rotation axis. Can be attached detachably.

  The apparatus main body 18 is provided with an elevating unit 26 that can be raised and lowered (in the direction of arrow Z) along a surface 18 a facing the workpiece attachment mechanism 14. The lifting unit 26 moves up and down along the surface 18 a under the action of a lifting motor 28 attached to the apparatus body 18, for example, under the rotating action of a ball screw (not shown) connected to the lifting motor 28. The elevating unit 26 includes a spindle unit 30, and a spindle connecting portion 32 constituting the spindle unit 30 is rotationally driven.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the gang head 24 includes a connecting plate member 34 that is connected to the spindle unit 30. A gang head main body 38 is connected to the connecting plate member 34 through a plurality of swing mechanisms 36 so as to be swingable with a horizontal plane as a swing surface. The connecting plate member 34 is formed in an elongated shape in the horizontal direction, and a rotating shaft 40 connected to the spindle connecting portion 32 is attached to be rotatable about a vertical axis.

  A drive gear 44 is connected to the rotary shaft 40 via a joint member (for example, an Oldham joint or a universal joint) 45 so as to be tiltable, and the drive gear 44 is rotatably supported by the gang head main body 38. The The drive gear 44 is provided with a holder 48 that extends vertically downward and is rotatable on the gang head main body 38 via a plurality of bearings 46. A tool 50 for detaching a journal hole of a cylinder block which is a work W to be described later is detachably attached to the holder portion 48.

  The gang head main body 38 is provided with a gear train 54 including a plurality of gears 52 that mesh with the drive gear 44. Each gear 52 is rotatable via a bearing 55, and a holder portion 56 is provided at the end of the gear 52. A tool 58 for processing a hole portion of a cylinder block, which will be described later, is attached to each holder portion 56 as necessary.

  The swing mechanism 36 includes a first casing 60 that is screwed to the connecting plate member 34 and a second casing 62 that is screwed to the gang head main body 38. The first casing 60 accommodates a first member 64 having a convex spherical surface 64a and a second member 66 having a concave spherical surface 66a that is in sliding contact with the convex spherical surface 64a. The first member 64 and the second member 66 may preferably be constituted by a spherical washer.

  Similarly, the second casing 62 accommodates a first member 68 having a convex spherical surface 68a and a second member 70 having a concave spherical surface 70a slidably contacting the convex spherical surface 68a. The first member 68 and the second member 70 are positioned in the opposite direction to the first member 64 and the second member 66. A support rod 72 is inserted from the second casing 62 into the first casing 60, and the tip of the support rod 72 is disposed in the connecting plate member 34. The rear end side of the support rod 72 constitutes a large diameter portion and is locked to the first member 68. A spring 74 for pressing the first member 64 toward the second member 66 is accommodated in the first casing 60.

  Guide pins 78 constituting a guide mechanism 76 are provided at both edge portions of the bottom surface of the gang head main body 38. The apparatus main body 18 is provided with a pair of guide cylinders 80 constituting a guide mechanism 76 in order to guide the gang head 24 to the processing station ST1. A guide pin 78 is inserted into each guide cylinder 80 to guide the gang head 24 relative to the workpiece W.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus main body 18 is provided with a guide rail 77 extending in the arrow Z direction on a surface where the guide cylinder 80 is provided (a surface facing the workpiece attachment mechanism 14). On the guide rail 77, for example, a support bush 81 that can be raised and lowered along the guide rail 77 under the rotating action of the motor 79 is disposed. The support bush 81 has a function of guiding a tool 50 attached to the gang head 24.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the work attachment mechanism 14 includes a pair of guide rails 82 extending in the arrow Y direction and a motor connected to a ball screw (not shown) extending in parallel to the guide rails 82. 84, a Y-axis unit 86 capable of moving back and forth in the direction of the arrow Y is provided. The Y-axis unit 86 has an inclined surface 86a that faces the multi-axis machining mechanism 12 side and is inclined at a predetermined angle, for example, 45 ° from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction (see FIG. 1).

  On the inclined surface 86a, an X-axis unit that can be advanced and retracted in the arrow X direction by a pair of guide rails 88 extending in the arrow X direction and a motor 90 connected to a ball screw (not shown) parallel to the guide rail 88. 92 is placed. The X-axis unit 92 is provided with a pallet 94, and the pallet 94 can be turned around an inclined axis inclined 45 ° via a motor 95.

  The pallet 94 is provided with a general-purpose workpiece positioning jig 96. The workpiece positioning jig 96 can position and hold various workpieces W having different shapes, that is, cylinder blocks. When the workpiece W is placed at the standby station ST2, as shown in FIG. Holes (journal holes) Wa are arranged in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, when the workpiece W is arranged at the machining station ST1, that is, when the phase of 180 ° is changed, the machining hole Wa is arranged in the vertical direction.

  The operation of the processing apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described below.

  In the multi-axis machining mechanism 12, a gang head 24 is attached in advance to each attachment portion of the turntable 20 corresponding to different types of workpieces W. On the other hand, in the work attachment mechanism 14, a predetermined work W is attached to the work positioning jig 96.

  In the multi-axis machining mechanism 12, when the gang head 24 for machining the workpiece W is arranged corresponding to the machining station ST1, the gang head 24 is coupled to the spindle unit 30 attached to the lifting unit 26. .

  Next, in the workpiece attachment mechanism 14, the pallet 94 is turned 180 ° from the standby posture shown in FIG. Further, the Y-axis unit 86 is adjusted in the direction of the arrow X along the guide rail 82 under the driving action of the motor 84, while the X-axis unit 92 is guided by the guide rail 88 under the action of the motor 90. Below, the position is adjusted in the direction of the arrow X.

  For this reason, the workpiece W held by the workpiece positioning jig 96 is positioned and arranged with the machining hole Wa corresponding to the machining position of the machining station ST1 and extending in the vertical direction (in FIG. 1, a two-dot chain line). reference).

  Therefore, when the spindle unit 30 is driven and the spindle connecting portion 32 is rotationally driven, the rotating shaft 40 connected to the spindle connecting portion 32 rotates (see FIG. 4). A drive gear 44 is connected to the rotary shaft 40 so as to be tiltable, and a tool 50 mounted on the holder portion 48 of the drive gear 44 rotates. The drive gear 44 constitutes a gear train 54, and the tool 58 attached to each gear 52 via the holder portion 56 rotates in the same manner.

  In this state, the elevating unit 26 moves downward in the arrow Z direction (vertically downward) along the surface 18 a of the apparatus body 18 under the rotating action of the elevating motor 28. Therefore, the rough machining process is performed on the machining hole Wa of the workpiece W by the tool 50, and the rough machining process is performed on the other hole (not shown) of the workpiece W by the other tool 58. .

  At that time, the gang head 24 is accurately moved with respect to the workpiece W via the guide mechanism 76 by inserting the guide pin 78 into the guide cylinder 80. On the other hand, since the support bush 81 that can be raised and lowered is adjusted to a predetermined height position, the tool 50 can be guided and moved accurately by the support bush 81.

  In this case, in this embodiment, the workpiece positioning jig 96 is configured as a general-purpose workpiece positioning jig to which workpieces W having various shapes can be attached. For this reason, the position of the machining hole Wa, which is the machining position of each workpiece W, easily fluctuates slightly with respect to the workpiece positioning jig 96.

  Here, in the gang head 24, a connecting plate member 34 connected to the spindle unit 30 and a gang head main body 38 are connected via a swing mechanism 36. The swing mechanism 36 includes a first member 64 and a second member 66 that are accommodated in the first casing 60 by sliding the convex spherical surface 64 a and the concave spherical surface 66 a in sliding contact, and a convex shape in the second casing 62. A first member 68 and a second member 70 are provided that are accommodated in sliding contact with the side spherical surface 68a and the concave side spherical surface 70a. These are integrally supported by the support rod 72, and the first member 64 is pressed toward the second member 66 via the spring 74.

  Therefore, in the gang head 24, the gang head main body 38 can swing with respect to the connecting plate member 34, that is, with respect to the apparatus main body 18, with a surface orthogonal to the axial direction of the tool 50 as a swing surface. Thus, the tool 50 provided in the gang head 24 swings under the action of the swing mechanism 36 when a slight change in the processing position is caused in the processing hole Wa of the workpiece W.

  For this reason, the tool 50 can easily perform desired machining on the machining hole Wa while following the machining position of the machining hole Wa. Therefore, a dedicated workpiece positioning jig is not required for many different types of workpieces W, and a general-purpose workpiece positioning jig 96 can be used. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect that it is possible to perform machining of many different types of workpieces W with high accuracy and efficiency with an economical configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Processing apparatus 12 ... Multi-axis processing mechanism 14 ... Work attachment mechanism 18 ... Apparatus main body 20 ... Turning table 24 ... Gang head 26 ... Lifting unit 30 ... Spindle unit 32 ... Spindle connection part 34 ... Connection plate member 36 ... Swing mechanism 38 ... Gang head main body 40 ... Rotating shaft 44 ... Drive gear 48, 56 ... Holder part 50, 58 ... Tool 52 ... Gear 54 ... Gear train 60, 62 ... Casing 64a, 68a ... Convex-side spherical surfaces 64, 66, 68, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 70 ... Member 66a, 70a ... Concave-side spherical surface 72 ... Support rod 74 ... Spring 76 ... Guide mechanism 78 ... Guide pin 80 ... Guide cylinder 86 ... Y-axis unit 92 ... X-axis unit 94 ... Pallet 96 ... Work positioning jig

Claims (3)

A processing device for processing a workpiece using a gang head,
A general-purpose workpiece positioning jig for positioning and holding a variety of different workpieces;
A rotational driving force is applied to the gang head, and the gang head is detachable from the apparatus main body,
A guide mechanism for guiding the gang head with respect to the workpiece;
A swing mechanism for swinging the gang head relative to the apparatus main body with a surface orthogonal to the axial direction of the tool as a swing surface;
A processing apparatus comprising: The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the swing mechanism includes a first member having a convex spherical surface;
A second member having a concave spherical surface slidably contacting the convex spherical surface;
A processing apparatus comprising: The processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece is a cylinder block constituting an engine.
The said tool is provided with the hole processing tool which processes the journal hole of the said cylinder block, The processing apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

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