JP2019019549A - Laying block for retaining wall - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a laying block for a retaining wall utilizing large-sized concrete blockwork, which is applicable to other structures.SOLUTION: A block body for constructing a structure which is filled with a filler in an included space comprises facing first wall material 21 and second wall material 22, and a connection member 3 connecting both the wall materials. Both the wall materials include connection portions 23 protruded on inner wall faces and connecting with the connection member 3. The connection member 3 forms a plurality of stable skeleton planes including at least an upper chord member 31, a lower chord member 32 and a diagonal member 33.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to the construction of civil engineering structures such as retaining walls using block stacking.

  With regard to construction of civil engineering structures, the use of precast products is an indispensable element in order to secure a certain quality in a certain construction period while making up for labor shortages. In place of conventional on-site concrete retaining walls and concrete revetments, building construction using large block stacks is frequently performed.

  Since the conventional large retaining wall block adopts standards such as different gradients and reserve widths depending on the field conditions, a special formwork corresponding to them is required for manufacturing. Therefore, the cost and the number of production days are affected.

  Further, increasing the size of the block is heavy, increasing the volume of the block including the filling space, and has become a major issue with regard to carrying the block to the site and installing it.

  The invention of the utility model registration No. 3156212 of the wide adjustable block has been proposed that the block width can be freely selected by connecting the front wall and the rear wall with metal fittings, and that the block is lightened.

Utility Model Registration No. 3156212

  Retaining walls using typical large concrete block stacks are used for road improvement, river improvement, construction work, etc., but there are some problems. The shape of the structure to be built is limited to a leaning retaining wall, etc., and it cannot be used for other structures. Therefore, in the case of an equal-thickness leaning retaining wall, a single block can have independence, but as a result of building up the blocks by building up, it is a structure that does not have independence. There are cases where it cannot be adopted. In addition, due to the nature of building blocks in a row, the coupling force between the blocks is small, which may be pointed out as a problem for the entire structure. Both are issues related to the reliability of the structure. It is also a problem that the cross section cannot be changed for a structure to be built integrally.

  A block body for constructing a structure by connecting in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction and filling a containing space with a filler, the first wall material and the second wall material facing each other, and the both wall materials A connecting member for connecting, the both wall members having a connecting portion projecting from an inner wall surface that is connected to the connecting member, and the connecting member includes at least an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and A block body that forms a plurality of stable frame planes having diagonal members.

  A plurality of the block bodies, wherein the outer wall surfaces of the first wall member or the second wall member have the same gradient, and at least one outer wall surface forms a continuous surface for the purpose of building an integral structure. A plurality of block bodies according to claim 1 for.

  Among the plurality of block bodies, the width between the first wall member of the lower block body and the upper side of the outer wall surface of the second wall member between the block bodies which are in contact with each other in the vertical direction is the first block body of the upper block body. The width of the wall material and the second wall material is equal to or greater than the width between the lower sides of the outer wall surface, and at least one of the outer wall surfaces forms a continuous surface for continuous construction for the purpose of building an integral structure. Multiple block bodies.

  A plurality of blocks for connecting together for the purpose of building an integral structure, comprising block block connecting members for connecting the block bodies, wherein the block bodies are connected in series in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction. The block body according to claim 1.

  A connecting member for connecting both wall materials is installed between the first wall material and the second wall material. The connecting member is manufactured by a manufacturing process different from that of the both wall materials, and the width and angle between the both wall materials can be easily adjusted by the degree of freedom of the length. That is, the distance and inclination between the wall materials are determined by the lengths of the upper chord material, the lower chord material, and the diagonal material. By forming a plurality of frame planes with such a plane-stable set of connecting members, a stable block body is formed, and the front surface of the structure is not limited to the shape of an equal thickness block body. The slope and rear slope can be set freely. In addition, for example, the wall material is made of concrete, steel is used as the connecting material, and intermediate filling concrete is used as the filling material, so that the intermediate filling between the first wall material and the second wall material is possible as compared with the conventional case. Since the space for filling the concrete can be enlarged, the block bodies to be connected can be constructed as a structure having an integral coupling force as a whole. In addition, the connecting member has an advantage that not only the first wall member and the second wall member of the same block body but also the other adjacent block bodies can be connected.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a block body connection state. (Example 1) FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a block body. (Example 1) FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram relating to the basic shape of the wall material. (Example 1) FIG. 4 is a connection state diagram of the connecting member and the connecting member and the wall member. (Example 1) FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a mountain retaining wall according to the block body of the present invention. (Example 1) FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram relating to the continuation of the outer wall surface. (Example 1) FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram regarding a gravity retaining wall using a block body. (Example 2) FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram regarding a bank construction using a block body. Example 3 FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of continuous connection of block bodies having different outer wall surfaces with different gradients. (Example 4) FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram using a coupling plate in the coupling portion. (Example 5) FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram relating to reinforcing the coupling force between the block bodies. (Example 6)

  In general, regarding the construction of the retaining wall, the space side of the retaining wall is called the front of the retaining wall 4 and the ground side is called the rear. Accordingly, the retaining wall portions are referred to as a retaining wall front surface 41 and a retaining wall rear surface 42, respectively. In the block body of the present invention, the first wall material 21 side is basically the front surface side and the second wall material 22 side is the rear surface side. Wall material is treated as front. As for the part of the block body, in both the first wall material and the second wall material, the side facing the outside of the block body is called the outer wall surface, the enclosing space side is called the inner wall surface, and the outer wall surface and the inner wall surface are Has an upper side, a lower side, left and right side sides or oblique sides, and has an upper side surface, a lower side surface, left and right side sides or oblique sides between those sides of the outer wall surface and the inner wall surface. In order to connect rectangular block bodies, between the adjacent block bodies, the left side surface and the right side surface or the right side surface and the left side surface are contacted in the horizontal direction, and the upper side surface and the lower side in the vertical direction. Install so that it touches the surface. However, a spacer may be provided between the blocks. Regarding the gradient, the vertical rise from the horizontal is called a 10% gradient with respect to the horizontal 1.0, and the vertical 1.0 is 1 minute to 9 with respect to the horizontal 0.1 to 0.9. It is called a minute gradient.

  The continuation of the outer wall surface 11 due to the continuous arrangement of the block bodies 1 means overlapping coincidence of each side of the outer wall surface of the block body in contact with each other of the first wall member 21 or the first wall member 22 and the second wall member 22. Regarding the construction of a concrete structure such as the retaining wall 4 by connecting the block bodies, there may be cases where the wall surface does not have continuity, such as installing block bodies in a staircase shape, but in this embodiment, the retaining wall front surface 41 or The construction of an integral structure in which the front surface of the retaining wall and the rear surface 42 are continuous is shown as a basis.

  An embodiment in which the block body 1 of the present invention is used to construct a leaning retaining wall 4 having a front surface 41 shown in FIG. The side view of FIG. 1 is obtained by stacking three block bodies in the vertical direction. The outer wall surface 11 of the first wall member 21 of the block body has a 5-minute gradient, and the outer wall surface of the second wall member 22 has a 2-minute gradient. From the lowermost block body to the uppermost block body, each of the first wall material and the second wall material has the same shape. A continuous wall surface is formed by adjusting the length of the connecting member 3. That is, the interval between the first wall member of the lowermost block body and the upper side of the outer wall surface of the second wall member is made equal to the interval between the first wall member of the middle block member and the lower side of the outer wall surface of the second wall member. To form an outer wall surface continuous with the middle block body, and similarly, the interval between the first wall material of the middle block body and the upper side of the outer wall surface of the second wall material is the first wall of the uppermost block body. By making the distance between the lower side of the outer wall surface of the material and the second wall material equal to each other, the outer wall surface as a whole is made into a block body continuous with a single gradient, and by connecting them together, the integrated structure described above Can be built.

  FIG. 2 shows a plan view, a front view, and a side view of the middle-stage block body in the continuous arrangement of the block bodies 1 shown in FIG. The first wall member 21 whose outer wall surface 11 has a five-minute gradient and the second wall member 22 whose outer wall surface has a two-minute gradient face each other with the inner wall surface 12 facing each other, and are connected by the connecting member 3. As shown in the side view of FIG. 2 (3), the arrangement of the connecting members is composed of a pair of substantially horizontal upper chord material 31 and lower chord material 32 and a diagonal member 33 arranged between the two chord materials. The upper portion of the first wall member has a connecting portion 23 for overlapping the upper chord member and connecting the diagonal member, and the lower portion has a connecting portion for connecting the lower chord member. The second wall material includes a coupling portion of the upper chord material and a coupling portion of the lower chord material and the diagonal material. As shown in FIG. 2 (1), a pair of upper chord material, lower chord material and diagonal material by joining these connecting materials forms a frame plane 39 in the vertical direction between the first wall material and the second wall material. And each wall material is provided with two connecting portions, so that two vertical planes of the frame are formed. In this example, two independent planes are formed as shown in the figure, but a stable block body can also be formed by two frame planes in which the upper chord material or the lower chord material overlap. In this case, the number of connecting portions may be three.

  FIG. 3 shows basic shapes of wall materials used as the first wall material and the second wall material. FIG. 3A is a front view showing the inner wall surface 12 of the wall material. 3 (2) is a plan view showing the upper side surface 12, and FIG. 3 (3) is a side view showing the side side surface 15. FIG. Convex portions provided at four locations on the inner wall surface are coupling portions 23, and the vertical surface on the side surface side shown in FIG. 3B is a bonding surface 24, and an insert hole 25 is disposed at the center portion. . This wall material is a rectangular plate having a height of 1 to 1.5 m, a width of 1.5 to 2.0 m, and a thickness of about 10 to 15 cm. It will be manufactured. Between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the wall material of the rectangular plate, a mesh bar is a back bar as a precautionary reinforcing bar, but is omitted in the drawing. If necessary, the upper side surface 13 can be provided with two shift preventing projections 17, and the lower side surface 14 has a locking hole 18 for fixing the position when the block bodies are continuously provided. The installation location shown in the figure is a position that is 1/4 of the length of the upper side and the lower side, and it is assumed that the blocks are stacked in a staggered arrangement. In addition, on the upper side surface, two hanging metal fittings 19 installation positions are illustrated as construction metal fittings.

  FIG. 4 shows the connection member 3 and the state of connection. The connecting member 3 that connects the first wall member 21 and the second wall member 22 uses a steel material having predetermined compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength. Regarding the wall material of the above basic shape, an L-shaped steel 37 of about L6 × 50 × 50 to L6 × 75 × 75 mm is used for both strings, and a flat steel 38 of about 6 × 50 to 6 × 75 mm is used for the diagonal material. Each member has bolt penetration holes 34 at both ends. A bolt 35 having a diameter of 16 mm and a length of about 50 mm is used as the coupling fitting, and is paired with the insert 36 of the insert hole 25 provided in the joining surface 24 and can be screwed. As shown in FIG. 4, the first chord member 31 and the second wall member are coupled by arranging L-shaped steel so that the upper chord member 31 of the connecting member is above the horizontal plane and the lower chord member 32 is below the horizontal plane. In the joint portion, the joint surface is bolted alone or overlaid with the diagonal material. As for the relationship between the upper chord material, the lower chord material and the diagonal material, the arrangement is not limited, but when using a chord material having strength against the diagonal material as in this example, the upper chord material is as high as possible, It is effective to arrange the lower chord material below and to arrange the diagonal material having an inclination with respect to the chord material between the two members as a reinforcing material.

FIG. 6 shows the continuation of the outer wall surface 11 of the block body 1 in this example. In the case of this block body, when the outer wall surface of the wall material is installed in a continuous state with a single gradient, the interval L ₀ between the lower sides of the block body, L ₁ between the upper sides, and H is the height. , L ₁ = L ₀ −H × (0.5−0.2) is established, and the connecting member (L ₁ is the length between the lower sides of the outer wall surfaces of the upper block body continuously installed in the upper stage). (It is omitted in the figure). As for the wall material, as described in “0016”, the first wall material 21 or the second wall material 22 has the same shape. However, the shapes of the first wall material and the second wall material differ depending on the gradient of the outer wall surface. Two methods will be described as examples for the production or installation of block bodies having outer wall surfaces with different gradients using wall materials having the same basic shape. This is because it is desirable to manufacture using the same shape as much as possible from the viewpoint of cost and quality control. In order to manufacture or install a block body having a height H, the first wall member shown in FIG. The adjustment unit 28 is used for processing, while the second wall material is provided with a spacer 29 corresponding to the gradient. At a height of about 1 m, since the length of the hypotenuse exceeds 4 cm at a gradient of 3 minutes or more, it is difficult to install a sheet-like spacer. Moreover, when producing a makeup | decoration block, in order to give a pattern to the outer wall surface of a 1st wall material, it becomes a process different from a 2nd wall material.

  FIG. 5 shows a retaining wall construction situation by the continuous arrangement of the block bodies 1. FIG. 5 (1) displays the state of the natural ground 46 before the retaining wall construction with a dotted line. After excavation of the natural ground, the foundation crushed stone 45 and the leveled concrete 44 are constructed, the block body of the present invention is installed, and the concrete fastening mold frames 43 are provided at both ends in the horizontal direction of the block body shown in FIG. Concrete is cast in the internal space of the first wall material and second wall material of the block body to be continuously provided and the fastening mold frame. After stacking all the blocks, it is not necessary to place concrete in the inner space. It is only necessary to shoot in several times according to the stacked state of the blocks. Although not shown in the figure, a reinforcing bar is placed on the concrete joint as necessary. In this case, the retaining wall of the Yamadome is constructed by 12 block bodies. Unlike the conventional retaining wall made of a concrete block, the retaining wall can be constructed with a leaning retaining wall having self-supporting properties in consideration of the stability of the rear surface 42 of the retaining wall against earth pressure.

  In FIG. 7, various examples of the gravity type retaining wall 4 are shown only by the continuous arrangement of the block bodies 1. FIG. 7 (1) shows a gravity retaining wall with a retaining wall front surface 41 having a 5-minute gradient and a rear surface 42 having an inverted 1-minute gradient. Although the basic concept is the same as that of the first embodiment, the width between the wall members of the block body at the bottom is increased, so that the strength of the connecting member 3 needs to be scrutinized. When putting ready-mixed concrete as a filler, the connecting member is not only required to maintain its shape, but is also required to be lifted and lowered by a crane when installed on the site as a block body. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the wall material is provided with the hanging metal fittings 19 as shown in one or two places, and the three-point to four-point suspension is used. It is necessary to make the cross-section taking into account the compressive strength, buckling load and the like. FIG. 7 (2) shows a gravity type retaining wall in which the front surface of the retaining wall has a gradient of 5 minutes and the rear surface forms a discontinuous surface of a straight wall. Although the weight of this retaining wall is almost the same as the gravity retaining wall shown in Fig. 7 (1), it is considered to be adopted in consideration of the surrounding soil, the position of the center of gravity of the structure, the friction of the rear surface of the retaining wall, etc. Is done. In FIG. 7 (3), the front surface is a straight wall and the rear surface is a gravitational retaining wall with a gradient of 5 minutes, and the inclination is different from the other two examples in consideration of the length of the diagonal member 33.

  In FIG. 8, the outer wall surface 11 of the 1st wall material 21 and the 2nd wall material 22 shows the Example of a bank with 10%. In this case, earth and sand and concrete (not shown in the figure) are used as the filler. Bottom concrete is used for the lower part of the block, and upper concrete is used for the upper part. The lower part is for preventing the suction and the required strength as the structure foundation, and the upper part is for protecting the structure from the external environment. In this structure, since the width between the wall members of the block body is larger than in the second embodiment, the vertical member 331 is added to the upper chord member 31, the lower chord member 32 and the diagonal member 33 in the connecting member 3. As another consideration, in block bodies that use earth and sand as a filler, it is necessary to consider corrosion prevention measures such as plating for connecting members and fittings, and in addition to connecting members suitable for compaction. There is. Concerning construction, if it is difficult to transport and install the block body, it is necessary to consider bringing the wall material and the connecting member into the site and manufacturing the block body at the site. That is, it may occur that the connection of the connecting member to the wall material is considered in parallel with the compacting operation of the filler.

  FIG. 9 shows an installation example of the continuous block bodies 1 in which the gradient of the outer wall surface 11 is different. This is a case where this block body is applied to a structure such as a coastal bank where the front slope changes. In this example, the outer wall gradient of the first wall member 21 of the block body is 10% gradient at the lowest level, 5 minutes gradient at the second level, 2 minutes gradient at the third level, and vertical at the upper level. ing. Further, the continuation of the block body includes a case where a spacer is provided to ensure the continuity, and in this example, the spacer 29 is arranged on the outer wall gradient bisector and the vertical block body of the first wall material. Yes.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment different from the first embodiment regarding the connecting portion of the wall material. A wall plate (first wall material 21 in FIG. 10) is provided with a coupling plate 26 that is a coupling portion 23 protruding from the inner wall surface 12. This coupling plate is made of steel and consists of an anchor portion indicated by a broken line embedded in the wall material and a bracket portion protruding from the inner wall surface. As shown in the figure, in the bracket portion, the L-shaped steel 37 of the upper chord member 31 and the flat steel 38 of the diagonal member 33 are sandwiched, and the coupling bolts 35 are inserted into the respective bolt penetration holes and fastened with nuts. Yes.

  Regarding the bonding force between the block bodies 1, compared to a conventional concrete block, the internal space for filling the filling concrete as a filler is large, and the bonding force is improved. In addition, since the internal space is large, it is possible to reinforce the reinforcing bars. In FIG. 11, the countermeasure for improving the coupling force between the block bodies by the connection between wall materials is shown. 11 (1) Depending on the stacked form of the block bodies, in addition to the serial arrangement shown in FIG. 5, by shifting the position of the shift protrusions on the upper side surface of the wall material and the shift hole on the lower side surface of FIG. Staggered arrangement can also be easily performed. 11 (2) and 11 (3) show an embodiment in which the shape of the outer wall surface 11 of the first wall member 21 is a hexagonal shape other than a rectangle or a cross shape. Although illustration is omitted, also in these examples, the arrangement of the connecting members and the position of the coupling portion are not significantly different from those of the first embodiment. About FIG.11 (4-1) and FIG.11 (4-2), the inter-block connection member 40 is distribute | arranged between the block bodies which contact | connect a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, and the coupling | bonding force is improved directly. It is necessary to consider when earth and sand having no bonding force is used as the filler.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Block body, 11 Outer wall surface, 12 Inner wall surface, 13 Upper side surface, 14 Lower side surface, 15 Side side surface, 16 Oblique side surface, 17 Shift prevention convex part, 18 Shift stop hole, 19 Suspension metal fitting 2 Wall material, 21 1st Wall material, 22 second wall material, 23 joint portion, 24 joint surface, 25 insert hole, 26 joint plate, 27 upper end adjustment portion, 28 lower end adjustment portion, 29 spacer,
3 connecting member, 31 upper chord member, 32 lower chord member, 33 diagonal member, 331 34 bolt penetration hole, 35 coupling bolt, 36 insert, 37 L-shaped steel, 38 flat steel, 39 frame plane, 40 inter-block connecting member 4 retaining wall, 41 front of retaining wall, 42 rear surface of retaining wall, 43 retaining formwork, 44 leveling concrete, 45 foundation crushed stone, 46 ground

A block body that is constructed in a horizontal or vertical direction and is filled with a filler in a space that encloses the structure, and is opposed to the first wall member and the second wall member having opposite outer wall gradients . A wall member and a connecting member for connecting the both wall members, wherein the both wall members have a connecting portion projecting from an inner wall surface that is connected to the connecting member, and the connecting member is provided between the wall members; A block body which forms a plurality of stable frame planes having at least an upper chord member, a lower chord member and a diagonal member.

A plurality of block bodies including the above-mentioned block body, wherein the outer wall surface of the first wall member or the second wall member has the same gradient and at least one outer wall surface forms a continuous surface for the purpose of building an integral structure A plurality of block bodies to be connected to each other.

A plurality of block bodies including the block body, wherein the width between the first wall material of the lower block body and the upper side of the outer wall surface of the second wall material is the upper block between the block bodies that are in contact with each other in the vertical direction. For the purpose of continuous construction for the purpose of building an integral structure, with the width equal to or greater than the width between the lower side of the outer wall surface of the first wall member and the second wall member, and at least one outer wall surface forming a continuous surface Multiple block bodies.

Between block bodies including the above-mentioned block bodies that are arranged in a row in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction, and provided with an inter-block body connecting member for connecting the block bodies, for continuous construction for the purpose of building an integral structure Multiple block bodies.

Claims (5)

  A block body for constructing a structure by connecting in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction and filling a containing space with a filler, the first wall material and the second wall material facing each other, and the both wall materials A connecting member for connecting, the both wall members having a connecting portion projecting from an inner wall surface that is connected to the connecting member, and the connecting member includes at least an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and A block body that forms a plurality of stable frame planes having diagonal members.   The plurality of block bodies according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall surfaces of the first wall member or the second wall member have the same gradient and at least one outer wall surface forms a continuous surface for the purpose of building an integral structure. A plurality of block bodies according to claim 1 for installation.   2. The plurality of block bodies according to claim 1, wherein the width between the first wall member of the lower block body and the upper side of the outer wall surface of the second wall member is set between the block bodies that are in contact with each other in the vertical direction. Claims for connecting the first wall material and the second wall material for the purpose of building an integral structure in which the width is equal to or greater than the width between the lower sides of the outer wall surfaces and at least one of the outer wall surfaces forms a continuous surface. 1 block body.   A plurality of blocks for connecting together for the purpose of building an integral structure, comprising block block connecting members for connecting the block bodies, wherein the block bodies are connected in series in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction. The block body according to claim 1.   The block body according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, or claim 4, wherein the first wall member and the second wall member are made of concrete and the connecting member is made of steel.

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