JP2012000086A - Harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a constitution to efficiently perform separating operation in a harvester which separates a required part from crops of a piloerection condition and performs harvesting.SOLUTION: The combine harvester (harvester) includes: a separation part; a travel speed detection part; and a control part. The separation part separates a grain from a grain culm by rotating in the state contacting the grain culm of piloerection condition. The travel speed detection part detects travel speed. The control part controls rotational speed of a separation part (in detail, a separation part body) based on travel speed detected by the travel speed detection part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a harvester that harvests a necessary portion from a napped crop.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a harvesting machine including an intake unit that separates and takes in necessary parts such as fruits, leaves, and grains from a napped crop before cutting is known. Patent document 1 discloses this kind of harvester.

  The intake part included in the harvesting machine of Patent Document 1 includes a separation part for separating a necessary part, and includes a cylindrical rotating body and a plurality of teeth protruding radially from the outer surface of the rotating body. What you have is known. And grain etc. enter between the teeth of a separation part, and a grain etc. can be separated by rotating a rotating body in this state.

  Moreover, patent document 2 discloses the type of combine which reaps the root of the cereal. This combine is provided with the feed chain which conveys the harvested corn straw, and the handling drum which performs threshing of the corn straw conveyed by the feed chain. The combine is configured to synchronize the traveling speed, the feed chain speed, and the rotational speed of the handling copper.

  With this configuration, the combine disclosed in Patent Document 2 can smoothly convey the cereal to the threshing unit due to the change in the feed chain speed even if the amount of cutting per unit time changes due to the change in the traveling speed. And since the rotational speed of handling copper can be changed according to the quantity of the corn straw conveyed, the threshing and selection of a corn straw can be performed appropriately.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-97901 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-4756

  By the way, in the harvesting machine which has the said intake part like patent document 1, it does not control especially the rotational speed of a rotary body, but it is rotating at a fixed speed. In this case, the following problems may occur.

  When the speed of the rotating body is constant at a high speed, if the traveling speed of the harvester is high, appropriate separation work can be performed, but when the traveling speed of the harvester becomes slow and less crops are introduced per unit time, The drive source (for example, engine) of the separation unit is operated with an output more than necessary. Therefore, there is room for improvement from the viewpoint of energy saving. Furthermore, when the traveling speed of the harvesting machine is slow, excessive processing is performed on the crop, resulting in a large amount of sawdust and the like. Since this sawdust is taken into the harvesting machine, it leads to a reduction in sorting accuracy when sorting necessary parts and sawdust.

  On the other hand, when the speed of the rotating body is low and constant, it is possible to perform appropriate separation work when the traveling speed of the harvesting machine is slow, but the traveling speed of the harvesting machine becomes high and many crops are introduced per unit time. Thus, if the separation unit exceeds the amount that can be appropriately processed, so-called unhandled items that pass through the crop without being able to separate the necessary portion are greatly increased.

  In addition, the combine shown by patent document 2 is a type which reaps the root of a grain ridge as mentioned above, and is different from the structure of patent document 1 greatly. In addition, one of the problems to be solved by the present invention is prevention of occurrence of the unhandled item, and Patent Document 2 and the present invention are different from each other in the problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a configuration for efficiently performing a separation operation in a harvester that separates and harvests a necessary portion from a napped crop. is there.

Means and effects for solving the problems

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems and the effects thereof will be described.

  According to the viewpoint of this invention, the harvester of the following structures is provided. That is, the harvester includes a separation unit, a traveling speed detection unit, and a control unit. The said separation part isolate | separates a required part from the said crop by rotating in the state which contacted the napped crop. The travel speed detector detects a travel speed. The control unit controls the rotation speed of the separation unit based on the traveling speed detected by the traveling speed detection unit.

  Generally, when the traveling speed of the harvester increases, the amount of crops introduced into the separation unit per unit time also increases. Therefore, if the rotational speed of the separation unit is increased according to the increase in the traveling speed as in the above configuration, the processing speed of the separation unit is increased according to the increase in the work amount, so that the unhandled portion can be reduced. . On the other hand, if the rotational speed of the separation unit is decreased according to the decrease in the traveling speed, the rotational speed is decreased according to the work amount, so that it is excellent in energy saving and increases the amount of dust and the like due to excessive processing. Can be prevented.

  The harvesting machine preferably has the following configuration. That is, when the traveling speed is higher than the predetermined speed, control is performed to make the rotational speed of the separation unit follow the change in traveling speed. When the traveling speed is slower than the predetermined speed, control is performed to keep the rotational speed of the separation unit at the lower limit rotational speed.

  In other words, it is difficult to separate the necessary parts (grains, etc.) from the crop unless the rotation speed of the separation section is made higher than a certain speed. Therefore, if the rotation speed of the separation section always follows the traveling speed, Leftovers occur. In this regard, in the above configuration, since the control is performed so that the rotation speed of the separation unit has the lower limit value, the above-described unhandled state can be prevented.

  In the harvester, it is preferable that the lower limit rotation speed of the separation unit can be changed by setting the control unit.

  That is, the rotation speed of the separation unit when it is difficult to separate the necessary part from the crop varies depending on the type of the crop. In this regard, in the above-described configuration, the lower limit rotation speed can be changed, so that it is possible to flexibly cope with the harvesting of various crops.

The side view which shows the whole structure of the combine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. Side surface sectional drawing which shows the structure of an intake part. Explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of an intake part. The block diagram which shows the structure for controlling the rotational speed of a isolation | separation part main body. The graph which shows the rotational speed of the isolation | separation part main body with respect to the traveling speed of a combine.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the overall configuration of the combine according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a side view of a combine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, the terms “left side”, “right side”, and the like simply mean the left side and the right side in the direction in which the combine 1 moves forward.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the combine 1 according to the present embodiment includes a harvesting unit 12 that separates and takes in grains from napped rice, wheat, and the like and conveys them to a main body 10. Note that the harvesting unit 12 cannot completely separate only the grain from the cereal, and the separated product from the cereal contains not only the grain (single grain) but also stems, ears and the like. Yes. And in the upper part of the main body 10, a threshing device 14 for separating the grain from the cut grain etc. is provided. In addition, a Glen tank 15 is provided on the upper right side of the combine 1 so as to be juxtaposed with the threshing device 14.

  A driving unit 16 for operating the combine 1 is disposed in front of the Glen tank 15. The driving unit 16 is provided with a driving operation unit, a driving seat, and the like, and is configured to perform various operations of the combine 1 such as intake and running by operating the driving operation unit. An engine 17 as a drive source for the combine 1 is disposed below the operation unit 16.

  The crawler part 11 shown in FIG. 1 is arrange | positioned at the both right and left sides of the combine 1, and it is comprised so that the combine 1 may be drive | worked when this crawler part 11 drives. The left and right crawler portions 11 are controlled by a traveling mission device (not shown), so that the traveling direction and speed of the combine 1 can be adjusted.

  The harvesting unit 12 rotatably attached to the front of the main body 10 conveys to the main body 10 an intake portion 30 that separates and takes in the grains from the napped cereal, and the grains taken in by the intake portion 30. A transport unit 20. The harvesting section 12 is connected to a harvesting section lifting / lowering cylinder 18, and the harvesting section 12 rotates about the harvesting section support shaft 51 as the harvesting section lifting / lowering cylinder 18 expands and contracts. As a result, the height of the intake portion 30 can be changed (see the chain line in FIG. 1).

  Moreover, the conveyance part 20 is provided with the screw conveyor 21 arrange | positioned with an axis line facing the left-right direction of the combine 1, and the chain conveyor 22 arrange | positioned ahead of the threshing apparatus 14. FIG. The screw conveyor 21 conveys the grains and the like taken in by the intake section 30 from the right side to the left side of the combine 1 (from the back side to the front side in FIG. 1) and sends them to the chain conveyor 22. Then, the grain and the like are conveyed to the threshing device 14 by the chain conveyor 22.

  And the chopped grain etc. conveyed are threshed by the threshing device 14. Further, the threshing device 14 includes a sorting device (not shown), and the grain is sorted by this sorting device. The grain selected here is stored in the Glen tank 15. On the other hand, the sorted stems and the like are discharged out of the machine from the sorting device. The grain stored in the Glen tank 15 can be discharged out of the combine 1 through the discharge auger 19.

  Next, the detailed structure of the intake part 30 is demonstrated with reference to FIG.2 and FIG.3. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the intake portion 30. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the intake unit 30.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the intake unit 30 includes a separation unit 31, a guide unit 32, and an angle sensor 33 as main components.

  The separation unit 31 includes a separation unit main body 311 that can be rotated in the direction shown in FIG. 2 by transmitting a driving force from the engine 17, and a plurality of separation teeth 312 disposed outside the separation unit main body 311, Is provided.

  The separating portion main body 311 is disposed with the rotation axis directed in the left-right direction of the combine 1, and the separating teeth 312 can be rotated by rotating the separating portion main body 311 around the rotating shaft. The separation teeth 312 are attached to the surface of the separation portion main body 311 via an attachment portion (not shown) (for example, a plate-like member formed integrally with the separation teeth 312). Each separation tooth 312 is, for example, a triangular or rectangular plate-like member, and a plurality of separation teeth 312 are arranged radially at equal intervals on the outside of the separation portion main body 311 as shown in FIG. In addition, a plurality of them are arranged side by side in the left-right direction of the combine 1 (the rotation axis direction of the separating portion main body 311).

  With this configuration, the cereal enters the gap between the separation teeth 312 and the separation unit main body 311 rotates in this state, whereby the cereal can be separated from the cereal (see FIG. 3).

  In addition, by increasing the rotation speed of the separation unit main body 311, it is possible to increase the number of cereals that the separation unit 31 can appropriately process per unit time. In the present embodiment, control for changing the rotational speed of the separation unit main body 311 is performed in accordance with the situation such as the traveling speed. Details of this control will be described later.

  The guide portion 32 includes a front guide portion 321 disposed at the foremost portion of the intake portion 30 and a rear guide portion 322 disposed so as to slightly overlap the rear portion of the front guide portion 321.

  The front part of the front guide part 321 slightly protrudes, and the lower surface of the front part is in contact with the culm during harvesting and presses down the cereal (see FIG. 3). Then, the pressed rice cake that has been bent down comes into contact with the separation teeth 312 from the stem portion. Then, the separation unit 31 separates the grain and the like from the cereal meal. Thus, the front guide part 321 functions as a guide part that guides the cereals to the separation part 31 in an appropriate posture.

  The separated grains and the like are blown off by the force and wind pressure received from the separation teeth 312 when separated, and move along the lower surfaces of the front guide part 321 and the rear guide part 322. And if it reaches the screw conveyor 21, it will be conveyed by the main body 10 side as mentioned above, and will be introduce | transduced into the threshing apparatus 14. FIG. As described above, the front guide part 321 and the rear guide part 322 also have a function of appropriately guiding the grains and the like to the screw conveyor 21.

  As described above, the rear portion of the front guide portion 321 and the front portion of the rear guide portion 322 partially overlap in plan view. Further, the front guide portion 321 is configured to be rotatable about a rotation shaft 323 shown in FIG. And the intake part 30 is provided with the guide part raising / lowering cylinder not shown in figure, and it is comprised so that the front guide part 321 may rotate according to the expansion / contraction of this guide part raising / lowering cylinder.

  When the front guide part 321 rotates, the height of the front guide part 321 changes, so that the posture of the cereals introduced into the separation part 31 changes. In the present embodiment, in order to introduce the culm into the separation unit 31 in an appropriate posture, the height of the culm (the position of the upper end of the culm) is detected using the angle sensor 33, and this detection result The front guide part 321 is rotated based on the above. In addition, the angle sensor 33 is a structure which detects the position of the said upper end part of the said rice straw based on the force received in contact with the upper end part of the rice straw.

  Next, with reference to FIG.4 and FIG.5, the control performed in order to change the rotational speed of this isolation | separation part 31 (specifically isolation | separation part main body 311) according to conditions, such as a running speed, is demonstrated. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration for controlling the rotation speed of the separation unit main body 311. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the rotational speed of the separation unit main body 311 with respect to the traveling speed of the combine 1.

  First, a configuration for performing this control will be described. As this configuration, as shown in FIG. 4, an input unit 42, a traveling speed detection unit 41, a control unit 40, a separation unit transmission 315, and a separation unit main body 311 are used as main components.

  The traveling speed detector 41 is a device for detecting the traveling speed of the combine 1. As the traveling speed detection unit 41, for example, a rotational speed detection sensor provided on the output shaft of the traveling mission device and a calculation unit that calculates a traveling speed based on the detection content of the rotational speed sensor are provided. A configuration can be mentioned. Then, the traveling speed detection unit 41 outputs the calculated traveling speed to the control unit 40. Note that the traveling speed detection unit 41 may be configured not to have a calculation unit, and the control unit 40 may be configured to calculate the traveling speed from the detection content of the rotation speed detection sensor.

  The input unit 42 is used by the user to make settings related to this control. Specific examples of the input unit 42 include a dial and input keys provided in the driving unit 16 and the like. The contents set here are output to the control unit 40.

  The control unit 40 obtains the rotation speed to be set in the separation unit main body 311 based on the traveling speed input from the traveling speed detection unit 41 and the setting content input from the input unit 42. And the control part 40 is performing the calculation of the setting value (for example, gear ratio) of the isolation | separation part transmission 315, and the output of the said setting value so that the isolation | separation part main body 311 may rotate with the calculated | required rotational speed.

  A driving force (rotational force) from the engine 17 is input to the separation unit transmission 315. This driving force is output to the separation unit main body 311 after the rotational speed is adjusted based on the set value of the separation unit transmission 315. The separation unit main body 311 is configured to perform a rotational motion by this driving force.

  With the above configuration, the rotation speed of the separation unit main body 311 can be controlled based on the user setting and the traveling speed of the combine 1.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the number of cereals introduced into the separation unit 31 per unit time is proportional to the traveling speed of the combine 1. Therefore, as explained in the section of the prior art, when the separation unit main body 311 is constant at a high speed, the generation amount of sawdust increases when the traveling speed is low. Further, when the separation unit main body 311 is constant at a low speed, unhandled items increase when the traveling speed is high. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the separation unit main body 311 is changed according to the traveling speed of the combine 1.

  However, when the separation part main body 311 becomes below a predetermined rotation speed (lower limit rotation speed), it becomes almost impossible to separate the grain from the cereal regardless of the traveling speed. It is known that this lower limit rotational speed depends on the shape of the separating teeth 312 and the variety of cereals. Therefore, in this embodiment, control is performed by setting a lower limit value for the rotation speed of the separation unit main body 311. Hereinafter, a specific control flow will be described.

  The user operates the input unit 42 to input information related to the variety of cereal before performing the cereal harvesting operation. In addition, if the content input here is information required in order to determine a minimum rotational speed, it will not be restricted to the information regarding the grain variety. For example, information such as planting density can be input.

  And the control part 40 determines and memorize | stores the correspondence of traveling speed and the rotational speed set to the isolation | separation part main body 311 according to the said traveling speed in consideration of the grain variety etc. At this time, the control unit 40 is configured to calculate the lower limit rotational speed and store a correspondence relationship in consideration of the lower limit rotational speed. An example of this correspondence is shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when the traveling speed is higher than the predetermined speed, the control unit 40 increases the rotational speed set in the separation unit main body 311 as the traveling speed increases. In addition, when the traveling speed is in a low speed range that is slower than the predetermined speed, the control unit 40 performs control to keep the rotational speed of the separation unit main body 311 at the lower limit rotational speed regardless of the traveling speed.

  Note that the lower limit rotational speed may be directly set instead of the user inputting the cereal variety or the like.

  When harvesting, the control unit 40 reads (or calculates) the rotational speed associated with the travel speed input from the travel speed detection unit 41, and uses the rotational speed to separate the separation unit main body 311. Is output to the separating transmission 315 so as to rotate.

  By performing this control every predetermined time, the separation unit body 311 of the separation unit 31 can be moved at a necessary and sufficient rotational speed (without using wasted power) according to the type of cereal introduced into the separation unit 31. It can be operated.

  As described above, the combine 1 according to this embodiment includes the separation unit 31, the traveling speed detection unit 41, and the control unit 40. The separation unit 31 separates the grain from the cereal by rotating in contact with the napped cereal. The traveling speed detector 41 detects the traveling speed. The control unit 40 controls the rotation speed of the separation unit 31 (specifically, the separation unit main body 311) based on the traveling speed detected by the traveling speed detection unit 41.

  Thereby, the increase of the sawdust etc. by performing a process excessively can also be prevented, reducing the unhandled part of the isolation | separation part 31. FIG.

  Further, in the combine 1 of the present embodiment, when the traveling speed is faster than the predetermined speed, control is performed to make the rotational speed of the separation unit 31 follow the change in traveling speed. When the traveling speed is slower than the predetermined speed, control is performed to keep the rotational speed of the separation unit 31 at the lower limit rotational speed.

  Thereby, it can prevent that the unhandled residue generate | occur | produces at the time of low speed driving | running | working of the combine 1. FIG.

  Moreover, in the combine 1 of this embodiment, the lower limit rotational speed of the separation unit 31 can be changed by setting the control unit 40.

  Thereby, since a minimum rotation speed can be changed, it can respond flexibly to the harvest of various crops.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the above configuration can be modified as follows, for example.

  The correspondence relationship between the traveling speed and the rotational speed set in the separation unit main body 311 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 5, and various correspondence relationships can be used. For example, a configuration in which an upper limit rotational speed is set in order to prevent a shortening of the life of the separation unit 31 or a configuration in which a change in rotational speed in a high speed region is curved may be employed.

  In the above embodiment, the user sets the type and planting density of the cereal but the combine 1 includes an appropriate sensor, detects the type of cereal by this sensor, and outputs it to the control unit 40. Thus, the setting for changing the lower limit rotation speed of the separation unit 31 may be automatically performed.

  The structure of the combine 1 of this embodiment can be applied not only to rice and wheat, but also to a harvester that harvests leaves, flowers, fruits and the like.

1 Combine (harvesting machine)
31 Separating section 311 Separating section main body 315 Separating section transmission device 40 Control section 41 Traveling speed detecting section 42 Input section

Claims (3)

A separation unit that separates a necessary part from the crop by rotating in contact with the napped crop;
A travel speed detector for detecting the travel speed;
Based on the traveling speed detected by the traveling speed detection unit, a control unit that controls the rotational speed of the separation unit;
Harvester characterized by comprising. The harvester according to claim 1,
The controller is
When the traveling speed is faster than a predetermined speed, control is performed to follow the rotational speed of the separation unit to the change in traveling speed,
When the traveling speed is slower than the predetermined speed, control is performed to keep the rotational speed of the separation unit at the lower limit rotational speed. The harvesting machine according to claim 2,
The harvesting machine, wherein the lower limit rotation speed of the separation unit can be changed by setting with respect to the control unit.

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