JP2012001958A - Concrete block and construction method of mass concrete structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete block useful for constructing a mass concrete structure in a dangerous location such as a mountain area or the like and to provide a construction method of a mass concrete structure using the concrete block.SOLUTION: A basic unit of a concrete block is a three-dimensional shape object which has a protruded portion in a shape of a truncated pyramid or a truncated cone at a center of an upper surface of a main body having a shape of a rectangular solid, and a fitting hole with a size and shape allowing the protruded portion to be loosely fitted at a center of a lower surface of the main body. Using two of these basic units, a two-body concrete block which is a three-dimensional shape object is constructed so that the respective protruding portions face in the same direction and respective side faces of an identical shape are attached firmly to each other with the protruding portions facing upward. Then, a four-body concrete block is constructed by arranging two of these two-body concrete blocks to be parallel to and to be attached firmly to each other. A mass concrete structure can be constructed by using the four-body concrete block.

Description

  The present invention refers to a concrete block (hereinafter simply referred to as a “block”) capable of meshing mass concrete structures such as a dam, a concrete levee, a retaining wall, a retaining wall under a levee slope, and the like. And a technology for constructing safely, efficiently and robustly in a short period of time.

  The mountainous remote areas and flood control work sites are dangerous places. In the past, people entered such dangerous places and built dams and retaining walls for mass concrete structures. This is a very dangerous task. In general, the mountainous area is poor in ground, the transportation is inconvenient, the transportation of materials and the placement work are difficult, and it is safely connected to finish the work in a short time. Also, in the case of disaster emergency work, etc., it is often necessary to perform work under adverse conditions, such as it is difficult to secure a work yard at the site or the workable time at the site is very short. It was. Therefore, if the concrete block is manufactured in advance in a place with different working conditions and then transported to the site and stacked, the work at the site can be done easily and in a short time.

  From the above viewpoint, a technique for constructing a building by stacking concrete blocks manufactured in another place has been proposed. For example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3, there are two convex portions on the upper surface and two concave portions on the lower surface, and the convex portions and the concave portions of those blocks are engaged and stacked to form a retaining wall or a revetment wall. A concrete block is disclosed. Patent Documents 1 to 3 also describe that wall surfaces such as retaining walls and revetment walls are constructed by stacking these blocks by shifting them by half units (half in the width direction) at the upper and lower stages.

  However, the blocks disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are all stacked only in the vertical and horizontal directions, that is, for building a wall surface, and in the construction of a mass concrete structure that requires a thickness before and after, that is, a thickness. Use is not considered and is therefore not sufficiently structured for use in such applications.

JP2009-45797 JP 2000-291029 A JP 07-138968 A

  When building a mass concrete structure for forestry and flood control, if the place is a mountainous area, the place where the work is performed is dangerous, and it is dangerous even if there is a person who performs the work. Therefore, the present inventors analyzed and examined the work process, and examined a method for constructing a mass concrete structure in which only the work that a person actually has to do on-site is performed on-site. As a result, blocks that can be placed in close contact with each other vertically and horizontally and can be meshed vertically, such as blocks that are large enough to be transported by light trucks or small trucks, are places where it is easy to place concrete. It was concluded that a solid mass concrete structure can be constructed even if only the work of placing or stacking is performed on site.

  Therefore, the present inventors have intensively studied the shape of a concrete block that can be arranged in close contact vertically and horizontally to construct a solid mass concrete structure and can be meshed vertically, and the present invention. It came to complete.

  In the present invention, (1) a projecting portion having a truncated pyramid shape or a truncated cone shape is formed at the center of the upper surface of the main body having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the projecting portion fits into the center of the bottom surface with a space. It is a three-dimensional shaped object with engraved holes of the size and shape that can be used, and the two basic units have the same shape with the protrusions facing up so that the protrusions face the same direction. A four-body type consisting of four basic units, characterized in that a three-dimensionally shaped object in which the side surfaces of the two parts are in close contact with each other is made into a two-body concrete block, and two two-body concrete blocks are arranged in close contact in parallel. A concrete block, (2) a three-dimensional object in which the above three basic units are arranged in series with the protrusions facing up so that the protrusions face in the same direction and the side surfaces of the same shape are brought into close contact with each other Three-body concrete block A six-body concrete block consisting of six basic units, and (3) the three basic units The three basic units are three, characterized in that the protrusions are arranged in series with the protrusions facing up in the same direction and the side surfaces of the same shape are in close contact with each other. Provide body-shaped concrete blocks.

In the concrete block according to the present invention, the base of the protrusion, that is, the area of the lowermost portion of the protrusion is preferably 15 to 30% of the area of the upper surface of the main body.
In the concrete block according to the present invention, the shape of the basic unit is such that the main body is a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube whose upper surface shape is a square, and the projecting portion is a truncated pyramid whose base and upper surface are square. Is preferred.

  In the concrete block according to the present invention, the basic unit may have a connecting hole that penetrates from the center of the upper surface of the protruding portion to the upper wall of the fitting hole.

  The concrete block according to the present invention is formed by using electric furnace oxidation slag for part or all of the coarse aggregate and / or using copper slag for part or all of the fine aggregate. It may be.

  In addition, the present invention provides a four-piece concrete block on a mass concrete structure construction site so that the protruding portions thereof face in the same direction, and the same-shaped side surfaces of the blocks are brought into contact with each other horizontally. The first concrete block layer is arranged to construct, and the protrusions of the four-body concrete blocks constituting the first concrete block layer are inserted into the fitting holes of the four-body concrete blocks constituting the second concrete block layer. And arranged so that the center point of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer is located on the intersection that is the contact point of the four four-body concrete blocks in the first concrete block layer Then, the second concrete block layer is constructed, and the third and subsequent concrete block layers are the same. The four-body concrete block of the four-layer concrete block in the lower layer is formed so that the projecting portion of each four-body concrete block constituting the lower layer is inserted into the insertion hole of each four-body concrete block constituting the upper layer. It is arranged so that the center point of each four-body concrete block that constitutes the upper layer is located on the intersection that is the contact point, constructing the concrete block layer, and stacking the concrete block layer sequentially, A mass concrete structure construction method using a four-body concrete block according to the present invention is provided.

  In this case, the mass concrete structure to be constructed is reduced by one basic unit width from the lower layer to the upper layer for each concrete block layer at each of the vertical and horizontal ends of the concrete block layer. It will increase by the width of the unit. That is, the outer edge portion of the mass concrete structure has a staircase shape or a reverse staircase shape.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a four-piece concrete block on a mass concrete structure construction site so that the protruding portions thereof face in the same direction and the side surfaces of the same shape of the mutual blocks are brought into contact with each other horizontally. The first concrete block layer is arranged to construct, and the protrusions of the four-body concrete blocks constituting the first concrete block layer are inserted into the fitting holes of the four-body concrete blocks constituting the second concrete block layer. And arranged so that the center point of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer is located on the intersection that is the contact point of the four four-body concrete blocks in the first concrete block layer However, a six-body concrete block and a three-body concrete block are placed on the outer periphery. Here, the three-body type concrete block is arranged at the four corners, and one side surface of the six-body type concrete block and two orthogonal side surfaces of the three-body type concrete block constitute the outer edge, and the six-body type concrete block is also Three-body concrete blocks are also arranged so that the protruding parts of each four-body concrete block constituting the first concrete block layer are inserted into the insertion holes, and the second concrete block layer is constructed. The concrete block layer of the odd-numbered layer is the same as the first concrete block layer, and the even-numbered layer is the same as the second concrete block layer. Or, replace the odd and even layers in the above Wherein the sequentially stacked a click layer, walls using concrete blocks according to the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a mass concrete structure is vertical.

  The dimensions and shape of the concrete block according to the present invention may not be accurate as long as they do not hinder use in civil engineering work. Moreover, since the construction method of the above-mentioned mass concrete structure is civil engineering work, for example, when the side surfaces of the same shape of the mutual blocks are brought into contact with each other, the side surfaces are not in complete contact with each other and are almost in contact with each other. It may be in a state, and the arrangement of the concrete block when constructing the layer of the concrete block is not necessarily completely horizontal, but may be arranged substantially horizontally. Further, for example, the position of the intersection of four four-body concrete blocks in the first concrete block layer and the position of the center point of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer may be substantially the same position. That's fine.

  In the construction method of any one of the above mass concrete structures, when a concrete block whose basic unit has a connecting hole penetrating from the center of the upper surface of the protruding portion to the upper wall of the fitting hole is further used, at least two It is also preferable to carry out a step of inserting a rigid bar into the connecting hole of the concrete block in the concrete block layer having continuous layers. Specifically, for example, after a mass concrete structure is stacked, a step of inserting a rigid bar into a connecting hole of a concrete block so as to penetrate all layers is performed. Alternatively, each time two concrete block layers are stacked, a rigid rod is inserted into the connecting hole of the concrete block that constitutes the two layers, that is, the upper and lower concrete blocks are connected by a rigid rod as a pair. Perform the process. The connection with the rigid rod is not limited to two layers or all layers, and it is a matter of course that the three or four layers may be connected as a set with the rigid rod.

  According to the present invention, the time for a person to work in a dangerous place has been extremely shortened. If the concrete block according to the present invention is used, the block is transported using a light truck or a small truck, or using a rope and a pulley, and in some cases using a helicopter, and is simply placed on site. Alternatively, a mass concrete structure such as a solid dam, retaining wall, embankment, or retaining wall at the bottom of the levee slope can be constructed even if only the work of stacking is performed. And, the construction method of the present invention is limited to a cold region where the concrete is hard to harden or a workable time is limited to a short time of the day. We can cope with construction in places such as. Furthermore, the constructed mass concrete structure can be dismantled only by crane work if necessary.

  Further, in the method of the present invention, the shape in a plan view (that is, a top view) viewed from the upper surface of the main body portion (this is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the main body portion. 1) to 3 types of concrete blocks (in some cases), when a concrete block composed of basic units having a square shape and a plan view (that is, a top view) as viewed from the top surface of the protruding portion is square or circular is used. 4 types, 6 types, 1 type, 3 types, and other basic units (the top view of the main body is rectangular and / or the top view of the protrusion is rectangular) 1 to 5 types of concrete blocks (1 type of 4 body type, 2 types of 6 body type, 2 types of 3 body type) Mold pieces used to manufacture the concrete blocks, since a significant portion is common, it is possible to use a mold piece efficiently.

  In producing a concrete block, the specific gravity of the concrete itself can be increased by blending electric furnace oxidation slag as a coarse aggregate or blending copper slag as a fine aggregate. If such a concrete block is used, the weight of the mass concrete structure will increase and it will become more stable. In addition, if the specific gravity of the concrete itself is increased, the cross-sectional area of the mass concrete structure to be constructed can be reduced as compared with the conventional one, so that the design / construction cost can be reduced.

  Using a concrete block with a basic unit with a connecting hole that penetrates the upper wall of the insertion hole from the center of the upper surface of the protruding part, and inserting a rigid rod into this connecting hole, the rigidity of the concrete that constitutes multiple layers In the embodiment in which the connection with the bars is also performed, the connection between the upper and lower concrete blocks is further strengthened.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a basic unit in a concrete block of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the center line of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a four-body concrete block. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a six-body concrete block. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a three-body concrete block. FIG. 6 is an arrangement example using an example of a four-body concrete block, and is a plan view showing a base portion (first layer) of a dam and a part of a second layer placed thereon. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an arrangement example in which the second layer is placed on the base (first layer) shown in FIG. 6, wherein the second layer is on the left half and the first layer is on the right half. It is the shown top view. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of a four-body concrete block in which the upper surface shape of the main body is square and the shape of the base of the protrusion is rectangular in the basic unit. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of a four-body concrete block in which the shape of each of the upper surface of the main body portion and the base portion of the protruding portion is a rectangle in the basic unit. FIG. 10 is a plan view of a first six-body concrete block used when the four-body concrete block shown in FIG. 9 is used. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a second six-body concrete block used when the four-body concrete block shown in FIG. 9 is used. FIG. 12 is a plan view of a first three-body concrete block used when the four-body concrete block shown in FIG. 9 is used. FIG. 13 is a plan view of a second three-body concrete block used when the four-body concrete block shown in FIG. 9 is used.

  In the concrete used in the present invention, the cement to be used is not particularly limited, and various cements such as ordinary Portland cement, high-strength Portland cement, moderately hot Portland cement, slag cement, silica cement and the like can be used.

  The concrete block according to the present invention is prepared for disasters caused by landslides and volcanic eruptions in mountainous areas, changing the flow of volcanic mudflow, debris flow, lava flow, etc. Thus, a concrete block with a high specific gravity is preferable when used for a dam or a dike constructed for the purpose of guiding. When manufacturing such high specific gravity concrete, it is preferable to mix | blend electric furnace oxidation slag and copper slag as an aggregate.

  Since electric furnace oxidation slag uses scrap iron as a raw material, there is no fear of containing harmful substances, and the specific gravity is as high as 3.5 to 3.6. Similarly, copper slag has a high specific gravity, and it has been confirmed that it does not contain harmful metals. Since electric furnace oxidation slag has a relatively large particle size, it is mainly used by blending with coarse aggregates, but those having a small particle size may be blended with fine aggregates. Since copper slag has a relatively small particle size, it is mainly used by blending with fine aggregates, but large particles may be blended with coarse aggregates. You may comprise a coarse aggregate and a fine aggregate only with these slag. However, for example, when the particle size distribution of these slags is not preferable, it is used together with other aggregates in order to obtain a preferable particle size distribution. The use of these slags leads to the effective use of waste, and allows the construction of a robust and heavy mass concrete structure that is less likely to be swept away by mud flow, debris flow, lava flow and the like.

  Next, the shape of the concrete block according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the basic unit constituting the concrete block of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a basic unit, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the center line of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the basic unit 1 constituting the concrete block of the present invention, the main body 9 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and has a truncated pyramid-shaped protrusion 3 at the center of the upper surface 2 thereof. The bottom surface 4 of the main body 9 is provided with an insertion hole 5 having a size and a shape into which the protrusion 3 of another basic unit can be inserted with a space. That is, the protruding portion 3 and the insertion hole 5 are combined so as to be fitted to each other. In this example, a storage portion 8 for storing the lifting metal fitting is further provided above the insertion hole 5. Further, in this example, a connecting hole 7 that communicates with the upper end of the storage portion 8 and the upper surface 6 of the protruding portion 3 is also formed. In the present specification, the “connection hole that penetrates from the center of the upper surface of the protrusion to the upper wall of the fitting hole” also includes “the connection hole that penetrates from the center of the upper surface of the protrusion to the upper end of the storage portion”. . When the storage unit 8 is provided, the upper wall of the insertion hole located at the lower part of the upper end of the storage unit 8 is removed. Therefore, if the connecting hole penetrates to the upper end of the storage unit, the upper wall of the insertion hole is penetrated. Because.

  The size of the basic unit 1 is preferably large in terms of work efficiency, but it is necessary that the four-body block, the six-body block, and the three-body block can be easily transported to a mountainous area. In other words, the size is not limited as long as it can be easily transported.

  For example, the main body portion 9 (cuboid shape) of the basic unit 1 has a top surface 2 that is a square with a side of 590 mm and a height of 600 mm. The protrusion 3 (pyramidal frustum shape) has a base having a square shape with a side of 280 mm, an upper surface 6 having a square shape with a side of 180 mm, and a height of 130 mm. The fitting hole 5 is a truncated pyramid-shaped cavity having a square bottom surface with a side of 300 mm and a square top surface with a side of 200 mm and a height of 150 mm. Preferably, a cavity having a height of 100 mm is provided on the insertion hole 5 as a storage portion 8 for storing the lifting metal fitting.

In the above example, the ratio of the area of the base of the protruding portion 3 to the area of the upper surface 2 of the main body 9, that is, the lowest area, is 784 cm ² × 100/3481 cm ² = 22.52%. In general, the ratio of the area of the base of the protrusion 3 to the area of the upper surface 2 of the main body 9 is preferably 15 to 30%, more preferably 20 to 20 in order to strengthen the connection relationship between the layers constituting the dam. 25%.

  The shape of the protrusion is a truncated pyramid or a truncated cone. The definition of the truncated pyramid includes not only a square truncated pyramid whose cross-sectional shape is a square (example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) or a rectangle (the example shown in FIGS. 8 to 13), but also a triangular truncated pyramid, A pyramid, a hexagonal frustum, and the like are also included. In addition, the definition of the truncated cone includes not only those having a perfect circular cross section but also those having an ellipse or an oval shape. The definition of a rectangular parallelepiped that is the shape of the main body includes a cube.

  Next, the concrete block of this invention is demonstrated, referring FIG. 3 thru | or FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a four-body concrete block 10 that is the basis of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a six-body concrete block 11, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a three-body concrete block 12. . The basic unit constituting these blocks is that the main body has a rectangular parallelepiped shape (however, the top surface is square), and the projecting portion and the insertion hole are square frustum shapes (however, the cross-sectional shape is square) It is. Accordingly, the side surfaces when the projecting portion is on all four sides have the same shape and the same size. The four-body block 10 has two basic units, a three-dimensional object in which the side surfaces are in close contact with each other with the protrusions facing upward, and a two-body concrete block arranged in parallel. The six-body block is a three-body type concrete block with a three-dimensional concrete block in which three basic units are arranged in series with the protrusions facing upward and the side surfaces are in close contact with each other. It is a shape in which two concrete blocks are arranged in parallel and brought into close contact with each other, and a three-body block is a three-dimensional shape in which three such basic units are arranged in series with the protrusions facing up and the sides are brought into close contact with each other. It is. Using only these three types of blocks, a mass concrete structure as designed can be constructed.

  Next, the construction method of the mass concrete structure will be described. FIG. 6 shows an arrangement example of a first concrete block layer as a base part of a mass concrete structure and a part of the second concrete block layer in which four-body blocks 10 are arranged on a grounded mass concrete structure construction site. FIG. In FIG. 6, the part enclosed with the continuous line represents the 2nd concrete block layer. The rest of the area represents the first concrete block layer. In FIG. 6, the outer periphery of each four-body block constituting the first concrete block layer is represented by a thick broken line, that is, a connecting line 16. Therefore, the first concrete block layer is formed by arranging seven four-body blocks in the vertical and horizontal directions. Further, the outer periphery of each four-body block constituting the second concrete block layer is indicated by a solid line 16a. In the outer periphery of the four-body block, the portion where the adjacent four-body block does not exist, that is, the outer edge portion is named outer edge lines 15 and 15a. The outer edge line 15 is the outer periphery of the first concrete block layer, and the outer edge line 15a is the outer periphery of the second concrete block layer. A point where four four-body blocks constituting the first concrete block layer intersect was designated as an intersection point 17. Although it does not actually exist, in order to indicate the basic unit of the four-body block, the second concrete block layer is configured with a dashed line between the basic units of the four-body block constituting the first concrete block layer. A two-dot chain line is shown between the basic units of the four-body block. These lines are called unit lines 13 (for the first concrete block layer block) and 13a (for the second concrete block layer block), respectively. The unit lines 13 always intersect at the center of the four-body block to form a center point 14. The unit lines 13a always intersect at the center of the four-body block to form the center point 14a. About the protrusion part 3 provided in the upper surface of each basic unit, only the base part was shown with the somewhat thin broken line. As is apparent from FIG. 3, one base portion of the projecting portion 3 exists in the central portion of the portion surrounded by the unit line 13. In addition, although all the basic units have protrusions, some of them are omitted in FIG.

  In order to form the second concrete block layer, when the blocks are stacked on the first concrete block layer, the first concrete block layer is configured to ensure the connection of the upper and lower blocks. The block insertion hole 5 of the second concrete block layer is positioned on the projecting portion 3 of the block, and the projecting portion 3 is disposed so as to fit into the insertion hole 5. Furthermore, the position of the connection line 16 of the first concrete block layer and the connection line 16a of the second concrete block layer should not coincide. Therefore, the corners of the blocks constituting the second concrete block layer are made to substantially coincide with the center points 14 of the blocks constituting the first concrete block layer. In other words, it is arranged so that the center point 14a of the block constituting the second concrete block layer is generally positioned on the intersection 17 of the first concrete block layer. By disposing the blocks constituting the second concrete block layer in this way, the first concrete block layer and the second concrete block layer can be firmly connected by simply placing the block. By this method, the third concrete block layer, the fourth concrete block layer,..., The nth concrete block layer (n is an integer of 5 or more) can be constructed.

  Here, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the outer edge line 15 a of the four-body block of the second concrete block layer is generally a block that constitutes the first concrete block layer and is the outermost block. It is located on a line connecting the center points 14. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 6, six quadrilateral blocks are arranged vertically and horizontally in the second concrete block layer. In this state, in the first concrete block layer, the second concrete block layer is arranged on the four-piece block row from the bottom to the third in FIG. 6, and the outer edge line 15a of the second concrete block layer is arranged. It is expressed by showing it with a solid line. In this example, as the second concrete block layer, the third concrete block layer,... That is, the outer edge portion of the mass concrete structure has a step shape or a pyramid shape.

  Contrary to the example shown in FIG. 6, the concrete block can be arranged so that the width of the basic unit increases by one basic unit in each vertical and horizontal direction, that is, widens upward. . In other words, the stacking method may be such that when the second concrete block layer is stacked, the outer edge portion of the first concrete block layer cannot be seen from above, and the outer edge portion has a reverse staircase shape. Here, it does not mean that all four sides constituting the outer edge portion must be stepped or reversely stepped. According to the topography of the site where the mass concrete structure is constructed, each side may have a staircase shape or a reverse staircase shape.

  Next, a method for constructing a mass concrete structure in which the wall surfaces are vertical, that is, the area and shape of each layer are the same will be described. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the first concrete block layer on the right half and the second concrete block layer on the left half. The first concrete block layer is arranged in the same manner as the first concrete block layer in FIG. Therefore, the outer periphery of each four-body block constituting the first concrete block layer is expressed by a thick broken line, that is, a connecting line 16, and the unit line 13 that is a virtual line indicating the outer periphery of the basic unit is expressed by a one-dot chain line. Has been. The outer edge is indicated by an outer edge line 15. As for the blocks constituting the second concrete block layer, the connection line 16a which is the outer periphery thereof is represented by a solid line, and the unit line 13a which is a virtual line indicating the outer periphery of the basic unit is represented by a two-dot chain line. Moreover, although the outer edge part was shown with the outer edge line 15a, this has overlapped with the outer edge line 15 of a 1st concrete block layer. In FIG. 7, as in FIG. 6, some of the protrusions are omitted.

  In this example, the four-body concrete block 10, the six-body concrete block 11, and the three-body concrete block 12 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 were used. In constructing the second concrete block layer, a four-body block 10 is stacked at the center, but a six-body block 11 and a three-body block 12 are arranged on the outer periphery. More specifically, the six-body block 11 is arranged such that, of the two types of side surfaces, the side surface with the smaller area (the narrow width) forms the outer edge portion, that is, the outer edge line 15a. At the four corners of the object, two orthogonal side surfaces of the three-piece concrete block 12 were arranged so as to constitute an outer edge portion, that is, an outer edge line 15a. In addition, about the location where the four-body block 10 was piled up, the four-body block 10 which generally comprises a 2nd concrete block layer on the intersection 17 of a 1st concrete block layer similarly to the example shown in FIG. The center point 14a is located. Thereby, the upper and lower layers are integrated without the connection line 16 of the first concrete block layer and the connection line 16a of the second concrete block layer overlapping.

  The third concrete block layer is constructed by stacking only the four-body block 10 in the same arrangement as the first concrete block layer. Thereby, the upper and lower layers are integrated without the connection line 16a of the second concrete block layer and the connection line 16 of the third concrete block layer overlapping. Thus, by adopting the first concrete block layer stacking method for odd layers and adopting the second concrete block layer stacking method for even layers, each layer is viewed as a plan view. The same area and the same shape can be maintained. Note that the first concrete block layer (odd number layer) and the second concrete block layer (even number layer) in the above description may be interchanged.

  A mass concrete structure may have a vertical wall surface or an inclined wall surface depending on the terrain of the construction site or by design. When building an inclined wall surface, the inclination angle varies. These requests can be met by appropriately combining the stacking method described with reference to FIG. 6 and the stacking method described with reference to FIG. That is, a mass concrete structure having a desired wall surface shape can be constructed by appropriately combining two kinds of construction methods for the mass concrete structure according to the present invention.

  Although not shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the concrete block preferably has a connecting hole 7 penetrating from the center of the upper surface of the protruding portion of each basic unit to the upper wall of the fitting hole. If the protrusions 3 of the lower layer block are stacked while being inserted into the insertion holes 5 of the upper layer block, the connecting hole 7 penetrates through all units of each layer no matter how many layers are stacked. In the construction method of the mass concrete structure of the present invention, the blocks constituting the first concrete block layer and the blocks constituting the second concrete block layer are arranged so that the positions of the connecting lines 16 are shifted. The connection between each layer is strong. However, if a rigid rod is inserted into the connecting hole 7 to connect the layers, and the rigid rod is inserted until reaching the lower end of the mass concrete structure, an even stronger mass concrete structure can be constructed. it can. The rigid rod refers to various steel rods and iron bars made of stainless steel, for example.

  The rigid bar may be fixed by any method. For example, when the cross-sectional shape of the connecting hole is a square, the diagonal is the longest and the distance between the opposing sides is the shortest. Therefore, prepare two steel plates that are shorter than the length of the diagonal and longer than the distance between the opposite sides, and make them cross-shaped by crossing them at the center and fix them near the end of the rigid bar. For example, it is possible to easily insert the rigid rod into the connection hole using the diagonal portion of the connection hole. The rigid bar is inserted to a predetermined position and rotated about 45 degrees. Thereby, a rigid rod can be fixed in a connection hole by hooking a cross-shaped steel plate on the upper wall (or upper end of a storage part) of the insertion hole of a concrete block.

  Note that the length of the rigid bar may be a length that can connect the bottom layer to the top layer of the structure at once, or a length that can connect two concrete block layers. May be. Alternatively, the length of the rigid rod may be a length capable of connecting three concrete block layers or a length capable of connecting four concrete block layers. When connecting two concrete block layers, when the two concrete block layers are stacked, the height of the two concrete block layers (from the upper wall of the lower block insertion hole (or the upper end of the storage part) to the upper block) The two concrete block layers are connected using a rigid rod having a length approximately equal to the length of the top surface of the protrusion. Here, the connection by the rigid rod does not have to be performed for all the connection holes. For example, the connection between the first concrete block layer and the second concrete block layer is performed every other connection hole in each connection hole row, and the first concrete block layer is a connection hole of the second concrete block layer. The connection holes that are not used for connection with the concrete block layer may be used for connection with the third concrete block layer. Further, in this case, it is preferable that the positions of the connection holes used for connection differ between the first row and the second row of the connection hole. For example, the first row uses odd-numbered holes and the second row uses even-numbered holes to connect the first concrete block layer and the second concrete block layer.

  The space remaining in the connecting hole after the rigid rod is inserted may be left as it is, but a hydraulic substance such as cement or mortar that is not yet cured by kneading with water may be allowed to flow into the space and cured. Further, in the middle portion in the longitudinal direction of the rigid rod, a hollow split sheath tube, the outer diameter of which is slightly smaller than the length of one side of the connecting hole, and the inner diameter thereof is smaller than the thickness of the connecting rod. A rigid rod can be fixed by attaching a slightly larger one and preventing eccentricity of the rigid rod.

  It is considered that the block in the present invention is often placed at a place different from the construction place of the mass concrete structure. In such a case, it is necessary to lift and move the block, and it is necessary to embed a lifting bracket (not shown) in the block itself. In this case, the lifting metal fitting is embedded in the protrusion so that the head protrudes from the upper surface of the protrusion. When there is a connecting hole, a lifting metal fitting is embedded in the protruding portion so that the head protrudes from a portion avoiding the connecting hole on the upper surface of the protruding portion. The storage unit 8 shown in FIG. 2 is a space for collectively storing lifting metal fittings protruding after the construction of the mass concrete structure. The storage unit 8 can store four lifting brackets.

  The case where the connection hole having a square cross-sectional shape is provided has been described as an example, but the cross-sectional shape of the connection hole may be a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, or the like. Further, in the above description, an example in which each of the four-body block, the six-body block, and the three-body block has connection holes in all the protrusions has been described, but the protrusions having the connection holes constitute each concrete block. The aspect which exists only in a part of basic unit may be sufficient. That is, for example, in a four-body block, there may be a mode in which 1 to 3 protrusions having connection holes (3 to 1 protrusions having no connection holes) are present. However, in this case, when constructing a mass concrete structure, it is necessary to confirm the position of the connecting hole of each block, and to construct it while inserting the fitting hole having the connecting hole into the protruding portion having the connecting hole. Cost.

  In the above description, a basic unit in which the cross-sectional shape (top surface shape) of the main body portion is square and the cross-sectional shape (base portion or top surface shape) of the protruding portion is square is used. The shape and the cross-sectional shape of the protruding portion are not limited to a square. As shown in FIG. 8, the shape of the upper surface 2 of the main body portion can be a square, and the cross-sectional shape of the protruding portion 3 and the fitting hole 5 fitted thereto can be a rectangular shape. In this case, in one basic unit, the protrusion 3 and the insertion hole 5 may face the same direction, that is, the long sides of the rectangles having the cross-sectional shape thereof may be in the same direction. The direction of the insertion hole 5 may be rotated 90 degrees with respect to the direction of the protruding portion 3. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion part 3 and the insertion hole 5 can also be made into a truncated cone shape or an elliptical truncated cone shape. Even if the shape of the upper surface 2 of the main body is square, if the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion 3 and the insertion hole 5 is a rectangle or an ellipse, directionality occurs, so for the six-body block and the three-body block Each of these requires two different ways of coupling the basic units. Please refer to FIG. 10 to FIG. 13 showing the six-body block and the three-body block when the cross-sectional shape of the main body and the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion are both rectangular.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, not only the protrusion 3 but also the cross-sectional shape of the main body (the shape of the upper surface 2) can be rectangular. In this case as well, directionality arises, so two types of longitudinally long first six-body type blocks as shown in FIG. 10 and horizontally long second six-body type blocks as shown in FIG. 11 are required. Furthermore, two types of three-body blocks as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are required at the corners of the mass concrete structure.

  In addition, when the shape of the projecting part or the main body part causes directionality, when the two-body block, the three-body block, the four-body block, and the six-body block are configured by closely contacting the basic unit, the projecting part It is necessary that they face each other in the same direction and that the side surfaces of the same shape are in close contact with each other with the protruding portion facing up. For example, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is a rectangle, the protrusions of each basic unit constituting one block (for example, a four-body block) all face the same direction, in other words, one basic unit. The long side of the rectangle, which is the cross-sectional shape of the protruding portion, and the long side of the rectangle, which is the cross-sectional shape of the protruding portion of the other basic unit, are parallel or constitute a straight line. Units are in close contact. The long side of one basic unit and the long side of another basic unit should not be in close contact so as to intersect at an angle of 90 degrees. In addition, even when the cross-sectional shape (top surface shape) of the main body is a rectangle, among the two types of side surfaces of the main body, the side surfaces having the same shape and size are brought into close contact with each other to form a two-body block, three-body type Let it be a block, a four-body block, and a six-body block.

  The problem of the directionality of the projecting portions and the main body portion affects not only the individual blocks but also the arrangement of the blocks when constructing the mass concrete structure. For example, when using a concrete block in which the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion in one basic unit is a rectangle, when constructing a mass concrete structure, the protrusions of all blocks constituting each layer should face the same direction. Placed in. And in one basic unit, when the direction of a protrusion part and the direction of a fitting hole are the same, a protrusion part faces the same direction in all the layers. However, in one basic unit, when the cross-sectional shape of the main body is a square and the direction of the insertion hole is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the direction of the protrusion, the protrusion The direction of is rotated 90 degrees.

1: Basic unit 2: Upper surface (main body part) 3: Projection part 4: Bottom surface 5: Insertion hole 6: Upper surface (of projection part) 7: Connection hole 8: Storage part 9: Main part 10: Four-body block 11: Six-body block 12: Three-body block 13, 13a: Unit line 14, 14a: Center point 15, 15a: Outer edge line 16, 16a: Connection line 17: Intersection

Claims (11)

The basic unit has a truncated pyramid or truncated cone-shaped protrusion at the center of the top surface of the rectangular parallelepiped main body, and the size and shape that allows the protrusion to fit in the center of the bottom. These two basic units were closely attached to each other in the same shape with the protrusions facing up so that the protrusions faced in the same direction. A four-body concrete block characterized in that a three-dimensional object is a two-body concrete block, and two two-body concrete blocks are arranged in parallel and brought into close contact with each other. 3. A three-dimensional object in which three basic units according to claim 1 are arranged in series with the protrusions facing up so that the protrusions face in the same direction and the side surfaces of the same shape are in close contact with each other A six-body type concrete block characterized by having a three-body type concrete block and having two three-body type concrete blocks arranged in parallel and in close contact with each other. The three basic units according to claim 1 are arranged in series with the protrusions facing up so that the protrusions face in the same direction, and the side surfaces of the same shape are in close contact with each other. Characteristic three-body concrete block. The concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an area of a base portion of the protruding portion is 15 to 30% of an area of an upper surface of the main body portion. 5. The concrete block according to claim 1, wherein, in the basic unit, the main body portion has a square shape on the upper surface, and the projecting portion has a square shape on the base portion and the upper surface. The concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the basic unit has a connecting hole penetrating from the center of the upper surface of the protruding portion to the upper wall of the fitting hole. The concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electric furnace oxidation slag is used for a part or all of the coarse aggregate. The concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein copper slag is used for a part or all of the fine aggregate. In the mass concrete structure construction site, place the four-body concrete blocks horizontally with their protruding parts facing in the same direction, with the side surfaces of the same shape of each block in contact with each other horizontally. Construct a concrete block layer,
The projecting portion of each four-body concrete block constituting the first concrete block layer is fitted into the fitting hole of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer, and in the first concrete block layer The second concrete block layer is constructed by arranging so that the center point of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer is located on the intersection which is the contact point of the four four-body concrete blocks,
Similarly, after the third concrete block layer, the projecting portion of each four-body concrete block constituting the lower layer is inserted into the insertion hole of each four-body concrete block constituting the upper layer, and The concrete block layer is constructed by arranging so that the center point of each four-body concrete block that constitutes the upper layer is located on the intersection that is the contact point of the four four-body concrete blocks in the layer of
The method for constructing a mass concrete structure using a four-body concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the concrete block layers are sequentially stacked. In the mass concrete structure construction site, place the four-body concrete blocks horizontally with their protruding parts facing in the same direction, with the side surfaces of the same shape of each block in contact with each other horizontally. Construct a concrete block layer,
The projecting portion of each four-body concrete block constituting the first concrete block layer is fitted into the fitting hole of each four-body concrete block constituting the second concrete block layer, and in the first concrete block layer It is arranged so that the center point of each four-body concrete block that constitutes the second concrete block layer is located on the intersection that is the contact point of four four-body concrete blocks. And a three-body concrete block, where the three-body concrete block is arranged at the four corners, so that one side of the six-body concrete block and two orthogonal sides of the three-body concrete block constitute the outer edge And six-body concrete block is also three-body concrete block , Be placed in their insertion hole to protrusion of the four type concrete block constituting the first concrete block layer is fitted, and build a second concrete block layer,
The third and subsequent concrete block layers are constructed by placing concrete blocks in the same manner as the first concrete block layer and the even layer in the same manner as the second concrete block layer,
Pile up concrete block layers sequentially, or
In the above, the odd-numbered layer and the even-numbered layer are switched and the concrete block layer is sequentially stacked,
A method for constructing a mass concrete structure using a concrete block according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wall surface is vertical. A mass concrete structure using the concrete block according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the concrete block according to claim 6 is used and the mass concrete structure is stacked by the method according to claim 9 and / or 10. The concrete method according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising the step of inserting a rigid bar into the connection hole of the concrete block according to claim 6 in at least two continuous concrete block layers. Construction method of mass concrete structure using blocks.

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