JP2012012459A - Treatment apparatus for waste and method for treating waste - Google Patents
Treatment apparatus for waste and method for treating waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、廃棄タイヤや廃棄プラスチックを熱処理して、その中から油分を取り出し、再利用するための処理装置に属する。 The present invention belongs to a processing apparatus for heat-treating waste tires and plastics, taking out oil from them, and reusing them.
従来、廃棄タイヤを処理する方法として、特開昭61−162587号公報に開示されるように、廃棄タイヤを加熱用釜に投入し、点火することで燃焼させて可燃性ガスと炭化物とに分離し、この可燃性ガスを釜の上部の直立管を経て2重傾斜還流ガス管に流して冷却することにより、廃棄タイヤから再生重油を製造することが知られている。 Conventionally, as disclosed in JP-A-61-262587, as a method for treating waste tires, the waste tires are put into a heating kettle and ignited to burn and separate into combustible gases and carbides. Then, it is known that recycled fuel oil is produced from waste tires by cooling the combustible gas by flowing it into a double inclined reflux gas pipe through an upright pipe at the top of the kettle.
また、一般タイヤを熱分解すると、水素やメタン等の多量の可燃性ガスが発生することが知られている。400度付近で、ガスの発生が激しくなることが知られている。 Further, it is known that when a general tire is pyrolyzed, a large amount of combustible gas such as hydrogen or methane is generated. It is known that gas generation becomes intense at around 400 degrees.
上記の手法では、(1)から(4)の課題が見つかっている。 In the above method, the problems (1) to (4) have been found.
(1)火を使うことで熱分解槽を加熱することが知られているが、時間がかかり、光熱代がかかるという欠点がある。そこで、素早く所望の温度にできる電気を用いることを考案した。 (1) Although it is known to heat a pyrolysis tank by using fire, there is a drawback that it takes time and a photothermal cost is required. Therefore, it was devised to use electricity that can quickly reach the desired temperature.
(2)熱分解ガスを輸送するパイプは、ガス等が底部に堆積して閉塞を起こし、その排出機能を失うことが多い。そのため、メンテナンスが必要となるが、多大なマンパワーと費用がかかる。そこで、メンテナンス作業の負荷軽減のため、取り外しができ、しかも、取替え可能なパイプを考案した。その継手には、パッキンを使わないこととした。パッキン自体に汚れが付着することによる取替えに係るコストを削減するためである。また、着脱可能なパイプを使うことで、取替えを容易にすることができるようにした。 (2) Pipes that transport pyrolysis gas often become clogged with gas or the like deposited on the bottom, and lose their discharge function in many cases. For this reason, maintenance is required, but it takes a great deal of manpower and cost. Therefore, to reduce the burden of maintenance work, we devised a pipe that can be removed and replaced. It was decided not to use packing for the joint. This is to reduce the cost associated with replacement due to dirt adhering to the packing itself. In addition, the use of a detachable pipe makes it easy to replace.
(3)種々雑多に混ざった再生重油の品質が良くないので、より高品質な再生油を抽出する仕組みが必要である。 (3) Since the quality of recycled heavy oil mixed in various ways is not good, a mechanism for extracting higher quality recycled oil is necessary.
(4)熱分解バッチ運転において、熱分解の終了信号が重要である。従来は熱分解槽出口配管の温度変化により運転制御を行っていたが、熱分解槽からの伝熱の影響が大きく、正確な終了ポイントを把握しにくいという問題があった。 (4) In the pyrolysis batch operation, the end signal of pyrolysis is important. Conventionally, operation control was performed by changing the temperature of the pyrolysis tank outlet piping, but there was a problem that the influence of heat transfer from the pyrolysis tank was large and it was difficult to grasp the exact end point.
前記課題を解決するための手段として、請求項1に記載の発明は、廃棄タイヤ・廃棄プラスチックからなる廃棄物を約400度の熱分解槽で加熱して、その中から廃棄物の原料となっていた油分を取り出すために、炭化物と熱分解されたガスとに分け、当該熱分解ガスから油分を抽出するためのシステムであって、熱分解されたガスだけをパイプを通し油水分離槽へ送り、次に熱分解されたガスを水で冷却してから油水を分離し、油分だけリフラックスコンデンサーを使用して蒸留する装置であって、
(1)上記熱分解槽を加温するのが電気炉であり、
(2)上記パイプは着脱可能であり、かつ、取替え可能であり、
(3)上記蒸留には油水分離槽の上部のリフラックスコンデンサーを使用し、かつ、リフラックスコンデンサーの中に邪魔板を複数配置することの3つを特徴とする廃棄物を再利用するための装置を提供する。
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a waste material made from waste tires and plastics, which is heated in a pyrolysis tank at about 400 degrees to be a raw material for waste. In order to take out the oil, the system is divided into carbide and pyrolyzed gas, and the oil is extracted from the pyrolyzed gas, and only the pyrolyzed gas is sent to the oil / water separation tank through the pipe. Next, the pyrolyzed gas is cooled with water and then separated into oil and water, and the oil is distilled using a reflux condenser,
(1) It is an electric furnace that heats the pyrolysis tank,
(2) The pipe is detachable and replaceable.
(3) The above-mentioned distillation uses a reflux condenser at the top of the oil-water separation tank, and recycles waste characterized by three arrangements of baffle plates in the reflux condenser. Providing equipment.
前記課題を解決するための手段として、請求項2に記載の発明は、リフラックスコンデンサー内部の温度変化を検出することにより、運転終了の制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の廃棄物を再利用するための装置を提供する。 As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 2 controls the termination of operation by detecting a temperature change inside the reflux condenser. An apparatus for reusing objects is provided.
前記課題を解決するための手段として、請求項3に記載の発明は、廃棄タイヤ・廃棄プラスチックからなる廃棄物を熱分解槽に入れ、約400度の電気炉を利用して加熱して、廃棄物を炭化物と熱分解ガスとに分ける工程と、熱分解ガスを、着脱可能なパイプを通じて油水分離槽に送る工程と、油水分離槽の上部のリフラックスコンデンサーの中で、熱分解ガスを冷却し、蒸留する工程と、蒸留された油水を、油水分離器を経て油分のみを分解油タンクに送る工程とからなる廃棄物の原料となっていた油分を取り出す方法を提供する。 As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 3 is a method in which a waste made of waste tires and plastics is put in a thermal decomposition tank and heated using an electric furnace at about 400 degrees for disposal. The pyrolysis gas is cooled in the process of dividing the product into carbide and pyrolysis gas, sending the pyrolysis gas to the oil / water separation tank through a detachable pipe, and the reflux condenser at the top of the oil / water separation tank. The present invention provides a method for taking out oil that has been a raw material of waste, comprising a step of distilling, and a step of sending distilled oil and water to a cracked oil tank through an oil-water separator.
加熱手段を電気にすることで効率的で、かつ、交換可能なパイプを利用することでつまりがなく、邪魔板を利用することで品質の高い油分を取得できるので、資源の有効活用が期待できる。 Efficient and efficient use of heat as a heating means, and no clogging by using replaceable pipes. High-quality oil can be obtained by using baffles, so resources can be used effectively. .
以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基いて説明する。図1は、本発明の廃棄処理のシステム全体を示す概念図であり、図2は、図1におけるリフラックスコンデンサー(還流冷却装置)及び油水分離槽を拡大して示した図である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the entire disposal system of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the reflux condenser (reflux cooling device) and the oil / water separation tank in FIG.
廃棄物を投入口より、熱分解槽(100)に投入する。その熱分解槽(100)を加熱する方法は、電気であり、電気炉(104)を使用する。化石燃料を焼却して加温しない。つまり、電気炉(104)を熱分解槽(100)の回りに巻きつけるような形で取り付ける。その熱分解槽(100)に投入された廃棄物は、約400度の温度で加温される。この温度で大量にガスが発生するが、そのガス発生の促進のため、窒素発生装置(図示せず。)を熱分解槽(100)付近に置き、適宜、熱分解槽(100)に、窒素を送り込む。 Waste is introduced into the thermal decomposition tank (100) from the inlet. The method of heating the pyrolysis tank (100) is electricity, and an electric furnace (104) is used. Do not heat fossil fuels. That is, the electric furnace (104) is attached so as to be wound around the thermal decomposition tank (100). The waste put into the pyrolysis tank (100) is heated at a temperature of about 400 degrees. Although a large amount of gas is generated at this temperature, a nitrogen generator (not shown) is placed in the vicinity of the pyrolysis tank (100) in order to promote the gas generation, and nitrogen is appropriately placed in the pyrolysis tank (100). Send in.
また、その熱分解槽(100)には、撹拌モータ(M)により撹拌できる回転シャフト(103)を使用し、熱分解槽(100)自体は、取り外しができるいわゆるバッチ式を採用している。バッチ式にすれば、取り外し可能な面で、いわゆる連続式よりも、清掃が容易であることを考慮したためである。 In addition, a rotating shaft (103) that can be stirred by a stirring motor (M) is used for the thermal decomposition tank (100), and the thermal decomposition tank (100) itself employs a so-called batch type that can be removed. This is because, in the case of the batch type, it is considered that the cleaning is easier than the so-called continuous type in terms of the removable surface.
次に、熱分解槽(100)には、炭化物と熱分解されたガスが発生する。熱分解槽(100)に残った炭化物とは別に、その熱分解ガスは、パイプ(300)を通じて油水分離槽(200)に到達する。このパイプ(300)を通じて到着した熱分解ガスは、未だ高温なので、この油水分離槽(200)の周りは水で冷却できるよう、油水分離槽(200)の周りに水冷手段(201)を取り付ける。油分は水より比重が軽いので、油水分離槽(200)の上の方に溜まる。その溜まった油分を、さらにリフラックスコンデンサー(還流冷却装置)(400)に入れて、冷却し、蒸留する。つまり、フィルタリングすることで、再利用に適した性質の良い油分を取り出す。 Next, carbide and pyrolyzed gas are generated in the pyrolysis tank (100). Apart from the carbide remaining in the pyrolysis tank (100), the pyrolysis gas reaches the oil-water separation tank (200) through the pipe (300). Since the pyrolysis gas that has arrived through the pipe (300) is still hot, water cooling means (201) is attached around the oil / water separation tank (200) so that the oil / water separation tank (200) can be cooled with water. Since the specific gravity of oil is lighter than that of water, it accumulates in the upper part of the oil / water separation tank (200). The accumulated oil is further put into a reflux condenser (reflux cooling device) (400), cooled and distilled. That is, by filtering, oil with good properties suitable for reuse is extracted.
このリフラックスコンデンサー(400)には、図2に示すように、内部に邪魔板(401)を配置し、何層も水噴霧を行い、当該ガスを洗浄する。この際、邪魔板(401)は、5枚が適当であるが、その枚数は廃棄物との関係で異なる。また、邪魔板(401)は、フィルターとしてもよく、濾過機能によってさらに不純物を効率良く除去することが可能である。さらに、このリフラックスコンデンサー(400)には、複数の仕切板(402)を設けて、その仕切板(402)には、複数の穴を開けておくことで、一度に、大量の油水が下方に落ちていくのを防ぐ。 As shown in FIG. 2, the reflux condenser (400) has a baffle plate (401) disposed therein, and sprays water in several layers to clean the gas. At this time, five baffle plates (401) are appropriate, but the number differs depending on the relationship with waste. Further, the baffle plate (401) may be a filter, and impurities can be further efficiently removed by a filtration function. Further, the reflux condenser (400) is provided with a plurality of partition plates (402), and a plurality of holes are formed in the partition plate (402), so that a large amount of oil water can flow downward. To prevent falling.
従来のリフラックスコンデンサーは大気放熱による冷却のため、多量処理、また連続使用においては冷却能力が不足する。また、リフラックスコンデンサー(400)内部には冷却能力を向上させるため、邪魔板(401)を複数設けているが、長時間の使用においてはこの表面に固体成分の付着が発生する。従って、リフラックスコンデンサー(400)には、冷却能力を向上させるために水冷手段(403)を設け、内部清掃の効率化のためにリフラックスコンデンサー(400)を分割できる構造とした。 Conventional reflux condensers are cooled by heat dissipation from the atmosphere, so that the cooling capacity is insufficient in large-volume processing and continuous use. Also, a plurality of baffle plates (401) are provided inside the reflux condenser (400) to improve the cooling capacity, but solid components adhere to the surface when used for a long time. Therefore, the reflux condenser (400) is provided with a water cooling means (403) in order to improve the cooling capacity, and the reflux condenser (400) can be divided to improve the efficiency of internal cleaning.
リフラックスコンデンサー(400)の冷却特性は、沸点100℃以下の、主としてガソリン等の低沸点の成分を回収するため、リフラックスコンデンサー(400)上部の温度を100℃以下とすることが望ましい。水冷手段(403)の水は、チラー(図示せず)より供給するが、リフラックスコンデンサー(400)上部の冷却能力を上げるため、冷却水は最初に上部を冷却し、次に下部へ供給する方式とした。 As for the cooling characteristics of the reflux condenser (400), it is desirable to set the temperature of the upper part of the reflux condenser (400) to 100 ° C. or lower in order to recover low boiling components such as gasoline having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or lower. The water of the water cooling means (403) is supplied from a chiller (not shown), but in order to increase the cooling capacity of the upper part of the reflux condenser (400), the cooling water first cools the upper part and then supplies it to the lower part. The method was adopted.
リフラックスコンデンサー(400)内部には、熱分解ガスが流入するので、流入量に比例して温度が上昇する。熱分解のバッチ運転においては、熱分解ガスの発生量は山形のピークの後に急激に減衰するが、これはリフラックスコンデンサー(400)内部の温度変化と相似する。従って、従来は熱分解槽出口配管の温度変化を検出していたところを、リフラックスコンデンサー(400)の温度変化を検知することにより、より的確な運転終了の制御を行うことが可能となる。 Since pyrolysis gas flows into the reflux condenser (400), the temperature rises in proportion to the inflow amount. In the pyrolysis batch operation, the amount of pyrolysis gas decays rapidly after the peak of the mountain, which is similar to the temperature change inside the reflux condenser (400). Therefore, it is possible to control the end of the operation more accurately by detecting the temperature change of the reflux condenser (400) where the temperature change of the pyrolysis tank outlet pipe is conventionally detected.
また、熱分解槽(100)と油水分離槽(200)とを連結するパイプ(300)については、2箇所でノンパッキンフェルール(管接続部のパッキンを必要としない管継手)を使用して、パイプ(300)を交換することができるようにした。これは、従来のパッキンを使用しないことにより、作業効率の向上及び異物が混入したりするのを防ぐことができる。パイプには、スチールやステンレスを使用するが、熱分解ガスの温度に耐えられる材質ならば何でも良い。 Moreover, about the pipe (300) which connects a thermal decomposition tank (100) and an oil-water separation tank (200), using a non-packing ferrule (pipe joint which does not require packing of a pipe connection part) in two places, The pipe (300) can be exchanged. By not using the conventional packing, this can improve work efficiency and prevent foreign matters from being mixed. The pipe uses steel or stainless steel, but any material that can withstand the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is acceptable.
リフラックスコンデンサー(400)で蒸留された油分は、油水分離器を通じて、水と油に分けてから、分解油タンクで保存される。一方、液体にならないガスについては、排ガス燃焼装置で燃やして処理する。 The oil distilled by the reflux condenser (400) is divided into water and oil through an oil / water separator and then stored in a cracked oil tank. On the other hand, about the gas which does not become a liquid, it burns and processes with an exhaust gas combustion apparatus.
100 熱分解槽
103 回転シャフト
104 電気炉
200 油水分離槽
201 水冷手段
300 パイプ
400 リフラックスコンデンサー(還流冷却装置)
401 邪魔板(フィルター)
402 仕切板
403 水冷手段
DESCRIPTION OF
401 baffle plate (filter)
402 Partition plate 403 Water cooling means
Claims (3)
前記熱分解されたガスだけをパイプを通し油水分離槽へ送り、
次に前記熱分解されたガスを水で冷却してから油水を分離し、
油分だけリフラックスコンデンサーを使用して蒸留する装置であって、
(1)上記熱分解槽を加温するのが電気炉であり、
(2)上記パイプは着脱可能であり、かつ、取替え可能であり、
(3)上記蒸留には油水分離槽の上部のリフラックスコンデンサーを使用し、かつ、前記リフラックスコンデンサーの中に邪魔板を複数配置すること、
の3つを特徴とする廃棄物を再利用するための装置。 In order to heat the waste consisting of waste tires and waste plastics in a pyrolysis tank of about 400 degrees and take out the oil that was the raw material of the waste, it is divided into carbide and pyrolyzed gas, A system for extracting oil from the pyrolysis gas,
Send only the pyrolyzed gas through the pipe to the oil-water separation tank,
Next, the pyrolyzed gas is cooled with water, and then oil and water are separated.
A device that uses a reflux condenser to distill only the oil,
(1) It is an electric furnace that heats the pyrolysis tank,
(2) The pipe is detachable and replaceable.
(3) For the distillation, use a reflux condenser at the top of the oil / water separation tank, and dispose a plurality of baffle plates in the reflux condenser;
A device for recycling waste characterized by the following three.
前記熱分解ガスを、着脱可能なパイプを通じて油水分離槽に送る工程と、
前記油水分離槽の上部のリフラックスコンデンサーの中で、前記熱分解ガスを冷却し、蒸留する工程と、
蒸留された油水を、油水分離器を経て油分のみを分解油タンクに送る工程と、
からなる前記廃棄物の原料となっていた油分を取り出す方法。 Putting a waste made of waste tires / plastics into a pyrolysis tank and heating the waste using an electric furnace at about 400 degrees to separate the waste into carbides and pyrolysis gas;
Sending the pyrolysis gas to an oil-water separation tank through a detachable pipe;
In the reflux condenser at the top of the oil-water separation tank, cooling and pyrolyzing the pyrolysis gas;
Sending the distilled oil water to the cracked oil tank only through the oil-water separator,
A method of taking out the oil which was the raw material of the waste consisting of
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CN102796550A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-11-28 | 种传学 | Cracking furnace for tire |
JP2015054884A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社アトロス | Oil formation treatment apparatus |
CN107233778A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-10 | 福建南方路面机械有限公司 | A kind of pitch storage tank flue gas condensing purifier and cleaning system |
WO2022094455A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Lummus Technology Llc | Electric furnace to produce olefins |
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CN102796550A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-11-28 | 种传学 | Cracking furnace for tire |
JP2015054884A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社アトロス | Oil formation treatment apparatus |
CN107233778A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-10 | 福建南方路面机械有限公司 | A kind of pitch storage tank flue gas condensing purifier and cleaning system |
WO2022094455A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Lummus Technology Llc | Electric furnace to produce olefins |
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