JP2011245478A - Seawater desalination apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seawater desalination apparatus including a means for efficiently generating steam from seawater.SOLUTION: The seawater desalination apparatus includes: a residual heat seawater return chamber 6 generating steam by heating the stored seawater S1 by a heat medium; and a cooling chamber cooling the steam generated in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 in the cooling chamber 7 to generate freshwater. Residual heat seawater downflow chambers 29a, 29b are provided above the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 via a space part K. The residual heat seawater downflow chambers store residual heat seawater S2 heated by a seawater residual heat apparatus 3 and include a plurality of water-permeable members 31 in a grid shape suspended to the seawater S1 of the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 via the space part K for causing the stored residual heat seawater S2 to flow down into the residual heat seawater return chamber 6. When the residual heat seawater S2 flows down in the space part K from the residual heat seawater downflow chambers 29a, 29b along surface parts of the water-permeable members 31, a large amount of steam is generated from the surface parts of the water-permeable members 31.

Description

  The present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus that generates fresh water by cooling water vapor generated by heating seawater, and in particular, means for efficiently generating water vapor from seawater using natural energy called solar energy. The present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus provided.

  Conventionally, as a seawater desalination apparatus, various large-scale apparatuses mainly employing a multi-stage flash method or a reverse osmosis membrane method have been developed, proposed, and put into practical use. In addition, along with the recent advancement and spread of technology related to photovoltaic power generation panels (solar cell panels), seawater desalination equipment that uses power generated by photovoltaic power generation panels, or seawater using solar thermal energy. A number of technologies relating to seawater desalination apparatuses equipped with means for evaporating water vapor have been proposed.

  The seawater desalination apparatus using the multi-stage flash method described above is an apparatus that generates fresh water (fresh water) by heating seawater to generate water vapor and cooling the water vapor. The multistage flash-type seawater desalination device that has been put to practical use has a device configuration that combines many decompression chambers in order to generate water evaporation from seawater efficiently, so the device is large and expensive. At the same time, there is a drawback that a large amount of energy such as electric power is required to operate.

  A seawater desalination apparatus using a reverse osmosis membrane system is an apparatus that obtains fresh water by applying pressure to seawater and passing it through a reverse osmosis membrane. This reverse osmosis membrane type seawater desalination system is more energy efficient than the multistage flash method, but foreign matter containing fine microorganisms and bacteria contained in seawater clogs the reverse osmosis membrane. In order to periodically remove the clogging of the reverse osmosis membrane, the reverse osmosis membrane needs to be regenerated. For this reason, there exists a fault that the maintenance management cost for maintaining the stable operation | movement of an apparatus becomes large.

  Since the seawater desalination apparatus using solar energy uses natural energy, the daily energy cost for operating the apparatus can be reduced. For this reason, about the seawater desalination apparatus using solar energy, the apparatus provided with the various concept conventionally has been proposed. For example, inventions described in the following patent documents have been proposed.

  Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 3698730) has a solar heat collector that heats a heat medium made of water by solar energy, and a heat transfer tube immersed in raw water in the evaporator, and the heat medium and the evaporator It has a heat exchanger that generates water vapor in the evaporator by performing heat exchange with the raw water in the inside, and a heat transfer tube immersed in the raw water (seawater) in the raw water tank. The condenser that receives and cools the raw water in the raw water tank and cools it to obtain distilled water, the distilled water tank that stores the distilled water, and exhausts the inside of the evaporator to promote the generation of water vapor in the evaporator Thus, a vacuum means for reducing the pressure and a desalination apparatus in which these devices are driven by electric power supplied from a photovoltaic power generation facility have been proposed.

  In Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-181516), a compressor is operated using electric power generated by a solar cell, and thermal energy and cold energy are generated through a refrigeration cycle. Then, the thermal energy is sent to a heating means provided in the heating tank, and the seawater stored in the heating tank is heated to generate water vapor. Water vapor generated in the heating tank is guided into the cooling tank. There has been proposed a fresh water generating apparatus provided with means for generating water droplets by cooling the steam introduced into the cooling tank by sending the cold energy generated in the refrigeration cycle to the cooling tank.

  Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-212881) includes an evaporation unit that stores seawater and generates wet gas containing water vapor by sunlight, and a cooling unit that cools the wet gas and generates condensed water. A water storage tank for storing condensate, a gas heating unit for heating the gas from which the condensate is separated by sunlight, and a cooling seawater used for cooling the wet gas by the cooling unit by sunlight. There has been proposed a desalination apparatus provided with a seawater heating unit to be fed to an evaporation unit.

Japanese Patent No. 3698730 JP 2006-181516 A JP 2008-212881 A

  In the invention described in Patent Document 1, it is described that a heat medium made of water is heated by collecting solar energy, and steam is generated from the raw water (seawater) in the evaporator by the heated heat medium. However, it is considered impossible to generate a sufficient amount of water vapor from seawater only by collecting solar energy.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 2, a compressor is operated using electric power generated by a solar cell, and thermal energy and cold energy are generated through a refrigeration cycle, and seawater is generated using the thermal energy. Although it has been proposed to generate water vapor by heating, it is considered impossible to obtain high temperature thermal energy for efficiently generating water vapor from seawater only by a refrigeration cycle by a compressor. Further, Patent Document 2 does not disclose a means for heating seawater by efficiently using thermal energy and generating a large amount of water vapor from seawater.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 3, an evaporation unit that heats stored seawater with sunlight to generate a wet gas containing water vapor is shown. It is considered that the generation of water vapor is insufficient, and further, a means for generating a large amount of water vapor from seawater is considered necessary.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to mainly use solar energy to preheat seawater, to thermally and efficiently generate a large amount of water vapor from the preheated seawater, and to cool the large amount of water vapor generated. Is to provide a seawater desalination apparatus that can efficiently obtain fresh water from seawater by utilizing means for obtaining fresh water, that is, natural energy that is sunlight as much as possible. In addition, utilization of the above-mentioned solar energy means obtaining electric energy directly from sunlight using the photovoltaic action of a semiconductor, and obtaining a heat source using thermal energy possessed by sunlight. Show.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a seawater desalination apparatus according to the invention described in claim 1 is a seawater desalination apparatus including a seawater preheater that obtains preheated seawater by using solar energy.
In order to store the remaining heat seawater and to cause the stored remaining heat seawater to flow downward through the space portion, a plurality of water permeable members each having at least a surface portion made of a water permeable member are arranged in the vertical direction. A residual heat seawater flow chamber equipped with a water permeable member;
A preheated seawater return chamber for storing the preheated seawater flowing down from the water permeable member;
A hot air generating and supplying device for supplying hot air to the space;
In the space portion, collecting water vapor generated from the preheated seawater flowing down through the surface portion of the water permeable member, cooling the collected water vapor to generate fresh water; and
It is characterized by having.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the remaining heat seawater flow chamber locks an upper end portion of the water permeable member, and stores the remaining heated seawater. A seawater guide member for guiding the water permeable member is provided.

  The invention according to claim 3 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water permeable member is stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber from the residual heat seawater flow chamber. It is characterized by being suspended in a grid pattern to the remaining hot water.

  The invention according to claim 4 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water permeable member is stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber from the residual heat seawater flow chamber. It is suspended and arranged in a grid pattern to the remaining heat seawater, and the thickness of the water-permeable member is smaller in the central part of the space part than in the outer part of the space part. It is characterized by.

  The invention according to claim 5 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-permeable member is one of cotton yarn, silk yarn, hemp yarn, or two of these. It is characterized by comprising a braided or rope-like member composed of the above yarns.

  The invention according to claim 6 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-permeable member is hollow and is formed of a composite material containing carbon fibers. It is comprised from the member and the fiber member which has the water permeability fitted by the outer peripheral surface of the said hollow linear member, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The invention according to claim 7 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-permeable member is hollow and made of a composite material containing carbon fibers. It is comprised from the member and the string member which has the water permeability wound from the upper end part of the outer peripheral surface of the said hollow linear member toward the lower end part.

  The invention according to claim 8 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the remaining heat seawater return chamber includes heating means for heating the stored remaining heat seawater to generate water vapor. It is characterized by having.

  In addition, the invention according to claim 9 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 8, and the remaining heat that returns the remaining heat seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber to the remaining heat seawater flow chamber. It is characterized by having seawater return means.

  The invention described in claim 10 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot air generating and supplying apparatus supplies hot air obtained by heating air using solar energy to the space portion. It is a device to supply.

  The invention according to claim 11 relates to the seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the heating means is circulated and supplied from a heat medium heating device that heats the heat medium using solar energy. The heated heat medium is a heat source.

The seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention can exhibit the following effects.
(1) A preheated seawater flow chamber provided above the preheated seawater return chamber provided with means for heating the stored seawater, and disposed from above the surface of the stored seawater via a space, The space in which one end portion side of a large number of water permeable members is fixed in a grid shape and the other end side (lower end side) of the large number of water permeable members is maintained at a high temperature. It is suspended to the inside of the seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber through the section. Then, the remaining heat seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater flow-down chamber is caused to flow down into the seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber along the surface of the water permeable member, particularly the water permeable member.
As a result, in the residual heat seawater return chamber, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber by the heating means using the heat medium heated using solar heat, and is arranged in the high temperature space. A large amount of water vapor is also generated from the preheated seawater flowing down along the surface portions of the many water permeable members. These large amounts of water vapor can be obtained by raising the water vapor rising passage portion communicating with the space portion, guiding it to the cooling chamber, cooling it, and condensing (condensing) it to obtain fresh water. As described above, the present invention can provide an energy-saving seawater desalination apparatus that uses less natural energy, such as sunlight, by reducing the power and thermal energy consumed to generate water vapor from seawater. Become.

  (2) Preheated seawater preheated by the seawater preheater is allowed to flow into the preheated seawater flow lower chamber, and the preheated seawater flows down to the preheated seawater return chamber through the high-temperature space along the water permeable member. Yes. Thereby, it becomes possible to generate a large amount of water vapor from the remaining hot water flowing down along the surface portion of the water permeable member without lowering the temperature of the space portion. In addition, since the seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber is supplemented with the residual heat seawater, the decrease in the temperature of the seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber can be made extremely small, thereby reducing the generation of water vapor. It is also possible to reduce the consumption of thermal energy required for heating the seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber.

  (3) By configuring the water-permeable member with a composite material containing carbon fibers, the water-permeable member can be used over a long period of time, and the cost for maintenance of the apparatus can be reduced.

  (4) According to the above (1) to (3), the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention is installed especially on the coast of a desert region or a dry region where there is little rainfall, and mainly operates with solar energy as a driving source. It is extremely effective as a device for producing drinking water, fresh water for agriculture and greening at low cost and efficiently.

It is a figure for demonstrating the outline | summary of the process for desalinating seawater about the seawater desalination apparatus of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for demonstrating the structural example about the seawater desalination apparatus main body shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the structural example of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber shown in FIG. 2, Comprising: (a) is the fragmentary top view, (b) is sectional drawing of the AA line shown to (a). It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for demonstrating another structural example about the seawater desalination apparatus main body shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view for demonstrating an example of the fixed structure when the water-permeable member shown in FIG. 4 is fixed to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of arrangement | sequence of many water-permeable members about the water-permeable member shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 4, Comprising: The example which has arrange | positioned the water-permeable member in the shape of a grid. Similarly, for the water permeable member shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 4, it is a diagram for explaining an arrangement example of a large number of water permeable members, in which a large number of water permeable members are arranged in a grid pattern, The example at the time of making the thickness of the water-permeable member near the center part of a part smaller than a peripheral part is shown. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the seawater desalination apparatus main body for demonstrating other embodiment about the cooling chamber shown in FIG. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the structural example of the building of a seawater desalination apparatus main body. It is a figure for demonstrating the structural example of a seawater residual heat apparatus and an air (hot air) heating apparatus. It is sectional drawing in the DD line shown in FIG. When a water-permeable member is comprised with the composite material containing carbon fiber, it is a fragmentary sectional view for demonstrating the structural example for fixing this water-permeable member to a preheat seawater flow lower chamber. It is a top view which shows the structure of the seawater guide member shown in FIG. 12, Comprising: (a) shows a state when the linear member is not inserted in the through-hole of the seawater guide member, (b) shows the seawater guide member It is a figure which shows a state when a linear member is inserted in a through-hole. It is a figure for demonstrating the structural example of the water-permeable member shown in FIG. 12, Comprising: (a) is a figure which shows the cross section of the vertical direction of a water-permeable member, (b) is in the EE line shown to (a). It is a figure which shows a cross section. It is a top view for demonstrating an example of the split ring member shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows other embodiment about the water-permeable member shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross section in the FF line shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows other embodiment about the water-permeable member shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the process of desalinating seawater with the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

(Seawater desalination process)
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a water intake device for taking seawater from the sea, and includes a pipe disposed in the sea, a pump for pumping seawater, and the like (not shown). Seawater taken by the water intake device 1 is temporarily stored in the seawater storage device 2 constituted by a tank or the like. The seawater stored in the seawater storage device 2 is supplied to the seawater residual heat device 3 based on the control of the control device 12 described later, following the operation of the seawater desalination device main body 5 described later. In addition, when supplying seawater from the seawater storage device 2 to the seawater residual heat device 3, for example, a filtering means such as a filtration membrane is disposed at the seawater outlet of the seawater storage device 2, and foreign matter including plankton contained in seawater. The seawater from which the water has been removed is supplied to the seawater afterheater 3.

  The seawater residual heat apparatus 3 is an apparatus for preheating seawater using the thermal energy of sunlight. The residual heat seawater preheated by the seawater residual heat device 3 is temporarily stored in the residual heat seawater storage device 3a, and then the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 of the seawater desalination device main body 5 serving as a main body of the seawater desalination device according to the present invention described later. Is supplied to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b. The remaining heat seawater supplied to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a, 29b flows down a large number of string-like water-permeable members 31 (described later) in the space K of the high temperature atmosphere in the vertical direction. Thereby, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the remaining heat seawater flowing down through the water permeable member 31.

  In order to operate the seawater desalination device at night, a plurality of seawater residual heat devices 3 and residual heat seawater storage devices 3a are installed, and a large amount of residual heat seawater is generated during the daytime when sunlight is poured to store the residual heat seawater. It is desirable to employ a method of storing in the device 3a.

  4 is a solar power generation device provided with a large number of solar power generation panels 4a. The solar power generation device 4 includes a device that converts DC power generated by the solar power generation panel 4a into AC power using an inverter (not shown). The AC power is used as a power source for driving various pumps and electric valves, the heat medium heating device 8, the hot air generating device 9, the cold air generating device 10, and the like included in the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention. Supplied.

  Reference numeral 4b denotes a power storage device that stores a part of the DC power generated by the solar power generation device 4. The DC power stored in the power storage device 4b is converted into AC power and supplied as a power source when operating various devices and devices provided in the seawater desalination apparatus described above mainly at night.

  The seawater preheating device 3 employs any one of the following means 1 to 3 or two or more means at the same time to preheat seawater using the thermal energy of sunlight.

(Means 1)
A solar light collecting device 3 b that collects sunlight is provided in the vicinity of the seawater residual heat device 3. And the sunlight condensing with the sunlight condensing apparatus 3b is utilized toward the seawater residual heat apparatus 3 comprised from the metal tank which stores seawater, for example, and the thermal energy of sunlight is utilized Then, the heat medium composed of the liquid filled in the tank is heated, and the seawater is preheated to, for example, about 90 to 100 ° C. by heat exchange with the heated heat medium. This preheated seawater (hereinafter referred to as “preheated seawater”) is supplied to the preheated seawater storage device 3a and temporarily stored. Note that silicon oil or the like can be used as the above-described heat medium.

  As the seawater residual heat device 3 for carrying out this (means 1), for example, the solar light collecting device 3b is used to collect on the side surface of a tank composed of a metal plate having high corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity, for example, a stainless steel plate. One or a plurality of concave (spherical) portions on which the illuminated sunlight is incident are provided. In addition, a heat medium is filled in the tank in advance, and a spiral heat exchange pipe that can supply and take out seawater from the outside is disposed.

  Then, when the sunlight condensed by the sunlight collecting device 3b is made incident on the spherical surface portion provided on the side surface of the tank, the spherical surface portion is heated to high temperature by sunlight, and this heat is transmitted to the heat medium in the tank. Is done. Thereby, it becomes possible to heat the heat medium in a tank to the temperature of about 100-120 degreeC. In order to increase the temperature of the heat medium in the tank in a short time, a plurality of spherical portions provided on the side surface of the tank are provided, and one solar concentrator 3b is provided corresponding to each spherical portion. To do.

  When the temperature of the heat medium reaches a predetermined temperature, seawater is gently supplied from the seawater storage device 2 to the heat exchange pipe, and the seawater in the heat exchange pipe is preheated by heat exchange with the heat medium. Seawater preheated to a predetermined temperature is supplied to the residual heat seawater storage device 3a. By performing the residual heat control of the seawater by the above-described seawater residual heat device 3 by the control device 12, at least the seawater can be preheated to a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.

(Means 2)
Similarly to the above (Means 1), seawater is filled in a tank provided with a spherical portion on which the sunlight condensed by the sunlight concentrating device 3b is incident on the side surface, and sunlight is incident on this spherical portion to obtain a spherical surface. The part is heated to a high temperature. Then, the seawater is preheated by heat exchange between the spherical surface heated to a high temperature and the seawater in the tank. This control of heat exchange, for example, control of the heat exchange time and the temperature of the remaining heat seawater is performed by the control device 12. And if the temperature of the seawater in a tank is heated more than predetermined temperature (for example, 60 degreeC or more), this unheated seawater will be supplied to the unheated seawater storage apparatus 3a, and will be stored once.

(Means 3)
When the solar power generation panel 4a provided in the solar power generation device 4 is exposed to sunlight, the temperature of the surface rises to near 70 ° C. in summer, for example. The photovoltaic power generation panel 4a using crystalline silicon or the like has its photoelectric conversion efficiency lowered as the temperature rises, so it is desirable to keep the temperature of the surface and the peripheral part at 30 ° C. or lower. Therefore, a part of the seawater stored in the seawater storage device 2 is used as a means for cooling the solar power generation panel 4a during the daytime when sunlight is poured. Then, the remaining heat seawater that has been used to cool the solar power generation panel and whose temperature has risen is supplied to, for example, another remaining heat seawater storage device 3a to be further heated to a higher temperature.
In addition, as a method of cooling the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation panel 4a with seawater, either or both of the following (Method a) and (Method b) can be employed.

(Method a)
In order to cool the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a, the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a is stored in the seawater storage device 2 for a predetermined time interval (for example, 2 minutes) every predetermined time interval, for example, every 5 minutes. Sprinkle seawater. Thereby, it is thought that the temperature of the seawater used for cooling the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel can obtain seawater that is at least 10 ° C. higher than that before use.

(Method b)
For example, when the solar cell power generation panel 4a is disposed on the inclined surface of the desalination apparatus main body 5 provided with an inclined surface facing the solar direction, the solar power generation panel 4a is slightly spaced from the inclined surface (for example, It is attached via a space of about 3 to 5 cm. And in the daytime when sunlight shines, by flowing a predetermined amount of seawater stored in the seawater storage device 2 through this space part from the upper side to the lower side of this inclined surface downward or constantly. The lower side of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a is cooled with seawater. Thereby, it is thought that the seawater used for cooling the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a from the lower side can obtain seawater having increased by at least 10 ° C.

  Note that the above (Method a) and (Method b) are performed only during the daytime when the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a is increased by sunlight and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is decreased, and naturally, the method is not performed at nighttime. Moreover, when employ | adopting any method of the said (method a) and (method b), the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a uses a waterproof type panel. In addition, the above (Method a) and (Method b) are carried out only in the daytime, but when this method is carried out and the implementation is stopped, the seawater adhering to the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a evaporates. Since the remaining salt is deposited on the surface portion and the like, the predetermined time after the operation of the above (Method a) and (Method b) is stopped is, for example, sprinkling fresh water to the photovoltaic power generation panel 4a for a predetermined time. Like that. In addition, since the salt water is contained in the sprinkled fresh water, it collects and it is made to collect | recover to the seawater storage apparatus 2. FIG.

  Since there is a possibility that foreign matter is contained in the preheated seawater preheated by the above (Means 1) to (Means 3), the preheated seawater from which foreign matters have been removed by filtration means using a filter membrane (filter) or the like is preheated. It supplies to the seawater storage device 3a or the seawater residual heat device 3. The residual heat seawater once stored in the residual heat seawater storage device 3 a is supplied to the residual heat seawater flow lower chambers 29 a and 29 b provided above the seawater desalination device main body 5 based on the control of the control device 12.

  Reference numeral 8 denotes a heat medium heating device. The heat medium heating device 8 includes a heat medium made of a liquid therein, and includes a heating unit that heats the heat medium with electric power supplied from the solar power generation device 4. For example, an electric heater can be used as the heating means. The heat medium heated in the heat medium heating device 8 is circulated by a heat medium supply pump to a heat exchange pipe 8a disposed in the seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 of the seawater desalination apparatus main body 5. Supplied. The seawater stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated to about 100 ° C. by heat exchange with the heat exchange pipe 8a serving as the seawater heating means, and generates a large amount of water vapor. Water vapor generated from seawater in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 rises in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and is guided to the cooling chamber 7.

  In addition, as the heat medium heating device 8, in the daytime when sunlight is poured, the heat energy of sunlight is about 120 ° C. by using a device that is substantially the same as the above-described seawater residual heat device 3 (means 1). A means for supplying a heat medium composed of a liquid heated to the heat exchange pipe 8 a disposed in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 may be employed. By adopting such means, it is possible to heat the heat medium using solar heat during the day and to heat the heat medium using the power stored in the power storage device 4b at night. The amount can be reduced and the amount of power stored in the power storage device 4b during the day can be increased.

  As the above-mentioned heat medium, for example, fresh water or oil for heat medium made of various liquids that have been put into practical use, such as silicon oil, can be used. When fresh water is used as the heat medium, superheated steam at about 120 ° C. is generated in the heat medium heating device 8 and circulated in the heat exchange pipe 8a using the heat medium supply pump. Moreover, when using fresh water as a heat medium, this fresh water uses fresh water generated by the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention.

Reference numeral 9 shown in FIG. 1 denotes a hot air generator (hot air generator / supply device) for generating high-temperature air (hot air) of about 90 to 100 ° C. by the electric power supplied from the solar power generator 4 and supplying the air to the space K. ). The hot air generated by the hot air generating / supplying device 9 is supplied to the space K provided in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 by a blower pump, and used to maintain the temperature in the space K near 90 ° C. . The hot air generator (hot air generator / supply device) 9 also uses solar heat to heat the air to a high temperature for a predetermined time during the daytime, and supplies the heated air into the space K. It may be.
Moreover, 10 shown in FIG. 1 is an apparatus for supplying cold air of about −10 ° C. to 5 ° C. to the cooling chamber 7 using the electric power supplied from the solar power generation device 4. Water vapor generated from seawater in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is led to the cooling chamber 7 to be cooled and condensed to produce fresh water. The generated fresh water is collected in the fresh water storage device 11.

  The control device 12 shown in FIG. 1 is a seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 based on input signals input from various sensors and operation switches (not shown) including temperature detection means and pressure detection means. Is a device provided with a CPU for controlling the operation of each device according to a program. Note that the power source for operating the control device 12 uses, for example, the power stored in the power storage device 4b.

  1, for example, a seawater desalination apparatus main body 5, a heat medium heating apparatus 8, a hot air generation apparatus (hot air generation and supply apparatus) 9, a cold air generation apparatus 10, a fresh water storage apparatus 11, and a control The apparatus 12 can be made into one unit which comprises the seawater desalination apparatus which concerns on this invention. In the present invention, this one unit is accommodated, for example, in the unit apparatus U shown in FIG. 9 or a part thereof is installed in the vicinity of the unit apparatus U. Then, one or more of the unit devices U, a seawater intake device 1, a seawater storage device 2, a seawater residual heat device 3, a residual heat seawater storage device 3a, a solar power generation device 4, a power storage device 4b, etc. are provided, and solar energy is provided. It can be constructed as an effective seawater desalination plant system.

(Configuration of the seawater desalination system main unit)
Subsequently, in the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the configuration of a seawater desalination apparatus main body (hereinafter referred to as “apparatus main body”) 5 having a characteristic configuration will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along the line CC shown in FIG. 9) showing an embodiment of the configuration of the apparatus main body 5.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the basic configuration of the apparatus main body 5 includes a preheated seawater return chamber 6 provided in a frame 20 serving as a base, a cooling chamber 7 disposed above the preheated seawater return chamber 6, It is comprised from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) provided between the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and the cooling chamber 7. FIG. Further, a space K having a predetermined height is provided between the water surface of the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b).

  The shape of the apparatus body 5 is, for example, a horizontally long shape as shown in FIG. Further, the frame body 20 (front and rear, side, ceiling) and the like constituting the apparatus main body 5 is made of a member having strength and heat insulation effect in which FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is adhered to both surfaces of a plaster plate, for example. Configure. Further, a plurality of doorways and inspection windows for exchanging various devices and parts constituting the apparatus main body 5 are provided at appropriate positions of the frame body 20.

  In the seawater desalination apparatus main body 5 shown in FIG. 2, in order to generate a large amount of fresh water by efficiently generating water vapor from seawater, the width of the frame 20 (unit U shown in FIG. 9) is about 2 m to 5 m, The length of the depth is about 5 m to 10 m, the height of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29 a (29 b) is at least about 1.5 to 2 m, a large apparatus is about 5 m to 10 m, and the cooling chamber 7 It is desirable to secure the height of at least about 2 m to 3 m, and about 5 m to 10 m for a large apparatus.

[Configuration of residual heat sea return room]
As shown in FIG. 2, a space part for storing seawater S1 is formed at the bottom of the frame 20 constituting the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, and further, the stored seawater S1 is stored in this space part. A heat exchange pipe 8a for heating is provided. As described above, the heat medium heated from the heat medium heater 8 is circulated and supplied to the heat exchange pipe 8a. Thereby, the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated to about 100 ° C. by the heat medium flowing in the heat exchange pipe 8a, and a large amount of water vapor is generated from the seawater S1.

  In the upper part of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, a remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29 a (29 b) is provided via a space K. The remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) is a device for temporarily storing the remaining heat seawater, and the remaining heat seawater supplied from the remaining heat seawater storage device 3a by the supply pump (P) is converted into the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a ( 29b) Preheated seawater intakes 21 for taking in are provided at a plurality of locations. In addition, a seawater outlet 21a for taking out a part of the seawater S1 stored in the bottom of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and circulatingly supplying it to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) is provided at the lower part of the frame body 20. Provided.

  In addition, it is good also as a structure which provided the partition plate 46 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, and was divided | segmented into the two left and right remaining heat seawater return chambers 6, as shown in FIG. If the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is divided into two left and right remaining heat seawater return chambers 6, the apparatus body 5 can be configured as a unit, so that the construction work of the apparatus body 5 at the site is facilitated. This produces the merit.

  A discharge pipe 22 is provided at the bottom of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 to discharge the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 to the outside of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 in accordance with the control of the control device 12. . Note that the seawater S1 discharged from the discharge pipe 22 passes through the filtering means to remove foreign matters contained in the seawater S1, and then, for example, the high-temperature discharged seawater S1 is supplied to the seawater residual heat device 3. Reuse seawater as a heat source for preheating. And the reused discharge seawater S1 performs the process etc. which return to the sea.

  In addition, a seawater intake port 21 b for taking seawater or residual heat seawater into the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is provided below the frame 20 of the residual heat seawater return chamber 6. When the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention is initially operated or restarted after maintenance, the seawater intake port 21b supplies seawater from the seawater storage device 2 or residual heat seawater from the residual heat seawater storage device 3a to the residual heat seawater return chamber. 6 is a seawater intake port used for taking a predetermined amount into 6.

As described above, the heat exchange pipe 8a for heating the stored seawater S1 and generating water vapor is installed near the bottom of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. During the operation of the seawater desalination apparatus, the control device 12 controls the water surface height of the seawater S1 stored in the preheated seawater return chamber 6 to a predetermined level so that the heat exchange pipe 8a is in the preheated seawater return chamber. It is made to be buried in the seawater S1 stored in 6. Since the heat medium heated to about 120 ° C. by the heat medium heating device 8 is circulated and supplied into the heat exchange pipe 8a, the sea water S1 stored in the remaining heat sea water return chamber 6 is heated to near 100 ° C. Water vapor is generated from the seawater S1.
The heat exchanging pipe 8a installed in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 has one heat exchanging pipe 8a arranged in a substantially coil shape in a plan view, or arranged in a zigzag shape so as to generate high-temperature heat. The heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange pipe 8a through which the medium flows and the seawater S1 is improved.

  Moreover, in order to maintain stably the temperature in the space part K provided on the water surface of the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 at about 90-100 degreeC, it is in the space part K, and the seawater S1. A plurality of hot air blowing means 32 for blowing hot air of about 90 to 100 ° C. generated by the hot air generator 9 may be installed near the water surface and near the frame body 20 at a predetermined interval. As the hot air jetting means 32, a means for attaching a jet nozzle to a pipe for supplying hot air is adopted, and the direction in which the hot air is jetted is the central direction of the space K and is slightly inclined on the surface of the seawater S1. It is desirable to have the orientation (about 45 °).

  An opening leading to the steam rising passage portion 25 is provided in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b), and the water vapor generated from the remaining heat seawater S2 in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) is guided to the steam rising passage portion 25 and cooled. The amount of water vapor that is supplied to the chamber 7 and supplied to the cooling chamber 7 may be further increased.

  As shown in FIG. 2, partitioning members (partition walls) 23 a and 23 b are provided between the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and the cooling chamber 7 from the side of the frame 20 toward the center, and are opposed to each other. A hollow (space) portion 24 having a predetermined width is provided between the end portions of the partition members 23a and 23b. The partition members 23a and 23b are members for partitioning the remaining-heat seawater return chamber 6 and the cooling chamber 7 in the lateral direction with the cavity 24 interposed therebetween, and the material is FRP on both sides of the plate material made of gypsum described above. It is good to comprise from the board | plate material which closely_contact | adhered. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the cavity 24 is provided in the vicinity of the upper portion of the central portion of the space K, and is provided so as to extend in the depth direction of the paper surface of FIG. 2.

  Above the hollow portion 24, a water vapor rising passage portion 25 communicating with the hollow portion 24 is provided. The water vapor rising passage portion 25 is formed by, for example, side wall members 26 and 27 having lower ends attached to the partition member 23a and the partition member 23b, respectively, so that the lateral width of the water vapor rising passage portion 25 decreases toward the top. I have to. As shown in FIG. 2, the left side of the side wall member 26 and the right side of the side wall member 27 are the cooling chamber 7 above the partition members 23 a and 23 b. The side wall members 26 and 27 constituting the water vapor rising passage portion 25 are made of stainless steel plate, and several portions on the upper end side of the side wall members 26 and 27 are fixed to the ceiling wall portion of the cooling chamber 7 or the like. Thus, a space is formed in the upper part of the cooling chamber 7.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the upper surface portions of the partition members 23 a and 23 b having a planar shape are inclined surfaces that are inclined downward from the cavity portion 24 toward the frame body 20. Furthermore, between the lower end portions of the inclined surfaces of the partition members 23a and 23b and the frame body 20, water collecting basins 28a and 28b made of stainless steel or the like having a U-shaped cross section are arranged. . The water collecting basins 28a and 28b are basins for collecting fresh water that has been condensed by condensation of water vapor flowing into the cooling chamber 7. For example, in the desalination apparatus main body 5 shown in FIG. 2, the catchment basins 28a and 28b are arranged so as to descend from the near side of the sheet with a gentle inclination angle in the depth direction. The collected fresh water is collected in the fresh water storage device 11 using a natural flow due to gravity.

[Configuration of the residual heat seawater flow chamber]
Below the partition members 23a and 23b and on the left and right sides of the cavity 24 at the top of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, a box shape is formed at a predetermined height from the surface of the seawater S1 through the space K. The remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b are arranged. The remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b are installed from the water surface of the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 through the space K, and the bottoms thereof are formed on the partition member 23a (23b) and the frame body 20. It is supported to be horizontal by a fixed support member.

  The remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b are means for causing the remaining heat seawater S2 to flow downward through the water permeation member 31 toward the lower side of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 while temporarily storing the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing from the seawater intake port 21. And used as a means for generating water vapor from the preheated seawater S2 flowing down along the surface portion of the water permeable member 31, and has a characteristic configuration in the present invention. It should be noted that the remaining heat seawater S2 is continuously supplemented to the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 by the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b.

  The remaining-heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b may each be a single box-shaped member. However, in consideration of the ease of installation work and maintenance, a frame is formed in the depth direction from the plane of the drawing shown in FIG. A plurality of preheated seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction along the body 20, and the remaining heat seawater flow from the preheated seawater storage device 3a to each of the preheated seawater flow lower chambers 29a (29b) It is desirable to let it flow in through 21. In addition, the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b have the same configuration and are configured to be removable from the frame body 20 in consideration of maintenance.

  Then, the detail of a structure of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a, 29b is demonstrated. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b), and FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a part of the bottom of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b). FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG. In addition, since the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b have the same configuration, in the following description, the description of the configuration of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber will be described using the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a as an example.

  The remaining-heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a has a box shape having a predetermined depth, and in a plan view, has a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 3A, and includes a bottom plate 29a1 serving as a bottom portion of the box shape, and a bottom plate 29a1. A side plate 29a2 is provided to stand up to a predetermined height in the vertical direction from the four edges. Further, a stepped portion 29a3 (see FIG. 3B) provided in a grid pattern at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions is provided on the upper surface of the bottom portion 29a1. The shape of the upper surface of the stepped portion 29a3 is, for example, a polygonal shape such as a circle or a square in plan view. As shown in FIG. 3B, a through hole 29a4 is provided at the center of each stepped portion 29a3.

  The seawater guide member 30 is fitted in the through hole 29a4 of the bottom plate 29a1. The seawater guide member 30 is provided with a flat upper surface portion 30a for fitting into the concave stepped portion 29a3. In addition, the upper surface portion 30a having a predetermined thickness has a through hole 30b formed vertically from the center portion of the upper surface, and a cylindrical string having a diameter smaller than the width of the upper surface portion 30a below the upper surface portion 30a. An insertion protrusion 30d is provided.

  The shape of the upper surface portion 30a of the seawater guide member 30 is a polygonal shape such as a circle or a square in plan view so as to fit into the step portion 29a3, and the thickness thereof is substantially the same as the depth of the step portion 29a3. When the seawater guide member 30 is fitted into the hole 29a4 of the bottom plate 29a1, the upper surface portion 30a of the seawater guide member 30 is fitted into the stepped portion 29a3 of the bottom plate 29a1, and the outer peripheral surface of the string insertion protrusion 30d is the bottom plate 29a1. It is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the through-hole portion 29a4, and the lower end portion of the string insertion protrusion 30d protrudes from the lower surface of the bottom plate 29a1 by a distance L1. The distance L1 is about 5 cm to 20 cm.

Further, the seawater guide member 30 has a plurality of string locking protrusions 30c protruding from the upper surface part 30a by a predetermined height, and the string insertion protrusion 30d has a hole penetrating from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface. A plurality of 30e are provided.
The material of the bottom plate 29a1, the side plate 29a2, and the seawater guide member 30 constituting the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a is made of a corrosion-resistant member such as stainless steel, for example. And as shown in FIG.3 (b), in the outer peripheral surface of the part which the protrusion part 30d for string insertion protrudes about L1 from the lower surface of the bottom plate 29a1, the one end part side of the water-permeable member 31 which is a string-like member The central part (the central part of the cross section) is inserted.

  The water-permeable member 31 described above is a yarn member (hereinafter referred to as a bundle of several yarns made of cotton, silk, hemp (for example, Manila hemp) having water permeability (water permeability or hygroscopicity) or these materials. A plurality of yarn members (for example, three or four unit yarn members 31a) in which several yarns are bundled are combined into a braid or rope (leash) shape A string-like or rope-like member (hereinafter also referred to as “string member”) having a predetermined thickness (for example, a diameter of about 10 mm to 50 mm) It becomes one Embodiment of the water-permeable member used for a seawater desalination apparatus.

  In addition, the above-mentioned “braid shape” indicates, for example, a braid obtained by assembling three or more unit yarn members obliquely according to a predetermined combination procedure, as conventionally performed, and its cross-sectional shape A braid made of a circle. Furthermore, the above-mentioned “rope (rope) shape” indicates, for example, a rope (rope) in which 2 to 3 or more unit yarn members are twisted.

  And as shown in FIG.3 (b), the unit thread member 31a is tied to the string latching protrusion part 30c through the through-hole 30e in the state which opened the one end part side of the water-permeable member 31. As shown in FIG. Thereby, the one end part side of the water-permeable member 31 can be firmly latched to the seawater guide member 30, that is, it can be firmly fixed to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a. Further, in this firmly fixed state, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the string insertion protrusion 30 d of the seawater guide member 30 is inserted into the central portion on the upper end side of the water permeable member 31. It is in the state.

  Note that 31c shown in FIG. 3 (b) is an outer peripheral cover made of silicon rubber or the like that is attached (fixed) to the upper end portion of the water-permeable member (string member) 31 and a lower surface portion of a predetermined length from the upper end portion. It is a member. The outer peripheral cover member 31c is a cover provided to prevent the salt contained in the preheated seawater S2 from adhering to the surface portion between the upper end portion of the water permeable member 31 and a predetermined distance below the upper end portion. It is a member. By providing this outer peripheral cover member 31c, when the residual heat seawater S2 flows down along the water permeable member 31, it oozes out to the surface part of the upper end part of the water permeable member and the surface part of the thread member 31a, and salt is deposited. And can be prevented from adhering. The preheated seawater S2 flows down on the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 that is not equipped with the outer peripheral cover member 31c, so that the deposited salt does not adhere or does not continue to adhere.

  The material of the water permeable member 31 is preferably a string member made of cotton yarn, silk yarn, hemp yarn made of natural plant fibers, or a combination thereof. Moreover, even if these cotton yarn, silk yarn, and hemp yarn are used in water near 100 ° C. including seawater, there is an advantage that the material does not change and can be used for a long time. The water permeable member 31 may use a thread made of a porous synthetic fiber. In this case, a fiber that does not dissolve chemical components contained in the synthetic fiber into seawater is used. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the other end side of the multiple water permeable members 31 whose upper end side is fixed to the bottom of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29 a is perpendicular to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29 a via the space K. It is suspended and immersed in the seawater S1 for a predetermined length. The length by which the water permeable member 31 is suspended from the residual heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a through the space K into the seawater S1 is preferably at least 1 m, although it depends on the size of the apparatus body 5. .

Since the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b have the above-described configuration, the remaining heat seawater S2 flows into the remaining seawater flow lower portions 29a and 29b from the remaining heat seawater intake port 21 and passes through the through holes 30b of the seawater guide member 30, From the lower end of the through hole 30b, the water flows into the center of the water permeable member 31. As described above, the water-permeable member 31 is formed by uniting (twisting) the unit yarn member 31a made of hygroscopic, that is, water-permeable cotton yarn, silk yarn, or hemp yarn into a braided (rope) shape. There is a very small space. As a result, the residual heat seawater S2 that has flowed from the lower end portion of the through hole 30b of the seawater guide member 30 to the central portion in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the water permeable member 31 immediately enters the central portion and the surface portion or surface portion of the water permeable member 31. The water flows down toward the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 while oozing out to the near surface layer. That is, the remaining heat seawater S2 flows down while oozing out into the central portion, the surface portion, and the surface layer portion of the water permeable member 31, so that the flowing remaining heat seawater S2 is separated from the water permeable member 31 and is returned to the remaining heat seawater return chamber. The phenomenon of falling directly on the seawater S1 of 6 can be eliminated.
In the following description, the surface portion of the water-permeable member 31 and the surface layer portion close to the surface portion are simply referred to as “surface portion”. Therefore, the “surface portion” includes the “surface portion” of the water permeable member 31 and the surface layer portion in the vicinity of the “surface portion”.

  The space K provided on the surface of the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is generated by heating the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 by the heat exchange pipe 8a. It is maintained at a high temperature of about 90 to 100 ° C. by the steam and hot air ejected from the hot air ejecting means 32. As a result, the remaining heat seawater S2 that oozes out and flows down on the surface portions of the multiple water permeable members 31 disposed in the space K is exposed to this high temperature atmosphere, so the surface of the multiple water permeable members 31 A large amount of water vapor is generated from the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing down along the section.

  Thus, in the apparatus main body 5, as a means for generating water vapor from seawater, the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated by heat exchange with the heat medium flowing in the heat exchange pipe 8a. And a means for generating water vapor and a means for generating water vapor from the preheated seawater S2 that oozes out on the surface of the many water-permeable members 31 and flows down the space K. There is.

  As described above, in the present invention, one end side (upper end portion) of a large number of the water permeable members 31 is fixed to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b and suspended in the vertical direction via the space K. The other end side (lower end) is immersed in the seawater S1 of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. And in the space part K currently hold | maintained at high temperature, it is characterized by generating a lot of water vapor | steam from the surface part of many water-permeable members 31. FIG. Then, the total surface area of the multiple water permeable members 31 is greatly increased by suspending the multiple water permeable members 31 arranged (arranged) in a grid pattern in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b. Accordingly, the amount of water vapor evaporated from the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 can be increased accordingly.

  For example, by arranging several hundreds of water-permeable members 31 densely in a grid pattern from the residual heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b, the total surface area of the water-permeable members 31 exposed to the high temperature space K can be reduced. The area of the water surface of the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 can be several tens of times or more. Thereby, in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, it becomes possible to generate a very large amount of water vapor for generating fresh water from seawater using solar energy, and consumption of heat energy for generating water vapor. Can also be reduced. In addition, the example of arrangement | sequence which arranges many water-permeable members 31 in the residual heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a, 29b in the shape of a grid is mentioned later.

  A member for preventing the permeable member 31 from shaking is attached to the lower end portion of the permeable member 31, that is, the lower end portion side of the permeable member 31 immersed in the seawater S <b> 1 in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6. It is desirable to prevent the water permeable member 31 from shaking due to the jet pressure of hot air jetted from the hot air jetting means 32 or foaming of the water surface due to boiling of the seawater S1. The reason why the water permeable member 31 is prevented from shaking is that when the water permeable member 31 suspended from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b is shaken, the water permeable members 31 are contacted or entangled with each other, or the surface of the water permeable member 31. The seawater flowing down along the section scatters into the space K in the middle of the flow, and a part of the seawater containing the scattered salt enters the cooling chamber 7 on the ascending current, and the generated fresh water contains salt. This is to prevent the occurrence of a malfunction.

  As means for preventing the shaking of the water permeable member 31 described above, a stainless steel weight having an appropriate weight is connected to the lower end side of all the water permeable members 31, or a stainless steel having an appropriate weight is made. The rod or net member 45 is connected. Further, it is desirable that this shaking preventing means is fixed to the frame body 20 in order to reliably prevent the water permeable member 31 from shaking. By providing this shaking prevention means, it becomes possible to suspend a large number of water-permeable members 31 from the remaining heat seawater flow chambers 29a and 29b in a close-up pattern like a grid.

[Composition of cooling room]
Next, a configuration example of the cooling chamber 7 will be described with reference to FIG. The cooling chamber 7 is provided above the partition members 23 a and 23 b and on the left and right of the water vapor rising passage portion 25 communicating with the cavity portion 24.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a stainless steel upper heat exchange pipe 33 a and a lower heat exchange pipe 33 b for supplying cold air (refrigerant) are provided between the water vapor rising passage portion 25 and the side wall of the cooling chamber 7. Is arranged. The upper heat exchange pipe 33a and the lower heat exchange pipe 33b are connected via a plurality of stainless steel pipes 34a and 34b. And the cold wind (temperature of about -10 degreeC-5 degreeC) which generate | occur | produced in the cold wind generation means 10 is made to circulate and supply in the piping 33a for upper heat exchange. The cold air supplied to the upper heat exchange pipe 33a flows to the lower heat exchange pipe 33b via the pipes 34a and 34b, and the cold air that has flowed to the lower pipe 33b is recovered by the cold air generating means 10. In this way, the cold air generated by the cold air generating means 10 is circulated and supplied to the “upper heat exchanging pipe 33a → the pipe 34a (34b) → the lower heat exchanging pipe 33b → the cold air generating means 10”.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, on the left and right sides of the pipes 34a and 34b arranged in the vertical direction, a number of stainless steel cooling plates 35 are vertically arranged with a predetermined interval. The cooling plates 35 are arranged so as to be inclined downward toward the lower side of the cooling chamber 7. In order to make it easier to attach the cooling plate 35 to the pipes 34a and 34b, the cross-sectional shapes of the pipes 34a and 34b are preferably flat rectangular shapes. In addition, the cooling plate 35 is not directly attached to the pipes 34a and 34b, but the cooling plate 35 is previously attached to a vertically long plate-like fixing member made of a metal (stainless steel or the like) having high thermal conductivity. A means for tightly fixing the pipes to the pipes 34a and 34b may be employed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, it is desirable that the cooling plate 35 having a long length and a short cooling plate 35 are alternately attached to the pipes 34a, 34b or the fixing member.

  Since the multiple cooling plates 35 are cooled by the heat conduction of the cold air flowing in the pipes 34a and 34b, the cooling plates 35 are also cooled. As described above, when the cooling plate 35 having a long length and the cooling plate 35 having a short length are alternately attached, the flow of the air flow including the water vapor flowing in the cooling chamber 7 is disturbed. It becomes easy to contact the surface of the plate 35, and the action of increasing the amount of water droplets generated by cooling the water vapor attached to the cooling plate 35 can be promoted.

  In addition, the pressure in the preheated seawater return chamber 6 and the cooling chamber 7 increases due to the water vapor generated in the preheated seawater return chamber 6. For this reason, in order to efficiently generate a large amount of water vapor in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 and to guide this water vapor into the cooling chamber 7 via the water vapor rising passage 25, the inside of the cooling chamber 7 needs to be decompressed. There is. As a countermeasure against this, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, a suction port (discharge port) 38 is provided in the lower part of the side wall of the cooling chamber 7, and the suction port 38 is connected to a decompression pump. The pump is always operated to reduce the pressure in the cooling chamber 7. In addition, a pressure sensor is installed in the cooling chamber 7, and the control device 12 performs control so that the detection value of the pressure sensor is maintained within a predetermined pressure value set in advance. In this way, by sucking the air in the cooling chamber 7 from the suction port 38 by the decompression pump, a large amount of water vapor generated in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is transferred from the space K to the inside of the cooling chamber 7 through the water vapor rising passage 25. It becomes possible to promote the inflow to the river.

  In addition, since the air sucked from the suction port 38 by the decompression pump contains fine water vapor particles, for example, the sucked air passes through the hollow fiber membrane to capture the water vapor particles. Then, means for obtaining fresh water from the sucked air may be provided.

In addition, a pipe 37 to which seawater is supplied from the seawater storage device 2 is installed, for example, in a spiral shape in the upper part of the water vapor rising passage section 25, and the seawater flowing in the pipe 37 rises through the water vapor rising passage section 25. Means for preheating by heat exchange with an air stream containing high-temperature steam may be provided. Then, the seawater that has been preheated in the pipe 37 is supplied to, for example, any of the preheated seawater storage device 3 a, the preheated seawater flow lower chambers 29 a and 29 b, and the preheated seawater return chamber 6.
Further, by installing the pipe 37 at the upper part of the water vapor rising passage portion 25, the water vapor rising in the water vapor rising passage portion 25 is brought into contact with the pipe 37 and the temperature thereof is lowered. Since water droplets adhere to the water droplets, although not shown in FIG. 2, a means for collecting water droplets falling from the surface of the pipe 37 as fresh water may be provided.

  In addition, a plurality of cold air jetting means 36 having nozzles for jetting the cold air supplied from the cold air generator 10 through the pipes are provided in the vicinity of the upper ceiling wall of the cooling chamber 7 to cool the cold air. It is made to eject toward the side wall direction of the chamber 7. As described above, the suction port (discharge port) 38 connected to the decompression pump is provided in the lower side wall of the cooling chamber 7, so that the airflow including water vapor flowing into the upper portion of the cooling chamber 7 The inside of the cooling chamber 7 is lowered while being in contact with the cooling plate 35 in the cooling chamber 7 while being cooled by the cold air jetting means 36 disposed at the top of the cooling chamber.

  Subsequently, in the cooling chamber 7 having the above-described configuration, the action of guiding and cooling the water vapor generated in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 to generate fresh water will be described as follows.

  (1) Since the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated by the heat exchange pipe 8a, steam is generated from the seawater S1.

  (2) Preheated seawater preheated by the seawater preheater 3 is supplied to the preheated seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b via the seawater intake 21 by supply means such as a pump. The remaining heat seawater S2 flowing into the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a and 29b and temporarily stored flows into the central portion of the water permeable member 31 through the through hole 30b of the seawater guide member 30, and along the water permeable member 31. It flows down into the seawater S1 of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. At this time, the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing down along the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 is exposed to an atmosphere maintained at a high temperature of about 90 to 100 ° C. when flowing down in the space K. Thereby, as described above, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the preheated seawater S <b> 2 flowing down the surface portions of the multiple water permeable members 31.

  (3) Since the suction port (discharge port) 38 connected to the decompression pump is provided in the lower part of the side wall of the cooling chamber 7, the water vapor generated by the above (1) and (2) is the central part of the space K. Then, it passes through the cavity portion 24, further rises in the steam rising passage portion 25, and flows into the upper portion of the cooling chamber 7. At this time, the high-temperature steam comes into contact with the surfaces of the plurality of pipes 37 to which seawater having a relatively low temperature is supplied, and the temperature is lowered by about 10 to 20 ° C.

  (4) The flow of airflow including water vapor that has flowed into the cooling chamber 7 proceeds from the upper end portion of the water vapor rising passage portion 25 toward the ceiling wall portion of the cooling chamber 7. Then, as indicated by the dotted arrows shown in FIG. 2, the two flows are curved by the ceiling wall portion of the cooling chamber 7, and change into a flow descending in the cooling chamber 7. At this time, since the cold air is ejected from the cold air ejection means 36 disposed below the ceiling wall, the water vapor is further cooled by the cold air, and the water vapor that has flowed into the cooling chamber 7 descends in the cooling chamber 7. Will be accelerated.

  (5) The airflow including water vapor descending in the cooling chamber 7 is cooled by contact with a large number of cooling plates 35 arranged in the cooling chamber 7 to form dew droplets and adhere to the surface of the cooling plate 35. . Water droplets adhering to the surface of the cooling plate 35 gradually grow and become larger. Since the cooling plate 35 is installed in a state inclined toward the lower portion of the cooling chamber 7, water droplets adhering to the surface of the cooling plate 35 fall from the inclined lower end of the cooling plate 35 due to gravity.

  (6) Water droplets falling from the cooling plate 35 fall on the partition members 23a and 23b. Since the partition members 23a and 23b are arranged so as to be inclined downward in the direction of the catchment basins 28a and 28b, fresh water that has fallen on the partition members 23a and 23b flows toward the catchment basins 28a and 28b. become.

  (7) As described above, the water collecting basins 28a and 28b are collected in the water collecting basins 28a and 28b by, for example, arranging them so as to be gently inclined downward in the depth direction from the front side of the paper surface of FIG. The fresh water is accommodated in the fresh water storage device 11 using gravity.

If the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention is used for a long time, foreign matters such as salt may adhere to the surface portion of the water permeable member 31. Therefore, when the seawater desalination apparatus is operated for several weeks, the hot air jetting from the hot air jetting means 32 is stopped and the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is returned to the residual heat seawater flow chamber 29a or 29b. The control is stopped, and the preheated seawater preheated by the seawater preheater 3 is supplied to the preheated seawater flow lower chamber 29a or 29b. Thereby, the remaining heat seawater supplied to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a or 29b flows into the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 along the water permeable member 31, so that the salt content deposited on the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 is dissolved. It is stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 as seawater S1. Moreover, since the water level of the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is increased by performing this control for a predetermined time, the action of removing the salt attached to the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 is promoted. become.
Further, the maintenance work described above can be performed for each of the remaining-heat seawater return chambers 6 divided into two by providing the partition plate 46 in FIG. This reduces the efficiency of seawater desalination

(Second embodiment of the residual seawater flow lower chamber)
Then, the structure of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG.4 and FIG.5 about the remaining-heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the remaining-heat seawater flow lower chamber 40a (40b) according to the second embodiment has a box shape including a bottom plate 40a1 (40b1) and a side plate 40a2 (40b2) serving as a bottom, and the side plate 40a2. The lid member 40a4 (40b4) is fixed to the upper part of (40b2). Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a knot 31 a is formed and fixed to the lid member 40 a 4 (40 b 4) on one end side (upper end portion) of the string-like water permeable member 31, and the other end of the water permeable member 31 is secured. The part side (lower end part) is configured to be immersed in seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 through a hole 40a3 provided in the bottom plate 40a1.

  Furthermore, in this 2nd Embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the seawater guide member 41 which has the hollow part 41a is inserted in the center part inside the upper end part side of the water-permeable member 31. As shown in FIG. The seawater guide member 41 has a cylindrical shape having a predetermined length. When the upper end portion of the water permeable member 31 is fixed to the lid member 40a4 (40b4), the upper end opening of the seawater guide member 41 inserted into the water permeable member 31 has a bottom plate 40a1 as shown in FIG. The height is approximately the same as the upper surface portion of (40b1) or is slightly protruded from the upper surface portion. On the other hand, the seawater guide member 41 is fixed to the central part of the water permeable member 31 so that the lower end opening of the seawater guide member 41 is located at a predetermined distance L2 from the lower surface of the bottom plate 40a1 (40b1). The seawater guide member 41 is preferably made of stainless steel having corrosion resistance.

  Moreover, let it be the state (twisted back part which untwisted) 31d which unwinded the water-permeable member 31 which consists of a string member over predetermined length L3 toward the downward direction from the upper end part of the water-permeable member 31. By providing the untwisted portion 31d as described above, the seawater guide member 41 can be easily inserted into the water permeable member 31, and the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 40a (40b) is added to the seawater guide member 41. It becomes possible to make it easy to flow in into the hollow part 41a from the upper end opening part.

  In addition, on the outer peripheral surface of the untwisted portion 31d, a band member 42 for appropriately tightening the untwisted portion 31d is provided at a predetermined interval to prevent variations in the untwisted portion 31d, and a seawater guide member The insertion position in the untwisted portion 31d of 41 is also fixed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer peripheral cover member 31c is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the untwisted portion 31d of the water permeable member 31 in the vicinity of the hole 40a3 of the bottom plate 40a1 (40b1). Yes. The outer peripheral cover member 31c exhibits the same function as the outer peripheral cover member 31c shown in FIG. 3B, and seals the gap between the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 and the hole 40a3 of the bottom plate 40a1 (40b1). This is a member made of silicon rubber or the like provided to prevent leakage of the residual heat seawater S2.

In the apparatus main body 5 provided with the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 40a (40b) which consists of an above-described structure, the remaining heat seawater S2 which flowed into the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 40a (40b) from the remaining heat seawater intake 21 and was stored is permeable. It is led from the untwisted portion 31d of the member 31 to the upper end opening of the seawater guide member 41 and flows down the hollow portion 41a. The remaining heat seawater S2 flowing down the hollow portion 41a of the seawater guide member 41 is guided to the center of the water permeable member 31, and the water permeable member 31 is a braided or rope formed by twisting a plurality of water permeable members. Since the remaining heat seawater S2 guided to the central portion of the water permeable member 31 oozes out to the surface portion of the water permeable member 31, it is directed toward the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. It will flow down. At this time, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the seawater flowing down the space K along the surface of the water permeable member 31 as described above.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, you may make the structure which provided the partition plate 46 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, and divided the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 into two.

  The method for fixing the upper end of the water permeable member 31 to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) or 40a (40b) is optional in addition to the method shown in FIG. 3 (b) and FIG. Can be adopted. What is important is that the upper end portion of the water-permeable member 31 in which the remaining heat seawater S2 has permeated and becomes heavier is firmly fixed to the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 29a and stored in the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 29a and the like. This is to create a flow that guides the remaining heat seawater S <b> 2 from the vicinity of the upper end of the water permeable member 31 toward the center of the water permeable member 31 using the seawater guide member 30 or 41. Thereby, a part of the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing into the central portion of the upper end portion of the water permeable member 31 flows down to the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 along the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 having high water permeability.

  In addition, although it is necessary to set appropriately the flow amount of the preheated seawater S2 which flows down through the surface part of the water-permeable member 31, this flow amount is the through-hole 30b provided in the seawater guide member 30 or 41, or hollow part 41a. It can be determined by the size of the diameter. For example, when the water permeable member 31 having a large diameter is used, the diameters of the through holes 30b and the hollow portion 41a are made larger than those of the water permeable member 31 having a small diameter.

  In the remaining heat seawater flow chambers 40a and 40b, which are the second embodiment of the above-described remaining heat seawater flow chamber, the lid member 40a4 made of a stainless steel plate or a lid member 40a4 in which stainless steel rods are combined in a lattice shape. Moreover, since the one end part side of the water-permeable member 31 can be easily tied, an effect that the maintenance work such as replacement of the water-permeable member 31 is simplified is produced.

(Example of arrangement of water-permeable members)
As described above, the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention uses the remaining heat seawater S2 from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chambers 29a (29b), 40a (40b), etc., which temporarily store the remaining heat seawater S2, and the like. From the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing down while oozing out to the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 when flowing down the space K maintained at about 90 to 100 ° C. toward the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 along It is characterized by having means for generating a large amount of water vapor.
In the embodiment of the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 29a and the like shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the example in which the water permeable member 31 is arranged in a grid pattern and the thickness of the water permeable member 31 is the same has been described. Furthermore, in order to generate a large amount of water vapor from the surface portion of the water permeable member 31, it is important to consider the arrangement of the water permeable member 31 in the space K and the thickness of the water permeable member 31. it is conceivable that. The arrangement when the multiple water permeable members 31 are suspended from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (40a) or the like toward the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, that is, the arrangement (arrangement) in the space K is as follows. Is considered desirable.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining an example of a desirable form for the arrangement of the water permeable members 31, and shows a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in the space K shown in FIG. 2.
In the example of the arrangement of the water permeable members 31 shown in FIG. 6, the water permeable members 31 having substantially the same thickness are arranged in a grid pattern and alternately at predetermined intervals in the X and Y directions of the space K. An example of arrangement is shown. The thickness (diameter) of the water permeable member 31 is approximately the same in a range of 10 mm to 50 mm, and the interval between the water permeable members 31 arranged in the Y direction is approximately 1 to 2 times the thickness of the water permeable member 31. The arrangement in the Y direction is such that the same arrangement of the water permeable members 31 is repeated every other row.

  In the arrangement example shown in FIG. 6, the hot air of about 90 to 100 ° C. ejected from the hot air ejecting means 32 advances toward the central portion of the space K while contacting the surface portion of the water permeable member 31. At this time, the hot air ejected from the hot air ejecting means 32 travels toward the central portion of the space K while contacting the surface portion of the water permeable member 31, so the remaining hot seawater S <b> 2 flowing down the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 is The generation of water vapor is promoted. Thus, the water vapor generated from the seawater S1 in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 and the water vapor generated from the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 are flown between the water permeable members 31 together with the flow of hot air discharged from the hot air blowing means 32. And reaches the lower part of the cavity part 24, that is, the center part of the space part K while contacting the surface part of the water-permeable member 31. The temperature of the water vapor at this time is about 90 to 100 ° C. The water vapor that has reached the center of the space K passes through the cavity 24, rises in the water vapor rising passage 25, and flows into the cooling chamber 7.

  In this way, by arranging a large number of water-permeable members 31 of the same thickness in a grid pattern, the hot air ejected from the hot-air ejection means 32 has a larger area in contact with the surface portion of the water-permeable member 31. And the effect that the quantity of the water vapor | steam generated from the surface part of the water-permeable member 31 can be increased arises. In addition, when using the water-permeable member 31 with the comparatively large thickness of the water-permeable member 31, compared with the case where the water-permeable member 31 with small thickness is used, the height of the space part K is made high. In addition, it is desirable that the total surface area of the water-permeable members 31 arranged in large numbers is increased.

  FIG. 7 shows another arrangement example of the arrangement of the water permeable members 31. In the arrangement example shown in FIG. 7, the water permeable members 61a, 61b, 61c having different thicknesses are arranged in a grid pattern and alternately spaced at predetermined intervals in the X and Y directions, and the X direction (remaining seawater return). An example is shown in which water-permeable members whose thickness is gradually reduced are arranged from the frame body 20 serving as the outer portion of the chamber toward the central portion of the space portion K).

  In the example shown in FIG. 7, three zones (Z1, Z2, Z3) are set in the X direction, and water permeable members having different thicknesses are arranged for each zone. In this arrangement, a plurality of rows of water permeable members 61a having the largest diameter (for example, 50 mm) are formed in the region Z1 on the frame body 20 side, and subsequently, the region Z2 has an intermediate diameter (for example, 20 mm to 40 mm). In the region Z3 close to the central portion of the space portion K, the water permeable members 61b are arranged in a plurality of rows, and the water permeable members 61c having the smallest diameter (for example, 10 mm to 20 mm) are arranged in a plurality of rows. Are arranged more than other zones.

  In the arrangement example shown in FIG. 7, the thickest water permeable member 61a, that is, the water permeable member having the largest surface area, is arranged on the side close to the hot air jetting means 32, so that from the surface portion of the thick water permeable member 61a. It becomes possible to promote the generation of a large amount of water vapor. Further, in the region Z3, since the water permeable members 61c having the smallest diameter are densely arranged, the high-temperature air flow easily comes into contact with the surface of the water permeable member 61c, and therefore water vapor from the surface of the water permeable member 61c. Will be promoted. Furthermore, in each area | region, it arrange | positions so that the space | interval of the water-permeable member of a X and Y direction may become dense with about 1-4 times the thickness of the water-permeable member arranged in each area | region.

  In the arrangement example of the water permeable members 61a, 61b, and 61c shown in FIG. 7, the thickness of the water permeable member is increased from the frame 20 to the center of the space K for each of the three zones Z1, Z2, and Z3. However, the thickness of the water permeable member may be sequentially reduced in units of columns in the Y direction as the distance from the frame body 20 toward the central portion of the space K is approached.

(Another embodiment of the cooling chamber)
Then, the structure of other embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG. 8 about the cooling chamber 7 which cools water vapor | steam. The cooling chamber 7 shown in FIG. 8 is a stainless steel cooling plate in which the configuration of the cooling plates arranged on the left and right side surfaces of the pipes 34a and 34b arranged in the vertical direction of the cooling chamber 7 shown in FIG. Further, when the cooling plate 50 is attached to the pipes 34a and 34b, the cooling plate 50 formed in a zigzag shape has an inclined surface inclined toward the lower side of the cooling chamber. Is. And between two adjacent pipes 34a and 34a (34b and 34b), the adjacent zigzag cooling plates 50 are shifted from each other by a slight distance in the vertical direction so that the adjacent cooling plates 50 Is formed with a narrow zigzag space 51.

  When the zigzag cooling plate 50 is arranged in the cooling chamber 7 as described above, when the air flow including water vapor flowing into the cooling chamber 7 descends in the cooling chamber 7, a part of the air flow is narrow. It flows in the zigzag space 51 from the upper part to the lower part. When the water vapor passes through the zigzag space 51, the water vapor contacts the zigzag cooling plate 50 over a wider area, so that the water vapor is cooled and condensed to form water droplets. It becomes possible to produce fresh water. FIG. 8 shows an example in which two zigzag space portions 51 are formed, but a plurality of zigzag space portions 51 are formed by installing three or more pipes 34a (34b) in the cooling chamber. As a result, a larger amount of fresh water can be generated.

[Configuration example of seawater residual heat system]
Then, the structural example of the seawater residual heat apparatus which can be employ | adopted for above-described this invention is demonstrated based on FIG.10 and FIG.11. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the configuration of the seawater afterheat device, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD shown in FIG.

  The seawater after-heat device 70 shown in FIG. 10 has an outer frame made of stainless steel, FRP, or the like, and in a sealed interior, two heat exchange pipes 71 and 72 are zigzag in the longitudinal direction. It is arranged. In addition, a plurality of solar light receiving portions 73, 73, 73,... Provided with a spherical (spherical) space portion in the lateral direction are provided at the lower portion of one side wall of the seawater residual heat device 70, and each sun. The light receiving unit 73 is provided with an opening 73a for allowing sunlight to enter the outside of the apparatus. A black coating for absorbing the thermal energy of the incident sunlight, for example, a coating layer of black chromate, is provided on the surface of the spherical space portion of the sunlight receiving unit 73. Further, the seawater residual heat device 70 is filled with a heat medium made of a liquid, for example, silicon oil.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the seawater residual heat device 70 is provided with a solar light collecting device 3b having a concave mirror 3c. Note that as many solar light collecting devices 3b as the number of solar light receiving units 73 provided in the seawater residual heat device 70 are installed. And the sunlight condensed with the sunlight condensing device 3b is made to inject into the corresponding sunlight light-receiving part 73. FIG. Further, the direction of the concave mirror 3c can automatically follow the movement of the sun under the control of the control device 12 or another control device.

  In the seawater residual heat device 70 having the above-described configuration, the sunlight collected by the concave mirror 3c of the sunlight collecting device 3b is incident on the spherical surface of the sunlight receiving unit 73 through the opening 73a. Since the sunlight that has entered the spherical surface of the sunlight receiving unit 73 is irradiated to the black chromate film layer, this portion is heated to a high temperature, for example, 100 ° C. or more by the thermal energy of sunlight. Thereby, the temperature of the heat medium filled in the seawater residual heat device 70 rises due to heat conduction from the solar light receiving unit 73, and convection of the heat medium occurs in the solar light collecting device 3b. When a predetermined time elapses, the temperature of the heat medium can reach a high temperature close to 100 ° C. Further, a convex lens 73b is arranged in the vicinity of the opening 73a, and the sunlight focused by the concave mirror 3c is focused on the chromate film layer, thereby further increasing the temperature of the solar light receiving part 73 including the chromate film layer. It becomes possible to make it high temperature, and it becomes possible to make the temperature of a heat medium into 100 degreeC or more.

  When the temperature of the heat medium in the seawater residual heat device 70 reaches a predetermined high temperature, a predetermined amount of seawater is supplied from the seawater storage device 2 to the heat exchange pipe 71 at predetermined time intervals. As a result, the seawater in the heat exchanging pipe 71 disposed in the seawater residual heat device 70 can be preheated to a temperature of at least 80 ° C. or higher. The seawater that has been preheated to a predetermined temperature in the heat exchanging pipe 71 is supplied to the residual heat seawater storage device 3a based on the control of the control device 12 or the like.

  Further, for example, air may be supplied to another heat exchange pipe 72 disposed in the seawater residual heat apparatus 70. When air is supplied to the heat exchanging pipe 72, the air in the heat exchanging pipe 72 can be heated to a high temperature close to 100 ° C. in the same manner as the operation of obtaining the remaining heat seawater from the seawater. In the daytime, the heated air is ejected as hot air from the hot air ejecting means 32 disposed in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 using a pneumatic feed pump.

  In addition, although the example provided with the function which heats seawater and air was demonstrated in the seawater afterheat apparatus 70 shown in FIG. 10, several seawater afterheat apparatuses are installed as a seawater afterheat apparatus which preheats only seawater. In the daytime, it is desirable to use solar heat so that a large amount of unheated seawater can be obtained continuously. Similarly, one or more air heating devices that heat only seawater may be installed.

(Operation control of seawater desalination equipment)
Then, the control for operating the seawater desalination apparatus of this invention, especially the apparatus main body 5 is demonstrated. This operation control is performed by the control device 12. The control device 12 includes a control board on which a CPU, a ROM in which a control program is stored in advance, and the like are mounted. Operation control is executed according to the control program.

  Each device shown in FIG. 1 has various sensors necessary for controlling the operation of the seawater desalination device, for example, a level sensor for detecting the level (liquid level) of the amount of seawater stored in the device. A temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature of seawater, a heat medium, etc., a pressure detection sensor for detecting the pressure in the apparatus, a salt concentration measurement sensor for measuring the salt concentration of seawater, and the like are installed. Various known sensors can be used as these sensors.

  For example, the seawater storage device 2 has a level sensor for detecting a storage level storing seawater taken from the sea by the water intake device 1, and the seawater preheating device 3 uses sunlight to preheat the seawater. The temperature detection sensor for measuring the residual heat temperature, the level sensor for detecting the storage level of the residual heat seawater stored in the residual heat seawater storage device 3a, and the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 A level sensor for detecting the storage level of the water, a temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature of the seawater S1, a salinity concentration measuring sensor for measuring the salinity concentration of the seawater S1, a temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature in the space K, etc. is set up.

The cooling chamber 7 includes a temperature detection sensor, a pressure detection sensor, and the like, and the fresh water storage device 11 includes a level sensor for detecting a storage level of fresh water stored in the remaining heat seawater flow chambers 29a, 29b (or 40a, 40b) is provided with a level sensor for detecting the storage level of the remaining hot seawater S2 to be temporarily stored.
Further, the heat medium heating device 8 has a temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat medium, the hot air generator 9 has a temperature detection sensor for detecting the temperature of the generated hot air, and a pressure for detecting the pressure. A sensor is installed.

  When performing the operation control at the time of start-up (including the time of start-up after maintenance) when constructing the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIG. An example of the operation control procedure of the seawater desalination apparatus main body 5 shown in FIG.

  (1) In order to supply the overheated seawater stored in the overheated seawater storage device 3a to the overheated seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b), the seawater supply means including a pump and a valve is controlled so that the overheated seawater is converted into the overheated seawater. Control to supply to the flow-down chamber 29a (29b) is performed. Further, the cold air generating means 10 is operated to circulate and supply the cold air to the “upper heat exchanging pipe 33a → the pipe 34a (34b) → the lower heat exchanging pipe 33b → the cold air generating means 10” and from the cold air ejecting means 36. Control to blow out cold air is started.

  (2) The level sensor installed in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) detects the level of the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b). When the detected value is equal to or lower than a predetermined level, the control device 12 performs control such as increasing the supply amount of the remaining heat seawater supplied from the remaining heat seawater storage device 3a to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b). Moreover, supply of the remaining heat seawater to the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 29a (29b) is controlled so that the storage level of the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 29a (29b) becomes constant.

  (3) As described above, the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) or the like flows down along the water permeable member 31 in the direction of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6, and the inside of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 Is stored as seawater S1. The level sensor installed in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 detects the storage level of the seawater S1. When the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 reaches a predetermined storage level, the control device 12 controls the heat medium heating device 8 to circulate and supply the heated heat medium to the heat exchange pipe 8a. To start. As a result, the seawater S1 is heated to near 100 ° C., and water vapor is generated. Furthermore, the hot air generator 9 is controlled to start the control of ejecting the hot air from the hot air ejecting means 32.

  Moreover, the control apparatus 12 controls so that the storage level of the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 becomes a predetermined reference level. And the control which circulates and supplies a part of seawater S1 to the remaining-heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) etc. via the seawater intake 21a is performed so that the storage level of seawater S1 reaches a reference level. In this way, the amount of the remaining heat seawater supplied from the remaining heat seawater storage device 3a to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) by controlling to circulate and supply a part of the seawater S1 to the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) and the like. Can be reduced. In addition, control by which this control apparatus 12 circulates and supplies a part of seawater S1 to the preheated seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) etc. via the seawater intake 21a becomes a preheated seawater return means.

(4) The salinity concentration of the seawater S1 stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is detected by a salinity concentration measurement sensor, and when this measured value reaches a predetermined concentration, a predetermined amount of seawater S1 is discharged from the discharge pipe 22 into the residual heat seawater. While performing control which discharges outside the return chamber 6, it performs control which supplies surplus seawater from the surplus seawater storage device 3a into the surplus seawater return chamber 6 from the seawater intake 21b by the seawater supply means. The supply of the remaining heat seawater is performed until the storage level of the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 reaches a predetermined level. By this control, the salinity concentration of the seawater S1 in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 becomes high, and it becomes possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of water vapor generated.
In addition, since the seawater S1 discharged from the discharge pipe 22 is a high temperature close to 100 ° C., for example, it is reused as a heat source for maintaining the temperature of the residual heat seawater in the residual heat seawater storage device 3a and returned to the sea after use. To process.

  (5) The pressure in the cooling chamber is detected by a pressure detection sensor, and when the detected value exceeds a predetermined value, the suction force of the decompression pump connected to the suction port 38 is increased to set the pressure in the cooling chamber to a predetermined value. Control to be the reference value.

  (6) The power generated by the solar power generation device 4 is used as a power source of the device shown in FIG. 1, but the control device 12 monitors the amount of power used, and when there is a surplus in power, Control for storing this surplus power in the power storage device 4b is performed. The power stored in the power storage device 4b is mainly used as a power source when operating each device constituting the seawater desalination device at night.

  The control device 12 performs the above-described control of the operation of the seawater desalination device according to the present invention, so that the device main body 5 consumes energy to generate a large amount of water vapor from seawater in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. It is possible to obtain fresh water from seawater efficiently using mainly the energy of sunlight.

  In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the multiple water-permeable members 31 suspended from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) to the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 have been described as being vertically suspended. The suspending direction of the multiple water permeable members 31 may be gradually inclined by a predetermined angle from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 29a (29b) to the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 in addition to the vertical direction. When the water-permeable member 31 is suspended in an inclined state, the total surface area of each water-permeable member 31 in the space K increases, so that the amount of water vapor generated can be further increased. The direction in which the water permeable member 31 is suspended may be a combination of the vertical direction and the inclined direction described above. In this case, for example, several rows of water permeable members 31 arranged in the vicinity of the frame 20 are suspended in the vertical direction, and several rows of water permeable members 31 arranged in the vicinity of the central portion of the space K are inclined. Orient.

  When the water permeable member 31 is disposed so as to be gently inclined by a predetermined angle, the inclination angle is determined so that the remaining heat seawater S2 flowing down along the surface portion of the water permeable member 31 is separated from the middle of the water permeable member 31. It is necessary to set the angle so that it does not fall. This is because it is considered that minute particles of the preheated seawater S2 including salt that has dropped from the middle of the water permeable member 31 flows into the cooling chamber 7 on the rising air current in the space K.

Further, as described above, the water permeable member 31 is preferably a string member made of cotton, silk, hemp, or a combination thereof made of natural plant fibers, and further, these cotton, silk, hemp, Or it is good also as a string member which mixed and twisted the rice straw and the tatami surface in the porous synthetic fiber. By doing so, the inside of the string member becomes more porous, and the surface part can also be formed with more uneven parts, so the effect of promoting the generation of water vapor from the residual heat seawater flowing down the surface part of the string member Is further improved.
In the present invention, in order to increase the strength of the water permeable member 31, the water permeable member 31 may be formed of a member containing carbon fiber.

(Other examples of water-permeable members)
Then, when a water-permeable member is comprised from the member containing carbon fiber, the structural example of a preheat seawater flow lower chamber is demonstrated. FIG. 12 shows a configuration example for attaching the water permeable member 80 to the bottom plate 81 a of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 when the water permeable member 80 is made of a member containing carbon fiber.

  As shown in FIG. 12, a stepped portion 81c is formed in the bottom plate 81a of the remaining seawater flow lower chamber 81 from the upper surface to the lower surface, and a through hole 81b penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the stepped portion 81c. is doing. The bottom plate 81a is provided with a large number of through holes 81b provided with the step portions 81c in a grid pattern, and a stainless steel seawater guide member 82 is inserted into each through hole 81b. It is fixed tightly so that residual heat seawater does not leak from. As will be described later, the seawater guide member 82 is a means for locking the water permeable member 80 and suspending the water permeable member 80 toward the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6.

  As shown in FIG. 13 (a), the shape of the seawater guide member 82 is, for example, a circular upper surface portion 82a and a lower cylindrical portion 82b (see FIG. 12) following the upper surface portion 82a. It has a cylindrical shape in which a through hole 82c that penetrates from the center of the upper surface of the upper surface 82a to the lower end of the lower cylindrical portion 82b is formed. Further, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13A, a plurality of projecting portions 82d projecting a predetermined length from the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 82c toward the center portion are provided near the upper surface of the upper surface portion 82a. Yes. In the example shown in FIG. 13A, four projecting portions 82d are provided facing each other at an interval of 90 °. Further, the lower cylindrical portion 82b is provided with a through hole 82e formed in a direction perpendicular to the center line of the through hole 82c and in the diameter direction of the through hole 82c. The through hole 82e is a hole through which the bolt 83 is inserted.

  Then, the structure of the water-permeable member 80 which consists of a member containing carbon fiber is demonstrated with reference to Fig.14 (a), (b). The water permeable member 80 is a hollow linear member having a through hole H1 in the vertical direction, and has an outer diameter d1 and a length L4. The shape of the cross section thereof is as shown in FIG. It has a circular shape. The water permeable member 80 includes a hollow linear member 84 made of a composite material containing carbon fibers, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite material (C / C composite), and water permeability fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84. It is comprised from the fiber member (henceforth a "water-permeable fiber member") 85 which has property.

  The hollow linear member 84 having a length L4 and an outer diameter d1 is a composite material composed of carbon powder and carbon fiber, a composite material in which carbon fiber is dispersed in a thermosetting resin, or carbon fiber in FRP. Composed of composite materials. The vicinity of the upper end portion of the hollow linear member 84 includes a small diameter portion 84a having a length L5 that is reduced to a small diameter. Further, the small diameter portion 84a is orthogonal to the center line of the through hole H1, and Two holes 84b formed in the diameter direction are formed. These two holes 84b are holes through which the bolts 83 are inserted. The hollow linear member 84 is manufactured to have a length of about 1 m to 1.5 m by, for example, extrusion molding, and the small diameter portion 84a is formed by cutting. The diameter d1 of the hollow linear member 84 may be about 10 mm to 20 mm, and the diameter of the through hole H1 may be about 5 mm to 10 mm.

  The water-permeable fiber member 85 fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84 has a predetermined thickness d2, and is a cylindrical shape made of cloth (woven fabric) knitted into a highly permeable cloth, woven fabric, or braid. These are, for example, synthetic fibers and synthetic fibers including carbon fibers. The thickness d2 of the water permeable member 85 is set to about 3 to 10 mm.

  FIG. 12 is a partial view showing a state in which the water permeable member 80 having the above configuration is locked to the seawater guide member 82 and the water permeable member 80 is suspended downward from the bottom plate 81a of the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 81. . The method of locking the water permeable member 80 to the seawater guide member 82 can be implemented by the following procedure, for example.

(1) First, as shown in FIG. 14, a water-permeable fiber member 85 is fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84. At this time, the lower end surface of the hollow linear member 84 and the lower end surface of the water permeable fiber member 85 are preferably matched. A small-diameter through hole 85c is drilled in advance at a predetermined position below the upper end of the water-permeable fiber member 85.
(2) Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12, the small diameter portion 85a of the hollow linear member 85 having the water permeable fiber member 85 fitted on the outer peripheral surface is inserted into the through hole 82c of the seawater guide member 82, and Only the small diameter portion 85 a is allowed to pass through the plurality of protruding portions 82 e, and the upper end portion of the small diameter portion 85 a is made to coincide with the upper surface portion of the seawater guide member 82.

  (3) After the state of (2) above, the split-type split ring members 86 and 86 shown in FIG. 15 are sandwiched between the outer peripheral surface of the lower cylindrical portion 82b of the seawater guide member 82 and the permeable fiber member 85 is sandwiched between them. Wear in the state. Subsequently, the bolt 83 is inserted through the hole 86a of the split ring member 86, the hole 85c of the water permeable fiber member 85, the hole 82e of the seawater guide member 82, and the hole 84b of the hollow linear member 84, and tightened with the nut 83a. As a result, the vicinity of the upper end portion of the water-permeable fiber member 85 is compressed by the pressing force of the two split ring members 86, 86 and is deformed into a compressed state 85 a as shown in FIG. 12, and the hollow linear member 84. Is firmly supported by the seawater guide member 82 by the bolt 83, and the water-permeable fiber member 85 is firmly supported by the pressing force of the two split ring members 86, 86, so that from the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84 It becomes possible to prevent omission.

(4) The above operations (2) and (3) are repeated as many times as the number of the hollow linear members 84 suspended from the bottom plate 81a of the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81.
(5) The preheated seawater flow chamber 81 in which a large number of water permeable members 80 are suspended from the bottom plate 81 a of the preheated seawater flow chamber 81 via the seawater guide members 82 is installed above the preheated seawater return chamber 6. As a result, a large number of water permeable members 80 are suspended from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 through the space K to the seawater in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6.
In addition, what is necessary is just to employ | adopt the structure for latching the water-permeable member 80 to the seawater guide member 82 suitably except having mentioned above in consideration of workability | operativity.

  About the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 which suspended the water-permeable member 80 comprised from the member containing the above-mentioned carbon fiber, the remaining heat seawater S2 is the seawater of the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 via the water permeability member 80 from the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81. The operation when flowing down will be described as follows with reference to FIGS.

  (1) A portion of the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 flows into the seawater in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 through the through holes H1 provided in each water permeable member 80. Thereby, the preheated seawater return chamber 6 is supplemented with the preheated seawater. Since the seawater (surplus heat seawater) S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated by heat exchange with the heat exchange pipe 8a, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the seawater S1.

(2) A portion of the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 is between the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 84a of the hollow linear member 84 and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 82c of the seawater guide member 82. It flows down in the formed space portion H2 and reaches the upper portion 85b of the water-permeable fiber member 85 that is not compressed. Since the water permeable fiber member 85 is composed of a fiber member having high water permeability, the remaining heat seawater that has reached the upper portion 85b of the water permeable fiber member 85 is contained in the water permeable fiber member 85 or the outer periphery of the water permeable fiber member 85. It flows down toward the seawater S1 in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 while passing through the surface. Since the water permeable member 80 is disposed in the space K in the high-temperature atmosphere close to 90 to 100 °, the residual heat seawater flowing down through the water permeable fiber member 85, in particular, the surface portion of the water permeable fiber member 85. Since the remaining hot seawater flowing down along is heated, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the surface portion of the water-permeable fiber member 85.
In this way, the water vapor generated from the seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 and the water vapor generated from the residual heat seawater flowing down the water permeable fiber member 85 ascend the water vapor rising passage 25 and enter the cooling chamber 7. Flows into and cools, causing condensation. This makes it possible to generate fresh water from the water vapor that has flowed into the cooling chamber 7.

  In the above-described embodiment, the water-permeable member is constituted by the hollow linear member 84 made of a composite material containing carbon fiber and the water-permeable fiber member 85 fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84. The following effects can be obtained.

  (1) Since the hollow linear member 84 is made of a composite material containing carbon fiber that is lightweight, high-strength, and excellent in corrosion resistance, it is possible to suspend a large number of water-permeable members from the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 81. Thus, the efficiency of generating fresh water from seawater can be improved, and the hollow linear member 84 can be used over a long period of time.

  (2) Since the water-permeable fiber member 85 having a predetermined thickness d2 is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member 84, the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber 81 is surely provided. It can flow down through the water-permeable fiber member 85. Thereby, it becomes possible to generate a large amount of water vapor from the residual heat seawater flowing down the water permeable fiber member 85 in the space K.

  (3) Since the hollow linear member 84 is configured to have a hollow shape having the through-hole H1 in the longitudinal direction, a part of the preheated seawater S2 stored in the preheated seawater flow chamber 81 is surely returned to the preheated seawater. It becomes possible to supply the chamber 6. The seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is heated by heat exchange with the heat exchange pipe 8a, and the heated remaining heat seawater S1 is circulated and returned to the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 81. As a result, the consumption of energy for heating the seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is reduced, and the seawater heated in the residual heat seawater return chamber 6 is also returned to the residual heat seawater return chamber 81, so that the daytime In addition, it is possible to effectively use the residual heat seawater obtained by preheating the seawater residual heat apparatus 3, for example, to generate fresh water even at night.

  In the above-described embodiment, the single hollow linear member 84 including the carbon fiber having the length L4 shown in FIG. 14 has been described as an example of a single continuous member. For example, an inner screw is formed at one end of a hollow linear member having a length of about 30 cm, and an outer screw is formed at the other end by cutting. Split-type hollow linear members may be joined together by screw coupling to form a single hollow linear member having a length of about 1 m to 1.5 m.

  FIG. 16 shows a state in which a large number of water permeable members 80 each including the hollow linear member 90 formed by screw coupling of the above-described split type hollow linear members are suspended from the remaining heat seawater flow chamber 81. An example of an embodiment is shown. The split-type hollow linear member 90 includes an upper linear member 90a and a lower linear member 90b. In FIG. 16, the water permeable members 80 adjacent to each other are arranged in the vertical direction with an interval L6.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the upper linear member 90a includes a small diameter portion 90c whose upper portion is reduced in diameter, and an inner screw 91a is engraved at the lower end portion. The lower linear member 90b has an external screw 91b on one end (upper end) and an inner screw 91a (not shown in FIG. 16) on the other end (lower end). Engraved. The split hollow linear member 90 is connected to the internal screw 91a at the lower end portion of the upper linear member 90a by an external screw 91b provided at the upper end portion of the lower linear member 90b. An external screw 91b provided at the upper end of another lower linear member 90b is screw-connected to the inner screw 91a provided at the lower end of the linear member 90b. Thereby, one hollow linear member 90 having a predetermined length is connected to the lower end portion of the upper linear member 90a by sequentially connecting several lower linear members 90b by screw fastening. Obtainable.

As described above, the hollow linear member 90 is configured such that a plurality of lower linear members 90b are sequentially connected to one upper linear member 90a, whereby the upper linear member 90a and the lower linear member 90 are connected. After the member 90b is molded into a predetermined shape by extrusion molding or die molding, there is an effect that the member 90b can be manufactured easily and in large quantities through a firing process.
In addition, although the above-mentioned upper linear member 90a and the lower linear member 90b were demonstrated to the example which makes the single hollow linear member 90 by screw fastening, it is set as the single hollow linear member 90 using an adhesive agent. Means may be employed.

  When the water-permeable member 80 provided with the split-type hollow linear member 90 is suspended from the residual heat seawater flow lower chamber 81, the strength of the screw joint portion or the joint portion due to adhesion may be reduced. As shown, it is preferable to cover the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable member 80 corresponding to the joint with a support member 92. By covering the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable member 80 with the support member 92, for example, even if the total length of the split-type hollow linear member 90 is 1.5 m or longer, the hollow starting from these joints Since the linear member 90 can be prevented from shaking, even when a malfunction occurs at the joint, it is possible to prevent the remaining hot seawater flowing down from being directly scattered into the space K from the location where the malfunction has occurred. The material of the support member 92 is made of stainless steel or FRP.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the support member 92 has a predetermined length in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction of the water permeable member 80). For example, the cylindrical portion 92 a corresponds to the arrangement of the water permeable members 80. The shape is arranged in a grid pattern, and the cylindrical portion 92 a is connected vertically and horizontally by a straight portion 93. The left and right ends of the support member 92 are fixed to the frame body 20 and the partition plate 46, respectively. FIG. 17 shows an example in which the cylindrical portions 92a are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. However, the arrangement of the water permeable members 31 shown in FIG. 6 or 7 corresponds to the arrangement of the water permeable members 31. Thus, the cylindrical portions 92a are arranged.

A water permeable member 80 is fitted on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92 a so as to contact the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable member 80, that is, the water permeable fiber member 85. As shown in FIG. 16, the position where the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable member 80 is brought into contact with the water permeable fiber member 85 is a joint where the upper linear member 90a and the lower linear member 90b are joined by screw fastening or the like. Including the predetermined length in the vertical direction.
In addition, the degree to which the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92a abuts on the water permeable fiber member 85 is such that the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92a does not strongly compress the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable fiber member 85. The entire inner peripheral surface is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the water permeable fiber member 85. Thereby, it is possible to allow the remaining heat seawater to flow downward in the portion of the water permeable fiber member 85 that is lightly in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92a, and is further in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92a. The remaining heat seawater that has flowed down through the water permeable fiber member 85 travels along the surface and the inside of the water permeable fiber member 85 and flows down toward the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6.

FIG. 18 shows another embodiment of the split-type hollow linear member 90. The hollow linear member 90 shown in FIG. 18 is slightly above the upper end portion of the inner screw 91a formed at the lower end portion of the upper linear member 90a, in a direction orthogonal to the center line of the through hole H1 of the upper linear member 90a. A through hole 94 is provided so as to penetrate the through hole H1. The four through holes 94 may be provided at 90 ° intervals with respect to the center line of the through hole H1 of the upper linear member 90a.
Moreover, it is the protrusion part which formed the external screw 91b of the upper end part of the lower linear member 90b, Comprising: For example, the stainless steel plug 95 is inserted in the through-hole H1 of this protrusion part, and the through-hole H1 is closed. is doing.

  When the hollow linear member 90 is configured as shown in FIG. 18, the remaining heat seawater that has flowed down the through hole H1 of the upper linear member 90a is stopped by the plug 95, but passes through the through hole 94. It flows into the permeable fiber member 85. This is the place where the residual heat seawater flows into the water permeable fiber member 85 through the through-hole 94, and the outer peripheral surface of the aqueous fiber member 85 is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 92a of the support member 92. The remaining heat seawater that has flowed into the water permeable fiber member 85 can be prevented from being separated from the outer peripheral surface of the aqueous fiber member 85 and falling directly into the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6. Thereby, in the permeable fiber member 85 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the lower linear member 90b connected to the lower end portion of the upper linear member 90a, the outer peripheral surface of the upper linear member 90a is provided. Since the remaining heat seawater that has flowed down the through hole H1 of the upper linear member 90a is added to the remaining heat seawater that has flowed down the water-permeable fiber member 85 that is mounted, the lower linear member 90b that is disposed in the space K. A large amount of water vapor can be generated from the water-permeable fiber member 85.

About embodiment which comprised the above-mentioned water-permeable member from the member containing a carbon fiber, although the example which mounted | wore the cylindrical water-permeable fiber member on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member was demonstrated, It is good also as a structure which wound the string member which has water permeability toward the lower end part from the upper end part of an outer peripheral surface helically. As the water-permeable string member, for example, the water-permeable member (string member) shown in FIG. 3B or 5 can be used.
Thus, when it is set as the structure which wound the string member which has water permeability toward the lower end part from the upper end part of the outer peripheral surface of a hollow linear member spirally, the remaining heat seawater S2 stored in the remaining heat seawater flow lower room 81 is: Since it flows down the spirally wound string member having water permeability, a large amount of water vapor can be generated from the string member having water permeability.

  In the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention described above, a fine bubble generator for generating fine bubbles in the seawater S1 stored in the remaining heat seawater return chamber 6 is installed, and hot air is supplied to the fine bubble generator. Means for supplying hot air generated by the generator 9 and generating fine bubbles containing hot air in the seawater S1 may be provided. By providing such means, when bubbles containing hot air are ejected onto the surface of the seawater S1, the surface of the seawater S1 is immediately exposed to a high temperature, so that the generation of water vapor from the surface of the seawater S1 is promoted. Will be.

  Moreover, in the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention, since the power consumption of the pump and the like used in the seawater intake apparatus 1 is large, it is possible to use electric power generated by a normal existing thermal power generation apparatus or the like. desirable. In addition, the heat source heating device 8, the hot air generation device 9, the cold air generation device 10, and the power source for generating various pumps and the power source for generating the heat source include the power generated by the solar power generation device 4, and the above It is desirable that the electric power generated by the existing power generation device such as the thermal power generation device can be used based on the control of the control device 12.

As described above, the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention can generate fresh water mainly by using solar energy, efficiently generating a large amount of water vapor from seawater, and cooling the water vapor. Compared with a conventional seawater desalination apparatus using a multistage flash system or a reverse osmosis membrane system, the production cost of fresh water can be greatly reduced.
In addition, since each device (single device) constituting the seawater desalination apparatus can be unitized, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the seawater desalination apparatus itself and to simplify the assembly work at the installation site. become. Moreover, according to the scale of a seawater desalination apparatus, it becomes possible to operate, for example, combining a plurality of seawater residual heat apparatuses and apparatus bodies.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Water intake device 2: Seawater storage device 3, 70: Seawater residual heat storage device, 3a: Surplus heat seawater storage device, 3b: Solar condensing device 4: Solar power generation device, 4a: Solar power generation panel, 4b: Power storage device 5 : Seawater desalination equipment body (equipment body)
6: Remaining seawater return chamber 7: Cooling chamber 8: Heat medium heating device 8a: Heat exchange pipe 9: Hot air generator (hot air generator / supply device) 10: Cold air generator 11: Fresh water storage device 23a, 23b: Partition member 24 : Cavity 25: Water vapor rising path 28a, 28b: Catchment 29a, 29b, 40a, 40b, 81: Preheated seawater flow chamber 30, 41, 82: Seawater guide member 31, 61a, 61b, 61c: Water permeable member ( String member)
32: Hot-air ejection means 46: Partition plate 73: Sunlight receiving part 80: Water-permeable member 83: Bolt 84: Hollow linear member 85: Water-permeable fiber member 86: Split ring K: Space part H1: Through hole H2: Space Part S1: Seawater (seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber)
S2: Sump seawater (Sump seawater stored in the bottom seawater flow chamber)

Claims (11)

In a seawater desalination apparatus equipped with a seawater preheater that uses solar energy to obtain preheated preheated seawater,
In order to store the remaining heat seawater and to cause the stored remaining heat seawater to flow downward through the space portion, a plurality of water permeable members each having at least a surface portion made of a water permeable member are arranged in the vertical direction. A residual heat seawater flow chamber equipped with a water permeable member;
A preheated seawater return chamber for storing the preheated seawater flowing down from the water permeable member;
A hot air generating and supplying device for supplying hot air to the space;
In the space portion, collecting water vapor generated from the preheated seawater flowing down through the surface portion of the water permeable member, cooling the collected water vapor to generate fresh water; and
A seawater desalination apparatus comprising:   The said residual heat seawater flow lower chamber is equipped with the seawater guide member for guiding the stored said residual heat seawater to the said water-permeable member while latching the upper end part of the said water-permeable member. The seawater desalination apparatus described.   The said water-permeable member is arranged and suspended in the shape of a grid from the said remaining heat seawater flow lower chamber to the said remaining heat seawater stored in the said remaining heat seawater return chamber. 2. The seawater desalination apparatus according to 2.   The water permeable member is suspended from the preheated seawater flow chamber to the preheated seawater stored in the preheated seawater return chamber in a grid pattern, and the thickness of the water permeable member is: The seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a central portion of the space portion is made smaller than an outer portion of the space portion.   The said water-permeable member consists of braided or rope-like members comprised of either cotton yarn, silk yarn, hemp yarn, or these two or more types of yarns. The seawater desalination apparatus according to 1.   The water-permeable member is composed of a hollow linear member made of a composite material that is hollow and containing carbon fibers, and a fiber member having water permeability that is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member. The seawater desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The water-permeable member includes a hollow linear member made of a composite material that is hollow and contains carbon fibers, and a string member having water permeability wound from the upper end portion to the lower end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hollow linear member. It is comprised, The seawater desalination apparatus in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the remaining heat seawater return chamber includes heating means for heating the stored remaining heat seawater to generate water vapor.   9. The seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a residual heat seawater returning means for returning the residual heat seawater stored in the residual heat seawater return chamber to the residual heat seawater flow lower chamber.   The seawater desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot air generation and supply apparatus is an apparatus that supplies hot air obtained by heating air using solar energy to the space portion.   The heating means is characterized in that the heated heat medium circulated and supplied from a heat medium heating device that heats the heat medium using solar energy is used as a heat source.

Images