CN109868162A - A kind of cracking gas tar-removing device - Google Patents
A kind of cracking gas tar-removing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109868162A CN109868162A CN201811310633.7A CN201811310633A CN109868162A CN 109868162 A CN109868162 A CN 109868162A CN 201811310633 A CN201811310633 A CN 201811310633A CN 109868162 A CN109868162 A CN 109868162A
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- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- gas
- tar
- biomass
- preheater
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011285 coke tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Landscapes
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass to crack tar-removing device, belong to field of renewable energy technology, the device is mainly based upon continous way pyrolysis plant and devises a pyrolysis gas cracking tar-removing device, mainly it is made of preheater and cracker, pyrolysis gaseous mixture is generated by front end biomass pyrolysis device pyrolysis charring, it is pyrolyzed gaseous mixture and carries out second pyrolysis by preheater and cracker, macromolecular bio oil is cracked into micro-molecular gas, product analysis is carried out by the condensation separation of rear end product, obtain optimal cracking technology, data supporting is provided for industrialization tar removing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of renewable energy technology, are a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass cracking tar-removing devices, specifically
A cracking reactor is devised based on continous way pyrolysis plant, the gaseous mixture that front end pyrolysis generates is heated up by preheater,
It then passes to and carries out Pintsch process or catalytic pyrolysis in cracking reactor, remove the tar in mixed gas.
Background technique
Biomass pyrolytic carbonizes technology, refers to that biomass material heat temperature raising in anoxybiotic or low-oxygen environment causes intramolecular
Portion is decomposed to form the process of charcoal, bio oil and biological fuel gas.
Currently, being easy miscellaneous with water, charcoal particle, ash content etc. because the tar generated in pyrolytic process easily condenses at low temperature
The problems such as matter is combined together, and blocks gas pipeline, stuck valve, corrodes metal and inconvenient directly utilization.Through researcher
Experimental study, the method for obtaining current tar removing be mainly low temperature washing or spray, physical filtering and heat chemistry decoking the methods of,
But because the drawbacks such as method for washing will cause new pollution, physical filtering cannot be thoroughly removed without being promoted, heat chemistry
Method decoking is exactly to make tar that a series of chemical reaction occur under certain reaction condition, makes the tar conversion of macromolecular at small
The valuable gases of molecule, thermochemical method decoking are fundamentally eliminating tar, are eliminating tar to damage of facilities and environmental pollution
Hidden danger.Thermochemical method mainly includes high-temperature cracking method and catalystic pyrolysis, and pyrolysis method can obtain higher at 1100 DEG C or so
Transfer efficiency, small-sized biomass gasification installation (as use fixed bed) gasification temperature be generally 900 DEG C or so.Catalytic pyrolysis
French carries out catalytic pyrolysis to tar by the effect of certain catalyst, and the temperature of coke tar cracking can be made to drop to 750~900
DEG C, general catalyst is using dolomite, alkali metal and other metal-based catalysts, nickel-base catalyst etc..
The present invention is that a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass based on the design of continous way pyrolysis plant cracks tar-removing device, using can
The stainless steel reaction pipe and crystal reaction tube of replacement can carry out catalytic pyrolysis and Pintsch process research respectively, it is worth noting that this
The pyrolysis gas cracking technology that tar-removing device is suitable for various forms pyrolysis plant is cracked, continous way pyrolysis plant is not limited to.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve be pyrolyzed present in existing biomass pyrolytic technology described in technical background
Tar removal is difficult in journey, and thermal decomposition product is difficult to the problems such as recycling, and discloses a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass cracking tar removing dress
It sets, which uses Pintsch process and catalytic pyrolysis principle, a preheater and cracking reactor tandem arrangement is designed, by front end
The pyrolysis gaseous mixture that pyrolysis installation 1 generates is passed through cracking reactor 4 and is small molecule gas by the tar macromolecular cleavage of the inside
Body enters back into the condensation separation that condensation separating unit 6 carries out pyrolysis product, is finally passed through burner completely burned and generates CO2With
H2O is discharged into the air.It mainly include preheater 3 and cracking reactor 4, preheater 3 is connected to biomass pyrolysis device 1 by pipeline
Rear end, the rear end of preheater 3 connect cracking reactor 4, and the rear end of cracking reactor 4 connects Oil-gas Separation by pressure regulating valve 5
Device 6, pressure regulating valve 5 regulate and control the gas pressure of cracking reactor 4.
2, a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, preheater 3 is mainly by escape pipe 301, company
Acting flange 302, quartz sand 303, gas distributor 304, cavity 305 and air inlet pipe 306 form, and preheater uses heating mantle heats
The temperature for being pyrolyzed gaseous mixture is risen to 700 DEG C, in favor of the catalytic pyrolysis or Pintsch process technique of rear end.
3, a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, gas distributor 304 are stainless using 310S
Steel material, using sieve mesh type structure, aperture 1mm, gas distributor 304 is total to three groups of upper, middle and lower, is respectively welded in preheater
On wall, gas distributor is mainly used for gas distribution and supports the quartz sand of top.
4, a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, quartz sand 303 are distributed on distributor 304
Surface, paving are spilt with a thickness of 5~10mm, and quartz sand 303 and distributor 303 are used in combination, so that gaseous mixture has in preheater
There is the sufficient heat temperature raising time.
5, a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, cracking reactor 4 is mainly by thermocouple
307, upper press cover component 308, insulating layer 309, heating furnace silk 310, reaction tube 311, supporting screening plate 312, push cap assemblies 313,
Air inlet 314 and gas outlet 315 form, and heating furnace silk 310 uses PID temperature programmed control, and temperature meets catalysis and split up to 1200 DEG C
Solution and Pintsch process test requirements document.
6, a kind of described pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, the reaction tube 311 in cracking reactor 4 have
The reaction tube 311 of two kinds of materials, quartz material is tested for Pintsch process, and the reaction tube 311 of 310S stainless steel material is for urging
Change breaking test because crystal reaction tube high temperature resistant but being difficult to be machined out, stainless steel tube heatproof no more than 1000 DEG C,
So being that replacement uses herein.
7, a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass burning and heat reclamation set, supporting screening plate 312 and pushing cap assemblies 313
Using threaded connection, keeps its quick detachable, be conveniently replaceable catalyst.
Specifically, the invention patent has the advantage that compared with prior art
1) the pyrolysis gas cracker in the present invention can carry out catalytic pyrolysis by the way of replaceable reactor respectively
Test and Pintsch process test, and suitable cracking mode is screened by lytic effect comparison.
2) the pyrolysis gas cracker in the present invention is adjusted using the pressure that pressure regulating valve carries out cracking reaction, explores heat
During the second pyrolysis vented one's spleen, the influence factor of reaction pressure.
3) preheater in the present invention is heated using quartz sand layer-stepping, effectively raises heating efficiency, reduce energy
Consumption.
4) in the cracking reactor in the present invention, supporting screening plate, using being threadedly coupled, keeps its quick detachable with pushing cap assemblies,
It is conveniently replaceable and loading catalyst.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pyrolysis equipment schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is preheater structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is pyrolysis gas cracker structural schematic diagram；
In Fig. 1,1 form biomass pyrolysis device, 2 charcoal cooling devices, 3 be preheater, and 4 be cracking reactor, and 5 be tune
Pressure valve, 6 be condensation separating unit, and 7 be burner.
In Fig. 2,301 be escape pipe, and 302 be connecting flange, and 303 be quartz sand, and 304 be gas distributor, and 305 be sky
Chamber, 306 be air inlet pipe.
In Fig. 3,307 be thermocouple, and 308 be upper pressure component, and 309 be insulating layer, and 310 be heating furnace silk, and 311 be reaction
Pipe, 312 be supporting screening plate, and 313 is push cap assemblies, and 314 be air inlet, and 315 be gas outlet.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples to specific structure of the invention and course of work further description.
Figure is equipped in pyrolysis as shown in Figure 1, and biomass material carries out pyrolysis charring reaction through the pyrolysis reactor of front end, raw
At the products such as charcoal and biomass pyrolytic gaseous mixture, wherein high-temperature biological charcoal carries out cooling receipts by charcoal cooling device
Collection, and be pyrolyzed gaseous mixture and be then passed through into cracker the secondary pyrolysis for carrying out pyrolysis gas, it is mainly that pyrolysis is mixed in cracker
The macromolecular bio oil closed in gas carries out molecular chain rupture, generates micro-molecular gas, to achieve the purpose that tar removing, passes through
Gas after cracking then enters the condensation separation stage of next step, verifies splitting for pyrolysis gas by collecting the product analysis after cracking
Solve effect.
Preheater structural schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, preheater outside carry out heat temperature raising by package heating mantle, due to
The thermal conductivity of quartz sand makes the temperature of quartz sand basically reach outer wall set temperature during long-time heating, and three layers
Quartz sand increases the heated time of gas, improves heating efficiency by hindering gas flow rate.
Pyrolysis gas cracker structural schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3 is that guarantee test is scientific, is added using five sections of furnaces
Heat, the bringing-up section of bottom and upper segment are to belong to excessive layer to reduce ambient temperature bring cracking temperature deviation, intermediate
Three-stage for carrying out used in breaking test, therefore the temperature measuring point of cracking reaction is also provided in interlude.
According to the above classification, present invention combination marginal data is as follows:
Embodiment: using the cracking reaction of corn stover pyrolysis charring and rear end pyrolysis gas
Charcoal is produced using the burning of this pyrolysis gas of biomass and reclamation set, raw material is corn stover, length about 3~
4mm, moisture is 10~20%, density about 100kg/m3, the electrothermal furnace opened on pyrolysis oven carries out heating heating, when temperature reaches
When to 500 DEG C, opens airlock and screw auger carries out the pyrolysis charring of biomass material, the pyrolysis generated in carbonization process is mixed
Conjunction gas, which is passed through into preheater, carries out gas heating, is passed through when temperature is risen to 700 DEG C into cracker again and carries out pyrolysis gas
Second pyrolysis can carry out catalytic pyrolysis and Pintsch process according to the difference of test requirements document and test, the pyrolysis gas after cracking into
The condensation for entering to carry out product in the condensation separating unit of rear end is collected, comparative analysis lytic effect, after condensing and separating not
Because being unable to direct emission, being fired completely so being passed into burner containing toxic gases such as CO in condensable gases
It burns, the CO of generation2And H2O is discharged into the air.
Finally it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although reference
Preferred embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to of the invention
Technical solution is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered
In scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
- It mainly include preheater (3) and cracking reactor (4), feature 1. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass cracks tar-removing device It is that preheater (3) is connected to biomass pyrolysis device (1) rear end by pipeline, the rear end of preheater (3) connects cracking reaction The rear end of device (4), cracking reactor (4) passes through pressure regulating valve (5) connection gas and oil separating plant (6).
- 2. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass according to claim 1 cracks tar-removing device, it is characterised in that preheater (3) is main It will be by escape pipe (301), connecting flange (302), quartz sand (303), gas distributor (304), cavity (305) and air inlet pipe (306) it forms, the temperature for being pyrolyzed gaseous mixture is risen to 700 DEG C using heating mantle heats by preheater.
- 3. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass according to claim 1 or 2 cracks tar-removing device, it is characterised in that gas distribution Device (304) uses 310S stainless steel material, and using sieve mesh type structure, aperture 1mm, gas distributor (304) is total to upper, middle and lower three Group is respectively welded on preheater inner wall.
- 4. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass according to claim 1 or 2 cracks tar-removing device, it is characterised in that quartz sand (303) it is distributed in distributor (304) upper surface, paving is spilt with a thickness of 5~10mm.
- 5. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass according to claim 1 cracks tar-removing device, it is characterised in that cracking reactor (4) mainly by thermocouple (307), upper press cover component (308), insulating layer (309), heating furnace silk (310), reaction tube (311), branch It supports sieve plate (312), push cap assemblies (313), air inlet (314) and gas outlet (315) composition.
- 6. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass cracks tar-removing device according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that cracking reaction Reaction tube (311) in device (4) is there are two types of material, and the reaction tube (311) of quartz material is tested for Pintsch process, and 310S is stainless The reaction tube (311) of steel material is tested for catalytic pyrolysis.
- 7. a kind of pyrolysis gas of biomass cracks tar-removing device according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that supporting screening plate (312) it uses and is threadedly coupled with pushing cap assemblies (313).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811310633.7A CN109868162A (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | A kind of cracking gas tar-removing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811310633.7A CN109868162A (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | A kind of cracking gas tar-removing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109868162A true CN109868162A (en) | 2019-06-11 |
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ID=66916928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811310633.7A Pending CN109868162A (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | A kind of cracking gas tar-removing device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109868162A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111500302A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 济南大学 | Straw pyrolysis carbonization equipment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100228062A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | G4 Insight Inc. | Process and system for thermochemical conversion of biomass |
| CN102698594A (en) * | 2011-11-26 | 2012-10-03 | 河南科技大学 | Device for catalytic denitration reaction by preheating waste incineration flue gas |
| CN104861995A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Variable cascade temperature regulation biomass charring device |
| CN104877713A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Secondary pyrolysis and waste heat recycling system for biomass pyrolysis gas |
-
2018
- 2018-11-06 CN CN201811310633.7A patent/CN109868162A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100228062A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | G4 Insight Inc. | Process and system for thermochemical conversion of biomass |
| CN102698594A (en) * | 2011-11-26 | 2012-10-03 | 河南科技大学 | Device for catalytic denitration reaction by preheating waste incineration flue gas |
| CN104861995A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Variable cascade temperature regulation biomass charring device |
| CN104877713A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Secondary pyrolysis and waste heat recycling system for biomass pyrolysis gas |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111500302A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 济南大学 | Straw pyrolysis carbonization equipment |
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