JP2012021047A - Carbon support, method and apparatus for producing carbon support, method and apparatus for producing gas, power generation method, and power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbon support more inexpensive and more available compared with alumina particles and metal oxide particles, and usable for various purposes; a method and an apparatus for producing the carbon support.SOLUTION: The carbon support is produced by the steps of: heating organic matter to pyrolyze the organic matter into a gas containing tar; bringing the tar-containing gas generated by pyrolysis into contact with volcaniclastic material particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates to precipitate carbonaceous solid onto the volcaniclastic material particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or cabonates; and collecting the carbon support on which the carbonaceous solid is attached.

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbon carrier obtained by adhering a carbonaceous solid containing carbon as a main component to an inorganic substance that holds or forms pores at a coking temperature, for example, 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and carbon carrier production The present invention relates to a method, a carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus, a gas generation method using the carbon carrier, a gas generator, a power generation method and a power generator using the carbon carrier.

  In recent years, biomass has attracted attention as an energy source that does not increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. For example, wood, paper, manure, agricultural products, etc. are examples of biomass, but these biomass are recycled because the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by living organisms offsets the amount of carbon dioxide emitted when biomass is burned. Called possible energy.

As a method of using the energy of biomass, there is a gasification power generation device. In the gasification power generation apparatus, combustible gas generated by thermally decomposing biomass at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher is used as fuel for the generator.
In the biomass gasification process, char (charcoal) and combustible gas are generated, and tar is also generated. The generated tar is vaporized and contained in the combustible gas in a high temperature state such as a gasification step. Hereinafter, a gas containing a combustible gas, a gas phase tar, or the like generated in the gasification step is referred to as a tar-containing gas. However, it is necessary to cool the generated tar-containing gas in order to put it in the generator. The tar content is condensed in this cooling process and in the low-temperature part of the pipe, and it adheres to each part and blocks the pipe. Cause a bug. Further, the tar that has flowed into the generator adheres as carbon in the combustion chamber or the like, causing wear and seizure.

Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for removing tar contained in a tar-containing gas by bringing the tar-containing gas into contact with porous alumina.
Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for removing a tar contained in a tar-containing gas by bringing the tar-containing gas into contact with metal oxide particles and simultaneously producing a reduced product of the metal oxide. .

JP 2009-132746 A JP 2009-298967 A

However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is necessary to prepare expensive alumina particles.
In addition, there is a problem that the use of the carbon carrier in which the carbonaceous solid is adhered to the alumina particles is limited to the reuse.
Furthermore, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, securing of a stable supplier of metal oxide particles, a demand for a reduced product of the produced metal oxide, and transportation costs thereof are problems. There was a problem that the location of the device was limited.

  Traditionally, tar decomposition using porous alumina and metal oxides was presumed to be due to the catalytic action of the metal, so when considering alternative materials for porous alumina and metal oxides, metals have been studied exclusively. As a result of intensive studies, the inventor of the present application has obtained knowledge that tar can be decomposed by using an inorganic substance that retains or forms pores at a coking temperature, for example, 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C. It was.

  The present invention is based on such knowledge, and is more readily available, cheaper and more versatile than alumina particles and metal oxide particles, and is a versatile carbon carrier, carbon carrier production method, and carbon carrier production. An object is to provide a device, a gas generation method using the carbon carrier, a gas generation device, a power generation method and a power generation device using the carbon carrier.

  The carbon carrier according to the present invention is a carbon carrier obtained by adhering a carbonaceous solid mainly composed of carbon to porous mineral particles, wherein the porous mineral particles are porous volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth. And clay minerals or carbonates.

  The carbon carrier according to the present invention is characterized in that the volcanic debris particles contain Kanuma soil.

  The carbon carrier production method according to the present invention is a method for producing the carbon carrier, wherein the organic substance is thermally decomposed into a tar-containing gas by heating the organic substance, and the tar-containing gas generated by the thermal decomposition is obtained. The carbon obtained by depositing a carbonaceous solid on the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate by contacting with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate. The carrier is recovered.

  The carbon carrier production method according to the present invention is characterized in that the gas after the tar-containing gas is brought into contact with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate is recovered.

  The carbon carrier production method according to the present invention is characterized in that a carbonaceous solid produced by thermal decomposition of the organic matter is recovered.

  The carbon carrier production apparatus according to the present invention is a carbon carrier production apparatus for producing the carbon carrier, wherein the organic substance is heated to thermally decompose the organic substance into a tar-containing gas; Means for allowing a tar-containing gas generated by pyrolysis to flow through the accumulation, having a container for accommodating the accumulation of volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate, and heating for heating the container And a means for recovering a carbon carrier formed by adhering a carbonaceous solid.

  The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention comprises means for recovering gas after contacting the tar-containing gas with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate, and means for burning the recovered gas. The thermal decomposition means and / or the heating means are configured to perform thermal decomposition of organic matter and / or heating of the container using heat generated by combustion of the gas. .

  The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a carbonaceous solid recovery means for recovering a carbonaceous solid generated by thermal decomposition.

  The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention supplies means for recovering the gas after contacting the tar-containing gas with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate, and supplies the recovered gas to the gas engine. Means.

  In the gas generation method according to the present invention, a hydrogen gas and / or a carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier, and bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier. It collects.

  The gas generating apparatus according to the present invention includes a carbon carrier containing container for containing an accumulation in which the carbon carrier is accumulated, means for passing a gas containing water vapor through the accumulation, and the carbon carrier. And a means for recovering hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by contacting a gas containing water vapor.

  The power generation method according to the present invention uses hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier, and bringing the gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier. It supplies to a battery, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The power generation device according to the present invention has a carbon carrier containing container for containing an accumulation in which the carbon carrier is accumulated, means for passing a gas containing water vapor through the accumulation, and the carbon carrier, And a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by contacting a gas containing water vapor.

In the carbon carrier according to the present invention, carbon that can be used as an energy source by adhering carbonaceous solids mainly composed of carbon to porous volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates. A carrier is realized. In addition, porous volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates are easily available, inexpensive and versatile compared to metal oxide particles such as alumina particles and goethite.
In addition, by utilizing various characteristics such as light carbon carrier, black color and high heat ray absorption rate, and low phosphate adsorption coefficient, artificial light soil, soil improvement material, snow melting material, soil Excellent effect as a coating material. Volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, and clay minerals are inorganic substances that are porous and can retain pores at the coking temperature. Carbonate is an inorganic substance that can be thermally decomposed at the coking temperature to form pores. For example, the carbonate is calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or the like, and thermally decomposes at a coking temperature to release carbon dioxide CO ₂ to form pores. The coking temperature is a temperature at which the tar contained in the tar-containing gas can be decomposed by bringing the tar into contact with the porous inorganic substance, and is, for example, 400 ° C to 1000 ° C.

  In the carbon carrier according to the present invention, Kanuma soil is included as volcanic debris particles. Kanuma soil has a higher carbon loading than other volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates.

  In the carbon carrier production method and apparatus according to the present invention, the tar-containing gas is brought into contact with volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate by contacting the tar-containing gas generated by pyrolyzing the organic matter. The contained tar is decomposed by volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates, becomes carbonaceous solid, adheres to the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates, and a carbon support is generated. .

In the carbon carrier production method and apparatus according to the present invention, a gas having a reduced tar concentration is recovered as compared with a tar-containing gas produced by thermal decomposition of an organic substance.
Moreover, the heat required for manufacturing the carbon carrier can be obtained by burning the gas with reduced tar concentration.

  In the carbon carrier production method and apparatus according to the present invention, the carbonaceous solid produced by the thermal decomposition of the organic matter is recovered. The carbonaceous solid can also be used as an energy source.

  In the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, the recovered gas can be input to a gas engine and used for power generation or the like.

  In the gasification method and apparatus according to the present invention, by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon support, the water vapor is reduced by the carbonaceous solid of the carbon support to generate hydrogen gas. The carbonaceous solid is oxidized to generate carbon monoxide.

  In the power generation method and apparatus according to the present invention, power can be generated by a fuel cell using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide generated using a carbon support.

  In the carbon carrier according to the present invention, it is easier to obtain and cheaper than alumina particles and metal oxide particles, and as an energy source, light soil, soil conditioner, snow melting agent, soil covering material, etc. Can be used.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the carbon carrier manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows a part of experiment apparatus used for the experiment which produces | generates a carbon carrier. 4 is a chart showing the relationship between porous mineral particles and carbon loading. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the average particle diameter of a porous mineral particle, and a carbon loading rate. It is a schematic diagram which shows one structural example of the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the gasifier which concerns on this Embodiment, and an electric power generating apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the other structural example of the gasifier which concerns on this Embodiment, and an electric power generating apparatus.

  The present invention provides a method for removing tar from a tar-containing gas by contacting the tar-containing gas with a porous mineral that can be obtained at low cost, for example, volcanic debris particles. In this method, tar-free gas, char and carbon carrier are produced together. By removing the tar from the tar-containing gas generated from the biomass, it is possible to generate power without causing a problem in the generator. In addition, the porous mineral particles that have become a carbon carrier in the tar removal process change to properties different from those before adhesion. If this characteristic is used, it can be used for snow melting materials, soil improvement materials, light artificial soils, and the like.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof.
<Method for producing carbon support>
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a carbon carrier manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, prepare biomass. Biomass is a high molecular weight organic substance derived from living organisms, and in the case of wood, it consists of cellulose, lignin, and the like.

  The biomass is then pyrolyzed at 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C., whereby the biomass is pyrolyzed into low molecular weight gas, high molecular weight char (carbonaceous solid), and tar having a molecular weight in between. The generated gas is composed of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and the like, and is a component that becomes a gas at room temperature. Tar is a component that becomes liquid or solid at room temperature, but in the temperature range of 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C., it is gaseous tar vapor. Gas and tar become gas phase components generated by pyrolysis of biomass, and char becomes a residue by pyrolysis. The gas phase component corresponds to a tar-containing gas. Separately, water vapor is generated by polycondensation of organic matter in the biomass. Water vapor is a liquid at normal temperature and is recovered as a liquid by a subsequent gas cooling device.

Next, the tar-containing gas generated by biomass pyrolysis is brought into contact with the porous mineral particles at 400 ° C to 1000 ° C. While the tar-containing gas is in contact with the surface of the porous mineral particle, tar is decomposed on the surface of the porous mineral particle, and a carbonaceous solid containing carbon as a main component adheres to the surface of the porous mineral particle. By decomposing tar, the tar concentration in the tar-containing gas is reduced, and a gas containing almost no tar is generated. Hereinafter, the gas having a reduced tar concentration in the tar-containing gas is referred to as a tar-free gas. In addition, a carbon carrier in which a carbonaceous solid adheres to the surface of the porous mineral particles is generated.
And the produced | generated carbon support body, the char produced | generated by thermal decomposition of biomass, and a tar non-containing gas are collect | recovered.

  The porous mineral particles in the present embodiment are volcanic debris particles having a large number of pores, for example, foaming volcanic gravel like Kanuma soil. The larger the specific surface area of the porous mineral particles, the larger the amount of carbon contained in the carbon carrier, which is preferable when used as fuel, but when used in applications other than fuel, Since it is not necessary to increase the amount of carbon contained, it can be selected according to the location conditions of the manufacturing apparatus without being limited by the specific surface area.

The reason for setting the thermal decomposition temperature to 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C. is as follows. If the pyrolysis temperature is 1000 ° C. or higher, the tar content in the tar-containing gas generated during pyrolysis of biomass is decomposed by heat and becomes a trace amount, and the carbon content once attached to the carbon support is C + CO ₂ = 2CO 2. It is desirable that the temperature be 1000 ° C. or lower because the reaction is caused to dissipate and the carbon content of the carbon carrier is suppressed. Moreover, since the rate at which tar contacting the surface of the porous mineral particles decomposes at a temperature lower than 400 ° C., the temperature at which the tar-containing gas generated by the thermal decomposition of biomass is brought into contact with the porous mineral particles is 400 ° C. It is necessary to be above. In order to increase the yield of carbonaceous solid, the temperature at which the tar-containing gas is brought into contact with the porous mineral particles is preferably 500 ° C to 800 ° C.

A part of the carbonaceous solid deposited on the surface of the porous mineral particles undergoes a reaction represented by the following formula (1) with carbon dioxide generated by thermal decomposition of biomass and is released as carbon monoxide CO gas. .
C + CO ₂ = 2CO (1)
Since the reaction represented by the above formula (1) is accelerated as the temperature rises, carbon support is achieved by changing the temperature at which the porous mineral particles are brought into contact with the tar-containing gas generated by the thermal decomposition of biomass. The carbon content contained in the body and the calorific value of the gas not containing tar can be changed.

  The carbonaceous solid adhering to the carbon carrier produced by the carbon carrier production method according to the present embodiment has carbon as a main component, and the carbon content is 70% or more by weight. Since the carbonaceous solid is mainly composed of carbon, the carbon support can be used as a fuel. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to use carbon contained in tar, which was only removed from the gas in the prior art, as an energy source. Further, the carbon carrier does not contain tar which is a volatile component. That is, the carbon carrier of the present embodiment is easy to transport because it is a solid, and has high safety because it does not have volatility, and it circulates easily and without danger as an energy source derived from biomass. It is possible. In addition, after using the carbon carrier of this Embodiment as a fuel, porous mineral particles remain | survive and this porous mineral particle can be recycled again as a raw material of a carbon carrier.

  Moreover, according to the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment, gas and char not containing tar can be manufactured from biomass. Since the produced gas and char do not contain tar, they can be used as high-quality fuel. In other words, in the present embodiment, carbon originally contained in biomass can be used in the form of gas, carbon carrier and char, so that the carbon utilization efficiency of biomass is improved.

<Experiment regarding carbon carrier production method>
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a part of an experimental apparatus used in an experiment for generating a carbon carrier. The biomass supply hopper 11 has a function of feeding a certain amount of biomass into the carbonization furnace 12 by a certain amount. The carbonization furnace 12 is an external heating type, and the inside is a screw conveyor and has a function of moving the biomass while pyrolyzing it. The biomass charged into the carbonization furnace 12 from the biomass supply hopper 11 moves through the carbonization furnace 12 while being thermally decomposed, and flows into the reaction furnace 13 together with the tar-containing gas. The reaction furnace 13 is heated from the outside, and a porous mineral particle layer 13a is provided in advance. The biomass flowing into the reactor 13 accumulates on the porous mineral particle layer 13a, and the tar-containing gas passes through the porous mineral particle layer 13a, is cooled by the cooler 14, and is discharged from the induction blower 15 to the outside. Is done. The induction blower 15 has a function of discharging tar-containing gas to the outside and condensing and extracting the tar content remaining in the tar-containing gas by centrifugal force. The extracted tar content can be taken out from the cock 16 provided at the lower part of the induction blower 15, and the tar content remaining in the tar-containing gas can be estimated. Further, the path from the biomass supply hopper 11 to the induction blower 15 is all cut off from the outside air so that the atmosphere does not flow.

  In the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 2, larch chips as biomass samples, and porous particles such as pure sand, Kanuma soil, dredged sand, gravel, goethite, spent catalyst, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, and alumina as porous mineral particles. The temperature of the reaction furnace 13 was set to 600 to 650 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas of biomass and porous mineral particles were brought into contact with each other to produce a carbon carrier. Pure sand soil, Kanuma soil, dredged sand, and gravel are porous volcanic debris particles. When the produced carbon support was chemically analyzed, depending on the type, when volcanic debris particles were used as porous mineral particles, the carbon content contained a maximum of about 20 wt%. Moreover, the temperature of the carbonization furnace 12 is set to about 500-550 degreeC. It is said that the amount of tar generated when carbonizing a tree at about 500 to 550 ° C. is about 20% with respect to the dry weight of the tree. On the other hand, although depending on the type of volcanic ash, the type of biomass and the input amount, the amount of tar recovered from the induction blower 15 is about 0.7 to 5% with respect to the biomass dry weight, and the decomposition of the tar content has progressed. It was.

  FIG. 3 is a chart showing the relationship between porous mineral particles and carbon loading. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the average particle size of the porous mineral particles and the carbon loading rate. FIG. 3 shows various porous mineral particles, their average particle diameter, and the relationship between the carbon loading rate and the total carbon loading rate. The total carbon loading indicates the weight percent of the carbonaceous solid adhering to the porous mineral particles after contact with the tar-containing gas. The carbon loading ratio indicates the carbon loading ratio obtained by subtracting the amount of carbonaceous solid that had been deposited from the beginning in the previous stage of contact with the tar-containing gas, that is, the weight percentage of the carbonaceous solid derived from the tar-containing gas. . The horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 4 indicates the average particle diameter of the porous mineral particles, and the vertical axis indicates the carbon loading rate. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, Kanuma soil has an extremely high carbon support rate and is suitable as a carbon support material.

<Carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus and method>
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment. The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus includes a carbonization furnace 33 that thermally decomposes biomass into combustible tar-containing gas and char, and a reactor that reforms the tar-containing gas into a tar-free gas and simultaneously produces a carbon carrier. 40.

  The carbonization furnace 33 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and is installed in a substantially horizontal posture inside a heating furnace 53 of an external hot air heating tank system that heats the carbonization furnace 33 to 400 to 1000 ° C. A biomass supply hopper 31 that supplies biomass into the pipe is coupled to a biomass supply port provided at one end of the carbonization furnace 33 via a biomass supply valve 32. A conveying screw 33a for conveying biomass supplied from the hopper 31 and the biomass supply port to the other end side is provided. The conveying screw 33a is driven by a motor 33b. The carbonization furnace 33 has a char discharge port at the other end. A char collection hopper 36 is provided at the char discharge port via a char retention hopper 34 and a char collection auxiliary valve 35. A char collection valve 37 is provided at the discharge port of the char collection hopper 36.

  An exhaust port is formed at an appropriate location of the char retention hopper 34, and a pipe for connecting the tar-containing gas generated by the thermal decomposition of biomass to the reaction furnace 40 is connected to the exhaust port.

  The reaction furnace 40 has a vertically long cylindrical shape, and is disposed inside a heating furnace 52 that heats the reaction furnace 40 to 500 ° C. to 800 ° C. The reaction furnace 40 accommodates an accumulation in which porous mineral particles are accumulated. For example, a porous mineral particle supply hopper 38 for supplying porous mineral particles to the reaction furnace 40 is provided through a porous mineral particle supply valve 39 at the porous mineral particle inlet formed in the upper part of the reaction furnace 40. It has been. The reaction furnace 40 has a gas inlet at the upper end side, and a pipe communicating with the carbonization furnace 33 is connected to the gas inlet, so that tar-containing gas generated by pyrolysis of biomass is supplied to the reactor 40. It is configured to flow in and flow through an accumulation of porous mineral particles. When the tar-containing gas comes into contact with the porous mineral particles at a temperature of 500 ° C. to 800 ° C., a tar-free gas from which tar is removed and a versatile carbon support are produced together.

  The reaction furnace 40 has a carbon carrier discharge port for discharging the carbon carrier at the lower end. One end side of the screw conveyor 41 is connected to the carbon carrier discharge port, and a carbon carrier collection hopper 43 is provided on the other end side of the screw conveyor 41 via a carbon carrier collection auxiliary valve 42. ing. The screw conveyor 41 is provided with a conveying screw 41a that conveys the carbon carrier discharged from the reaction furnace 40 to the other end side. The conveying screw 41a is driven by a motor 41b. A carbon carrier recovery valve 44 is provided at the discharge port of the carbon carrier recovery hopper 43.

  Moreover, the reaction furnace 40 has a discharge port for discharging the tar-free gas at an appropriate lower portion. A cooler 45 is connected to the discharge port via a pipe. The cooler 45 condenses moisture contained in the tar-containing gas by cooling the tar-containing gas. The condensed moisture is discharged from the drain valve 46 of the cooler 45. Further, the tar remaining in the tar-containing gas is condensed and misted by the cooler 45. An attraction blower 47 is connected to the cooler 45, and the tar-containing gas containing the misted tar is attracted by the attraction blower 47, and the attraction blower 47 separates the misted tar by centrifugal force. To do. The separated tar is recovered from the drain valve 48 of the induction blower 47.

  A gas engine 49 and a combustion furnace 50 are connected to the induction blower 47, and the tar-free gas from which moisture and residual tar have been removed is supplied to the gas engine 49 and the combustion furnace 50. The combustion furnace 50 burns the tar-free gas supplied from the induction blower 47 or the propane gas supplied from the LPG cylinder 51. The combustion furnace 50 is connected in order to the heating furnaces 52 and 53 and the exhaust blower 54 through piping, and high-temperature combustion gas generated by a tar-free gas or propane gas fuel is sent to the heating furnaces 52 and 53. The exhaust blower 54 is configured to be used, for example, for drying biomass.

  The gas engine 49 is a device that outputs power using all or part of the tar-free gas. The power of the gas engine 49 is used for power generation, for example.

Hereinafter, the operation of the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus configured as described above will be described.
The inside of the carbonization furnace 33 is a screw conveyor 41, and has a function of moving biomass while thermally decomposing it. The biomass supply hopper 31 that supplies biomass to the carbonization furnace 33 has a function of supplying biomass quantitatively, and supplies biomass to the carbonization furnace 33 within a range that does not exceed the biomass treatment in the carbonization furnace 33. The pyrolyzed and carbonized char and tar-containing gas flows into the char retention hopper 34. Char generated by pyrolysis of biomass in the char retention hopper 34 falls due to its own weight and flows into the char collection hopper 36 through the char collection auxiliary valve 35. The char can be continuously taken out by the procedure of closing the char collection auxiliary valve 35 and then releasing the char collection valve 37. When the biomass supply hopper 31 is empty, the biomass supply valve 32 is closed, the hatch of the biomass supply hopper 31 is opened, biomass is introduced, the biomass supply hopper 31 is opened after closing the hatch, Replenish biomass while preventing inflow. While releasing the biomass supply valve 32 from the hatch closure, the inside of the biomass supply hopper 31 is scavenged with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a tar-containing gas or a tar-free gas generated by thermal decomposition of biomass, The inflow amount of air may be further reduced.

  The tar-containing gas generated by pyrolysis of biomass in the carbonization furnace 33 flows into the char retention hopper 34, and is sucked out from the upper part by the induction blower 47 and reaches the reaction furnace 40. The reaction furnace 40 is heated from the outside, and porous mineral particles are accumulated. The tar-containing gas containing the tar content is decomposed and removed by contact with the porous mineral particles. Porous mineral particles change to a carbon carrier to which carbon is attached by contact with tar. The carbon carrier is taken out from the reaction furnace 40 by the screw conveyor 41 connected to the lower part of the reaction furnace 40 and accumulated in the carbon carrier collection hopper 43. In order to take out the carbon carrier from the carbon carrier recovery hopper 43, the screw conveyor 41 is temporarily stopped, the carbon carrier recovery auxiliary valve 42 is closed, and the carbon carrier recovery valve 44 is released. The porous mineral particles fall by their own weight from the porous mineral particle supply hopper 38 and are supplied to the reaction furnace 40 according to the amount of the carbon carrier taken out from the reaction furnace 40 by the screw conveyor 41. When the porous mineral particle supply hopper 38 is emptied, the porous mineral particle supply valve 39 is closed, the porous mineral particle supply hopper 38 is opened, the porous mineral particles are introduced, and the hatch is closed. Opening the porous mineral particle supply valve 39 replenishes the porous mineral particles while preventing the inflow of air. While releasing the porous mineral particle supply valve 39 from the hatch closure, the inside of the porous mineral particle supply hopper 38 is inert gas such as nitrogen gas, or tar-containing gas or tar-free gas generated by thermal decomposition of biomass. The amount of inflow of air may be further reduced by scavenging with.

  The tar-free gas from which the tar content has been removed in the reaction furnace 40 reaches the combustion furnace 50 through the cooler 45 by the induction blower 47 and burns. The high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion is used to heat the reaction furnace 40 and the carbonization furnace 33 and is released to the atmosphere by the exhaust blower 54. The tar remaining in the gas phase is condensed by the cooler 45 to be mist, separated by the centrifugal blower 47 by the attraction blower 47, and recovered from the drain valve 48. Further, moisture in the gas phase is condensed by the cooler 45 and discharged from the drain valve 46. Preheating at the time of start-up of the apparatus is performed by propane gas fed from the LPG cylinder 51 to the combustion furnace 50. After the thermal decomposition of the biomass is stably performed, the combustible tar generated by the thermal decomposition of the biomass Operate the equipment with only non-containing gas.

  The gas engine 49 is driven by introducing all or part of the tar-free gas obtained by biomass decomposition, and the high-temperature exhaust gas is introduced into the combustion furnace 50 and used for heating the reaction furnace 40 and the carbonization furnace 33.

The tar-free gas, carbon carrier, and char can be produced by the carbon carrier production apparatus of the present embodiment as described above. Since the carbon carrier and char are solid, safe and easy to transport, they can be transported and used as an energy source.
It can also be used for applications such as snow melting and soil improvement.
Furthermore, by changing the temperature of the reaction furnace 40 and the carbonization furnace 33 and the time for which the carbon carrier is retained in the reaction furnace 40, the amount of energy of the carbon carrier, char, and combustible gas changes. For example, when the energy demand in a place away from the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus is increased, the generation amount of the carbon carrier and char is reduced by lowering the temperature of the carbonization furnace 33 and the reaction furnace 40 and shortening the residence time. If the demand for energy in the vicinity of the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus increases, adjustments such as the reverse operation can be performed.

  Moreover, the carbon carrier of the present embodiment can be used as a fuel. Furthermore, the carbon support of the present embodiment can be used as a hydrogen generation source by a water gasification reaction.

Furthermore, the carbon carrier of the present embodiment can be used as a snow melting material, a soil improving material, a light artificial soil, and a soil covering material.
Since the carbon carrier manufactured in the present embodiment is black and has high heat ray absorbability, it can be used as a snow melting material. Snow melting performance is equivalent to pulverized coal.
In addition, volcanic debris particles are generally acidic and have a high phosphate adsorption coefficient, which hinders plant growth. However, the volcanic debris particles to which carbon is attached as a carbon carrier are neutralized, the phosphate adsorption coefficient is greatly reduced, and there is no problem in spreading the soil. The carbon support is considered to be neutralized by reducing H + ions contained in volcanic debris particles with carbon. Conventionally, volcanic debris particles have been used as a soil conditioner only in the case of plants that prefer acidic soil for the purpose of improving water permeability, but the volcanic debris particles produced by this embodiment are used as raw materials. The carbon carrier as described above can be used as a soil conditioner that improves water permeability even for plants that do not like acidic soil.

  Volcanic debris particles are generally light, so-called pumice, and are useful as raw materials for artificial light soil for rooftop greening. However, as mentioned above, normal volcanic debris particles are acidic and are not suitable for plant growth, and materials for neutralizing acidity are mixed in advance, or neutralization treatment is regularly performed. There is a need to do. Since the carbon carrier made from the volcanic debris particles produced in the present embodiment is neutral, if used as a raw material for artificial light soil, production and maintenance costs and labor can be reduced. .

  The soil covering material is also called mulch material, and is applied to the roots of plants with the aim of preventing weed propagation and increasing the soil temperature. The carbon carrier produced in the present embodiment does not contain nutrients that will cause weeds to grow, and since it is blackened, it can absorb heat rays and increase the ground temperature, so it can be used as a soil covering material. Can also be used. Moreover, after using as a soil covering material, it is sufficient to pour it into the soil as it is, and it can be used simply.

  Furthermore, volcanic debris particles are generated at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and do not denature even when heated. If this characteristic is used, hydrogen gas is generated by the water gasification reaction using the adhering carbon content, or the carbon content is burned and used as an energy source, and then the carbon content is again added to the volcanic debris particles. It can be attached and reused many times as a carbon carrier

  Note that the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus shown in the figure is an example of the present invention, and the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment may have other configurations. For example, the char, carbon carrier, and combustible gas each recovers the thermal energy immediately after the reaction, and the biomass and porous mineral particles are dried or preheated before being put into the carbon carrier production equipment It may be. A configuration in which the heating furnace is omitted and the combustible gas is burned only by the gas engine 49, or a configuration in which the gas engine 49 is omitted may be employed. The high temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion furnace 50 may be circulated inside the carbonization furnace 33 and the reaction furnace 40. A configuration in which a plurality of reaction furnaces 40 are provided and each is filled with porous mineral particles, and the porous mineral particles are continuously produced by switching to a carbon carrier, and the inside of the reaction furnace 40 is a fluidized bed. It may be configured as follows. The structure used for the preheating at the time of starting a manufacturing apparatus using the manufactured carbon support body and char may be sufficient.

<Gasification apparatus / method and power generation apparatus / method>
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the gasifier and the power generator according to the present embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the electric power generating apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment which produces electric power using the hydrogen generated from the carbon carrier which concerns on this Embodiment. The power generator according to the present embodiment includes a high-temperature operating fuel cell 67 such as a solid oxide fuel cell, and a gasification reactor 61 that generates hydrogen gas to be used in the fuel cell 67.

  In the gasification reactor 61, a gasification reaction of water or water vapor to gasify the carbon carrier and a supply device 63 that supplies the carbon carrier to the gasification reactor 61 from the storage device 62 that stores the carbon carrier. A steam supply device 60 for supplying the gas to the vessel 61 is provided, and a recovery device 64 for collecting the porous mineral particles, which are volcanic debris particles after the gasification reaction, from the gasification reactor 61 is provided. The gasification reactor 61 is connected to a desulfurizer 65 filled with particles having a desulfurization ability such as dolomite through a gas pipe, and the gas generated by the gasification reactor 61 flows into the desulfurizer 65. It has become. The desulfurizer 65 is connected to a reformer 66 filled with a catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming such as a nickel catalyst through a gas pipe, and the gas from the desulfurizer 65 flows into the reformer 66. It has become. The reformer 66 is connected to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 67 through a gas pipe, and the gas from the reformer 66 is introduced into the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 67. Further, the fuel cell 67 is provided with an air supply device 68 for supplying air to the air electrode, and further connected to a power output unit 69 for outputting the power generated by the fuel cell 67 to the outside. Further, the fuel cell 67 is connected to the gasification reactor 61 by a gas pipe, and supplies at least a part of exhaust gas containing water vapor of 700 ° C. or higher discharged from the fuel cell 67 to the gasification reactor 61. It has become.

  The air supply device 68 supplies the carbon carrier to the gasification reactor 61 from the reservoir 62 at a predetermined rate, and the supplied carbon carrier becomes an accumulation in the gasification reactor 61. The water vapor of 700 ° C. or higher contained in the exhaust gas supplied from the fuel cell 67 to the gasification reactor 61 flows into the carbon support aggregate. When the high-temperature water vapor contacts the carbon carrier covered with the carbonaceous solid containing carbon as a main component, a water gasification reaction occurs between the water vapor and the carbon, and hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are generated. When the temperature at which the water vapor contacts the carbon support is less than 700 ° C., the efficiency of the water gasification reaction is lowered, so the temperature of the water vapor supplied to the gasification reactor 61 needs to be 700 ° C. or higher. There is. The recovery device 64 recovers porous mineral particles that have been sufficiently returned to their original state through the passage of water vapor. The porous mineral particles recovered by the recovery device 64 are recycled.

  The gas generated by the gasification reactor 61 contains water vapor, carbon dioxide, and a trace amount of hydrocarbons in addition to hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The gas generated by the gasification reactor 61 is desulfurized by the desulfurizer 65, and the reformer 66 reforms the hydrocarbons to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are supplied from the reformer 66 to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 67, and air is supplied from the air supply unit 68 to the air electrode of the fuel cell 67, so that the fuel cell 67 generates power. The power generated by the fuel cell 67 is output from the power output unit 69 to the outside.

  As described above, the carbon carrier of the present embodiment is used as a hydrogen gas generation source by the water gasification reaction by the power generation apparatus of the present embodiment, and the fuel cell 67 using the generated hydrogen as fuel generates power. Do. Since the high-temperature fuel cell has high power generation efficiency, this embodiment makes it possible to use biomass-derived energy with high efficiency.

  Note that the power generation device illustrated in FIG. 6 is an example of the present embodiment, and the power generation device of the present embodiment may have other configurations.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the gasifier and the power generator according to the present embodiment. The power generation apparatus includes a heat recovery unit 70 that recovers heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 67. The heat recovery machine 70 is configured to generate steam at 700 ° C. or higher with the heat recovered from the fuel cell 67 and supply the generated steam to the gasification reactor 61. Furthermore, the power generation device includes a heat recovery unit 71 that recovers the heat retained by the porous mineral particles recovered from the gasification reactor 61 by the recovery unit 64. The heat recovery machine 71 has a configuration in which the carbon carrier stored in the storage 62 is heated in advance by the recovered heat using a heat medium such as water vapor. The other configuration of the power generation device is the same as the configuration of the power generation device shown in FIG.

  The air supply device 68 supplies the carbon carrier previously heated to a certain temperature from the storage 62 to the gasification reactor 61, and the heat recovery device 70 supplies water vapor of 700 ° C. or higher to the gasification reactor 61, Also, water or water vapor is supplied to the gasification reactor 61 by the water vapor supply device 60, and high temperature water vapor contacts the carbon support in the gasification reactor 61, thereby generating hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The generated hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 67 through the desulfurizer 65 and the reformer 66, whereby the fuel cell 67 generates power. By recovering the heat of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell 67 by the heat recovery machine 70 and generating high-temperature water vapor, a gas having a high water vapor content is supplied to the gasification reactor 61 to efficiently produce hydrogen gas and Carbon monoxide can be generated. Further, the porous mineral particles recovered from the gasification reactor 61 by the recovery device 64 retains heat, and the heat recovery device 71 recovers the heat of the porous mineral particles to preheat the carbon support. The thermal efficiency of the power generator can be improved.

  Further, the power generation device of the present embodiment may be configured to generate water vapor at 700 ° C. or more by supplying energy from the outside. 6 and 7 show an example of an external reforming type power generation device, the power generation device of the present embodiment supplies a carbon carrier and water vapor to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and hydrogen on the fuel electrode. It may be an internal reforming type power generation device that generates power by generating gas and carbon monoxide. Further, the hydrogen gas generated using the carbon support of the present embodiment is not limited to use in a fuel cell, but the hydrogen gas generated by the water gasification reaction is recovered and used for other purposes. It is also possible to do.

In addition, volcanic debris particles have been described as porous mineral particles that generate a carbon support by attaching a carbonaceous solid, but porous diatomaceous earth, clay minerals such as zeolite, carbonates, porous minerals It can also be used as particles. Examples of the carbonate include calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Examples of the material containing calcium carbonate include shells. Carbon carrier production method, carbon carrier production device, gas production method, gas production device, power generation method and power generation device using diatomaceous earth, clay mineral and carbonate are the same as each device and method using volcanic debris particles Therefore, detailed description thereof is omitted.
In the case of carbon carriers manufactured with shells containing carbonate, the shell itself has calcium in addition to its effect as a snow melting material, so it is used to replenish calcium to the soil and neutralize acidic soils. It becomes a useful agricultural material that can be done. Since clay minerals such as zeolite and diatomaceous earth can be used as a soil conditioner for enhancing fertilizer (CEC), the carbon carrier produced from them can be used as a snowmelt material in addition to fertilizer ( This is a useful agricultural material that can improve CEC.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the meanings described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 31 Biomass supply hopper 32 Biomass supply valve 33 Carbonization furnace 34 Char residence hopper 35 Char collection auxiliary valve 36 Char collection hopper 37 Char collection valve 38 Porous mineral particle supply hopper 39 Porous mineral particle supply valve 40 Reactor 41 Screw conveyor 42 Carbon Carrier support auxiliary valve 43 Carbon carrier recovery hopper 44 Carbon carrier recovery valve 45 Cooler 46 Drain valve 47 Induction blower 48 Drain valve 49 Gas engine 50 Combustion furnace 51 LPG cylinder 54 Exhaust blower 61 Gasification reactor 62 Storage device 63 Supply device 64 Recovery device 65 Desulfurizer 66 Reformer 67 Fuel cell 68 Air supply device 69 Electric power output unit

Claims (13)

In a carbon carrier in which a carbonaceous solid mainly composed of carbon adheres to porous mineral particles,
The carbon support according to claim 1, wherein the porous mineral particles include porous volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals or carbonates. The carbon carrier according to claim 1, wherein the volcanic debris particles include Kanuma soil. A method for producing the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2,
By heating the organic matter, the organic matter is pyrolyzed into a tar-containing gas,
By bringing the tar-containing gas generated by pyrolysis into contact with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate, a carbonaceous solid is deposited on the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate,
A method for producing a carbon carrier comprising recovering a carbon carrier to which a carbonaceous solid adheres. The method for producing a carbon carrier according to claim 3, wherein the gas after the tar-containing gas is brought into contact with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate is collected. The carbonaceous carrier production method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the carbonaceous solid produced by the thermal decomposition of the organic matter is recovered. In the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2,
A pyrolysis means for thermally decomposing the organic substance into a tar-containing gas by heating the organic substance;
A container for storing an accumulation in which a plurality of the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral, or carbonate are accumulated, and means for passing the tar-containing gas generated by thermal decomposition through the accumulation;
Heating means for heating the container;
And a means for recovering the carbon support formed by adhering the carbonaceous solid. Means for recovering the gas after contacting the tar-containing gas with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate;
Means for burning the recovered gas,
The pyrolysis means and / or the heating means are:
The apparatus for producing a carbon carrier according to claim 6, wherein the heat generated by the combustion of the gas is used to thermally decompose organic substances and / or to heat the container. The carbon carrier production apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a carbonaceous solid recovery unit that recovers the carbonaceous solid generated by pyrolysis. Means for recovering the gas after contacting the tar-containing gas with the volcanic debris particles, diatomaceous earth, clay mineral or carbonate;
The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising: means for supplying the recovered gas to the gas engine. A gas containing water vapor is brought into contact with the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2,
A gas generation method comprising recovering hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon support. Means for passing a gas containing water vapor through the accumulation having a carbon carrier accommodating container for accommodating an accumulation in which the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2 is accumulated;
A gas generation apparatus comprising: a means for recovering hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier. A gas containing water vapor is brought into contact with the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2,
A power generation method characterized by supplying hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier to a fuel cell. Means for passing a gas containing water vapor through the accumulation having a carbon carrier accommodating container for accommodating an accumulation in which the carbon carrier according to claim 1 or 2 is accumulated;
A fuel cell comprising: a fuel cell configured to generate power with hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated by bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the carbon carrier.

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