JP2012022934A - Induction heating apparatus and double tube for the same - Google Patents
Induction heating apparatus and double tube for the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、誘導加熱を利用した誘導加熱装置、およびそのための二重管に関する。 The present invention relates to an induction heating apparatus using induction heating, and a double tube therefor.
特許文献１には、二重管内を流れる流体を誘導加熱する装置が開示されている。この二重管は、誘導加熱に適した磁性体からなる外管の内部に、誘導加熱に適さない非磁性体からなる内管が嵌合するように構成されている。このような二重管に流体を通流して誘導加熱すると、主に磁性体である外管が発熱し、この熱が非磁性体からなる内管を介して二重管内を流れる流体へ熱伝導することで、流体が加熱される。 Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus for inductively heating a fluid flowing in a double pipe. This double tube is configured such that an inner tube made of a non-magnetic material not suitable for induction heating is fitted inside an outer tube made of a magnetic material suitable for induction heating. When fluid is passed through such a double tube and induction heating is performed, the outer tube, which is mainly a magnetic material, generates heat, and this heat is conducted to the fluid flowing in the double tube via the inner tube made of a non-magnetic material. By doing so, the fluid is heated.
しかしながら、特許文献１の先行技術では、外管と内管の線膨張係数が異なる場合、誘導加熱したときに生じる熱応力で、外管もしくは内管が破損する恐れがある。たとえば、外管に線膨張係数が１１．７×１０-6／Ｋ程度である鋼管ＳＳ４００を用い、内管に線膨張係数が０．５８×１０-6／Ｋ程度である石英管を用いて誘導加熱する。このとき、加熱時に外管に生じる温度ばらつきによって外管が曲がることで、内管の石英管が曲げ応力を受けて破損する恐れがある。 However, in the prior art of Patent Document 1, when the linear expansion coefficients of the outer tube and the inner tube are different, the outer tube or the inner tube may be damaged by the thermal stress generated when induction heating is performed. For example, a steel pipe SS400 having a linear expansion coefficient of about 11.7 × 10 −6 / K is used for the outer pipe, and a quartz pipe having a linear expansion coefficient of about 0.58 × 10 −6 / K is used for the inner pipe. Induction heating. At this time, the outer tube bends due to temperature variations that occur in the outer tube during heating, so that the quartz tube of the inner tube may be damaged due to bending stress.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、外管と内管の線膨張係数が異なるように構成した二重管を誘導加熱したときに、二重管が破損する恐れを低減することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and reduces the risk of the double pipe being damaged when induction heating is performed on the double pipe configured so that the outer pipe and the inner pipe have different linear expansion coefficients. The purpose is to do.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の誘導加熱装置は、円形の外管と円形の内管とから構成される二重管と、この二重管内を流れる被加熱流体を加熱するための誘導加熱手段と、を有する誘導加熱装置において、前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、前記外管は磁性体であり且つ当該外管の軸方向の長さがそれぞれ所定値以下である複数個の外管構成物から構成する。 In order to solve the above-described problems, an induction heating apparatus according to the present invention includes a double tube composed of a circular outer tube and a circular inner tube, and an induction for heating a fluid to be heated flowing in the double tube. In the induction heating apparatus having a heating means, the inner tube is made of a nonmagnetic material, the outer tube is a magnetic material, and the axial length of the outer tube is a plurality of predetermined values or less. Consists of outer tube components.
本発明によれば、外管と内管の線膨張係数が異なるように構成した二重管を誘導加熱したときに、二重管が破損する恐れを低減することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, when induction heating the double pipe comprised so that the linear expansion coefficient of an outer pipe and an inner pipe may differ, a possibility that a double pipe may be damaged can be reduced.
添付図面を適宜参照しながら、本発明にかかる誘導加熱装置の好適な実施の形態について説明する。
図１は、本発明の誘導加熱装置の一例を示す図である。図１（ａ）は、誘導加熱装置の管やコイルなどに対し、管の長さ方向からみた断面図である。図１（ｂ）は、管の軸方向に対する断面図である。
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of an induction heating apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the induction heating apparatus of the present invention. Fig.1 (a) is sectional drawing seen from the length direction of the pipe | tube with respect to the pipe | tube, coil, etc. of an induction heating apparatus. FIG.1 (b) is sectional drawing with respect to the axial direction of a pipe | tube.
誘導加熱装置は、交流電源１と、誘導加熱用のコイル２と、断面が同心円形の外管３と、断面が同心円形の内管４とを有する。誘導加熱装置は、さらに、外管３と内管４との間に充填する潤滑剤５と、コイル２と外管３との間に敷設する断熱材６と、コイル２を冷却するためコイル２の外周にあるコイル冷却ジャケット７から構成する。内管４には、図面において矢印で示した方向に、被加熱流体８、たとえば硫酸が通流する。誘導加熱手段は、交流電源１とコイル２とから構成される。 The induction heating apparatus includes an AC power supply 1, an induction heating coil 2, an outer tube 3 having a concentric circular section, and an inner tube 4 having a concentric circular section. The induction heating device further includes a lubricant 5 filled between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4, a heat insulating material 6 laid between the coil 2 and the outer tube 3, and a coil 2 for cooling the coil 2. It comprises the coil cooling jacket 7 in the outer periphery. A fluid 8 to be heated, such as sulfuric acid, flows through the inner tube 4 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the drawing. The induction heating means includes an AC power source 1 and a coil 2.
交流電源１には、５０／６０Ｈｚから４５０ｋＨｚの周波数を使用する。
コイル２には、１ｋＨｚ以上の高周波を流す場合、リッツ線を用いる。リッツ線は、細いエナメル線を複数本より合わせたものであり、高周波を流す場合に表皮効果により電気抵抗が増加することを防ぐため、導体を細分化して導体表面積を大きくしている。コイル２は、内管４・外管３・断熱材６の周囲を巻き回す形で構成する。コイル２は、外管の長さ方向全体の周囲を巻き回すだけの長さがある。
The AC power supply 1 uses a frequency of 50/60 Hz to 450 kHz.
When the high frequency of 1 kHz or more is passed through the coil 2, a litz wire is used. A litz wire is a combination of a plurality of thin enamel wires. In order to prevent an increase in electrical resistance due to the skin effect when a high frequency is applied, the conductor is subdivided to increase the conductor surface area. The coil 2 is configured to be wound around the inner tube 4, the outer tube 3, and the heat insulating material 6. The coil 2 is long enough to be wound around the entire length of the outer tube.
内管４は外管３の中に挿入しており、断面が円形の二重管として構成する。すなわち、内管４と外管３とを同軸上に形成する。内管４と外管３、もしくは内管４と後述する外管構成物３１とは、所定の大きさのクリアランスを有する。クリアランスとは、内管４の外径と、外管３の内径との差である。クリアランスは、製造時の精度を考慮すると、０．１ｍｍ以上とすることが望ましい。 The inner tube 4 is inserted into the outer tube 3 and is configured as a double tube having a circular cross section. That is, the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 3 are formed coaxially. The inner tube 4 and the outer tube 3 or the inner tube 4 and the outer tube component 31 described later have a predetermined clearance. The clearance is a difference between the outer diameter of the inner tube 4 and the inner diameter of the outer tube 3. The clearance is desirably set to 0.1 mm or more in consideration of the accuracy during manufacturing.
外管３と内管４の線膨張係数が異なることで加熱時に外管３が内管４を引っ張る熱応力が発生するが、クリアランスを大きくとれば、この応力により外管３が歪む距離をクリアランスで吸収できるので、二重管が破損する恐れを小さくできる。しかしながら、誘導加熱された外管３から内管４へ効率よく熱伝導するには、クリアランスは小さい方がよい。 The outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4 have different linear expansion coefficients, which generates a thermal stress that causes the outer tube 3 to pull the inner tube 4 during heating. If the clearance is increased, the distance that the outer tube 3 is distorted by this stress is cleared. Since it can be absorbed in, the risk of damaging the double pipe can be reduced. However, in order to efficiently conduct heat from the induction-heated outer tube 3 to the inner tube 4, a smaller clearance is better.
図１に示す実施形態の要旨は、クリアランスを小さくして効率よく熱伝導しつつ、外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物の軸方向の長さを所定値以下にして外管構成物の歪む距離を小さくすることで、加熱時に二重管が破損する恐れを小さくする点にある。 The gist of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the outer tube configuration is made by reducing the axial length of a plurality of outer tube components constituting the outer tube 3 to a predetermined value or less while efficiently conducting heat by reducing the clearance. By reducing the distance at which the object is distorted, the risk of damaging the double tube during heating is reduced.
誘導加熱したときに流体をなるべく均等に加熱できるように、コイル２・外管３・内管４は、それぞれの中心軸が一致するよう同軸かつ同心円状に形成するのが望ましい。本実施例では、図１（ｂ）に示すように、コイル２、外管３、内管４、断熱材６、コイル冷却ジャケット７は、同心円状に形成している。 It is desirable that the coil 2, the outer tube 3, and the inner tube 4 are formed coaxially and concentrically so that their central axes coincide with each other so that the fluid can be heated as evenly as possible when induction heating is performed. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1B, the coil 2, the outer tube 3, the inner tube 4, the heat insulating material 6, and the coil cooling jacket 7 are formed concentrically.
外管３は磁性体でできており、電磁誘導により非常に密度の高いうず電流が生じる。外管３の厚さは、表皮効果を得るため、０．２ｍｍ以上であることが望ましい。外管３の一例としては、ＳＳ４００（線膨張係数が１１．７×１０-6／Ｋ、スチール）やＳＵＳ４３０（線膨張係数が１０．４×１０-6／Ｋ、アルミニウム）が挙げられる。 The outer tube 3 is made of a magnetic material, and very high density eddy current is generated by electromagnetic induction. The thickness of the outer tube 3 is desirably 0.2 mm or more in order to obtain a skin effect. Examples of the outer tube 3 include SS400 (linear expansion coefficient is 11.7 × 10 −6 / K, steel) and SUS430 (linear expansion coefficient is 10.4 × 10 −6 / K, aluminum).
ここで、図２を参照して、外管３の詳細に言及する。
外管３は、外管長さ方向の長さ、すなわち軸方向の長さが所定値以下である複数個の外管構成物３１から構成されている。図２の例では、外管３は６個の外管構成物３１から構成されている。外管３は、予め作製した外管構成物３１を複数個組み合わせて構成してもよい。外管３は、１本の外管３を軸方向の長さが所定値以下となるように、外管３の断面方向に複数に分割して構成してもよい。外管３を、軸方向の断面で分割しても、誘導加熱によるうず電流が外管３の円周方向に円滑に流れないので、あまり影響がない。
Here, the details of the outer tube 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
The outer tube 3 includes a plurality of outer tube components 31 whose length in the length direction of the outer tube, that is, the length in the axial direction is equal to or less than a predetermined value. In the example of FIG. 2, the outer tube 3 includes six outer tube components 31. The outer tube 3 may be configured by combining a plurality of previously prepared outer tube components 31. The outer tube 3 may be configured by dividing the single outer tube 3 into a plurality of pieces in the cross-sectional direction of the outer tube 3 so that the length in the axial direction is a predetermined value or less. Even if the outer tube 3 is divided in the cross section in the axial direction, the eddy current due to induction heating does not flow smoothly in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 3, so that there is not much influence.
なお、図１（ａ）および図２では、複数の外管構成物３１はそれぞれ所定の間隔をあけて配置しているが、これは外管３が複数の外管構成物３１から構成されることを図示しただけである。図１（ａ）の誘導加熱装置は、コイル２、外管３、内管４からなる加熱部分を横方向に設置する場合、複数の外管構成物３１はそれぞれ所定の距離をあけて配置されることがある。図１（ａ）の誘導加熱装置は、コイル２、外管３、内管４からなる加熱部分を縦方向に設置する場合、複数の外管構成物３１は重力の影響で積み重なって配置されるので、外管構成物間に大きな間隔はない。 In FIG. 1A and FIG. 2, the plurality of outer tube components 31 are arranged at predetermined intervals, respectively. This is because the outer tube 3 is composed of a plurality of outer tube components 31. This is only illustrated. In the induction heating apparatus shown in FIG. 1A, when a heating portion including the coil 2, the outer tube 3, and the inner tube 4 is installed in the horizontal direction, the plurality of outer tube components 31 are arranged at predetermined distances from each other. Sometimes. In the induction heating apparatus shown in FIG. 1A, when a heating portion composed of the coil 2, the outer tube 3, and the inner tube 4 is installed in the vertical direction, the plurality of outer tube components 31 are arranged to be stacked due to the influence of gravity. Therefore, there is no large space between the outer tube components.
図１（ａ）に戻り、内管４には、耐食性が高いこともあり、線膨張係数が０．５８×１０-6／Ｋである石英が使われることが多い。石英管の厚さは、機械的強度を確保するため、１．５ｍｍ以上であることが望ましい。内管４の他の例としては、セラミックを使うことが挙げられる。 Returning to FIG. 1A, the inner tube 4 is often made of quartz having a high coefficient of corrosion resistance and a linear expansion coefficient of 0.58 × 10 −6 / K. The thickness of the quartz tube is preferably 1.5 mm or more in order to ensure mechanical strength. Another example of the inner tube 4 is the use of ceramic.
外管３と内管４の材質は、内管４の線膨張係数が、外管３の線膨張係数の１／１０倍以下であるように選択すると望ましいことを、本発明者らは実験によって確認している。上述のように材質を選択すると、誘導加熱時に外管３が熱応力で歪む距離に比べ、内管４が歪む距離は十分に小さいため考慮しなくてもよくなり、外管３を構成する外管構成物３１の長さを算出しやすくなる。 The present inventors have experimented that the material of the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4 is preferably selected so that the linear expansion coefficient of the inner tube 4 is not more than 1/10 times the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube 3. I have confirmed. When the material is selected as described above, the distance at which the inner tube 4 is distorted is sufficiently small compared to the distance at which the outer tube 3 is distorted by thermal stress during induction heating. It becomes easy to calculate the length of the tube component 31.
なお、上述した材質の選択方法は、外管３の線膨張係数を考慮して、内管４の材質をいわば相対的に決めるものである。他の選択方法としては、線膨張係数が汎用的な磁性体材料よりも小さい石英を内管４に採用することを、絶対値的に決めることもできる。 Note that the above-described material selection method relatively determines the material of the inner tube 4 in consideration of the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube 3. As another selection method, it is possible to determine in absolute terms that quartz having a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of a general-purpose magnetic material is adopted for the inner tube 4.
なお、外管３と内管４との間に、潤滑剤５が充填されている。潤滑剤５としては、たとえば「スミコーＧＳコート（住鉱潤滑剤株式会社製、登録商標）」を使うことができる。潤滑剤５の使用は必須ではない。潤滑剤５を使用するかどうかは、外管３や内管４の材質や、外管３と内管４との間のクリアランスの大きさを考慮して決める。 A lubricant 5 is filled between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4. As the lubricant 5, for example, “Sumiko GS Coat (manufactured by Sumiko Lubricant Co., Ltd., registered trademark)” can be used. The use of the lubricant 5 is not essential. Whether to use the lubricant 5 is determined in consideration of the material of the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4 and the size of the clearance between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4.
潤滑剤５をクリアランスに充填することで、外管３から内管４への接触熱抵抗を低減し、かつ外管３と内管４の線膨張係数の違いによる摺動を促して二重管の破損を低減する効果を期待できる。しかしながら、潤滑剤５を使用するだけでは、二重管の破損を防ぎ切れない場合がある。図１（ｂ）に示すように、コイル２、外管３、内管４をそれぞれの中心軸が一致するように同心円状に形成したとしても、製造誤差がある以上、それぞれの中心軸が完全に一致することは難しい。中心軸が少しでもずれると、コイル２が形成する交番磁束密度に偏りが生じ、外管３表面の所定部分と、この所定部分の円周方向における外管３表面の反対部分とでは、発生する加熱エネルギーが異なってくる。よって、外管３には温度ばらつきが生じるため、外管３が所定の方向に曲がってしまい、内管４が破損する問題が実際に発生している。 By filling the lubricant 5 in the clearance, the contact heat resistance from the outer tube 3 to the inner tube 4 is reduced, and the sliding due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4 is promoted to make a double tube It can be expected to reduce the damage. However, the use of the lubricant 5 may not prevent the double pipe from being damaged. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), even if the coil 2, the outer tube 3, and the inner tube 4 are formed concentrically so that the respective central axes coincide with each other, the respective central axes are completely fixed due to manufacturing errors. Difficult to match. When the central axis is shifted even a little, the alternating magnetic flux density formed by the coil 2 is biased, and is generated in a predetermined portion on the surface of the outer tube 3 and a portion opposite to the surface of the outer tube 3 in the circumferential direction of the predetermined portion. Heating energy is different. Therefore, since the temperature variation occurs in the outer tube 3, the outer tube 3 is bent in a predetermined direction, and the inner tube 4 is actually damaged.
図１に示す実施形態によれば、たとえば製造誤差によりコイル２、外管３、内管４のそれぞれの中心軸が完全には一致しない場合でも、外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物３１の長さを所定値以下にして外管構成物の歪む距離を小さくすることで、加熱時に二重管が破損する恐れを小さくできる。 According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of outer tube configurations constituting the outer tube 3 even when the central axes of the coil 2, the outer tube 3, and the inner tube 4 do not completely coincide due to, for example, manufacturing errors. By making the length of the object 31 equal to or less than a predetermined value and reducing the distorted distance of the outer tube component, the possibility of damaging the double tube during heating can be reduced.
断熱材６には、セラミックやガラス繊維を用いる。外管３の熱を逃さないように断熱材６を敷設することで、誘導加熱装置の加熱効率を向上でき、また、コイル２の過熱を防ぐことができる。 For the heat insulating material 6, ceramic or glass fiber is used. By laying the heat insulating material 6 so that the heat of the outer tube 3 is not lost, the heating efficiency of the induction heating device can be improved, and overheating of the coil 2 can be prevented.
コイル冷却ジャケット７は、コイル２の自己発熱を水冷方式で冷却して過熱を防止するために設けるものであり、冷却水９が内部で循環するように構成されている。本実施例では、強制対流による水冷方式で例示したが、必要とされる冷却能力の大きさによっては、自然対流もしくは強制対流による空冷方式とすることもできる。 The coil cooling jacket 7 is provided to cool the self-heating of the coil 2 by a water cooling method to prevent overheating, and is configured so that the cooling water 9 circulates inside. In this embodiment, the water cooling method using forced convection is exemplified, but depending on the required cooling capacity, a natural convection method or an air cooling method using forced convection method may be used.
図３は、外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さの決め方を説明する図である。
前述したように、円形の外管３表面の所定部分と、この所定部分の円周方向における外管３表面の反対部分とでは、発生する加熱エネルギーが異なってくるので、温度ばらつきが生じる外管３は所定の方向に曲がる。つまり、外管３を構成する外管構成物３１は、図３に示すように、加熱時には外管３の円周方向に発生する温度差によって曲がる。
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining how to determine the axial length of the outer tube component 31.
As described above, since the generated heating energy differs between the predetermined portion of the surface of the circular outer tube 3 and the portion opposite to the surface of the outer tube 3 in the circumferential direction of the predetermined portion, the outer tube in which temperature variation occurs. 3 bends in a predetermined direction. That is, the outer tube component 31 constituting the outer tube 3 is bent by a temperature difference generated in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 3 during heating, as shown in FIG.
図３に示す各種記号を以下のように定める。
α：外管３（外管構成物３１）の線膨張係数
ｔ：加熱昇温時に外管３（外管構成物３１）の円周方向に発生する最大温度差
ｄ：外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径
Ｌ：外管構成物３１の軸方向の最大長さ
ｒ：加熱時の外管構成物３１の曲げ半径
θ：外管構成物３１が加熱により曲がるときの曲げ角度
このとき、曲げ半径：ｒと曲げ角度：θと外管構成物３１の軸方向の最大長さ：Ｌとの間には、次の（１）・（２）式の関係がある。
Various symbols shown in FIG. 3 are defined as follows.
α: Linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube 3 (outer tube component 31) t: Maximum temperature difference generated in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 3 (outer tube component 31) during heating and heating d: Outer tube 3 (outer tube) Inner diameter of component 31) L: Maximum axial length of outer tube component 31 r: Bending radius of outer tube component 31 during heating θ: Bending angle when outer tube component 31 bends by heating At this time The relationship between the bending radius: r, the bending angle: θ, and the maximum axial length L of the outer tube component 31 is expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
ｒθ＝Ｌ ・・・（１）式
（ｒ＋ｄ）θ＝Ｌ（１＋αｔ） ・・・（２）式
（１）・（２）式より、次の（３）・（４）式が求まる。
rθ = L (1) Equation (r + d) θ = L (1 + αt) (2) Equation From the equations (1) and (2), the following equations (3) and (4) are obtained.
ｄθ＝αｔ×Ｌ ・・・（３）式
ｒ＝ｄ／αｔ ・・・（４）式
外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径と、この曲がった外管３内を貫通するまっすぐな内管４の外径との差であるクリアランス：ｃとすると、次の（５）式が成り立つ。なお、外管３と内管４の材質は、内管４の線膨張係数が、外管３の線膨張係数の１／１０倍以下であるように選択する。もしくは、内管４を、線膨張係数が汎用的な磁性体材料よりも小さい、たとえば石英で構成する。よって、内管４は、加熱時に発生する温度差によって曲がらないと仮定している。
dθ = αt × L (3) Formula r = d / αt (4) Formula The inner diameter of the outer tube 3 (outer tube component 31) and a straight line penetrating through the bent outer tube 3 When the clearance, which is the difference from the outer diameter of the inner tube 4, is c, the following equation (5) is established. The materials of the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4 are selected so that the linear expansion coefficient of the inner tube 4 is not more than 1/10 times the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube 3. Alternatively, the inner tube 4 is made of, for example, quartz whose linear expansion coefficient is smaller than that of a general-purpose magnetic material. Therefore, it is assumed that the inner tube 4 does not bend due to a temperature difference generated during heating.
ｃ＝ｒ（１−ｃｏｓ（θ／２）） ・・・（５）式
（３）〜（５）式より、次の（６）式が求まる。そして、この（６）式を満たす外管構成物３１の軸方向の最大長さ：Ｌを求め、実際はこのＬ以下となるように外管構成物３１を作製する。
c = r (1−cos (θ / 2)) (5) Formula The following formula (6) is obtained from the formulas (3) to (5). Then, the maximum length L in the axial direction of the outer tube component 31 satisfying the expression (6) is obtained, and the outer tube component 31 is actually manufactured so as to be equal to or less than L.
ｃ＝ｄ／αｔ×（１−ｃｏｓ（αｔ×Ｌ／２ｄ）） ・・・（６）式
たとえば、外管３として線膨張係数が１１．７×１０-6／ＫであるＳＳ４００、内管４として線膨張係数が０．５８×１０-6／Ｋである石英を使った場合のＬを計算する。実験値よりｔ＝２００Ｋとし、ｄ＝２０ｍｍ、製造上の精度から考えてｃ＝０．１ｍｍとした場合、Ｌ≒８０ｍｍとなる。よって、外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さは、外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径：ｄの４倍以内、８０ｍｍ以内に形成して誘導加熱を行えばよい。
c = d / αt × (1−cos (αt × L / 2d)) (6) For example, as the outer tube 3, SS400 having a linear expansion coefficient of 11.7 × 10 −6 / K, an inner tube 4, L is calculated when quartz having a linear expansion coefficient of 0.58 × 10 −6 / K is used. From the experimental value, when t = 200K, d = 20 mm, and c = 0.1 mm in consideration of manufacturing accuracy, L≈80 mm. Therefore, the length of the outer tube component 31 in the axial direction may be within 4 times the inner diameter d of the outer tube 3 (outer tube component 31) and within 80 mm to perform induction heating.
図４は、図１の構成における実験結果を示す図である。
外管３としては、線膨張係数がα＝１１．７×１０-6／ＫであるＳＳ４００を用いた。外管３の内径はｄ＝１６．１ｍｍ、外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さは５０ｍｍとした。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing experimental results in the configuration of FIG.
As the outer tube 3, SS400 having a linear expansion coefficient of α = 11.7 × 10 −6 / K was used. The inner diameter of the outer tube 3 was d = 16.1 mm, and the length of the outer tube component 31 in the axial direction was 50 mm.
内管４としては、線膨張係数が０．５８×１０-6／Ｋである石英を用いた。内管４の外径は１６．０ｍｍ、内管４の軸方向の長さは８０ｍｍとした。すなわち、外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径と内管４の外径との差であるクリアランスｃ＝０．１ｍｍとした。 As the inner tube 4, quartz having a linear expansion coefficient of 0.58 × 10 −6 / K was used. The outer diameter of the inner tube 4 was 16.0 mm, and the length of the inner tube 4 in the axial direction was 80 mm. That is, the clearance c = 0.1 mm, which is the difference between the inner diameter of the outer tube 3 (outer tube component 31) and the outer diameter of the inner tube 4.
上述したように、外管３にＳＳ４００を使い、内管４に石英を使い、クリアランスｃ＝０．１ｍｍとしたとき、外管構成物３１の軸方向の最大長さ：Ｌは、外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径：ｄの４倍程度である。図４の実験では、外管３の内径ｄ：１６．１ｍｍ、外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さ：５０ｍｍとしており、すなわち外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さは、外管３（外管構成物３１）の内径：ｄの３倍程度と少し余裕を持たせてある。 As described above, when SS400 is used for the outer tube 3 and quartz is used for the inner tube 4 and the clearance c = 0.1 mm, the maximum axial length L of the outer tube component 31 is L. Inner diameter of (outer tube component 31): about 4 times d. In the experiment of FIG. 4, the inner diameter d of the outer tube 3 is 16.1 mm, and the axial length of the outer tube component 31 is 50 mm. That is, the axial length of the outer tube component 31 is the outer tube 3. Inner diameter of (outer tube component 31): A margin of about 3 times d is provided.
図１の本発明による構成、すなわち軸方向の長さ：５０ｍｍの外管構成物３１を６個組み合わせて誘導加熱したとき、入力電力＝１２ｋＷを加えて外管３を７００℃まで約１分で急速加熱しても、石英からなる内管４は破損しなかった。 The structure according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1, that is, when six outer tube components 31 having an axial length of 50 mm are combined and heated by induction, input power = 12 kW is applied and the outer tube 3 is heated to 700 ° C. in about 1 minute. Even with rapid heating, the inner tube 4 made of quartz was not damaged.
一方、従来のように外管３が３００ｍｍ、すなわち５０ｍｍの外管構成物３１が６個つながったものと同等の外管３を誘導加熱したとき、入力電力＝３．６ｋＷを加えて外管３が３８０℃になった時点で、石英からなる内管４が破損してしまった。なお、このような従来構成では、外管３が３００ｍｍというのは、外管３の内径：ｄの１８倍以上である。 On the other hand, when the outer tube 3 is 300 mm, i.e., when the outer tube 3 is equivalent to one having six 50 mm outer tube components 31 connected as in the conventional case, the input power = 3.6 kW is applied to the outer tube 3. When the temperature reached 380 ° C., the inner tube 4 made of quartz was broken. In such a conventional configuration, the outer tube 3 having a length of 300 mm is 18 times or more the inner diameter d of the outer tube 3.
よって、図１のように外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物３１の軸方向長さが所定値以下となるようにすれば、従来構成と比較して高いエネルギーを加えても、内管４が破損する恐れを小さくできる。 Therefore, if the axial lengths of the plurality of outer tube components 31 constituting the outer tube 3 are set to a predetermined value or less as shown in FIG. The possibility that the inner tube 4 is damaged can be reduced.
図５は、外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物３１を、電鋳層で構成した図である。
電鋳層３２は、石英からなる内管４に、ＳＳ４００を電鋳で形成する。内管４に複数個の外管構成物３１からなる電鋳層３２を形成するには、内管４の所定位置にマスクをしてＳＳ４００を電鋳で形成し、電鋳層３２の形成後にマスクを除去すればよい。
FIG. 5 is a diagram in which a plurality of outer tube components 31 constituting the outer tube 3 are configured by electroformed layers.
The electroformed layer 32 is formed by electroforming SS400 on the inner tube 4 made of quartz. In order to form the electroformed layer 32 composed of a plurality of outer tube components 31 on the inner tube 4, SS400 is formed by electroforming with a mask at a predetermined position of the inner tube 4. What is necessary is just to remove a mask.
このように、外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物３１を電鋳層３２で形成すると、外管３と内管４との間のクリアランスがないため効率よく熱伝導することができ、外管３を構成する複数個の外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さを所定値以下にして外管構成物の歪む距離を小さくすることで、加熱時に二重管が破損する恐れを小さくできる。 As described above, when the plurality of outer tube components 31 constituting the outer tube 3 are formed of the electroformed layer 32, there is no clearance between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4, and thus heat can be efficiently conducted. By reducing the axial length of the plurality of outer tube components 31 constituting the outer tube 3 to a predetermined value or less and reducing the distortion distance of the outer tube components, the double tube may be damaged during heating. Can be small.
図６は、外管３をスパイラル状に巻いて構成した図である。
外管３は、所定値以下の巾からなる帯状の板である帯状磁性体３２を使い、帯状磁性体３２同士が重なり合わないよう内管４をスパイラル状に巻いて構成する。帯状磁性体３２は、いわば磁性体テープである。帯状磁性体３２の巾は、図２における外管構成物３１の軸方向の長さを決めたときと同様に求められる。
FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the outer tube 3 is wound in a spiral shape.
The outer tube 3 is configured by using a strip-shaped magnetic body 32 that is a strip-shaped plate having a width of a predetermined value or less, and winding the inner tube 4 in a spiral shape so that the strip-shaped magnetic bodies 32 do not overlap each other. The band-shaped magnetic body 32 is a so-called magnetic tape. The width of the belt-like magnetic body 32 is obtained in the same manner as when the axial length of the outer tube component 31 in FIG. 2 is determined.
このように、外管３を、内管４をスパイラル状に巻く帯状磁性体３２で形成すると、外管３の歪む距離を小さくすることで、加熱時に二重管が破損する恐れを小さくできる。さらに、図２における外管構成物３１よりも部品点数を少なくできるという利点がある。 In this way, when the outer tube 3 is formed of a strip-shaped magnetic body 32 in which the inner tube 4 is wound in a spiral shape, the distance at which the outer tube 3 is distorted can be reduced to reduce the possibility of the double tube being damaged during heating. Furthermore, there is an advantage that the number of parts can be reduced as compared with the outer tube component 31 in FIG.
１ 交流電源
２ コイル
３ 外管
４ 内管
５ 潤滑剤
６ 断熱材
７ コイル冷却ジャケット
８ 被加熱流体
９ 冷却水
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 AC power supply 2 Coil 3 Outer tube 4 Inner tube 5 Lubricant 6 Heat insulating material 7 Coil cooling jacket 8 Heated fluid 9 Cooling water
Claims (11)
前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、
前記外管は磁性体であり且つ当該外管の軸方向の長さがそれぞれ所定値以下である複数個の外管構成物から構成する誘導加熱装置。 In an induction heating apparatus having a double pipe composed of an outer pipe having a circular cross section and an inner pipe having a circular cross section, and induction heating means for heating a fluid to be heated flowing in the double pipe,
The inner tube is made of a non-magnetic material,
The induction heating apparatus is composed of a plurality of outer tube constituents in which the outer tube is a magnetic body and the length of the outer tube in the axial direction is not more than a predetermined value.
前記外管構成物の軸方向の長さは、以下の式で求めるＬ以下である請求項１に記載の誘導加熱装置。
ｃ＝ｄ／αｔ×（１−ｃｏｓ（αｔ×Ｌ／２ｄ））
ここで、ｃ：内管の外径と外管の内径とのクリアランスの大きさ
ｄ：外管の内径
α：外管の線膨張係数
ｔ：加熱時に外管の円周方向に発生する最大温度差
Ｌ：外管構成物の軸方向の最大長さ The inner tube is made of a nonmagnetic material having a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the outer tube,
The induction heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the axial length of the outer tube component is equal to or less than L obtained by the following expression.
c = d / αt × (1-cos (αt × L / 2d))
Where c: the size of the clearance between the outer diameter of the inner tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube
d: Inner diameter of outer tube
α: Coefficient of linear expansion of outer tube
t: Maximum temperature difference generated in the circumferential direction of the outer tube during heating
L: Maximum axial length of the outer tube component
前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、
前記外管は所定値以下の巾からなる帯状磁性体で前記内管をスパイラル状に巻いて構成する誘導加熱装置。 In an induction heating apparatus having a double pipe composed of an outer pipe having a circular cross section and an inner pipe having a circular cross section, and induction heating means for heating a fluid to be heated flowing in the double pipe,
The inner tube is made of a non-magnetic material,
An induction heating apparatus in which the outer tube is a belt-like magnetic body having a width of a predetermined value or less and the inner tube is wound in a spiral shape.
前記外管の巾は、以下の式で求めるＬ以下である請求項３に記載の誘導加熱装置。
ｃ＝ｄ／αｔ×（１−ｃｏｓ（αｔ×Ｌ／２ｄ））
ここで、ｃ：内管の外径と外管の内径とのクリアランスの大きさ
ｄ：外管の内径
α：外管の線膨張係数
ｔ：加熱時に外管の円周方向に発生する最大温度差
Ｌ：外管構成物の軸方向の最大長さ The inner tube is made of a nonmagnetic material having a linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of the outer tube,
The induction heating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the width of the outer tube is equal to or less than L obtained by the following equation.
c = d / αt × (1-cos (αt × L / 2d))
Where c: the size of the clearance between the outer diameter of the inner tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube
d: Inner diameter of outer tube
α: Coefficient of linear expansion of outer tube
t: Maximum temperature difference generated in the circumferential direction of the outer tube during heating
L: Maximum axial length of the outer tube component
前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、
前記外管は磁性体であり且つ当該外管の軸方向の長さがそれぞれ所定値以下に当該外管の断面方向で分割して構成する誘導加熱装置。 In an induction heating apparatus having a double pipe composed of an outer pipe and an inner pipe, and induction heating means for heating a fluid to be heated flowing in the double pipe,
The inner tube is made of a non-magnetic material,
An induction heating apparatus in which the outer tube is a magnetic body, and the axial length of the outer tube is divided into a predetermined value or less in the cross-sectional direction of the outer tube.
前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、
前記外管は磁性体であり且つ当該外管の軸方向の長さがそれぞれ所定値以下である複数個の外管構成物から構成する二重管。 In a double tube composed of a circular outer tube and a circular inner tube through which a fluid heated by induction heating flows,
The inner tube is made of a non-magnetic material,
The outer tube is a double tube made of a plurality of outer tube components each made of a magnetic material and having an axial length of the outer tube equal to or less than a predetermined value.
前記内管は非磁性体で構成し、
前記外管は所定値以下の巾からなる帯状磁性体で前記内管をスパイラル状に巻いて構成する二重管。 In a double tube composed of a circular outer tube and a circular inner tube through which a fluid heated by induction heating flows,
The inner tube is made of a non-magnetic material,
The outer tube is a double tube formed by winding the inner tube in a spiral shape with a belt-like magnetic body having a width of a predetermined value or less.
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