JP2011250516A - Brush device and motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brush device and a motor using a lamination brush in which brush vibration is reduced furthermore by preventing brush vibration (violent action) caused by a black bar at a level difference of a commutator from spreading.SOLUTION: A brush device S comprises a lamination brush 10 where a low resistance part layer 14 and a high resistance part layer 12 are laminated. Assuming that a reference line X represents a sliding direction, the lamination brush 10 is laminated in a direction intersecting the reference line X. The high resistance part layers 12 are arranged on the opposite sides of the lamination brush 10, the low resistance part layer 14 is sandwiched by the high resistance part layers 12, and the lamination brush 10 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to a sliding surface of the brush and a commutator 50.

Description

  The present invention relates to a brush device and a motor, and more particularly to a brush device and a motor with reduced brush vibration.

  Conventionally, when a brush is brought into contact with the commutator in a bad situation at a high temperature, when the segment 112 of the commutator 110 and the brush 121 of the brush device are separated from each other, a spark is generated from an abrupt voltage change. As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a cutting portion that damages the surface of the segment 112, a so-called black bar Z, is formed on the opposite side of the rotation direction of the segment 112 of the commutator 110. FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 show the formation of the black bar Z as a schematic diagram so as to be emphasized.

When the black bar Z is formed, a step Y is formed at the boundary between the portion where the black bar Z exists and the portion where the black bar Z does not exist in the circumferential direction. In such a state, when the brush 121 comes into contact with the step Y, vibration of the brush 121 is generated and further brush damage occurs, so that the life of the brush 121 is shortened.

  In order to reduce brush vibration and maintain mechanical strength, including such a black bar Z, a laminated brush in which high resistance and low resistance materials are superposed is known (for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 4). 3, 4, 5, 6).

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-180857 (page 5, line 14 to line 16, FIG. 1) JP-A-4-46546 (Page 2 lower right column to page 3 lower left column, Fig. 1) JP-A-5-15114 (paragraph 0004, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2004-242383 (FIG. 1) JP 2005-519444 (paragraphs 0019-0021, FIG. 1) JP 2006-345593 (paragraph 0006, FIG. 1)

If a laminated brush as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 6 is used, it can be expected to improve the life of the brush. In particular, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a brush 121 in which a high resistance portion layer 121b is sandwiched between low resistance portion layers 121a and 121a on both sides, and the position of the black bar Z is a part of the contact portion. This has the advantage that the vibration is reduced. 24, reference numeral 130 denotes a rotor, reference numeral 131 denotes an armature core, reference numeral 132 denotes a winding, reference numeral 133 denotes a rotor shaft, reference numeral 120 denotes a brush device, reference numeral 125 denotes a brush box, and reference numeral 123 denotes a brush. 121 is a coil spring for urging 121.

Patent Documents 2 to 6 are techniques for laminating a low resistance brush and a high resistance brush in a sliding direction for the purpose of simultaneously reducing wear and resistance loss.

  However, although the technique shown in Patent Document 1 has the advantage that the position of the black bar Z becomes a part of the contact portion and vibration is reduced, the high resistance portion layer 121b is sandwiched between the low resistance portion layers 121a (sandwich structure). ), The low resistance part layer 121a on both sides is worn first, and the brush 121 is worn in an unstable shape in which the central part which is the high resistance part layer 121b is raised as shown in FIG. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that brush vibration cannot be reduced.

Further, in the techniques of Patent Documents 2 to 6, when an arc is generated under bad conditions such as high temperature, the step of the commutator due to the black bar occurs in the entire axial direction of the brush sliding portion, so that the brush is rectified. It does not solve the problem that brush vibration (ramp) is expanded by falling on the step of the child and abnormal wear occurs.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a brush device and a motor using a laminated brush that prevents the brush vibration (rambling) from expanding at the step of the commutator due to the black bar and further reduces the brush vibration.

  According to the brush device of the present invention, the subject is a brush device including a laminated brush in which a low resistance portion layer and a high resistance portion layer are laminated, and the laminated brush has a sliding direction as a reference line. In this case, the laminated brush is laminated in a direction intersecting with a reference line, the layers on both sides of the laminated brush are used as a high-resistance part layer, and a portion sandwiched between the high-resistance part layers is used as a low-resistance part layer. Is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surfaces of the brush and the commutator.

  Thus, in the present invention, the laminated brush is laminated in a direction intersecting with the reference line when the sliding direction is the reference line, and the layers on both sides of the laminated brush are the high resistance portion layers, The portion sandwiched between the high resistance portion layers is a low resistance portion layer, and the laminated brush is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface of the brush and the commutator. Even if a step occurs in the commutator rotation direction of the commutator, since the high resistance layer is on both sides, no black bar is generated in this high resistance layer, so this high resistance layer serves as a guide. Normal sliding can be ensured.

  At this time, it is preferable that the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush are laminated in parallel with the reference line. If comprised in this way, generation | occurrence | production of the level | step difference of the commutator by a black bar can be limited to the center part of a sliding surface. This prevents the brush from dropping on the step of the commutator and coming into contact with the end of the commutator to prevent the brush vibration (rambling) from expanding, thereby preventing abnormal brush wear and extending the life of the brush. Is possible.

In addition, the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush can be configured such that their end portions are laminated with different widths with respect to the reference line. Furthermore, the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush may be laminated with different cross-sectional shapes so that the surfaces that slide with the commutator are different. If comprised as mentioned above, while ensuring a commutator and a sliding area, a brush can be hard to fall to the level | step difference of a commutator.
The high resistance portion layer may be configured as an insulating layer. When the high resistance portion layer is an insulating layer, the occurrence of sparks due to voltage change is eliminated between the sliding surface and the high resistance portion layer, so that contact stability can be further ensured.

According to the motor of the present invention, the problem is solved by including the brush device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
If comprised in this way, since the vibration of a brush apparatus can be reduced, it becomes possible to set it as a quiet motor.

According to the brush device and the motor of the present invention, the step of the commutator due to the black bar can be generated at the center of the sliding surface, and the brush falls on the step of the commutator and comes into contact with the end of the commutator. Since it is possible to prevent the vibration (rambling) from expanding, the brush does not wear out abnormally and the life of the brush can be extended.
Also, even if the commutator segment or brush is scraped due to spark damage in the low-resistance part layer, the high-resistance part layer exists on both sides, so the contact stability increases and brush vibration is the main factor. It is possible to reduce the brush noise and reduce the noise.

It is a schematic description which shows the sliding state of the laminated brush which concerns on the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the commutator of a cylindrical structure. It is a schematic explanatory drawing seen from the arrow A direction of FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of FIG. 1. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is the graph which contrasted the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the conventional brush apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the motor using the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic description which shows the sliding state of the laminated brush which concerns on the brush apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the commutator of a planar structure. It is a schematic explanatory drawing seen from the arrow A direction of FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of FIG. 9. It is explanatory drawing of the lamination | stacking brush which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the laminated brush which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the lamination | stacking brush which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the lamination | stacking brush which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the laminated brush which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the lamination | stacking brush which concerns on this invention. It is a description perspective view of the state where the pigtail was connected. It is a side view from the B direction of FIG. It is an explanatory perspective view of the state where the pigtail which shows other examples was connected. It is a side view from the B direction of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the generation | occurrence | production state of the commutator level | step difference by a black bar. It is explanatory drawing of a black bar. It is a schematic diagram which shows the conventional brush apparatus.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the configurations, procedures, and the like described below do not limit the present invention, and various modifications can be made according to the spirit of the present invention.

FIGS. 1 to 21 relate to the present invention, FIGS. 1 to 7 show a first embodiment, and FIG. 1 schematically shows a sliding state between a laminated brush and a cylindrical commutator according to the brush device. FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 1, FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory views of the action of the brush device, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the brush device. FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the brush device and the conventional brush device. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a motor using the brush device.
9 to 11 show a second embodiment, FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration showing a sliding state of a laminated brush and a planar commutator, and FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of FIG. 12 to 17 are explanatory views of the laminated brush, FIG. 18 is an explanatory perspective view of the state where the pigtail is connected, FIG. 19 is a side view from the direction B of FIG. 18, and FIG. 20 is a pigtail showing another example. FIG. 21 is an explanatory perspective view of the connected state, and FIG. 21 is a side view from the direction B of FIG.

The brush device S according to the present invention includes a laminated brush in which a low resistance portion and a high resistance portion are laminated, and an embodiment thereof will be described below.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 6, the brush device S of the present embodiment slides with a commutator 50 having a cylindrical structure, and includes a laminated brush 10, a brush box 20, an urging spring 30, and the like. Pigtail 40 is a main component. Among these, the brush box 20, the urging spring 30, and the pigtail 40 can be formed using a known material or the like.

  The laminated brush 10 of this embodiment includes a high resistance portion layer 12 that is a low Cu content portion (low metal content portion) having a different Cu content with respect to graphite, and a low resistance portion that is a high Cu content portion (high metal content portion). Layer 14. Note that the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 are not limited to Cu, but synthetic resins such as phenol resins and epoxy resins, carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers, graphite, zinc, manganese, nickel, It can be produced by appropriately using a molybdenum compound (for example, molybdenum disulfide).

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the laminated brush 10 is laminated in a direction intersecting the reference line X when the sliding direction is the reference line X (in a direction intersecting the circumferential direction of the commutator 50. Lamination). That is, in the case of the cylindrical commutator 50 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the commutator 50 is stacked in the width direction as shown in FIG. A layer on both sides of the laminated brush 10 is a high resistance portion layer 12, and a portion sandwiched between the layers of the high resistance portion 12 is a low resistance portion layer 14. The laminated brush 10 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface with the commutator 50. Reference numeral 52 denotes a segment constituting the commutator 50.

The operation of the laminated brush 10 of the brush device S having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 4, in the case of initial wear, since no black bar is generated, there is no step in the segment 52 of the commutator 50, so that the laminated brush 10 and the commutator 50 normally slide. Can move. When abnormal wear occurs under bad conditions at high temperatures, the step Y of the commutator 50 due to the black bar Z occurs as in the conventional case, but the occurrence location is as shown in FIGS. The portion corresponding to the low resistance portion layer 14 located at the center of the segment 52 of the laminated brush 10, and the both sides of the laminated brush 10 are the high resistance layers 12, and therefore corresponds to the high resistance layer 12. Since the black bar Z does not occur in the portion, the step Y does not occur, and it is possible to maintain normal sliding. Thus, in the low resistance portion layer 14, spark discharge is reduced, and brush damage can be reduced. As a result, abnormal wear of the brush is less likely to occur, and the life of the brush can be extended.
In FIG. 6, reference numeral 70 denotes an armature, reference numeral 71 denotes an armature core, reference numeral 72 denotes a winding, and reference numeral 73 denotes a shaft axis of the armature 70. In the present invention, the high resistance portion layer 12 may be an insulating layer.

  FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the brush device S using the laminated brush 10 according to the present invention with a conventional brush device, in which the vertical axis represents the brush wear length [unit: mm] and the horizontal axis represents time [unit: As the time (h)], brush durability was performed for the brush life. In a brush durability test under bad conditions such as at high temperatures, abnormal wear having a bending point as shown in the graph of FIG. 7 may occur.

  As can be seen from FIG. 7, after 2000 hours when the brush wear length exceeds 4 mm (hereinafter referred to as “bending point”), abnormal wear occurs with the passage of time, and in the prior art, about 3500 hours. The brush wear length reaches 12 mm. On the other hand, according to the brush apparatus S using the laminated brush 10 according to the present invention, the brush wear length is about 9 mm even after 5000 hours, and the brush life is much longer.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a motor M provided with the brush device S having the above-described configuration, and the motor M can use a known configuration except for the brush device S. For example, the motor M includes an armature 70 in which an armature armature core 71 and a commutator 50 around which a winding 72 is wound are fixed to a shaft shaft 73 whose one end is an output shaft of the motor M; A magnet 76 disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the armature core 71, a yoke housing 77 that accommodates the armature 70 and the magnet 76 therein, bearings 78 and 78 that rotatably support the shaft 73, and rectification The brush device S including the laminated brush 10 that is in sliding contact with the child 50, the end plate 79 that closes the opening on the side of the commutator 50 of the yoke housing 77, and the like are constituent elements.

  9 to 11 show a second embodiment, which is an example used for a commutator 60 having a planar structure. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, the commutator 60 has a planar structure, and the segment 62 rotates around the shaft shaft 73, and the arrangement of the laminated brush 10 of the brush device S is changed accordingly. There are other configurations similar to those of the first embodiment.

FIGS. 12 to 17 show examples of brush lamination shapes. FIGS. 12, 14 and 16 have a cylindrical structure as the structure of the commutator 50, and FIGS. Is a planar structure.
In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 are laminated in parallel so that the laminated brush 10 can slide parallel to the reference line X. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 have the same cross-sectional shape, and are configured so that the surfaces in sliding contact with the commutators 50 and 60 are the same. Thereby, stable sliding contact can be ensured.

  14 and 15 show an example in which the laminated brush 10 is laminated with different widths on the end sides of the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 with respect to the reference line X. . That is, as shown by d1 and d2 in FIG. 14, the cross-sectional shape is inclined toward the end side so that the widths are different. In the example of FIGS. 14 and 15, the high resistance layer 12 is configured to have the same cross-sectional shape. By comprising in this way, since it can comprise so that the edge part side (side which cross | intersects a sliding direction) of the sliding surface of the commutators 50 and 60 and the lamination | stacking brush 10 may contact with a width | variety, It becomes possible to make it difficult to generate a black bar.

  16 and 17 are examples in which the laminated brush 10 is configured such that the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 have different shapes with respect to the reference line X. In the present embodiment, the boundary surface where the high resistance portion layer 12 and the low resistance portion layer 14 are stacked has an arc shape. Thus, since the contact surface of the high resistance part layer 12 of the laminated brush 10 and the commutator 50 of the low resistance part layer 14 is formed differently, the contact surface of the low resistance part layer 14 with the commutator 50 is different. Is not constant, it is possible to make it difficult to generate black bars.

  18 and 19 show an example in which the pigtail 40 is connected to the laminated brush 10. In this example, the pigtail 40 is connected to the low resistance portion layer 14 located in the center. As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, since the pigtail 40 is not electrically connected to the high resistance layer 12 on both sides, it is difficult for current to be supplied from the high resistance layer 12 on both sides. It is possible to reduce the possibility of black bars.

  20 and 21 show another example in which the pigtail 40 is connected to the laminated brush 10. In this example, the pigtail 40 is connected to all of the low-resistance portion layer 14 and the high-resistance portion layer 12. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, since the pigtail 40 is electrically connected to all the layers including the high resistance layer 12 on both sides, even if the damage of the central low resistance layer 14 becomes severe, Power can be reliably supplied to the commutator 50.

  When the high resistance portion layer 12 is an insulating layer, the portion connecting the pigtail 40, for example, the line C shown in FIG. 21 (the line C is an arbitrary position) can be a conductor on the pigtail 40 side.

The present invention includes the following aspects. That is,
(1) A brush device comprising a laminated brush in which a low resistance part layer and a high resistance part layer are laminated, wherein the laminated brush intersects the reference line when the sliding direction is taken as a reference line. And a layer between both sides of the laminated brush as a high resistance portion layer, a portion sandwiched between the high resistance portion layers as a low resistance portion layer, and the laminated brush is a sliding surface of the brush and the commutator. And a pigtail connected only to the low resistance layer.
With this configuration, as described above, since the pigtails are not electrically connected to the high resistance layer on both sides, it is difficult for current to be supplied from the high resistance layer on both sides, and black bars are formed in the high resistance layer. It is possible to reduce the possibility of occurrence.
(2) A brush device including a laminated brush in which a low resistance part layer and a high resistance part layer are laminated, wherein the laminated brush intersects with a reference line when the sliding direction is taken as a reference line. And a layer between both sides of the laminated brush as a high resistance portion layer, a portion sandwiched between the high resistance portion layers as a low resistance portion layer, and the laminated brush is a sliding surface of the brush and the commutator. And a pigtail connected to all of the high resistance layer on both sides and the low resistance layer sandwiched therebetween.
With this configuration, as described above, the pigtail is electrically connected to all layers including the high-resistance layer on both sides, so even if the low-resistance layer in the center is severely damaged, rectification is ensured. Power can be supplied to the child.

10 laminated brushes, 12 high resistance layer, 14 low resistance layer, 20 brush box,
30 biasing springs, 40 pigtails, 50, 60 commutators, 52 segments,
70 armature, 71 armature core, 72 windings, 73 shaft axis,
77 Yoke housing, 79 End plate, 78 Bearing, M motor,
S brush device, X reference line, Y step, Z black bar

Claims (6)

  A brush device comprising a laminated brush in which a low resistance part layer and a high resistance part layer are laminated, wherein the laminated brush is laminated in a direction intersecting the reference line when the sliding direction is taken as a reference line. In addition, the layers on both sides of the laminated brush are high resistance portion layers, the portion sandwiched between the high resistance portion layers is a low resistance portion layer, and the laminated brush is in contact with the sliding surfaces of the brush and the commutator. A brush device arranged in a vertical direction.   The brush device according to claim 1, wherein the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush are laminated in parallel to the reference line.   2. The brush device according to claim 1, wherein the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush are laminated with different widths on the end sides with respect to the reference line.   2. The brush device according to claim 1, wherein the high resistance portion layer and the low resistance portion layer of the laminated brush are laminated with different cross-sectional shapes so that surfaces that slide with the commutator are different.   The brush device according to claim 1, wherein the high resistance portion layer is an insulating layer.   A motor comprising the brush device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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