JP2012017592A - Method for feeding acid chemical liquid and method for removing asbestos-containing sprayed material thereby - Google Patents

Method for feeding acid chemical liquid and method for removing asbestos-containing sprayed material thereby Download PDF

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JP2012017592A
JP2012017592A JP2010155053A JP2010155053A JP2012017592A JP 2012017592 A JP2012017592 A JP 2012017592A JP 2010155053 A JP2010155053 A JP 2010155053A JP 2010155053 A JP2010155053 A JP 2010155053A JP 2012017592 A JP2012017592 A JP 2012017592A
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asbestos
acidic chemical
liquid
chemical solution
acidic
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Yukinori Fuse
幸則 布施
Masato Kawaguchi
正人 川口
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Shimizu Construction Co Ltd
Shimizu Corp
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Shimizu Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for feeding acid chemical liquid and a method for removing asbestos-containing sprayed material with a simple operation in a reduced time, even in a narrow working space or for a base material having a complicated shape.SOLUTION: A method for feeding acid chemical liquid to an asbestos-containing sprayed material 2 sprayed on a surface of a base material 1 comprises the successive steps of arranging a liquid absorbing material 3 to be impregnated with an acid liquid T on a surface 2a of the asbestos-containing sprayed material 2 and spraying the acid chemical liquid T onto the liquid absorbing material 3 for impregnation, so that the asbestos-containing sprayed material 2 is impregnated with the acid chemical liquid T.

Description

本発明は、基材の表面に吹き付けられているアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法及びこれを用いたアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for supplying an acidic chemical solution to an asbestos-containing spray material sprayed on the surface of a substrate and a method for removing an asbestos-containing spray material using the same.

従来、吹付けアスベスト材やアスベスト含有吹付けロックウールなどのアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法として、ケレン棒等の工具による粗落し後、例えばブラシ等を用いてセメント成分を主体とした残留付着物を削ぎ落として磨き上げる作業が行われている。また、人力の場合に比べて作業効率を高めた除去方法として、除去装置等を使用するものが例えば特許文献1から3に開示されている。   Conventionally, as an asbestos-containing spray material such as sprayed asbestos material or sprayed rock wool containing asbestos, after removing it roughly with a tool such as a keren rod, for example, residual deposits mainly composed of cement components using a brush etc. The work of shaving off and polishing is being carried out. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a removal method that uses a removal device or the like as a removal method with higher work efficiency than in the case of human power.

特許文献1は、マニピュレータの先端に設けたバケット内に適宜駆動するブラシやスクレーパが備えられており、バケットの開口をアスベスト表面に押し付けた状態で、その内部でブラシやスクレーパを作動し、剥離したアスベストをそのままバケット内に落下させて、バケットから処理容器等に移すことで処理する装置について記載したものである。   Patent Document 1 is provided with a brush and a scraper that are appropriately driven in a bucket provided at the tip of a manipulator, and the brush and scraper are operated and peeled in the state in which the opening of the bucket is pressed against the asbestos surface. It describes an apparatus for processing by dropping asbestos into a bucket as it is and transferring it from the bucket to a processing container or the like.

特許文献2には、アスベスト含有物を剥離するカットブラシ(剥離手段)と、剥離手段を包囲する内側フードと、さらに内側フードを取り囲む外側フードと、剥離したアスベスト含有物を内側フード内から処理タンクへ吸引する吸引手段とを備えたアスベスト除去装置について開示されている。   In Patent Document 2, a cut brush (peeling means) for peeling the asbestos-containing material, an inner hood that surrounds the peeling means, an outer hood that surrounds the inner hood, and a treatment tank for removing the asbestos-containing material from the inner hood. An asbestos removing device having a suction means for sucking into the air is disclosed.

特許文献3には、フード付きノズルから噴霧状のアスベスト除去剤をアスベストに供給する方法と、該アスベスト除去剤の供給によりアスベストを除去する方法が開示されている。
この方法は、ノズルヘッダーから噴出する噴霧状の除去剤をアスベストに噴霧しながら、所定の時間(数分間)、押しつけ、その後、別の箇所にノズルヘッダーのフードをあてがい、同様の作業を繰返す。そして、2〜3m間の吹付けアスベストに同様の作業を繰返した後、ヘラ等で機械的にアスベストを除去するものである。
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for supplying a sprayed asbestos remover to asbestos from a hooded nozzle and a method for removing asbestos by supplying the asbestos remover.
In this method, a spray-like remover sprayed from the nozzle header is sprayed onto asbestos for a predetermined time (several minutes) and then pressed, and then the nozzle header hood is applied to another location, and the same operation is repeated. And after repeating the same operation | work to the sprayed asbestos between 2-3 m, asbestos is removed mechanically with a spatula etc.

特開2001−104122号公報JP 2001-104122 A 特開平8−199832号公報JP-A-8-199832 特開2008−253857号公報JP 2008-253857 A

しかしながら、従来のアスベスト除去方法では以下のような問題があった。
すなわち、特許文献1、2に示すようなアスベスト除去装置を用いたアスベスト除去方法では、装置が設置できないような作業空間が狭小な場所であったり、また例えばH型鋼材等のように複雑な形状の基材に対してアスベスト含有吹付け材を被覆したりしたものに対しては、アスベスト除去装置を使用することが困難となっていた。そのため、このような除去装置の適用が困難な条件にあっては、人力による除去方法に頼らざるを得ない現状があり、手間と作業時間がかかるという問題があった。
However, the conventional asbestos removal method has the following problems.
That is, in the asbestos removal method using the asbestos removal apparatus as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the work space where the apparatus cannot be installed is a narrow place, or a complicated shape such as an H-shaped steel material is used. It has been difficult to use an asbestos removal apparatus for the base material coated with an asbestos-containing spray material. For this reason, under conditions where it is difficult to apply such a removal apparatus, there is a current situation in which it is necessary to rely on a removal method by human power, and there is a problem that it takes time and work.

また、特許文献3に示すアスベスト除去剤の供給方法及びアスベストの除去方法では、噴霧上の除去剤をアスベストに噴霧しながらノズルヘッダー及びフードを数分間あてがう作業を繰り返すことが必要であり、作業者に過大な労力がかかるという問題があった。
また、かかる方法では、アスベスト除去剤をアスベストに十分に浸透させることができないまま剥離作業を行うこととなり、アスベストの剥離残しが生じるという問題があった。
Moreover, in the asbestos removal agent supply method and the asbestos removal method shown in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to repeat the operation of applying the nozzle header and the hood for several minutes while spraying the removal agent on the spray to the asbestos. There was a problem that it took excessive labor.
In addition, in this method, the asbestos removing agent cannot be sufficiently permeated into the asbestos and the peeling work is performed, and there is a problem that asbestos is left behind.

本発明は、上述する問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、簡単な作業により作業時間の低減が図れ、しかも狭小な作業空間や基材形状が複雑な場合であってもアスベスト含有吹付け材を確実に除去することができる酸性薬液供給方法及びアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can reduce the working time by a simple work, and even if the narrow work space and the base material shape are complicated, the asbestos-containing spray material can be used. It aims at providing the removal method of the acidic chemical | medical solution supply method and the asbestos containing spraying material which can be removed reliably.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係るアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法は、基材の表面に吹き付けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法であって、酸性液を浸透させる吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置した後に、前記吸液性素材に前記酸性薬液を吹き付けて浸透させ、前記アスベスト含有吹き付け材に前記酸性薬液を浸透させることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, an acidic chemical solution supply method for an asbestos-containing spray material according to the present invention is an acidic chemical solution supply method for an asbestos-containing spray material sprayed on the surface of a substrate, and permeates the acidic solution. After the liquid absorbing material to be disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, the acidic chemical liquid is sprayed and permeated into the liquid absorbent material, and the acidic chemical liquid is permeated into the asbestos-containing spray material. .

本発明は、吸液性素材を酸性薬液で満たしてアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配し、該酸性薬液が基材とアスベスト含有吹付け材との境界に到達するまで吸液性素材の配置を継続すればよいので、人的な負担を最小限にして確実かつ効率的に酸性薬液をアスベスト含有吹付け材に供給することができるという効果を奏する。   The present invention fills the liquid-absorbing material with an acidic chemical solution and places it on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, and arranges the liquid-absorbing material until the acidic chemical solution reaches the boundary between the base material and the asbestos-containing spray material. Therefore, it is possible to supply the acidic chemical liquid to the asbestos-containing spray material reliably and efficiently with minimum human burden.

また、吸液性素材がアスベスト含有吹付け材に配置された後に該吸液性素材に酸性薬液を吹き付けることにより、吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材に簡便に配備し、酸性薬液を吸液性素材に容易に可能な限り含ませることが可能となるため、酸性薬液を浸透させた吸液性素材のアスベスト含有吹付け材への配置作業が効率的となるという効果を奏する。また、酸性薬液がアスベスト含有吹付け材に浸透し始めた後で、吸液性素材に追加的に酸性薬液を含ませて、アスベスト含有吹付け材の全体に酸性薬液を浸透し得るようにすることができるという効果を奏する。   In addition, after the liquid absorbent material is placed on the asbestos-containing spray material, an acidic chemical solution is sprayed onto the liquid absorbent material, so that the liquid absorbent material can be easily deployed on the asbestos-containing spray material to absorb the acidic chemical solution. Since it can be easily contained in the liquid material as much as possible, there is an effect that the work of arranging the liquid absorbent material infiltrated with the acidic chemical liquid on the asbestos-containing spray material becomes efficient. In addition, after the acidic chemical solution has started to penetrate into the asbestos-containing spray material, the acidic chemical solution is additionally included in the absorbent material so that the acidic chemical solution can penetrate into the entire asbestos-containing spray material. There is an effect that can be.

本発明に係るアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法は、基材の表面に吹き付けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法であって、酸性薬液を浸透させた吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置し、前記アスベスト含有吹付け材に前記酸性薬液を浸透させることを特徴としている。   An acidic chemical solution supply method for an asbestos-containing spraying material according to the present invention is an acidic chemical solution supply method for an asbestos-containing spraying material sprayed on the surface of a substrate, and the liquid absorbent material infiltrated with the acidic chemical solution is treated with asbestos. It arrange | positions on the surface of a containing spraying material, and makes the said acidic chemical | medical solution osmose | permeate the said asbestos containing spraying material, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

本発明によれば、酸性薬液を浸透させた吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置し、アスベスト含有吹付け材に酸性薬液を浸透させるものであるため、アスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給を確実かつ均一に行うことが可能となるとともに、酸性薬液のアスベスト吹付け材への供給作業を簡便かつ低コストで行うことができるという効果を奏する。
また、酸性薬液が基材とアスベスト含有吹付け材との境界に到達するまで吸液性素材の配置を継続すればよいので、人的な負担を最小限にして確実かつ効率的に酸性薬液をアスベスト含有吹付け材に供給することができるという効果を奏する。
According to the present invention, the liquid absorbent material infiltrated with the acidic chemical liquid is disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, and the acidic chemical liquid is infiltrated into the asbestos-containing spray material. It is possible to reliably and uniformly supply the acidic chemical solution, and to perform an operation of supplying the acidic chemical solution to the asbestos spraying material easily and at low cost.
In addition, it is only necessary to continue the arrangement of the liquid absorbent material until the acidic chemical reaches the boundary between the base material and the asbestos-containing spray material. There exists an effect that it can supply to a spray material containing asbestos.

また、本発明に係るアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法では、基材とアスベスト含有吹付け材との間に酸性薬液を注入してもよい。
基材とアスベスト含有吹付け材との間(接着面)に酸性薬液を注入することで、酸性薬液が浸透するのに時間が掛かるアスベスト含有吹付け材と基材との接触面付近に確実に酸性薬液を供給することが可能となり、アスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給の効率を高めることができる。
Moreover, in the acidic chemical | medical solution supply method with respect to the asbestos containing spraying material which concerns on this invention, you may inject | pour an acidic chemical | medical solution between a base material and an asbestos containing spraying material.
By injecting the acidic chemical solution between the base material and the asbestos-containing spray material (adhesive surface), it takes time for the acidic chemical solution to penetrate. An acidic chemical solution can be supplied, and the efficiency of the supply of the acidic chemical solution to the asbestos-containing spray material can be increased.

また、本発明に係るアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法では、吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置した後に、吸液性素材のアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する密着性を維持する保持材を配することが望ましい。
吸液性素材のアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する密着性を維持する保持材を配することで、アスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配された吸液性素材に酸性薬液を吸液させても、該吸液性素材を撓ませることなくアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に密着した状態を維持することができ、アスベスト含有吹付け材に酸性薬液を効率的に浸透させることができる。
Moreover, in the acidic chemical solution supply method for the asbestos-containing spray material according to the present invention, after the liquid-absorbing material is arranged on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, the adherence of the liquid-absorbing material to the asbestos-containing spray material is maintained. It is desirable to arrange a holding material.
Even if the liquid absorbent material arranged on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material is made to absorb acid chemical liquid by arranging a holding material that maintains the adhesion of the liquid absorbent material to the asbestos-containing spray material, It is possible to maintain a state in close contact with the surface of the asbestos-containing spraying material without bending the liquid-absorbing material, and it is possible to efficiently infiltrate the acidic chemical liquid into the asbestos-containing spraying material.

この保持材は、透水性を有するシート状網部材からなり前記吸液性素材の表面に配置されているのがより好ましい。
透水性を有するシート状網部材からなる保持材を吸液性素材の表面に配置することにより、吸液性素材は、その表面側からシート状網部材からなる保持材によって押さえられた状態でより確実に保持され、アスベスト含有吹付け材に対する密着性を高めることができる。
It is more preferable that the holding material is made of a water-permeable sheet-like net member and is disposed on the surface of the liquid-absorbing material.
By disposing a holding material made of a sheet-like net member having water permeability on the surface of the liquid-absorbing material, the liquid-absorbing material is pressed from the surface side by the holding material made of the sheet-like net member. It is reliably held and the adhesion to the asbestos-containing spray material can be enhanced.

また、本発明に係るアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法では、上記したように、酸性薬液をアスベスト含有吹付け材に確実に供給し得るので、アスベスト含有吹付け材の全体を確実に溶解し、基材に対してほぼ付着残しのないように自然落下させて除去し得るという効果を奏する。また、酸性薬液の供給を上記したように人的な負担を軽減して簡便になし得るので、従来のような大型の除去装置やマニピュレータを備えた除去ロボットや、ケレン棒で粗落としを行った後に磨き上げを行うといった手間のかかる作業を不要として、アスベスト含有吹付け材を容易かつ作業効率よく除去することが可能となるという効果を奏する。   Moreover, in the method for removing asbestos-containing spraying material according to the present invention, as described above, since the acidic chemical liquid can be reliably supplied to the asbestos-containing spraying material, the entire asbestos-containing spraying material is surely dissolved, There is an effect that it can be naturally dropped and removed so that there is almost no adhesion remaining on the substrate. In addition, as described above, the supply of the acidic chemical solution can be simplified by reducing the human burden, so rough removal was performed with a conventional removal robot equipped with a large removal device or manipulator or a keren rod. There is an effect that it is possible to easily and efficiently remove the asbestos-containing spraying material without requiring time-consuming work such as polishing afterwards.

また、吸水性素材を配置する方法であるため、狭小な作業空間や、例えば基材がH型鋼材やボルトといった複雑な形状物に設けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材を容易に除去することができるという効果を奏する。
また更に、基材とアスベスト含有吹付け材との間に酸性薬液を注入した場合には、アスベスト含有吹付け材の全体を素早く溶解させて自然に落下させることができ、アスベスト含有吹付け材の作業効率を一層高めることができるという効果を奏する。
Moreover, since it is a method of arrange | positioning a water absorptive raw material, the asbestos containing spraying material with which the narrow work space and the base material were provided in complicated shapes, such as a H-type steel material and a volt | bolt, can be removed easily. There is an effect.
Furthermore, when an acidic chemical solution is injected between the base material and the asbestos-containing spraying material, the entire asbestos-containing spraying material can be quickly dissolved and dropped naturally. There exists an effect that work efficiency can be raised further.

本発明のアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法によれば、酸性薬液を浸透させた吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置し、アスベスト含有吹付け材の内部に酸性薬液を浸透させるものであるため、アスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給を確実かつ均一に行うことが可能となるとともに、酸性薬液のアスベスト吹付け材への供給作業を簡便かつ低コストで行うことができるという効果を奏する。また、アスベスト含有吹付け材の除去が容易かつ効率的となるとともに、狭小な作業空間や、例えば基材がH型鋼材やボルトといった複雑な形状物に設けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材を確実かつ容易に除去することができる。   According to the acidic chemical solution supply method for the asbestos-containing spray material of the present invention, the liquid absorbent material infiltrated with the acidic chemical solution is disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, and the acidic chemical solution is placed inside the asbestos-containing spray material. Since it is infiltrated, it is possible to reliably and uniformly supply the acidic chemical liquid to the asbestos-containing spray material, and to perform the supply operation of the acidic chemical liquid to the asbestos spray material easily and at low cost. There is an effect that can be done. In addition, the removal of the asbestos-containing spraying material is easy and efficient, and the asbestos-containing spraying material provided in a narrow work space, for example, a complex shaped object such as an H-shaped steel material or a bolt, is reliably and It can be easily removed.

は、本発明の第1の実施形態によるアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給方法の概略構成を説明するための図である。These are the figures for demonstrating schematic structure of the supply method of the acidic chemical | medical solution with respect to the asbestos containing spraying material by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. は、本発明の第2の実施形態によるアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給方法の概略構成を説明するための図である。These are the figures for demonstrating schematic structure of the supply method of the acidic chemical | medical solution with respect to the asbestos containing spraying material by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. は、図2に示す注射器の拡大図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the syringe shown in FIG. 2. は、図2に示す注射器の針孔を示す拡大図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a needle hole of the syringe shown in FIG. 2. は、本発明の第2の実施形態によるアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液の供給作業状態を示す図である。These are figures which show the supply operation state of the acidic chemical | medical solution with respect to the asbestos containing spraying material by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

以下、図を参照して本発明の第1の実施形態について説明する。
図1に示すように、本実施の形態によるアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法は、建物などの鉄筋コンクリート造のスラブ1Aやこのスラブ1Aを下方より支持するH型鋼材1Bからなる基材1の表面に被覆されたアスベスト含有吹付け材(以下、単に「アスベスト含有材」という)2を除去する施工に適用されるものである。基材1は、スラブ1Aの下面がH型鋼材1Bとともに例えば吹付け厚25〜60mm程度のアスベスト含有材2によって吹付け施工された状態となっている。
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for removing the asbestos-containing spray material according to the present embodiment is a surface of a base material 1 composed of a reinforced concrete slab 1A such as a building or an H-shaped steel material 1B that supports the slab 1A from below. Asbestos-containing spray material (hereinafter, simply referred to as “asbestos-containing material”) 2 coated on the surface is applied. The base material 1 is in a state where the lower surface of the slab 1A is sprayed together with the H-type steel material 1B by, for example, an asbestos-containing material 2 having a spray thickness of about 25 to 60 mm.

アスベスト含有材2としては、例えば、吹付けアスベスト材やアスベスト含有吹付けロックウール等が挙げられる。   Examples of the asbestos-containing material 2 include a sprayed asbestos material and an asbestos-containing sprayed rock wool.

アスベスト含有材2の除去方法は、吸液性素材3を密着させて配置し、支保工4及びシャコ万力5により固定した状態で、酸性薬液Tを噴射する手持ち可能な噴射冶具7の噴射ヘッド8を吸液性素材3に向けて酸性薬液Tを噴射させ、吸液性素材3を酸性薬液Tで満たし、該酸性薬液Tを吸液性素材3からアスベスト含有材2に浸透させて該酸性薬液Tをアスベスト含有材2に反応させて溶解させることで、アスベスト含有材2を基材1から剥離させつつ自然に落下させるものである。   The asbestos-containing material 2 is removed by placing the liquid-absorbing material 3 in close contact with the support 4 and the giant clam vise 5 and injecting the acidic chemical liquid T into the hand-held injection jig 7. 8 is directed toward the liquid-absorbing material 3 to spray the acidic chemical liquid T, the liquid-absorbing raw material 3 is filled with the acidic chemical liquid T, and the acidic chemical liquid T is permeated into the asbestos-containing material 2 from the liquid-absorbing material 3. By causing the chemical solution T to react with and dissolve the asbestos-containing material 2, the asbestos-containing material 2 is naturally dropped while being peeled from the substrate 1.

吸液性素材3は、酸性薬液Tを吸液して該吸液性素材3の内部に保持する機能を有するものであり、例えば多孔性の合成樹脂素材や綿等の繊維地からなるものが好適に用いられる。具体的には、スポンジ材やタオル地などの吸液性の高い素材で柔軟性を有し、例えば厚さ10mm〜500mmのパネル状に形成された部材がより好適に用いられる。   The liquid-absorbing material 3 has a function of absorbing the acidic chemical liquid T and holding it inside the liquid-absorbing material 3. For example, a material made of a porous synthetic resin material or a fiber fabric such as cotton is used. Preferably used. Specifically, a material having a high liquid-absorbing property such as sponge material or towel cloth and having flexibility, for example, a member formed in a panel shape having a thickness of 10 mm to 500 mm is more preferably used.

吸液性素材3の表面には、例えば、ラス網又はサランネットのようなシート状網部材からなる保持材6が配置、固定されており、吸液性素材3が酸性薬液を含んだ場合に自重で撓むことのないようになっている。   For example, when a holding material 6 made of a sheet-like net member such as a lath net or a saran net is arranged and fixed on the surface of the liquid-absorbing material 3, the liquid-absorbing material 3 contains an acidic chemical solution. It is designed not to be bent by its own weight.

支保工4は、スラブ1Aの表面に配された吸液性素材3を支持するために用いられ、シャコ万力5は、H型鋼材1Bの表面に配された吸液性素材3を支持するために用いられている。   The support 4 is used to support the liquid-absorbing material 3 arranged on the surface of the slab 1A, and the giant clam vise 5 supports the liquid-absorbing material 3 arranged on the surface of the H-type steel material 1B. It is used for.

酸性薬液Tとしては、例えば塩酸等の鉱物酸、酢酸、クエン酸等の有機酸水溶液が用いられる。この酸性薬液Tは、アスベスト含有材2に反応させて溶解させる作用を有しており、アスベスト含有材2に浸透させることで基材1からの剥離を生じさせて分離させるためのものであり、アスベスト含有材2の材質、その吹付け厚さ寸法、基材1の材質などの条件に応じて例えばPH値を1〜4程度に調整して使用される。   As the acidic chemical liquid T, for example, a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, or an organic acid aqueous solution such as acetic acid or citric acid is used. This acidic chemical liquid T has a function of reacting with and dissolving the asbestos-containing material 2, and is for causing separation from the base material 1 by allowing it to penetrate into the asbestos-containing material 2, For example, the PH value is adjusted to about 1 to 4 according to conditions such as the material of the asbestos-containing material 2, its spraying thickness dimension, and the material of the base material 1.

酸性薬液Tをアスベスト含有材2に向けて噴射するための噴射冶具7は、適量の酸性薬液Tを吸引可能であり、ガン本体9と、ガン本体9から延ばされた支持棒10と、この支持棒10の先端10aに設けられた前記噴射ヘッド8とを備えている。   The injection jig 7 for injecting the acidic chemical T toward the asbestos-containing material 2 can suck an appropriate amount of the acidic chemical T, and includes a gun body 9, a support rod 10 extended from the gun body 9, The ejection head 8 provided at the tip 10a of the support bar 10 is provided.

ガン本体9は、酸性薬液Tを貯留させる薬液槽11に液送管12によって連結され、操作部を操作することで液送管12に接続されている圧送ポンプ13を作動させ、薬液槽11内の酸性薬液Tを噴射ヘッド8側へ送出するようになっている。
支持棒10は、内部に流路を有しており、ガン本体9を介して液送管12に連通している。支持棒10の先端部10aには不図示の複数の噴射孔を有した噴射ヘッド8が具備されている。これら噴射孔は、ヘッド7内の酸性薬液Tの流路に通じており、ガン本体9から送出される酸性薬液Tを吸液性素材3に向けて噴射させるように構成されている。
The gun body 9 is connected to a chemical solution tank 11 for storing the acidic chemical solution T by a liquid feed pipe 12, and operates a pressure feed pump 13 connected to the liquid feed pipe 12 by operating an operation unit. The acidic chemical liquid T is delivered to the ejection head 8 side.
The support rod 10 has a flow path inside, and communicates with the liquid feed tube 12 via the gun body 9. An ejection head 8 having a plurality of ejection holes (not shown) is provided at the distal end portion 10 a of the support rod 10. These injection holes communicate with the flow path of the acidic chemical liquid T in the head 7 and are configured to inject the acidic chemical liquid T delivered from the gun body 9 toward the liquid absorbent material 3.

次に、アスベスト含有材2の除去方法について、図面に基づいてさらに具体的に説明する。
先ず、図1に示すように、除去するアスベスト含有材2の表面2aには、例えばアステクターS(登録商標)などの飛散抑制剤を散布しておく。
そして、吸液性素材3をスラブ1A及びH型鋼材1Bに吹き付けられているアスベスト含有材2の表面に略隙間なく配置する。吸液性素材3の表面には保持材6を撓みが生じないように配置して固定し、更に支保工4及びシャコ万力5により固定する。なお、支保工4及びシャコ万力5は、吸液性素材3が酸性薬液Tを含んだ状態で撓むことのないように、一定間隔で配する。
Next, the method for removing the asbestos-containing material 2 will be described more specifically based on the drawings.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a scattering inhibitor such as Astector S (registered trademark) is sprayed on the surface 2 a of the asbestos-containing material 2 to be removed.
And the liquid-absorbing raw material 3 is arrange | positioned on the surface of the asbestos containing material 2 currently sprayed on 1 A of slabs, and the H-type steel material 1B without substantially clearance. The holding material 6 is arranged and fixed on the surface of the liquid-absorbing material 3 so as not to bend, and is further fixed by the support 4 and the shrimp vise 5. In addition, the support work 4 and the giant clam vise 5 are arranged at regular intervals so that the liquid-absorbing material 3 does not bend in a state containing the acidic chemical liquid T.

この状態で、薬液槽11に接続された噴射冶具7を使用し、噴射ヘッド8を吸液性素材3に向ける。そして、噴射冶具7の操作部を操作して複数の噴射孔から酸性薬液Tを噴射させ、吸液性素材3全体に酸性薬液Tを吹き付け吸液、保持させていく。   In this state, the injection jig 7 connected to the chemical tank 11 is used to direct the injection head 8 toward the liquid-absorbing material 3. Then, the operation part of the injection jig 7 is operated to inject the acidic chemical liquid T from the plurality of injection holes, and the acidic chemical liquid T is sprayed and held on the entire liquid absorbent material 3.

そして、吸液性素材3が酸性薬液Tによって満たされた状態で安置し、吸液性素材3に保持された酸性薬液Tがアスベスト含有材2に移行し浸透するのを待つ。この際、アスベスト含有材2の吹付け厚みによっては、吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを適宜補充し、アスベスト含有材2の全体に酸性薬液Tを十分に行き渡らせる。   Then, the liquid absorbent material 3 is placed in a state where it is filled with the acidic chemical solution T, and waits for the acidic chemical solution T held in the liquid absorbent material 3 to migrate to and penetrate into the asbestos-containing material 2. At this time, depending on the spraying thickness of the asbestos-containing material 2, the liquid chemical 3 is appropriately supplemented with the acidic chemical liquid T, and the acidic chemical liquid T is sufficiently distributed throughout the asbestos-containing material 2.

酸性薬液Tがアスベスト含有材2の内部から基材1との境目まで行き渡ると、アスベスト含有材2のセメント分と有機物とが酸により化学反応で分解して溶解するため、アスベスト含有材2をスラブ1A及びH型鋼材3との境界面で剥離させ自然落下させることができる。そして、落下したアスベスト含有材2は、適宜な回収手段により取り除く。
なお、本実施の形態では、予めアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに飛散抑制剤を散布しておくため、アスベスト含有材2が剥離落下する際に生じるアスベストの飛散を抑制することができる。
When the acidic chemical T spreads from the inside of the asbestos-containing material 2 to the boundary with the base material 1, the cement and the organic matter of the asbestos-containing material 2 are decomposed and dissolved by a chemical reaction with an acid. It can be peeled off at the interface with 1A and H-shaped steel 3 and allowed to fall naturally. Then, the dropped asbestos-containing material 2 is removed by an appropriate recovery means.
In addition, in this Embodiment, since the scattering inhibitor is sprayed on the surface 2a of the asbestos-containing material 2 in advance, the asbestos scattering that occurs when the asbestos-containing material 2 peels and falls can be suppressed.

上述のように本実施の形態によるアスベスト含有材2に対する酸性薬液3の供給方法及びアスベスト含有材2の除去方法によれば、吸液性素材3をアスベスト含有材2の表面に配置し、吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを浸透させることによりアスベスト含有材2の内部に酸性薬液Tを浸透させて溶解し、除去するものであるため、酸性薬液Tのアスベスト含有材2への供給が簡便であり、更に、アスベスト含有材2を容易かつ短時間で除去することが可能となる。また、狭小な作業空間や、H型鋼材やボルトといった複雑な形状物に設けられたアスベスト含有材2を容易に除去することができる。   As described above, according to the method for supplying the acidic chemical liquid 3 to the asbestos-containing material 2 and the method for removing the asbestos-containing material 2 according to the present embodiment, the liquid-absorbing material 3 is disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing material 2. Since the acidic chemical solution T is infiltrated into the asbestos-containing material 2 by infiltrating the acidic chemical solution T into the asbestos-containing material 2, the acidic chemical solution T is dissolved and removed, so that the supply of the acidic chemical solution T to the asbestos-containing material 2 is simple. In addition, the asbestos-containing material 2 can be removed easily and in a short time. Further, the asbestos-containing material 2 provided in a narrow work space or a complicated shape such as an H-shaped steel material or a bolt can be easily removed.

また、吸液性素材3を酸性薬液Tで満たしてアスベスト含有材2の表面に配し、酸性薬液Tを基材1とアスベスト含有材2との境界まで浸透させることにより、アスベスト含有材2を自然に落下させることができるとともに、基材1に対してほぼ付着残しのないように除去することが可能となる。   Moreover, the asbestos-containing material 2 is filled by filling the liquid absorbent material 3 with the acidic chemical solution T and arranging it on the surface of the asbestos-containing material 2 and allowing the acidic chemical solution T to penetrate to the boundary between the base material 1 and the asbestos-containing material 2. While being able to fall naturally, it becomes possible to remove so that there is almost no adhesion residue with respect to the base material 1. FIG.

また、吸液性素材3をアスベスト含有材2に簡便に配備することができ、その上で酸性薬液Tを吸液性素材3に可能な限り含ませることが可能となるため、酸性薬液Tを浸透させた吸液性素材3のアスベスト含有材2への配置作業が効率的となる。また、酸性薬液Tがアスベスト含有材2に浸透し始めた後で、吸液性素材3に追加的に酸性薬液Tを含ませて、アスベスト含有材2の全体に酸性薬液Tを十分に浸透させることができる。   In addition, the liquid absorbent material 3 can be easily disposed on the asbestos-containing material 2, and the acidic chemical liquid T can be included in the liquid absorbent material 3 as much as possible. The arrangement | positioning work to the asbestos-containing material 2 of the permeated liquid-absorbing material 3 becomes efficient. In addition, after the acidic chemical liquid T starts to permeate the asbestos-containing material 2, the acidic chemical liquid T is additionally contained in the absorbent material 3, and the acidic chemical liquid T is sufficiently permeated throughout the asbestos-containing material 2. be able to.

本実施形態においては、吸液性素材3をアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに配した後で酸性薬液Tを吸液させることとしたが、これに限られるものではなく、吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを吸液させてからアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに該吸液性素材3を当接配置するものであってもよい。
このようにアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに配置する前に吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを含ませると、酸性薬液Tを吸液性素材3に無駄なく供給できるという効果が得られる。
In the present embodiment, the acidic chemical liquid T is absorbed after the liquid-absorbing material 3 is disposed on the surface 2a of the asbestos-containing material 2. However, the liquid-absorbing material 3 is not limited to this. The liquid absorbent material 3 may be placed in contact with the surface 2 a of the asbestos-containing material 2 after the acidic chemical liquid T is absorbed.
Thus, when the acidic chemical liquid T is included in the liquid absorbent material 3 before being disposed on the surface 2 a of the asbestos-containing material 2, the effect that the acidic chemical liquid T can be supplied to the liquid absorbent material 3 without waste is obtained.

次に、図2から図4を参照して、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成については同一の符号を付しその説明を省略する。
本発明の第2の実施形態は、アスベスト含有材2の表面に吸液性素材3を配置する前に、基材1とアスベスト含有材2との接着面に酸性薬液Tを注入することを特徴とするものである。
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
The second embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the acidic chemical liquid T is injected into the bonding surface between the base material 1 and the asbestos-containing material 2 before the liquid-absorbing material 3 is arranged on the surface of the asbestos-containing material 2. It is what.

図2に示すように、アスベスト含有材2は、第1の実施形態で示されたものと同様のものであり、その強度は、通常、後述する注射器20の注射針21を挿入可能な程度の材料強度となっている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the asbestos-containing material 2 is the same as that shown in the first embodiment, and its strength is usually such that an injection needle 21 of a syringe 20 described later can be inserted. It is material strength.

酸性薬液Tを接着面1aに注入するための注射器(注入器)20は、図3に示すように、適宜量の酸性薬液Tを吸引可能であり、シリンジ及びプランジャからなる本体22と、注射針21とからなる手持ち可能な周知の形態のものを採用することができる。注射器20における注射針21は、図4に示すように、先端部21aの針孔が横向きに開口した横孔21bが形成されている。つまり、注射針21の針孔が横向きに開いているので、アスベスト含有材2に注射針21を挿入する際、アスベスト含有材2が針孔に入り込んで目詰まりを起こし、酸性薬液Tの注入が妨げられるといった不具合を抑えることができる構造となっている。   As shown in FIG. 3, a syringe (injector) 20 for injecting the acidic chemical liquid T into the adhesive surface 1a can suck an appropriate amount of the acidic chemical liquid T, and includes a main body 22 including a syringe and a plunger, and an injection needle. 21 and can be held in a known form. As shown in FIG. 4, the injection needle 21 in the syringe 20 is formed with a lateral hole 21 b in which the needle hole of the distal end portion 21 a is opened sideways. That is, since the needle hole of the injection needle 21 is opened sideways, when the injection needle 21 is inserted into the asbestos-containing material 2, the asbestos-containing material 2 enters the needle hole, causing clogging, and the injection of the acidic chemical solution T is performed. It has a structure that can prevent problems such as obstruction.

さらに具体的なアスベスト含有材2の除去方法について、図5に基づいて説明する。ここで、図5では、注射器20の注射針21のみが表示され、各注入位置に注射針21が記載された状態を示している。
先ず、除去するアスベスト含有材2の表面2aには、例えばアステクターS(登録商標)などの飛散抑制剤25を散布する。次に、上述した酸性薬液Tを吸引させた図3、図4に示す注射器20を使用し、注射針21の先端部21a(横孔21b)が適宜な注入位置(接着面1b、1c付近)となるように挿入し、酸性薬液Tを注入する。なお、注射器20による注入は人力により行われる。
A more specific method for removing the asbestos-containing material 2 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, in FIG. 5, only the injection needle 21 of the syringe 20 is displayed, and the injection needle 21 is described at each injection position.
First, for example, a scattering inhibitor 25 such as ASTECTOR S (registered trademark) is sprayed on the surface 2a of the asbestos-containing material 2 to be removed. Next, using the syringe 20 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in which the acidic drug solution T is sucked, the tip 21a (lateral hole 21b) of the injection needle 21 is at an appropriate injection position (near the adhesive surfaces 1b and 1c). Then, the acidic chemical solution T is injected. The injection by the syringe 20 is performed manually.

このときの酸性薬液Tの注入位置は所定の間隔をもって注入されるが、例えばH型鋼材1Bなどの基材1の形状が複雑となる箇所においては、前記形状が平坦な箇所に比べて注入箇所を増加し、注入間隔を小さくして集中的に注入することで、その箇所の接着面全体にわたって酸性薬液Tを浸透させ、基材1に対してアスベスト含有材2を確実に剥離させることができる。ここで、符号R1が平坦部(スラブ1Aとアスベスト含有材2との接着面1b)における第1注入領域を示し、符号R2が複雑な形状部(H型鋼材1Bとアスベスト含有材2との接着面1c)における第2注入領域を示している。   At this time, the acidic chemical solution T is injected at a predetermined interval. For example, at a location where the shape of the base material 1 such as the H-shaped steel 1B is complicated, the location is higher than the location where the shape is flat. By increasing the flow rate and reducing the injection interval and intensively injecting, the acidic chemical solution T can be infiltrated over the entire adhesive surface at that location, and the asbestos-containing material 2 can be reliably peeled from the base material 1. . Here, the symbol R1 indicates the first injection region in the flat portion (the bonding surface 1b between the slab 1A and the asbestos-containing material 2), and the symbol R2 indicates the adhesion between the complicated shape portion (the H-shaped steel material 1B and the asbestos-containing material 2). The second implantation region in the surface 1c) is shown.

次に、図1において第1の実施形態で示したのと同様に、アスベスト含有材2の表面に吸液性素材3及び保持材6を配し、支保工4及びシャコ万力5とで支持した上で、噴射冶具7により吸液性素材3上の保持材6の表面に酸性薬液Tを噴射して吸液させ、アスベスト含有材2に酸性薬液Tを浸透させる。   Next, in the same manner as shown in the first embodiment in FIG. 1, the liquid-absorbing material 3 and the holding material 6 are arranged on the surface of the asbestos-containing material 2 and supported by the support 4 and the giant clam vise 5. After that, the acidic chemical liquid T is jetted onto the surface of the holding material 6 on the liquid absorbent material 3 by the injection jig 7 to absorb the liquid, and the asbestos-containing material 2 is infiltrated with the acidic chemical liquid T.

以上のようにして、アスベスト含有材2の素材1との接着面1aとアスベスト含有材2の表面側の両面から酸性薬液Tをしみこませることで、アスベスト含有材2が該両面側で酸により速やかに分解して溶解し、アスベスト含有材2が基材1から剥離し、さらに自然に落下する。このときの基材1とアスベスト含有材2との接着面1aは、アスベスト含有材2が溶解により剥離して落下しているので、アスベスト含有材2の残留付着物がほとんど残らない状態でとなる。なお、落下したアスベスト含有材2は、適宜な回収手段により取り除き、アスベスト含有材2の除去作業を完了させることができる。ここで、本実施の形態では、予めアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに飛散抑制剤25を散布しておくため、アスベスト含有材2が剥離落下する際に生じるアスベストの飛散を抑制することができる。   As described above, the asbestos-containing material 2 is quickly soaked with the acid on both sides by impregnating the acidic chemical solution T from both the adhesive surface 1a of the asbestos-containing material 2 with the material 1 and the both surfaces of the asbestos-containing material 2. The asbestos-containing material 2 peels off from the base material 1 and further falls naturally. At this time, the adhesive surface 1a between the base material 1 and the asbestos-containing material 2 is in a state in which the asbestos-containing material 2 is hardly left behind because the asbestos-containing material 2 is peeled off due to dissolution and dropped. . The dropped asbestos-containing material 2 can be removed by an appropriate recovery means, and the removal operation of the asbestos-containing material 2 can be completed. Here, in this Embodiment, since the scattering inhibitor 25 is previously sprayed on the surface 2a of the asbestos-containing material 2, the asbestos scattering that occurs when the asbestos-containing material 2 peels and falls can be suppressed.

上記のように、基材1とアスベスト含有材2との間(接着面)に酸性薬液Tを注入した上で、アスベスト含有材2の表面2aからも酸性薬液Tを浸透させることにより、浸透し難いアスベスト含有材2と基材1との接着面1a付近を素早く溶解させることができ、アスベスト含有材2全体の剥離を一層早めて、除去作業効率を高めることができる。   As described above, after injecting the acidic chemical solution T between the base material 1 and the asbestos-containing material 2 (adhesion surface), the acidic chemical solution T is also infiltrated from the surface 2a of the asbestos-containing material 2 to penetrate. It is possible to quickly dissolve the vicinity of the adhesion surface 1a between the difficult asbestos-containing material 2 and the substrate 1, and it is possible to further accelerate the peeling of the entire asbestos-containing material 2 and to improve the removal work efficiency.

以上、本発明によるアスベスト含有材2の除去方法の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更可能である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of the removal method of the asbestos containing material 2 by this invention was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, it can change suitably.

例えば、本実施の形態では注射器20を使用しているが、これに限定されることはなく、例えば注入用の針孔を有するピストル状の注入具であって、その注入具が酸性薬液Tを収容する容器に繋がるホースの先端部に連結されている構成のものであってもよい。要は、手持ちが可能な軽量、小型であり、狭小な作業空間であっても容易に持ち運びが可能であり、且つ注入箇所の作業空間での取り扱いが容易とされる注入具であればよいのである。なお、注射器を使用する場合、本実施の形態のように針孔の位置が横向きに開口したものだけでなく、通常の針軸方向に穴の開いた注射針であってもかまわない。   For example, although the syringe 20 is used in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the injection device is a pistol-like injection device having a needle hole for injection, and the injection device supplies the acidic drug solution T. The thing of the structure connected with the front-end | tip part of the hose connected to the container to accommodate may be sufficient. In short, any injection tool that is hand-held, lightweight, small, can be easily carried even in a narrow work space, and can be easily handled in the work space at the injection site, is acceptable. is there. When a syringe is used, it may be an injection needle having a hole in the direction of the normal needle axis as well as the needle hole having a lateral opening as in the present embodiment.

また、酸性薬液Tの、種類、注入量、注入位置、注入間隔等は、上述したようにアスベスト含有材の材質、その吹付け材の厚さ寸法、基材の材質等の条件に応じて適宜設定することができる。   In addition, the kind, the injection amount, the injection position, the injection interval, etc. of the acidic chemical liquid T are appropriately determined according to the conditions such as the material of the asbestos-containing material, the thickness dimension of the spraying material, the material of the base material, etc. Can be set.

なお、吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを吸液させてからアスベスト含有材2の表面2aに該吸液性素材3を当接配置してもよい。
アスベスト含有材2の表面に配置する前に吸液性素材3に酸性薬液Tを含ませる場合には、酸性薬液Tを吸液性素材3に無駄なく供給できるという効果が得られる。
Alternatively, the liquid absorbent material 3 may be placed in contact with the surface 2 a of the asbestos-containing material 2 after the acidic chemical liquid T is absorbed by the liquid absorbent material 3.
When the acidic chemical liquid T is included in the liquid absorbent material 3 before being disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing material 2, an effect that the acidic chemical liquid T can be supplied to the liquid absorbent material 3 without waste is obtained.

1 基材
2 アスベスト含有吹付け材
2a 表面
3 吸液性素材
6 保持材
T 酸性薬液
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base material 2 Asbestos containing spraying material 2a Surface 3 Liquid absorbing material 6 Holding material T Acidic chemical | medical solution

Claims (6)

基材の表面に吹き付けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法であって、
酸性液を浸透させる吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置した後に、前記吸液性素材に前記酸性薬液を吹き付けて浸透させ、
前記アスベスト含有吹き付け材に前記酸性薬液を浸透させることを特徴とする酸性薬液供給方法。
An acidic chemical supply method for an asbestos-containing spray material sprayed on the surface of a substrate,
After placing the liquid absorbent material that permeates the acidic liquid on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material, spray the acidic chemical liquid to the liquid absorbent material to penetrate,
An acidic chemical solution supply method, wherein the acidic chemical solution is infiltrated into the asbestos-containing spray material.
基材の表面に吹き付けられたアスベスト含有吹付け材に対する酸性薬液供給方法であって、
酸性薬液を浸透させた吸液性素材をアスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置し、
前記アスベスト含有吹付け材に前記酸性薬液を浸透させることを特徴とする酸性薬液供給方法。
An acidic chemical supply method for an asbestos-containing spray material sprayed on the surface of a substrate,
A liquid-absorbing material infiltrated with acidic chemicals is placed on the surface of the asbestos-containing spray material,
An acidic chemical solution supply method, wherein the acidic chemical solution is infiltrated into the asbestos-containing spray material.
前記基材と前記アスベスト含有吹付け材との間に酸性薬液を注入する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の酸性薬液供給方法。   The method of supplying an acidic chemical solution according to claim 1, further comprising a step of injecting an acidic chemical solution between the base material and the asbestos-containing spray material. 前記吸液性素材を前記アスベスト含有吹付け材の表面に配置した後に、前記吸液性素材の前記アスベスト含有吹付け材に対する密着性を維持する保持材を配することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の酸性薬液供給方法。   2. A holding material that maintains adhesion of the liquid-absorbing material to the asbestos-containing spraying material is disposed after the liquid-absorbing material is disposed on the surface of the asbestos-containing spraying material. 4. The method of supplying an acidic chemical solution according to any one of items 1 to 3. 前記保持材は、透水性を有するシート状網部材からなり、前記吸液性素材の表面に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の酸性薬液供給方法。   5. The acidic chemical solution supply method according to claim 1, wherein the holding material is made of a water-permeable sheet-like net member and disposed on a surface of the liquid-absorbing material. . 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の酸性薬液供給方法を用いてなされるアスベスト含有吹付け材の除去方法。   The removal method of the asbestos containing spraying material made using the acidic chemical | medical solution supply method of any one of Claim 1 to 5.
JP2010155053A 2010-07-07 2010-07-07 Method for feeding acid chemical liquid and method for removing asbestos-containing sprayed material thereby Pending JP2012017592A (en)

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